EP0869841A1 - Foam generating device - Google Patents

Foam generating device

Info

Publication number
EP0869841A1
EP0869841A1 EP97931836A EP97931836A EP0869841A1 EP 0869841 A1 EP0869841 A1 EP 0869841A1 EP 97931836 A EP97931836 A EP 97931836A EP 97931836 A EP97931836 A EP 97931836A EP 0869841 A1 EP0869841 A1 EP 0869841A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
gas
liquid
foam
venturi
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97931836A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0869841B1 (en
Inventor
Christophe Klein
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Heurtaux SAS
Original Assignee
Heurtaux SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR9608162A external-priority patent/FR2750347A1/en
Priority claimed from FR9700690A external-priority patent/FR2758476A1/en
Application filed by Heurtaux SAS filed Critical Heurtaux SAS
Publication of EP0869841A1 publication Critical patent/EP0869841A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0869841B1 publication Critical patent/EP0869841B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/312—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof
    • B01F25/3124—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof characterised by the place of introduction of the main flow
    • B01F25/31243—Eductor or eductor-type venturi, i.e. the main flow being injected through the venturi with high speed in the form of a jet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/0018—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with devices for making foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/311—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows for mixing more than two components; Devices specially adapted for generating foam
    • B01F25/3111—Devices specially adapted for generating foam, e.g. air foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/312—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof
    • B01F25/3124—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof characterised by the place of introduction of the main flow
    • B01F25/31241—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof characterised by the place of introduction of the main flow the main flow being injected in the circumferential area of the venturi, creating an aspiration in the central part of the conduit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F31/00—Mixers with shaking, oscillating, or vibrating mechanisms
    • B01F31/80—Mixing by means of high-frequency vibrations above one kHz, e.g. ultrasonic vibrations
    • B01F31/86—Mixing by means of high-frequency vibrations above one kHz, e.g. ultrasonic vibrations with vibration of the receptacle or part of it
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0425—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid without any source of compressed gas, e.g. the air being sucked by the pressurised liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0441—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber
    • B05B7/0458—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber the gas and liquid flows being perpendicular just upstream the mixing chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/24—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device
    • B05B7/2489—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device an atomising fluid, e.g. a gas, being supplied to the discharge device
    • B05B7/2494—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device an atomising fluid, e.g. a gas, being supplied to the discharge device a liquid being supplied from a pressurized or compressible container to the discharge device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/235—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids for making foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/312—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof
    • B01F25/3125—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof characteristics of the Venturi parts
    • B01F25/31253—Discharge
    • B01F25/312533—Constructional characteristics of the diverging discharge conduit or barrel, e.g. with zones of changing conicity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
    • B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
    • B05B17/06—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
    • Y10S261/26—Foam
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
    • Y10S261/75—Flowing liquid aspirates gas

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a device for generating foam and an apparatus making it possible to produce a foam, an aerosol, an emulsion or bubbles, comprising a nozzle for introducing the liquid, coaxial with a venturi stage comprising a convergent disposed opposite the nozzle, and a gas inlet coaxial to the corresponding nozzle with the convergent and a divergent
  • Foam production systems are used for example, to apply an active product to a surface to be cleaned, degrease, sanitize and depollute. chemically deactivate or neutralize
  • Foam generation systems have evolved in recent years with the introduction of systems allowing, in particular the simultaneous introduction of gas and liquid into a liquid-gas-liquid dispersion space which can be adjustable to modify the proportion of gas introduced as decnt in WO 9531287 Even if the proportion of gas can thus be significant, there is no action of division of the bubbles by cavitation and their size remains visible to the naked eye
  • the outlet nozzle is adapted to atomize the fluid by increasing the parameters of pressure and speed of the fluid, which leads to a lowering of the static pressure, the potential energy of the static pressure thus being transformed into kinetic energy.
  • the present invention relates to the formation of a foam of minimum density, as homogeneous as possible, using the cavitation phenomenon which was avoided in the prior art.
  • the system operating values are greater than 90% of gas volume in the final mixture.
  • the device for forming foam by the Ventu ⁇ effect, mixing a product in the liquid phase and a product in the gaseous phase comprising a nozzle for introducing the liquid, coaxial with a venturi stage comprising a convergent disposed opposite the nozzle.
  • the neck of which is of diameter “D” and a gas inlet coaxial with the nozzle corresponding to the converging, the gas being sucked in by a ventu ⁇ effect in a divergent and directed onto a mixing chamber connected to a kind of foam is characterized in that the divergent part of the venturi comprises at at least two zones of progressive horns with ruptures between the zones causing with the determined shape of the venturi a cavitation and opens into a chamber of turbulence
  • the device uses the difference in kinetic energy between that of the free incident liquid jet emitted by the nozzle, causing a conical dispersion which comes into contact with the neck diameter convergent "D" which decreases the speed of the liquid-gas mixture by lowering its pressure, and that of the lower pressure liquid-gas mixture stored as potential energy in the gas bubbles during suction in the jet and compression in the convergent of the venturi
  • This energy is released in the form of energy of cavitation in the divergent venturi comprising sections of progressive conicts which creates the phenomenon of cavitation due to the excess of gas in the liquid associated with the increase of the static pressure and the decrease of the speed of the fluid in the divergent and in the turbulence chamber located downstream of the divergent II a turbulent zone in the divergent is formed, by the tears of conicity put in cavitation waves which causes the division of bubbles up to submillimetric dimensions If active products and in particular surfactants are used in suitable concentration in the liquid-gas mixture, a foam of very low density is
  • the present invention uses a nozzle creating a free jet of low conicity a convergent neck adapted to the dimension of this jet followed by a divergent L assembly allows to create a gas suction upstream of the neck by Ventu ⁇ effect and to create with the gas thus sucks the conditions of a cavitation on your walls of divergent divergence Unlike other uses already de ⁇ rtes, this divergent forms wall of entry and creation of turbulence for a chamber of turbulence
  • An object of the present invention is a device for producing low density foam, therefore containing a high proportion of gas and a large contact surface. with the surface on which it is dispersed at the outlet of the system. It uses the forces generated by cavrtantes depressions. same controlled in a stabilization chamber, to atomize the liquid by projecting it.
  • the present invention further relates to an autonomous foam generation apparatus using the above device, which achieves homogeneity and reduced dimensions of bubbles allowing the active product to have a contact surface and an action brought to levels never reached. by conventional foam production systems.
  • Another object of the present invention is the production of a two-phase mixture in which the size of the bubbles is as small as possible, that is to say in all cases with a diameter of 20 microns.
  • the coupling of the cavitation, the turbulent flow and possibly the energy supply in the form of ultrasound allows maximum division of the gas bubbles present in the fluid and the formation of a stable foam at the outlet of said bedroom.
  • the device in addition to the formation of foam, makes it possible to mix and dose an incident fluid under pressure with a sucked gas, to generate bubbles, aerosols or emulsions.
  • the adaptation of the system is perfectly carried out if the vacuum measured upstream from the neck of said nozzle outside the incident free jet at high pressure is, (for example), greater than 1 bar or more generally close to the maximum for the fluid considered.
