EP0870101B1 - Flammenlose verbrennvorrichtung - Google Patents
Flammenlose verbrennvorrichtung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0870101B1 EP0870101B1 EP96944608A EP96944608A EP0870101B1 EP 0870101 B1 EP0870101 B1 EP 0870101B1 EP 96944608 A EP96944608 A EP 96944608A EP 96944608 A EP96944608 A EP 96944608A EP 0870101 B1 EP0870101 B1 EP 0870101B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- combustion
- combustor
- fuel
- combustion chamber
- tubular
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004058 oil shale Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006454 non catalyzed reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 38
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 17
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical class [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- MFRCZYUUKMFJQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione;1,3-dioxan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OCCCO1.O=C1COC(=O)CO1 MFRCZYUUKMFJQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015076 Shorea robusta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000166071 Shorea robusta Species 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B36/00—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
- E21B36/02—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones using burners
Definitions
- This invention relates to a flameless combustion apparatus and method according to the preamble of claims 1 and 16.
- U.S. Patent Nos. 4,640,352 and 4,886,118 disclose conductive heating of subterranean formations of low permeability that contain oil to recover oil therefrom.
- Low permeability formations include diatomites, lipid coals, and oil shales. Formations of low permeability are not amiable to secondary oil recovery methods such as steam, carbon dioxide, or fire flooding. Flooding materials tend to penetrate formations that have low permeabilities preferentially through fractures. The injected materials bypass most of the formation hydrocarbons. In contrast, conductive heating does not require fluid transport into the formation. Oil within the formation is therefore not bypassed as in a flooding process.
- U.S. Patent No. 5,255,742 discloses a flameless combustor useful for heating subterranean formations that utilizes preheated fuel gas and/or combustion air wherein the fuel gas is combined with the combustion air in increments that are sufficiently small that flames are avoided. Creation of NO x is almost eliminated, and cost of the heaters can be significantly reduced because of less expensive materials of construction. Preheating the fuel gas in accordance with the method disclosed in this prior art reference may result in coke formation unless CO 2 , H 2 , or steam is added to the fuel gas. Further, start-up of the known heater is a time consuming process because it must operate at temperatures above the uncatalyzed autoignition temperature of the fuel gas mixture.
- Catalytic combustors are also known.
- U.S. Patent No. 3,928,961 discloses a catalytically-supported thermal combustion apparatus wherein formation of NO x is eliminated by combustion at temperatures above auto-ignition temperatures of the fuel, but less than those temperatures at which result in substantial formation of oxides of nitrogen.
- the flameless combustor of the present invention results in minimal production of nitrous oxides because temperatures that would result from adiabatic combustion of the fuel-oxidant mixture are avoided. Other measures to remove or prevent the formation of nitrous oxides are therefore not required. Relatively even heat distribution over a large area and long lengths are possible, and relatively inexpensive materials of construction for the combustor of the present invention can be used because of lower combustion temperatures.
- Acceptable catalyst materials include noble metals, semi-precious metals, and transition metal oxides. Generally, known oxidation catalysts are useful in the present invention. Mixtures of such metals or metal oxides could also be useful.
- the flameless combustor of the present invention is particularly useful as a heat injector for heating subterranean formations for recovery of hydrocarbons.
- the catalytic surfaces also improve operability and start-up operations of such heat injectors.
- the present invention eliminates a need to transport fuels and oxidants in separate conduits to the combustion zone in such heat injectors. This results in significant cost savings.
- the combustion chamber is defined by a lower portion of a well casing and a plug near the bottom of the well casing and the catalyst surface is provided by a catalyst coating on the inner and/or outer surface of a tubular which is co-axially suspended within the well casing such that an axial spacing is maintained between a lower end of the suspended tubular and the plug.
- the suspended tubular is used as a mixed fuel and air inlet conduit and the annular space between the suspended tubular and the well casing is used as a combustion product outlet conduit or vice versa.