  • the distance between the outlet of the nozzle and the neck has an influence on the size of the gas cavities admitted into the Venturi and the quantity of gas admitted, it will be comp ⁇ se according to the invention between 2.d and 20.d (if the we call "d" the nozzle outlet diameter), the diameter D of the neck will be comp ⁇ s according to the length of said free jet between 1 d and 4.d.
  • FIG. 3 an external view of an embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 an embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention, seen in partial section, using a pyrotechnic charge
  • a nozzle 1 is adapted to disperse a fluid according to the flow and pressure parameters determined according to a cone of angle at the apex of low value ( ⁇ 20 °) and receives the fluid under a high inlet pressure through a supply channel 9
  • the active element comprises two ultrasonic wave generators 10 positioned radially on the turbulence chamber 4
  • the divergent comprises three zones of increasing conicities 14 15, 16, the first zone 14 having an angle a ⁇ comp ⁇ s between 0 and 10 °
  • the second zone 15 has an angle u2 greater by at least 5 ° than the angle u1 presented by the first zone, so that the lines of separation of the zones are located at distances between 2D and 4D for the line 14,15, and between 5D and 8D for the line 15, 16 with respect to the line X, 14, materializing the exit from the X neck of conicity 0 °
  • the third zone 16 has an angle at the top u3 at least 15 ° greater than the value of the angle ⁇ 1 and inferior to the value of the angle al plus 35 ° and is of a length less than 20D
  • the divergent 13 preferably comprises surface discontinuities such as scratches or squares
  • the mixing chamber adjustable in length by a thread 21 is of a length greater than 20D and leads to the outlet by a conduit (20)
  • the fluid constitutes one or more active ingredient (s), in solution or not, in emulsion or not, containing or not a solvent or any other liquid endowed with specific physicochemical characteristics. or adapted to a given application, is ejected in coaxial jet to the Ventu ⁇ 22 tube
  • the mixing of the two phases is carried out in a free jet, that is to say that the static pressure exerted by the gas on the jet is that of the gas entering the slots
  • Figure 2 shows the detail of a preferred embodiment of the divergent Ventun according to the invention. This embodiment includes three successive tapers of increasing angle value at the top: ai. u 2. ⁇ 3.
  • FIG. 3 represents a device which does not include an ultrasonic exciter but which, as in FIG. 1, has a gas suction opening in the form of a circular slot.
  • the increase in the gas inlet pressure helps to a certain extent in increasing the proportion of gases admitted into the neck 2.
  • the gas is air and the incident jet is an aqueous solution at the aforementioned high pressure
  • pressurizing the incident gas to 10 bars results in a gain of at least 50% in the quantity of gas admitted.
  • its effect on the free jet becomes neutral then disruptive, being able to cause phenomena of turbulence in the convergent 18 and even phenomena of cavitation at the level of the neck for high gas and incident jet pressures which is undesirable.
  • the conformation of the divergent and the turbulence chamber generate a significant depression upstream of the venturi which allows the foam production system to function very well and is already clearly superior to other systems even without gas overpressure
  • the advantage according to the invention of the introduction of the gases is to introduce by this means at input 3, gases having an action or an activity specific to the application of the process
  • gases having an action or an activity specific to the application of the process For example, it is possible to use ozone in a sanitizing application or even in certain cases of pollution control, halon gases may be used in a fire-fighting application or nitrogen or even nitrous oxide in a food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical emulston application.
  • the cavities are subjected to static pressure and are shaped into bubbles, but without cavitation phenomenon due to the increase in the speed of the fluid.
  • the static pressure has decreased and the speed of the mixture has increased compared to the entry of the jet into the Venturi: the speed of the mixture must be greater than a certain limit directly dependent on the Reynolds number which defines the nature of the fluid.
  • the Reynolds number is given by the formula:
  • mixing takes place at the pressure of introduction of the free jet gases and the cavitation precursors are formed by transformation of the kinetic energy of the incident fluid into potential static compression energy at the moment when the free jet contacts the Venturi converging 18. it is this energy returned in cavitation energy on the walls of the divergent 15,16 which generates a chaotic regime in the chamber 4.
  • the operating criterion of the device is that the flow comes out non-turbulent at the neck 2 (with a Reynolds number between 2300 and 3000) and allows cavitation in the divergent 13. Furthermore, the proportion of gas by volume can exceed 50 % and even reach or even exceed 80% in some cases.
  • the changes in taper or discontinuity of the divergent 17 cause the formation of turbulences which contribute to the slowing down of the fluid and favor the cavrtation which occurs firstly along the walls where the static pressure rises faster.
  • the potential energy stored by the bubbles in the passage of the Ventu ⁇ is restored during cavitation in the turbulent medium in the form of shock waves.
  • the kinetic energy thus released propagates the phenomenon of cavrtation, atomizes the liquid and allows the obtaining of submillimetric bubbles.
  • the angle at the apex “1 of the first section 14 of the diverging portion must remain below 10 °.
  • This angle is constant over said section, or varies continuously between 0 ° and the value retained below 10 ° in order to avoid or reduce maximum the cavrtation phenomenon at this location, which would not allow the device to be optimized
  • the angle at the top u2 of the second section 15 must be at least 10 ° greater than that mentioned for the first section so that the phenomenon cavitation is maximum at this location
  • the apex angle ⁇ 3 of the third section 16 must for the same reasons be at least 10 ° greater than that of the section 15
  • the outlet 20 from the chamber 4 is coaxial with the neck 2 Whatever the fluid used, there is formation at the outlet of the divergent 13 of bubbles of very small sizes, in the case of a non-reactive fluid or little surfactant, these bubbles disappear very quickly as soon as they leave the chamber, and even if the effect of cavitation causes molecular breaks and favese your creation of free radicals, the product will leave the system in almost liquid form or return in this form very quickly when the mixture is dispersed in free jet
  • the micro-bubbles formed by this process form a very light foam having very good tixotropic qualities but also very homogeneous and retain these properties even after dispersion in the open air.
  • a foam containing surfactants in sufficient quantity typically
  • the essential characteristic of the foam formed according to the invention is the formation of microscopic or even micronic bubbles at the level of chamber 4 This distinctive property makes it possible, during the diffusion of the product by a nozzle adapted, not to disperse droplets as most of the systems but to ensure your diffusion of small bubbles and even in most cases of heaps of micro-bubbles These naturally tend to open air to expand and regroup But I homogeneity and the large contact surface produced by the foam allows the active products a reinforced and almost instantaneous action in particular, with regard to the actions of ionic compounds of polar compounds and of surfactants This property is preserved for several minutes if the thickness of foam spread per unit of area is sufficient compared to the quantity of product to be treated per quantity of surface, in fact the reaction of an active compound d u sparkling mixture and in particular, a surfactant with the medium to be treated leads to the disappearance of the bubbles concerned by this reaction this phenomenon is easily visualized by a user of the apparatus or of the process and allows him to agree on the parts to be treated because dirt
  • the length of the section 14 of the diverging part is 1.5 to 5 times the diameter D of the neck 2, it is however possible to extend this portion, up to 30 times this length, if the 'application requires it, provided that the angle of this conicity is continuously variable between 0 ° and the selected value less than 10 ° at the exit of this section and this in order to limit in this phase the cavrtation phenomenon.
  • their preferred production length will be from 1 to 6 times the diameter of the neck 2 for the part marked 15 in FIG. 1 and less than 30 times this same diameter for the part 16, however these values being adapted according to the first use of the invention concerning aqueous solutions, different lengths can be envisaged for other fluids or mixtures of emulsion type
  • the diverging part 13 comprises three zones of increasing conicts with zone breaks
  • the diverging part can also have a number of zones different from three, the angles of the conicity zones will continuously vary and the ruptures be softened.
  • outlet section 20 will be sized according to the area of the neck 2 to have a surface area between 1, 2 and 3 times the area of said neck, higher values can be considered for high concentrations of surfactants and a quantity of gas higher per unit of liquid volume
  • the preferential flow of the fluid leaving the first section is laminar along the walls
  • this portion of the fluid is then subjected to a high static pressure due to the angle of this portion of the diverging portion and to turbulence which help to decrease the speed
  • the mixture near said wall is then in ideal cavitation conditions.
  • the gas bubbles implode, releasing the energy stored during their training at the entrance to the Ventu ⁇ .
  • This release of energy leads to the disappearance of bubbles and the formation of micro-bubbles, moreover it can break atomic or molecular bonds.
  • the metal of the walls is then subjected to the combination of violent shock waves and electrochemical couples. important It is necessary to guarantee a prolonged good operation of the device operating according to the present invention that the mechanical part forming Ventun is made of a metal or any other material resistant to this phenomenon.
  • An alloy based on special cast iron or steel trarte can commonly obtain more than a year in continuous operation without significant deterioration in the quality or activity of the foam produced
  • the cavitation phenomenon of essentially producing near the walls, the atomization of the bubbles and the resulting liquid have essentially radial components which ensure a chaotic movement of the central part of the chamber 4, moreover, the cavrtation generates waves ultrasound reflected by the walls and whose energy is absorbed by the mixture and participates in chaotic mixing
  • the pressure can be generated by various means such as a pressurized gas tank, a pyrotechnic generator or a steam generator
  • FIG. 4 One of the embodiments is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4
  • the operation is obtained by action of a pyrotechnic charge in the chamber 25 which generates by the chamber 24 the quantity of gas required and allows the active products contained to be mixed in the casing 26 with the liquid contained in the chamber 23
  • the liquid is contained in a reservoir 23 whose wall is thick enough to undergo a notable increase in pressure
  • the chamber 25 has openings adapted to deliver a nominal pressure, which allows the establishment of a rapid combustion regime at high pressure ensuring the combustion of the entire product, the high pressure gases are released into the chamber 24.
  • This tank comprises, at its upper part a valve 37 allowing the liquid to be purged or mixed by admitting air from a gas tank under pressure
  • the active products are contained in the tearable envelope 26 in the form of powder or liquid.
  • the envelope 26 is made of a material which, by the play of variable thicknesses or fragile points on its surface, makes it possible to ensure the rupture of the seal in order to facilitate the passage of the liquid and to optimize the mixing and diluting the produrt in the liquid.
  • These products can be left immersed in the liquid in the reservoir 23.
  • the liquid can be discharged into the venturi tube 22 via a pipe 34 through a thermostatic mixing valve 33
  • the valve 33 makes it possible to maintain an almost constant temperature during of use
  • pressure regulators 31, 32 are mounted in bypass on the valve 33 so that the temperature and the pressure of the liquid are controlled.
  • the volume of foam leaving the device is approximately five times higher than in the devices currently in use
  • the opening of the lance outlet 35 causes the liquid ⁇ ui to move around the casing 26 in a helical movement promoting heat exchange
  • This embodiment can also be provided with a device for pressurizing the gases to supply the inlet of the ventu ⁇ and adapt the nature of the gas to the desired action.
  • the device can be fitted with a quick coupling fitted with a valve 38 calibrated in pressure to ensure gas feeding at the inlet of the venturi, of the pressure regulator 40 through the pipe 39
  • the present invention also relates to an apparatus for dispersing macrobubbles of gas in a liquid by also using the device dec ⁇ t above.
  • the venturi is placed in a liquid line 25
  • the main applications of the process concern the use as water fluid with a sufficient percentage of active products for specific actions:
  • Detergent products whether or not mixed with solvents of all types depending on the application, with an advantage given, according to the invention, to polar or ionic compounds as well as to surfactants for cleaning applications,
  • Pollution neutralization products and in particular enzymes or proteins specific to certain chemical actions on organic products and which can preferably be mixed, according to the invention, with solvents and destructuring products (in the event of polyme ⁇ sée pollution) or surfactants
  • Another application of the device is to use its low pressure capacity which can be greater than 1 bar. Such a device therefore becomes the pnn ⁇ pal element of a pump.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/FR97/01167 Sec. 371 Date Feb. 26, 1998 Sec. 102(e) Date Feb. 26, 1998 PCT Filed Jul. 1, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO98/00227 PCT Pub. Date Jan. 8, 1998A device for generating foam by the Venturi effect mixes liquid and gaseous phases. The device has a liquid insertion nozzle on the same axis as a Venturi stage having a converging portion disposed facing the nozzle, a throat of diameter "D", and a gas inlet coaxial with the nozzle and in communication with the converging portion. In operation, the gas is sucked in by the Venturi effect and directed towards a mixing chamber connected to a foam outlet. Mixing between the two phases takes place in a free jet, and the diverging portion of the Venturi has at least three zones of progressive cone angles, with discontinuities between the zones giving rise to a cavitation phenomenon, and opening out into a turbulent chamber.