- flameless combustion is accomplished by preheating combustion air and fuel gas sufficiently that when the two streams are combined the temperature of the mixture exceeds the autoignition temperature of the mixture, but to a temperature less than that which would result in the oxidation upon mixing being limited by the rate of mixing. Without a catalyst surface present, preheating of the streams to a temperature between about 815 °C and about 1260 °C and then mixing the fuel gas into the combustion air in relatively small increments will result in flameless combustion.
- a catalyzed autoignition temperature In turbulent flow, fluid in a boundary layer that contacts the catalytic surface will be oxidized almost quantitatively, but almost no oxidation will occur outside of the boundary layer if the bulk temperatures remain below the non-catalyzed autoignition temperatures of the mixture.
- reaction in the temperature range between the catalyzed autoignition temperature and the noncatalyzed autoignition temperature is mass-transfer limited, at a rate that is relatively independent of temperature. This is suggested in references such as U.S. Patent No. 4,065,917.
- This mass transfer limited reaction mechanism is utilized in the present invention to control distribution of heat generation within the combustion chamber of the flameless combustor. Heat generation and heat removal can be balanced so that the average stream temperature of the mixed oxidant, fuel, and combustion products remains between the catalyzed autoignition temperature and the noncatalyzed autoignition temperature.
- the heater of the present invention can be controlled by such variables as fuel-oxidant ratio, fuel-oxidant flowrate.
- the heat load may be subject to controls.
- An important feature of the flameless combustor of the present invention is that heat is removed along the axis of the combustion chamber so that a temperature is maintained that is significantly below the adiabatic combustion temperature. This almost eliminates formation of NO x s, and also significantly reduces metallurgical requirements resulting in a relatively inexpensive combustor.
- a combustor within a heat injection well capable of carrying out the present invention is shown.
- a formation to be heated, 1, is below an overburden, 2.
- a wellbore, 3, extends through the overburden and to a position that is preferably near the bottom of the formation to be heated.
- a vertical well is shown, but the wellbore could be deviated or horizontal.
- Horizontal heat injector wells may be provided in formations that fracture horizontally to recover hydrocarbons by a parallel drive process. Shallow oil shale formations are examples of formations where horizontal heaters may be useful. Horizontal heaters may also be effectively used when thin layers are to be heated to limit heat loss to overburden and base rock.
- the wellbore is cased with a casing, 4.
- the lower portion of the wellbore may be cemented with a cement, 7, having characteristics suitable for withstanding elevated temperatures and transferring heat.
- a cement which is a good thermal insulator, 8, is preferred for the upper portion of the wellbore to prevent heat loss from the system.
- a combustion mixture conduit, 10, extends from the wellhead (not shown) to the lower portion of the wellbore.
- High temperature cements suitable for cementing casing and conduits within the high temperature portions of the wellbore are available. Examples are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,507,332 and 3,180,748. Alumina contents above about 50 percent by weight based on cements slurry solids are preferred.
- the heater In shallow formations, it may be advantageous to hammer-drill the heater directly into the formation.
- cementing of the heater in the formation may not be required, but an upper portion of the heater may be cemented to prevent fluid loss to the surface.
- Choice of a diameter of the casing, 4, in the embodiment of FIG. 1 is a trade-off between the expense of the casing, and the rate at which heat may be transferred into the formation.
- the casing due to the metallurgy required, is generally the most expensive component of the injection well.
- the heat that can be transferred into the formation increases significantly with increasing casing diameter.
- a casing of between about 10 and about 20 cm in internal diameter will typically provide an optimum trade-off between initial cost and capability to transfer heat from the wellbore.
- a cement plug 23 is shown at the bottom of the casing, the cement plug being forced down the casing during the cementing operation to force cement out the bottom of the casing.
- Catalyst surfaces 20 are provided within the combustion chamber 14 to provide a limited region wherein the oxidation reaction temperature is lowered. Distribution of these catalyst surfaces 20 as a coating which covers at least part of the inner and/or outer surface of a lower portion of the conduit 10 provide for distribution of heat release within the combustion chamber.