Description

DISPOSITIF DE GENERATION DE MOUSSE FOAM GENERATION DEVICE
La présente invention a pour objet un dispositif de génération de mousse et un appareil permettant de produire une mousse, un aérosol une emulsion ou des bulles, comprenant une buse d'introduction du liquide, coaxiale a un étage venturi comprenant un convergent dispose en regard de la buse, et une entrée de gaz coaxiale a la buse correspondant avec le convergent et un divergentThe subject of the present invention is a device for generating foam and an apparatus making it possible to produce a foam, an aerosol, an emulsion or bubbles, comprising a nozzle for introducing the liquid, coaxial with a venturi stage comprising a convergent disposed opposite the nozzle, and a gas inlet coaxial to the corresponding nozzle with the convergent and a divergent
De multiples systèmes sont utilisés pour fabnquer de la mousse pour diverses applications où les propriétés physiques (faible densité et grande surface de contact, qualrtes tixotropiques) apportent une amélioration notable aux qualités intnnseques du produit dispense sous forme liquide Des systèmes de production de mousse sont utilises par exemple, pour appliquer un produit actif sur une surface a nettoyer, dégraisser aseptiser depolluer. desactiver chimiquement ou neutraliserMultiple systems are used to manufacture foam for various applications where the physical properties (low density and large contact surface, tixotropic qualities) bring a significant improvement to the internal qualities of the product dispensed in liquid form Foam production systems are used for example, to apply an active product to a surface to be cleaned, degrease, sanitize and depollute. chemically deactivate or neutralize
Dans toutes les applications utilisant une mousse, il est toujours recherche une réduction de la dimension des bulles a proportion égale de gaz dans le liquide, cette diminution de la taille des bulles augmentant la surface de contact avec le milieu a traiter, par unité de masse du produit actif. De nombreux systèmes de dispersion de mousse utilisent une buse qui atomise le produit en sortie de l'appareil et provoque un effet moussant par la projection a vitesse élevée d un grand nombre de fines gouttelettes contenant un produit moussant à l'impactIn all applications using a foam, it is always sought to reduce the size of the bubbles with an equal proportion of gas in the liquid, this reduction in the size of the bubbles increasing the contact surface with the medium to be treated, per unit of mass. of the active product. Many foam dispersion systems use a nozzle which atomizes the product leaving the device and causes a foaming effect by the projection at high speed of a large number of fine droplets containing a foaming product on impact
Les systèmes de génération de mousse ont évolue dans les dernières années avec l'introduction de systèmes permettant, en particulier l'introduction simultanée de gaz et de liquide dans un espace de dispersion liquide-gaz-liquide qui peut être réglable pour modifier la proportion de gaz introduit comme decnt dans WO 9531287 Même si la proportion de gaz peut ainsi être significative, il n'y a aucune action de division des bulles par cavitation et leur dimension reste visible a l'oeil nuFoam generation systems have evolved in recent years with the introduction of systems allowing, in particular the simultaneous introduction of gas and liquid into a liquid-gas-liquid dispersion space which can be adjustable to modify the proportion of gas introduced as decnt in WO 9531287 Even if the proportion of gas can thus be significant, there is no action of division of the bubbles by cavitation and their size remains visible to the naked eye
D'autres , par exemple US-A- 5 085 371, font appel a des éléments mécaniques sous forme d'obstacles (une gnlle dans le document cité) ou de guides destinés à créer un régime tourbillonnaire et non laminaire favorisant le mélange gaz-liquideOthers, for example US-A-5 085 371, use mechanical elements in the form of obstacles (a gnlle in the cited document) or guides intended to create a vortex and non-laminar regime favoring the gas mixture. liquid
En fart, l'efficacité d'un tel système peut être facilement et complètement vérifiée par le pourcentage de produit actif nécessaire en solution pour accomplir une action donnée qui peut être quantifiée par unité de surface Ces solutions bien qu'améliorant de façon sensible la production de mousse par rapport à des systèmes plus primitifs ne réalisent pas un mélange et une finesse optimaux des bulles de gaz dans le liquideIn wax, the effectiveness of such a system can be easily and completely verified by the percentage of active product required in solution to accomplish a given action which can be quantified per unit area. These solutions, although appreciably improving the production of foam compared to more primitive systems, do not achieve optimal mixing and fineness of the gas bubbles in the liquid.
De plus, dans le cas d'utilisation d'une buse d'atomisaton, la mousse est toujours formée après la sortie du système ce qui induit une formation des bulles sous une pression statique atmosphérique et donc des dimensions de bulles importantes et la surface de contact et l'activité tensioactive de la mousse ne peut être optimisée Dans la plupart des systèmes de lavage utilisés, la buse de sortie est adaptée pour atomiser le fluide en augmentant les paramètres de pression et vitesse du fluide, ce qui conduit à un abaissement de la pression statique, l'énergie potentielle de la pression statique étant ainsi transformée en énergie cinétique.In addition, when using an atomizing nozzle, the foam is always formed after leaving the system, which induces the formation of bubbles under atmospheric static pressure and therefore large bubble dimensions and the surface of contact and the surface-active activity of the foam cannot be optimized In most of the washing systems used, the outlet nozzle is adapted to atomize the fluid by increasing the parameters of pressure and speed of the fluid, which leads to a lowering of the static pressure, the potential energy of the static pressure thus being transformed into kinetic energy.
Quand un fluide liquide-gaz passe dans le divergent, sa vitesse diminue et les conditions de pression statique dépassent une certaine valeur, les bulles de gaz ne peuvent plus continuer leur expansion, sous l'effet de la pression elles implosent alors et se divisent en plusieurs cavités de dimensions très inféneures Cette implosion s'accompagne d'ondes de choc très importantes comparées avec les dimensions des cavités liées à une vitesse élevée des parois de ces mêmes cavités Ce phénomène a été étudié en détail par Hamitt, « Cavitation and Multi-phaseWhen a liquid-gas fluid passes through the divergent, its speed decreases and the static pressure conditions exceed a certain value, the gas bubbles can no longer continue their expansion, under the effect of the pressure they then implode and divide into several cavities of very minor dimensions This implosion is accompanied by very large shock waves compared with the dimensions of the cavities linked to a high speed of the walls of these same cavities This phenomenon has been studied in detail by Hamitt, "Cavitation and Multi- phase
Phenomena », Mac-Graw Hill 1980. En particulier, il décrit les phénomènes de cavitation dans un divergent conique d'un tube de venturi Mais dans la plupart des utilisations existantes, ce phénomène doit être évité sinon il nuit au bon fonctionnementdes buses.Phenomena ", Mac-Graw Hill 1980. In particular, it describes the phenomena of cavitation in a conical divergence of a venturi tube. But in most of the existing uses, this phenomenon must be avoided otherwise it affects the proper functioning of the nozzles.
La présente invention a pour objet la formation d'une mousse d'une densité minimale, la plus homogène possible, utilisant le phénomène de cavitation qui était évité dans la technique anténeure. Avec un fluide contenant un produit tensioactif moussant, les valeurs de bon fonctionnement du système sont supérieures à 90% de volume gazeux dans le mélange final.The present invention relates to the formation of a foam of minimum density, as homogeneous as possible, using the cavitation phenomenon which was avoided in the prior art. With a fluid containing a foaming surfactant, the system operating values are greater than 90% of gas volume in the final mixture.
Selon I invention, le dispositif de formation de mousse par effet Ventuπ, mélangeant un produit en phase liquide et un produit en phase gazeuse, comprenant une buse d'introduction du liquide, coaxiale à un étage venturi comprenant un convergent disposé en regard de la buse, dont le col est de diamètre « D » et une entrée de gaz coaxiale à la buse correspondant avec le convergent, le gaz étant aspiré par effet ventuπ dans un divergent et dirigé sur une chambre de mélange connectée à une sorte de mousse, est caractérisé en ce que le divergent du venturi comprend au moins deux zones de cornettes progressives avec des ruptures entre les zones provoquant avec la forme déterminée du venturi une cavitation et débouche dans une chambre de turbulencesAccording to the invention, the device for forming foam by the Ventuπ effect, mixing a product in the liquid phase and a product in the gaseous phase, comprising a nozzle for introducing the liquid, coaxial with a venturi stage comprising a convergent disposed opposite the nozzle. , the neck of which is of diameter “D” and a gas inlet coaxial with the nozzle corresponding to the converging, the gas being sucked in by a ventuπ effect in a divergent and directed onto a mixing chamber connected to a kind of foam, is characterized in that the divergent part of the venturi comprises at at least two zones of progressive horns with ruptures between the zones causing with the determined shape of the venturi a cavitation and opens into a chamber of turbulence
Le dispositif utilise la différence d'énergie cinétique entre celle du jet liquide incident libre émis par la buse, provoquant une dispersion conique qui entre en contact avec le convergent de diametrede col « D » ce qui diminue la vitesse du mélange liquide- gaz en abaissant sa pression, et celle du mélange liquide-gaz a plus basse pression stockée sous forme d'énergie potentielle dans les bulles de gaz lors de l'aspiration dans le jet et de la compression dans le convergent du venturi Cette énergie est libérée sous forme d'énergie de cavitation dans le divergent du venturi comprenant des sections de conicrtes progressives ce qui crée le phénomène de cavitation dû a I excès de gaz dans le liquide associe a l'augmentation de la pression statique et a la diminutionde la vitesse du fluide dans le divergent et dans la chambre de turbulences disposée en aval du divergent II se forme, par les ruptures de conicite, une zone turbulente dans le divergent qui est de plus soumise aux ondes de cavitation ce qui provoque la division des bulles jusqu'à des dimensions submillimetπques Si des produits actifs et en particulier tensioactifs sont utilise en concentration adaptée dans le mélange liquide-gaz on obtient une mousse de densité très faible, les produits chimiques actifs ayant ete soumis aux forces de cavitation et par suite étant fortement ionises et polanses avec une surface de contact importante due a la finesse des bulles ce qui confère au mélange une activité exceptionnelle, résultant de ce que, lors de I application du mélange a l'aide d'une buse, le jet est en fart constitue d'amas de bullesThe device uses the difference in kinetic energy between that of the free incident liquid jet emitted by the nozzle, causing a conical dispersion which comes into contact with the neck diameter convergent "D" which decreases the speed of the liquid-gas mixture by lowering its pressure, and that of the lower pressure liquid-gas mixture stored as potential energy in the gas bubbles during suction in the jet and compression in the convergent of the venturi This energy is released in the form of energy of cavitation in the divergent venturi comprising sections of progressive conicts which creates the phenomenon of cavitation due to the excess of gas in the liquid associated with the increase of the static pressure and the decrease of the speed of the fluid in the divergent and in the turbulence chamber located downstream of the divergent II a turbulent zone in the divergent is formed, by the tears of conicity put in cavitation waves which causes the division of bubbles up to submillimetric dimensions If active products and in particular surfactants are used in suitable concentration in the liquid-gas mixture, a foam of very low density is obtained, the active chemicals having been subjected to the forces of cavitation and consequently being strongly ionized and polanses with a large contact surface due to the fineness of the bubbles which gives the mixture an exceptional activity, resulting from that, during the application of the mixture to the using a nozzle, the jet is wax made up of bubbles
La présente invention utilise une buse créant un jet libre de faible conicite un col convergent adapte a la dimension de ce jet suivi d'un divergent L ensemble permet de créer une aspiration de gaz en amont du col par effet Ventuπ et de créer avec le gaz ainsi aspire les conditions d'une cavitation sur tes parois dudrt divergent Au contraire des autres utilisations déjà deσrtes, ce divergent forme paroi d'entrée et de création de turbulences pour une chambre de turbulencesThe present invention uses a nozzle creating a free jet of low conicity a convergent neck adapted to the dimension of this jet followed by a divergent L assembly allows to create a gas suction upstream of the neck by Ventuπ effect and to create with the gas thus sucks the conditions of a cavitation on your walls of divergent divergence Unlike other uses already deσrtes, this divergent forms wall of entry and creation of turbulence for a chamber of turbulence
Ladite chambre peut être avantageusement équipée d'un dispositif permettant d'exciter le mélange qu'elle contient avec des ondes ultrasonores dans la chambre de turbulencesSaid chamber can advantageously be equipped with a device making it possible to excite the mixture which it contains with ultrasonic waves in the turbulence chamber
Un objet de la présente invention est un dispositif de production de mousse de faible densité, donc contenant une forte proportion de gaz et une grande surface de contact avec la surface sur laquelle elle est dispersée en sortie du système. Elle utilise les forces générées par les dépressions cavrtantes. mêmes contrôlées dans une chambre de stabilisation, pour atomiser le liquide en le projetant.An object of the present invention is a device for producing low density foam, therefore containing a high proportion of gas and a large contact surface. with the surface on which it is dispersed at the outlet of the system. It uses the forces generated by cavrtantes depressions. same controlled in a stabilization chamber, to atomize the liquid by projecting it.
La présente invention concerne en outre un appareil autonome de génération de mousse utilisant le dispositif ci-dessus, qui atteint une homogénéité et des dimensions réduites de bulles permettant au produit actif d'avoir une surface de contact et une action portées à des niveaux jamais atteints par les systèmes de production de mousse conventionnels.The present invention further relates to an autonomous foam generation apparatus using the above device, which achieves homogeneity and reduced dimensions of bubbles allowing the active product to have a contact surface and an action brought to levels never reached. by conventional foam production systems.
Un autre objet de la présente invention est la production d'un mélange diphasique dans lequel la taille des bulles soit ta plus petite possible, c'est-à-dire dans tous les cas d'un diamètre tnféπeur à 20 microns. Le couplage de la cavitation, de l'écoulement turbulent et éventuellement de l'apport d'énergie sous forme d'ultrasons permet une division maximale des bulles de gaz présent dans le fluide et la formation d'une mousse stable à la sortie de ladite chambre. Le dispositif, outre la formation de mousse permet de mélanger et de doser un fluide incident sous pression avec un gaz aspiré, de générer des bulles, des aérosols ou des emulsions.Another object of the present invention is the production of a two-phase mixture in which the size of the bubbles is as small as possible, that is to say in all cases with a diameter of 20 microns. The coupling of the cavitation, the turbulent flow and possibly the energy supply in the form of ultrasound allows maximum division of the gas bubbles present in the fluid and the formation of a stable foam at the outlet of said bedroom. The device, in addition to the formation of foam, makes it possible to mix and dose an incident fluid under pressure with a sucked gas, to generate bubbles, aerosols or emulsions.
Le volume du mélange augmentant très sensiblement au passage dans ladite chambre et sa vitesse sensiblement, il est nécessaire d'adapter sur l'arrivée haute pression une canalisation de retour qui permet une adaptation automatique du système, par régulation de débit, ladite régulation étant en soi connue.The volume of the mixture increasing very appreciably as it passes through said chamber and its speed appreciably, it is necessary to adapt a return line on the high pressure inlet which allows automatic adaptation of the system, by flow regulation, said regulation being self known.