- the catalyst surfaces are sized to accomplish a nearly even temperature distribution along the casing. A nearly even temperature profile within the casing results in more uniform heat distribution within the formation to be heated. A nearly uniform heat distribution within the formation will result in more efficient utilization of heat in a conductive heating hydrocarbon recovery process. A more even temperature profile will also result in the lower maximum temperatures for the same heat release. Because the materials of construction of the burner and well system dictate the maximum temperatures, even temperature profiles will increase the heat release possible for the same materials of construction.
- heat be removed from the combustion chamber along the length of the combustion chamber.
- heat is transferred to the formation around the wellbore.
- the heater of the present invention could also be used in other applications, such as steam generation and chemical industry process heaters and reactors.
- the mixed fuel and air react within the wellbore volume adjacent to the catalyst surfaces 14 forming combustion products.
- the combustion products travel up the wellbore and out an exhaust vent (not shown) at the wellhead through the combustion product conduit 10. From the exhaust vent, the combustion products may be routed to atmosphere through an exhaust stack (not shown).
- the combustion gases may be treated to remove pollutants, although nitrous oxides would not be present and would not therefore need to be removed. Additional energy recovery from the combustion products by an expander turbine or heat exchanger may also be desirable.
- Preheating of the fuel gases to obtain flameless combustion without a catalyst would result in significant generation of carbon unless a carbon formation suppressant is included in the fuel gas stream.
- the need to provide such a carbon formation suppressant is therefore avoided by operating the heater at a temperature that is less than the carbon formation temperature.
- Cold start-up of a well heater of the present invention may utilize combustion with a flame.
- Initial ignition may be accomplished by injecting pyrophoric material, an electrical igniter, a spark igniter, temporally lowering an igniter into the wellbore, or an electrical resistance heater.
- the burner is preferably rapidly brought to a temperature at which a flameless combustion is sustained to minimize the time period at which a flame exists within the wellbore. The rate of heating up the burner will typically be limited by the thermal gradients the burner can tolerate.
- the combustion mixture conduit can be utilized as a resistance heater to bring the combustor up to an operating temperature.
- an electrical lead 15 can be connected with a clamp 16 or other connection to the combustion mixture conduit 10 near the wellhead below an electrically insulating coupling to supply electrical energy.
- Electrical ground can be provided near the bottom of the borehole with one or more electrically conducting centralizers 17 around the combustion mixture conduit 10.
- Centralizers on the combustion mixture conduit above the electrically grounding centralizers are electrically insulating centralizers. Sufficient heat is preferably applied to result in the combustion mixture being, at the location of the initial catalyst surface, at a temperature that is above the catalyzed autoignition temperature but below the noncatalyzed auto ignition temperature.
- Thickness of the combustion mixture conduit can be varied to result is release of heat at preselected segments of the length of the fuel conduit. For example, in a well heat injector application, it may be desirable to electrically heat the lowermost portion of the wellbore in order to ignite the mixed gas stream at the highest concentration of fuel, and to burn the fuel before exhaust gasses are passed back up through the wellbore. Thin section 21 is shown in the combustion mixture conduit to provide a surface of elevated temperature for start-up of the combustor.
- Oxidation reaction temperature of the fuel gas-oxidant mixture is lowered by provision of a noble metal surface, or another effective catalyst surface.
- Catalytic surface is preferably provided on the either the inside, outside, or both inside and outside surface of the combustion products conduit 10.
- a surface, or a tubular or other noble metal containing surface could be separately placed within the combustion chamber.
- Other noble metal coated surfaces could be provided, for example, in the combustion product annulus outside of the combustion gas conduit. This additional catalyst surface could ensure that complete combustion occurred within the wellbore, where generation of heat is desired.
- Start-up of the flameless combustor of the present invention can be further enhanced by provision of supplemental oxidants during the start-up phase, or by use of a fuel that has a lower autoignition temperature such as hydrogen.