L'adaptation du système est parfaitement réalisée si la dépression mesurée en amont du col de ladite tuyère en dehors du jet libre incident à haute pression est, (par exemple), supérieure à 1 bar ou plus généralement voisine du maximumpour le fluide considéré. La distance entre la sortie de la buse et le col a une influence sur la taille des cavités gazeuses admises dans le Venturi et la quantité de gaz admis, elle sera compπse selon l'invention entre 2.d et 20.d (si l'on appelle « d » le diamètre de sortie de la buse), le diamètre D du col sera compπs selon la longueur dudit jet libre entre 1 d et 4.d.The adaptation of the system is perfectly carried out if the vacuum measured upstream from the neck of said nozzle outside the incident free jet at high pressure is, (for example), greater than 1 bar or more generally close to the maximum for the fluid considered. The distance between the outlet of the nozzle and the neck has an influence on the size of the gas cavities admitted into the Venturi and the quantity of gas admitted, it will be compπse according to the invention between 2.d and 20.d (if the we call "d" the nozzle outlet diameter), the diameter D of the neck will be compπs according to the length of said free jet between 1 d and 4.d.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront au cours de la description qui va suivre d'un exemple de réalisation particulier donné uniquementà titre d'exemple non limitatif en regard des figures qui représentent :Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear during the following description of a particular embodiment given only by way of nonlimiting example with reference to the figures which represent:
- La figure 1 , un mode de réalisation de l'invention vue en coupe ;- Figure 1, an embodiment of the invention seen in section;
- la figure 2, le détail de réalisation du divergent du Venturi ; - la figure 3, une vue exténeure d'une réalisation de l'appareil selon l'invention,- Figure 2, the detail of the divergent embodiment of the Venturi; FIG. 3, an external view of an embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention,
- la figure 4, un mode de réalisation d'un appareil selon l'invention, vu en coupe partielle, utilisant une charge pyrotechnique,FIG. 4, an embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention, seen in partial section, using a pyrotechnic charge,
- la figure 5, un exemple d'application de l'invention à la production de micro-bulles- Figure 5, an example of application of the invention to the production of micro-bubbles
Dans la réalisation de l'invention schématisée sur la figure 1 , une buse 1 est adaptée pour disperser un fluide selon les paramètres de débit et de pression déterminés selon un cône d'angle au sommet de valeur faible (<20°) et reçoit le fluide sous une pression d'arrivée élevée par un canal d'alimentation 9 Dans cet exemple, on pourra retenir une valeur de 100 bars a titre indicatif mais non limitatif des valeurs compnses entre 20 et 500 bars pouvant être spécifiques dans diverses applications Sur ta figure 1 l'élément actif comporte deux générateurs d'ondes ultrasonores 10 positionnes radiaiementsur la chambre de turbulences 4In the embodiment of the invention shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1, a nozzle 1 is adapted to disperse a fluid according to the flow and pressure parameters determined according to a cone of angle at the apex of low value (<20 °) and receives the fluid under a high inlet pressure through a supply channel 9 In this example, it is possible to retain a value of 100 bars as an indication but not limiting of the values between 20 and 500 bars which may be specific in various applications On your figure 1 the active element comprises two ultrasonic wave generators 10 positioned radially on the turbulence chamber 4
Le divergent comprend trois zones de conicites croissantes 14 15, 16, la première zone 14 présentant un angle a \ compπs entre 0 et 10° La seconde zone 15 présente un angle u2 supérieur d'au moins 5° à l'angle u1 présenté par la première zone, de sorte que les lignes de séparation des zones soient situées a des distances comprises entre 2D et 4D pour la ligne 14,15, et entre 5D et 8D pour la ligne 15, 16 par rapport à la ligne X, 14, maténalisant la sortie du col X de conicite 0° La troisième zone 16 présente un angle au sommet u3 supérieur d'au moins 15° à la valeur de l'angle α1 et infeneur à la valeur de l'angle al plus 35° et est d'une longueur inféneure à 20D Le divergent 13 comporte, de préférence, des discontinuités de surface telles que rayures ou quadnllagesThe divergent comprises three zones of increasing conicities 14 15, 16, the first zone 14 having an angle a \ compπs between 0 and 10 ° The second zone 15 has an angle u2 greater by at least 5 ° than the angle u1 presented by the first zone, so that the lines of separation of the zones are located at distances between 2D and 4D for the line 14,15, and between 5D and 8D for the line 15, 16 with respect to the line X, 14, materializing the exit from the X neck of conicity 0 ° The third zone 16 has an angle at the top u3 at least 15 ° greater than the value of the angle α1 and inferior to the value of the angle al plus 35 ° and is of a length less than 20D The divergent 13 preferably comprises surface discontinuities such as scratches or squares
la chambre de mélange réglable en longueur par un filetage 21 est d une longueur supérieure a 20D et débouche sur la sortie par un conduit (20)the mixing chamber adjustable in length by a thread 21 is of a length greater than 20D and leads to the outlet by a conduit (20)
Le fluide, constitue selon l'application de l'invention par un ou plusieurs prιncιpe(s) actif (s), en solution ou non, en emulsionou non, contenant ou non un solvant ou tout autre liquide dote de caractéristiques physico-chimiques spécifiques ou adaptées a une application donnée, est éjecte en jet coaxial au tube Ventuπ 22The fluid, according to the application of the invention, constitutes one or more active ingredient (s), in solution or not, in emulsion or not, containing or not a solvent or any other liquid endowed with specific physicochemical characteristics. or adapted to a given application, is ejected in coaxial jet to the Ventuπ 22 tube
Selon l'invention, le mélangedes deux phases s'effectue en jet libre, c'est-à-dire que la pression statique exercée par le gaz sur le jet est celle du gaz en entrée des fentesAccording to the invention, the mixing of the two phases is carried out in a free jet, that is to say that the static pressure exerted by the gas on the jet is that of the gas entering the slots
3 (ou d'une entrée des gaz pour alimenter le Ventuπ en gaz) La figure 2 représente le détail d'une réalisation préférée du divergent du Ventun selon l'invention. Cette réalisation comporte trois conicités successives de valeur d'angle au sommet croissantes : ai. u 2. α 3.3 (or a gas inlet to supply the Ventuπ with gas) Figure 2 shows the detail of a preferred embodiment of the divergent Ventun according to the invention. This embodiment includes three successive tapers of increasing angle value at the top: ai. u 2. α 3.
La figure 3 représente un disposrtif qui ne comporte pas d'excitateur à ultrasons mais comporte, comme dans la figure 1 , une ouverture d'aspiration des gaz en forme de fente circulaire.FIG. 3 represents a device which does not include an ultrasonic exciter but which, as in FIG. 1, has a gas suction opening in the form of a circular slot.
L'augmentation de la pression d'arrivée des gaz aide dans une certaine mesure à accroître la proportion de gaz admis dans le col 2. A titre d'exemple si le gaz est de l'air et que le jet incident est une solution aqueuse à la haute pression précitée, la mise en pression à 10 bars du gaz incident entraîne un gain de 50% au moins de la quantité de gaz admis. Au delà d'une certaine valeur et si l'on continue à augmenter ladite pression, son effet sur le jet libre devient neutre puis perturbateur, pouvant entraîner des phénomènes de turbulence dans le convergent 18 et même des phénomènes de cavitation au niveau du col pour des pressions élevées de gaz et de jet incident ce qui est indésirable.The increase in the gas inlet pressure helps to a certain extent in increasing the proportion of gases admitted into the neck 2. For example if the gas is air and the incident jet is an aqueous solution at the aforementioned high pressure, pressurizing the incident gas to 10 bars results in a gain of at least 50% in the quantity of gas admitted. Beyond a certain value and if one continues to increase said pressure, its effect on the free jet becomes neutral then disruptive, being able to cause phenomena of turbulence in the convergent 18 and even phenomena of cavitation at the level of the neck for high gas and incident jet pressures which is undesirable.
La conformation du divergent et de la chambre de turbulence génèrent en amont du venturi une dépression importante qui permet un fonctionnement du système de production de mousse très bon et déjà nettement supéneur aux autres systèmes même sans surpression des gaz L'avantage selon l'invention de l'introduction des gaz est d'introduire par ce moyen en entrée 3, des gaz ayant une action ou une activité spécifique à l'application du procédé Par exemple, on pourra utiliser de I ozone dans une application d'aseptisation voire dans certain cas de dépollution, on pourra utiliser des gaz halons dans une application de lutte contre l'incendie ou de l'azote voir protoxyde d'azote dans une application d'émulston alimentaire, cosmétique ou pharmaceutique.The conformation of the divergent and the turbulence chamber generate a significant depression upstream of the venturi which allows the foam production system to function very well and is already clearly superior to other systems even without gas overpressure The advantage according to the invention of the introduction of the gases is to introduce by this means at input 3, gases having an action or an activity specific to the application of the process For example, it is possible to use ozone in a sanitizing application or even in certain cases of pollution control, halon gases may be used in a fire-fighting application or nitrogen or even nitrous oxide in a food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical emulston application.
Les cavités gazeuses qui se sont formées pendant le jet libre du fart de la dépression du Ventun sont entraînées à la vitesse d'écoulement du jet dans le Ventuπ. Après le passage de cette discontinuité, le mélange biphasique se trouve soumis à un écoulement monodirectionnel qui est, en première approche, décπt par l'équation de Bemouilli : P+V2/2g = Constante où P est la pression statique du mélange,The gas cavities which have formed during the free jet of the wax from the Ventun depression are driven at the speed of flow of the jet in the Ventuπ. After the passage of this discontinuity, the biphasic mixture is subjected to a monodirectional flow which is, at first approach, decπt by the Bemouilli equation: P + V 2 / 2g = Constant where P is the static pressure of the mixture,
- V la vitesse du fluide et- V the speed of the fluid and
- g la constante de gravitation A l'entrée dans le convergent du Venturi, les cavités sont soumises à une pression statique et sont conformées en bulles, mais sans phénomène de cavitation du fait de l'augmentation de la vitesse du fluide. En particulier, au passage du col, la pression statique a diminué et la vitesse du mélange a augmenté par rapport à l'entrée du jet dans le Venturi : la vitesse du mélange doit être supéπeure à une certaine limite directement dépendante du nombre de Reynolds qui définit la nature du fluide. Au- dessus d'un nombre de Reynolds de 3000, le liquide passe progressivement en écoulement turbulent et à I inverse, pour les nombres de Reynolds décroissants, l'écoulement devient plus laminaire. Pour un passage dans un tube rectiligne de section circulairele nombre de Reynolds est donné par la formule :- g the gravitational constant At the entrance to the Venturi convergent, the cavities are subjected to static pressure and are shaped into bubbles, but without cavitation phenomenon due to the increase in the speed of the fluid. In particular, when passing the neck, the static pressure has decreased and the speed of the mixture has increased compared to the entry of the jet into the Venturi: the speed of the mixture must be greater than a certain limit directly dependent on the Reynolds number which defines the nature of the fluid. Above a Reynolds number of 3000, the liquid gradually passes into turbulent flow and, conversely, for decreasing Reynolds numbers, the flow becomes more laminar. For a passage in a rectilinear tube of circular section, the Reynolds number is given by the formula:
Re=V.D.r/m où D est le diamètre de la sectionRe = V.D.r / m where D is the diameter of the section
- V la vitesse du liquide,- V the speed of the liquid,
- r sa densité et m sa viscosité- r its density and m its viscosity
Le phénomène de la cavitation n'est pas possible pour Re<2300. En deçà de cette valeur la vitesse du liquide augmente dans le passage et la pression statique diminue mais pas suffisamment pour permettre la création des cavités précurseurs de cavitation. Les systèmes connus se doivent de fonctionner avec Re>2300 pour σéer une cavitation car le gaz ou la vapeur sont mélangés au fluide en amont du système.The phenomenon of cavitation is not possible for Re <2300. Below this value the speed of the liquid increases in the passage and the static pressure decreases but not enough to allow the creation of cavitation precursors. Known systems must operate with Re> 2300 to σéer a cavitation because the gas or the vapor are mixed with the fluid upstream of the system.
Dans la présente invention, le mélange s'effectue à la pression d'introduction des gaz en jet libre et les précurseurs de cavitation se forment par transformation de l'énergie cinétique du fluide incident en énergie potentielle de compression statique au moment où le jet libre prend contact avec le convergent 18 du Venturi. c'est cette énergie restituée en énergie de cavitation sur les parois du divergent 15,16 qui génère un régime chaotique dans la chambre 4.In the present invention, mixing takes place at the pressure of introduction of the free jet gases and the cavitation precursors are formed by transformation of the kinetic energy of the incident fluid into potential static compression energy at the moment when the free jet contacts the Venturi converging 18. it is this energy returned in cavitation energy on the walls of the divergent 15,16 which generates a chaotic regime in the chamber 4.
Le critère de fonctionnement du dispositif est que l'écoulement sort non turbulent au col 2 (avec un nombre de Reynolds compris entre 2300 et 3000) et permette une cavitation dans le divergent 13. Par ailleurs, la proportion de gaz en volume peut excéder 50% et même atteindre voire dépasser 80% dans certains cas. Avec ces proportions il y a coexistence de bulles et de fluide contenant des cavités à la sortie du col 2, dans la mesure où le ou les principes actifs ou produits contenus dans le fluide contient des agents tensioactits en quantité suffisante, ces bulles déjà formées sont aspirées dans l'axe de la chambre 4 qui est en dépression relative par rapport aux parois, où elles sont soumises au régime turbulent et aux ondes de choc de la cavitafion près des parois, ce qui produit des éclatements et implosions successives conduisant à la formation de bulles microscopiques Ce phénomène de turbulence chaotique n'est pas uniquement dû à la cavitation, il est également attπbuable à ta conformation spécifique du divergent en trois cornettes successives selon l'inventionThe operating criterion of the device is that the flow comes out non-turbulent at the neck 2 (with a Reynolds number between 2300 and 3000) and allows cavitation in the divergent 13. Furthermore, the proportion of gas by volume can exceed 50 % and even reach or even exceed 80% in some cases. With these proportions there is coexistence of bubbles and fluid containing cavities at the outlet of the neck 2, insofar as the active principle or products or products contained in the fluid contains surfactants in sufficient quantity, these bubbles already formed are sucked in the axis of the chamber 4 which is in relative depression relative to the walls, where they are subjected to the turbulent regime and the shock waves of the cavitafion near the walls, which produces successive bursts and implosions leading to the formation of microscopic bubbles This phenomenon of chaotic turbulence is not only due to cavitation, it is also attπbutable to your specific conformation of the divergent into three successive corettes according to the invention
Les changements de conicités ou discontinuités du divergent 17 entraînent la formation de turbulences qui contribuent au ralentissement du fluide et favorisent la cavrtation qui se produit en premier heu le long des parois où la pression statique s'élève le plus vite. L'énergie potentielle emmagasinée par les bulles au passage du Ventuπ est restituée lors de la cavitation au milieu turbulent sous forme d'ondes de choc. L'énergie cinétique ainsi libérée propage le phénomène de cavrtation, atomise le liquide et permet l'obtention de bulles submillimetnquesThe changes in taper or discontinuity of the divergent 17 cause the formation of turbulences which contribute to the slowing down of the fluid and favor the cavrtation which occurs firstly along the walls where the static pressure rises faster. The potential energy stored by the bubbles in the passage of the Ventuπ is restored during cavitation in the turbulent medium in the form of shock waves. The kinetic energy thus released propagates the phenomenon of cavrtation, atomizes the liquid and allows the obtaining of submillimetric bubbles.