- Preferred supplemental oxidants include supplemental oxygen and nitrous oxide.
- Hydrogen could be provided along with a natural gas stream, and could be provided as shift gas, with carbon monoxide present and carbon dioxide present.
- Start-up oxidants and/or fuels are preferably only used until the combustor has been heated to a temperature sufficient to enable operation with methane (natural gas) as fuel and air as the oxidant (i.e., the combustor has heated to a temperature above the catalyzed autoignition temperature of methane in air).
- US patent 5,255,742 disclosed using an electrical resistance nicrome heater to generate heat for start-up of the flameless combustor. Such an electrical heater may be used in the practice of the present invention.
- Noble metals such as palladium or platinum, or semi-precious metal, base metal or transition metal can be coated, preferably by electroplating, onto a surface within the combustion chamber to enhance oxidation of the fuel at lower temperatures.
- the metal could then be oxidized as necessary to provide a catalytically effective surface.
- Such catalytic surface has been found to be extremely effective in promoting oxidation of methane in air at temperatures as low as 260 °C. This reaction rapidly occurs on the catalytic surface and in the adjacent boundary layer.
- An advantage of having a significant catalytic surface within the combustion chamber is that the temperature range within which the flameless combustor can operate can be significantly increased.
- a thermal reactor was used to establish temperatures at which oxidation reactions would occur with various combinations of fuels, oxidants and catalyst surfaces.
- the reactor was a 2.54 cm stainless steel pipe wrapped with an electrical resistance heating coil, and covered with insulation.
- a thermocouple for temperature control was placed underneath the insulation adjacent to the outer surface of the pipe. Thermocouples were also provided inside the pipe at the inlet, at the middle, and at the outlet. Test ribbons of noble metals or stainless steel strips with noble metal coatings were hung in the pipe to test catalytic activity. Air preheated to a temperature somewhat below the desired temperature of the test was injected into the electrically heated test section of the pipe.
- test section contained a catalyst coated strep or ribbon of noble metal and was at or above the catalyzed autoignition temperature
- the addition of fuel caused a temperature increase at the inside middle and outlet thermocouples. Below the catalyzed autoignition temperature, such a temperature was not observed.
- the test section had to be heated to the autoignition temperature of the fuel before a temperature increase was observed.
- the non-catalyzed and catalyzed autoignition temperatures as measured are summarized in the TABLE, with the measured non-catalyzed or catalyzed autoignition temperature referred to as the measured autoignition temperature.
- a 3.048 m long test combustor was used to test the results of the 2.54 cm reactor in a distributed combustor application.
- a 2.54 cm outer diameter fuel gas line was provided within a 5.08 cm internal diameter combustion line.
- the fuel injection line provided a conduit for fuel to a fuel injection port located near an inlet end of the combustion line.
- the 5.08 cm internal diameter combustion line was placed within an insulated pipe, and thermocouples were placed along the fuel supply line.
- Two different combustion lines were utilized.
- One combustion line was fabricated from a strip of "HAYNES 120" alloy. The strip was electro brush plated on one side with palladium to an average thickness of 0.000254 cm.
- the strip was then break formed, swedged and welded into a 3.048 m long pipe with the palladium coating on the inside surface.
- the other combustion line was a standard 7.62 cm pipe of "HAYNES 120" alloy.
- a "MAXON” burner was used to supply combustion gases to the 3.048 m long combustion pipe, and varying amounts of air and/or other additives are mixed with the exhaust from the "MAXON” burner in a mixing section between the burner and the combustion line.
- three electric heaters, each with its own controller, were placed outside and along the length of the combustion line.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Gas Burners (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Wick-Type Burners And Burners With Porous Materials (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
Claims (19)
- Flammenlose Verbrennungsvorrichtung zur Verbrennung einer Mischung aus einem Brennstoff und einem Oxidationsmittel, welche Verbrennungsvorrichtung aufweist:eine Verbrennungskammer (14) in Verbindung mit einem Einlaß und einem Verbrennungsproduktauslaß (10); undeine Katalysatoroberfläche (20) im Inneren der Verbrennungskammer (14),dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbrennungsvorrichtung ferner eine gemeinsame Brennstoff- und Oxidationsmittelzufuhr (22) in Verbindung mit dem Einlaß aufweist; unddaß die Katalysatoroberfläche (20) eine Oxidation eines Anteiles an Brennstoff bewirkt, wobei die Oxidation des Brennstoffanteiles nicht zu einer Temperatur oberhalb der nicht-katalytischen Selbstentzündungstemperatur der Mischung aus Brennstoff und Oxidationsmittel führt.
- Verbrennungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, bei welcher die Katalysatoroberfläche (20) eine Komponente gewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Edelmetallen, Halbedelmetallen, Übergangsmetalloxiden und deren Mischungen aufweist.
- Verbrennungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, bei welcher die Katalysatoroberfläche (20) Palladium aufweist.
- Verbrennungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, bei welcher die Katalysatoroberfläche (20) Platin aufweist.
- Verbrennungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, ferner mit einem Vorheizabschnitt (22), wobei im Vorheizabschnitt (22) Wärme zwischen der Mischung aus Brennstoff und Oxidationsmittel einerseits und den Verbrennungsprodukten anderseits ausgetauscht werden kann.
- Verbrennungsvorrichtung nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, bei welcher die Verbrennungsvorrichtung zum Erhitzen einer unterirdischen Formation durch Verbrennen einer Mischung aus Brennstoff und Oxidationsmittel ausgebildet ist; wobei die Verbrennungskammer (14) durch zumindest ein Verbrennungsrohr (4, 10) definiert ist, welches in einem Bohrloch im Inneren der zu erhitzenden Formation liegt; und wobei die Verbrennungsvorrichtung einen Verbrennungsgasauslaß (10) im Inneren des Bohrloches aufweist, um eine Strömung von Verbrennungsprodukten zur Oberfläche zu ermöglichen.
- Verbrennungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, bei welcher die Katalysatoroberfläche (20) im Inneren der Verbrennungskammer (14) verteilt ist, um zu einer im wesentlichen konstanten Temperatur im Inneren der Verbrennungskammer (14) zu führen.
- Verbrennungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, bei welcher die Verbrennungskammer (14) durch ein oder mehrere Rohre (4, 10) definiert ist, die im Inneren des Bohrloches angeordnet sind.
- Verbrennungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, bei welcher der Verbrennungsgasauslaß ein Ringraum (22) ist, welcher das Verbrennungsrohr (4) umgibt.
- Verbrennungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, bei welcher der Verbrennungsgasauslaß ein Rohr (10) im Inneren der Verbrennungskammer (14) ist.
- Verbrennungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, bei welcher die Verbrennungskammer (14) ein Ringvolumen zwischen einem Rohr (10) und einer Einfassung (4) aufweist.
- Verbrennungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, bei welcher das Rohr (10) eine Leitung zur Rückführung von Verbrennungsprodukten zu einem Bohrlochkopf ist.
- Verbrennungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, bei welcher das Rohr (10) eine Leitung ist, die einen weiteren Abschnitt der Verbrennungkammer (14) enthält.
- Verbrennungsvorrichtung nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, bei welcher die Katalysatoroberfläche (20) durch eine Katalysatorbeschichtung bereitgestellt ist, die zumindest einen Teil der Innen- und/oder Außenseite eines Rohres (10) im Inneren der Verbrennungskammer (14) bedeckt.
- Verbrennungsvorrichtung nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, bei welcher der Einlaß an einem Ende der Verbrennungskammer (14) und der Auslaß am anderen Ende der Verbrennungskammer liegt.
- Verfahren des Erhitzens einer unterirdischen Formation durch flammenlose Verbrennung, wobei das Verfahren aufweist:Anordnen eines Verbrennungsrohres (10), welches eine unten im Bohrloch liegende Verbrennungskammer (14) definiert, in einem Bohrloch (3) im Inneren der zu erhitzenden Formation (1), und Veranlassen einer Strömung aus Brennstoff und Oxidationsmittel entlang einer Katalysatoroberfläche (20) im Inneren der Verbrennungskammer (14);Zuführen einer Mischung aus Brennstoff und Oxidationsmittel zur Kammer (14) über einen Einlaß;wobei die Katalysatoroberfläche (20) eine Oxidation eines Anteiles an Brennstoff mit einer solchen Rate bewirkt, daß die durchschnittliche Temperatur in der Verbrennungskammer (14) unter der nicht-katalytischen Selbstentzündungstemperatur der Mischung aus Brennstoff und Oxidationsmittel bleibt; undZulassen einer Verbrennungsproduktströmung zur Oberfläche über eine Verbrennungsproduktauslaßleitung (10) im Inneren des Bohrloches (3).
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 16, bei welchem die Verbrennungskammer (14) durch einen unteren Abschnitt einer Bohrlocheinfassung (4) und einen Stopfen (23) in der Nähe des Bodens der Bohrlocheinfassung (4) definiert ist, und die Katalysatoroberfläche (20) durch eine Katalysatorbeschichtung auf der Innen- und/oder Außenseite eines Rohres (10) bereitgestellt wird, welches koaxial im Inneren der Bohrlocheinfassung (4) so abgehängt ist, daß ein Axialabstand zwischen einem unteren Ende des abgehängten Rohres (10) und dem Stopfen (23) aufrechterhalten wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 16, bei welchem das abgehängte Rohr (10) als eine gemeinsame Brennstoff- und Lufteinlaßleitung verwendet wird und der Ringraum (22) zwischen dem Rohr (10) und der Bohrlocheinfassung (4) als eine Verbrennungsproduktauslaßleitung verwendet wird, oder umgekehrt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 16, 17 oder 18, wobei das Verfahren zum Erhitzen einer unterirdischen Ölschieferformation (1) geringer Permeabilität verwendet wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US934495P | 1995-12-27 | 1995-12-27 | |
US9344P | 1995-12-27 | ||
PCT/EP1996/005754 WO1997024510A1 (en) | 1995-12-27 | 1996-12-17 | Flameless combustor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0870101A1 EP0870101A1 (de) | 1998-10-14 |
EP0870101B1 true EP0870101B1 (de) | 1999-08-25 |
Family
ID=21737072
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96944608A Expired - Lifetime EP0870101B1 (de) | 1995-12-27 | 1996-12-17 | Flammenlose verbrennvorrichtung |
Country Status (19)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0870101B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP3825807B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR100440993B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1079884C (de) |
AT (1) | ATE183810T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU713893B2 (de) |
BR (1) | BR9612695A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2240646C (de) |
DE (1) | DE69603979T2 (de) |
DK (1) | DK0870101T3 (de) |
EA (1) | EA000250B1 (de) |
EG (1) | EG20999A (de) |
ES (1) | ES2138842T3 (de) |
GR (1) | GR3031660T3 (de) |
IL (1) | IL124805A (de) |
JO (1) | JO1947B1 (de) |
MA (1) | MA24041A1 (de) |
TR (1) | TR199801221T2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1997024510A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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ATE426731T1 (de) * | 2004-04-23 | 2009-04-15 | Shell Int Research | Elektrobodenheizungen unter verwendung von nitridisolierung |
CN1614189B (zh) * | 2004-10-18 | 2011-03-16 | 魏明 | 石油热采井下燃烧加热方法 |
US9127541B2 (en) * | 2008-11-06 | 2015-09-08 | American Shale Oil, Llc | Heater and method for recovering hydrocarbons from underground deposits |
WO2012060377A1 (ja) * | 2010-11-04 | 2012-05-10 | 株式会社Ihi | 燃焼加熱システム |
US10273790B2 (en) | 2014-01-14 | 2019-04-30 | Precision Combustion, Inc. | System and method of producing oil |
RU2750638C1 (ru) * | 2020-02-28 | 2021-06-30 | Федеральное государственное казенное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Военный учебно-научный центр Военно-Морского Флота "Военно-морская академия имени Адмирала флота Советского Союза Н.Г. Кузнецова" | Устройство для беспламенного получения тепловой энергии из углеводородных топлив |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3817332A (en) * | 1969-12-30 | 1974-06-18 | Sun Oil Co | Method and apparatus for catalytically heating wellbores |
MX3874E (es) * | 1975-12-29 | 1981-08-26 | Engelhard Min & Chem | Mejoras en metodo para iniciar un sistema de combustion utilizando un catalizador |
US4237973A (en) * | 1978-10-04 | 1980-12-09 | Todd John C | Method and apparatus for steam generation at the bottom of a well bore |
US4377205A (en) * | 1981-03-06 | 1983-03-22 | Retallick William B | Low pressure combustor for generating steam downhole |
US4930454A (en) * | 1981-08-14 | 1990-06-05 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Steam generating system |
US4706751A (en) * | 1986-01-31 | 1987-11-17 | S-Cal Research Corp. | Heavy oil recovery process |
-
1996
- 1996-12-17 DE DE69603979T patent/DE69603979T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-17 KR KR10-1998-0704982A patent/KR100440993B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-12-17 TR TR1998/01221T patent/TR199801221T2/xx unknown
- 1996-12-17 JP JP52401197A patent/JP3825807B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-17 BR BR9612695A patent/BR9612695A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-12-17 CN CN96199385A patent/CN1079884C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-17 DK DK96944608T patent/DK0870101T3/da active
- 1996-12-17 WO PCT/EP1996/005754 patent/WO1997024510A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-12-17 CA CA002240646A patent/CA2240646C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-17 ES ES96944608T patent/ES2138842T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-17 AU AU13034/97A patent/AU713893B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-12-17 EP EP96944608A patent/EP0870101B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-17 IL IL12480596A patent/IL124805A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-12-17 AT AT96944608T patent/ATE183810T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-12-17 EA EA199800601A patent/EA000250B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-12-25 MA MA24442A patent/MA24041A1/fr unknown
- 1996-12-26 JO JO19961947A patent/JO1947B1/en active
- 1996-12-26 EG EG119196A patent/EG20999A/xx active
-
1999
- 1999-10-27 GR GR990402749T patent/GR3031660T3/el unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
MA24041A1 (fr) | 1997-07-01 |
EA199800601A1 (ru) | 1998-12-24 |
AU1303497A (en) | 1997-07-28 |
EA000250B1 (ru) | 1999-02-25 |
WO1997024510A1 (en) | 1997-07-10 |
DK0870101T3 (da) | 2000-03-27 |
JO1947B1 (en) | 1997-12-15 |
JP2000503085A (ja) | 2000-03-14 |
CN1079884C (zh) | 2002-02-27 |
EP0870101A1 (de) | 1998-10-14 |
CN1206446A (zh) | 1999-01-27 |
CA2240646A1 (en) | 1997-07-10 |
KR19990076855A (ko) | 1999-10-25 |
ATE183810T1 (de) | 1999-09-15 |
AU713893B2 (en) | 1999-12-16 |
CA2240646C (en) | 2005-03-08 |
DE69603979D1 (de) | 1999-09-30 |
JP3825807B2 (ja) | 2006-09-27 |
BR9612695A (pt) | 1999-08-24 |
TR199801221T2 (xx) | 1998-10-21 |
GR3031660T3 (en) | 2000-02-29 |
EG20999A (en) | 2000-09-30 |
KR100440993B1 (ko) | 2004-11-06 |
IL124805A (en) | 2001-01-28 |
IL124805A0 (en) | 1999-01-26 |
ES2138842T3 (es) | 2000-01-16 |
DE69603979T2 (de) | 2000-04-06 |
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