De préférence, l'angle au sommet «1 du premier tronçon 14 du divergent doit rester infeneura 10° Cet angle est constant sur ledit tronçon, ou varie continûment entre 0° et la valeur retenue infeπeure à 10° afin d'éviter ou de réduire au maximum le phénomène de cavrtation à cet endroit, ce qui ne permettrait pas d'optimiser l'appareil L'angle au sommet u2 du deυxième tronçon 15 doit être supéneur de 10° au moins à celui précité pour le premier tronçon afin que le phénomène de cavitation soit maximal à cet endroit De même l'angle au sommet α3 du troisième tronçon 16 doit pour les mêmes raisons être supéneur d'au moins 10° à celui du tronçon 15Preferably, the angle at the apex “1 of the first section 14 of the diverging portion must remain below 10 °. This angle is constant over said section, or varies continuously between 0 ° and the value retained below 10 ° in order to avoid or reduce maximum the cavrtation phenomenon at this location, which would not allow the device to be optimized The angle at the top u2 of the second section 15 must be at least 10 ° greater than that mentioned for the first section so that the phenomenon cavitation is maximum at this location Similarly the apex angle α3 of the third section 16 must for the same reasons be at least 10 ° greater than that of the section 15
Selon l'invention, la sortie 20 de la chambre 4 est coaxiale au col 2 Quel que sort te fluide utilisé, il y a formation en sortie du divergent 13 de bulles de très petites tailles , dans le cas d'un fluide non réactif ou peu tensioactif, ces bulles disparaissent très vite dès la sortie de la chambre, et même si l'effet de la cavitation provoque des cassures moléculaires et favonse ta création de radicaux libres, le produit sortira du système sous forme quasiment liquide ou retournera sous cette forme très rapidement quand le mélange sera disperse en jet libreAccording to the invention, the outlet 20 from the chamber 4 is coaxial with the neck 2 Whatever the fluid used, there is formation at the outlet of the divergent 13 of bubbles of very small sizes, in the case of a non-reactive fluid or little surfactant, these bubbles disappear very quickly as soon as they leave the chamber, and even if the effect of cavitation causes molecular breaks and favonse your creation of free radicals, the product will leave the system in almost liquid form or return in this form very quickly when the mixture is dispersed in free jet
Au contraire, si le produit contient des composés moussants ou tensioactifs (ioniques ou non ioniques) en quantité suffisante, les micro-bulles formées par ce procédé forment une mousse très légère possédant de très bonnes qualités tixotropiques mais égalementtrès homogène et conservent ces propnétés même après dispersion à l'air libre. En effet, dans les mêmes conditions de pression que dans la chambre 4 une mousse contenant des produits tensioactifs en quantité suffisante (typiquementOn the contrary, if the product contains sufficient foaming or surfactant compounds (ionic or nonionic), the micro-bubbles formed by this process form a very light foam having very good tixotropic qualities but also very homogeneous and retain these properties even after dispersion in the open air. In fact, under the same pressure conditions as in chamber 4, a foam containing surfactants in sufficient quantity (typically
>0,5% en masse du fluide) peut être conservée plusieurs minutes en conservant toutes son activité Après 5 mm, moins de 10% du volume du mélange sera retourné sous forme liquide dans des conditions de fonctionnement normal à température 8 9 ambiante Ce résultat améliore considérablement ceux obtenus par des moyens classiques a des concentrations supérieures> 0.5% by mass of the fluid) can be kept for several minutes while retaining all of its activity After 5 mm, less than 10% of the volume of the mixture will be returned in liquid form under normal operating conditions at temperature 8 9 ambient This result considerably improves those obtained by conventional means at higher concentrations
L'utilisation de tels produits adaptes rend non nécessaire la fermeture de la chambre en aval, la mousse opérant sa formation dans le divergent 13 et s'ecoulant ensuite après homogénéisation jusqu'au moment de sa dispersion dans une buse adaptée en pression et débit par rapport au col 2 la buse de sortie pouvant être située a plusieurs dizaines de mètres de la formation de mousse dans le divergent II est même possible, selon I invention d organiser la distπbution de mousse en reseau a partir d'une seule sourceThe use of such suitable products makes it unnecessary to close the downstream chamber, the foam producing its formation in the divergent 13 and then flowing after homogenization until the moment of its dispersion in a nozzle adapted in pressure and flow by compared to the neck 2 the outlet nozzle can be located several tens of meters from the formation of foam in the divergent It is even possible, according to the invention to organize the distribution of foam in a network from a single source
La particularité essentielle de la mousse formée selon I invention est la formation de bulles microscopiques voir microniques au niveau de la chambre 4 Cette propriété distinctive permet lors de la diffusion du produit par une buse adaptée de ne pas disperser des gouttelettes comme le font la plupart des systèmes mais d'assurer ta diffusion de petites bulles et même dans la plupart des cas d amas de micro-bulles Celles-ci ont naturellement tendance a l'air libre a sexpanser et a se regrouper Mais I homogénéité et la grande surface de contact produite par la mousse permet aux produits actifs une action renforcée et quasi instantanée en particulier, en ce qui concerne les actions de composes ioniques de composes polaires et des tensioactifs Cette propriété est conservée plusieurs minutes si l'épaisseur de mousse répandue par unité de surface est suffisante par rapport a la quantité de produrt a traiter par quantité de surface, en effet la reaction d un compose actif du mélange mousseux et en particulier, un agent tensioactif avec le milieu a traiter conduit a la disparition des bulles concernées par cette reaction ce phénomène est aisément visualise par un utilisateur de l'appareil ou du procède et lui permet d insister sur les parties a traiter de façon accrue parce que plus sales ou plus polluées, par exempleThe essential characteristic of the foam formed according to the invention is the formation of microscopic or even micronic bubbles at the level of chamber 4 This distinctive property makes it possible, during the diffusion of the product by a nozzle adapted, not to disperse droplets as most of the systems but to ensure your diffusion of small bubbles and even in most cases of heaps of micro-bubbles These naturally tend to open air to expand and regroup But I homogeneity and the large contact surface produced by the foam allows the active products a reinforced and almost instantaneous action in particular, with regard to the actions of ionic compounds of polar compounds and of surfactants This property is preserved for several minutes if the thickness of foam spread per unit of area is sufficient compared to the quantity of product to be treated per quantity of surface, in fact the reaction of an active compound d u sparkling mixture and in particular, a surfactant with the medium to be treated leads to the disappearance of the bubbles concerned by this reaction this phenomenon is easily visualized by a user of the apparatus or of the process and allows him to insist on the parts to be treated because dirtier or more polluted, for example
Par ailleurs il est possible d'introduire par des systèmes de dosage appropries en amont de I appareil, plusieurs produits pas forcement miscibles entre eux par exemple, de l'huile et de l'eau, du solvant et du détergent, un produrt actif et un produit solvant, ete Le jet incident est alors forme d'un mélange non homogène localement mais cependant dose, ce mélange est alors parfaitement emulsionne au passage dans I appareil, les conditions de formation de la mousse et donc ses propriétés finales étant cependant modifiées par la nature et les proportions des fluides utilises Selon la réalisation préférée de l'invention, la longueur du tronçon 14 du divergent est de 1 ,5 à 5 fois le diamètre D du col 2, il est cependant possible de rallonger cette portion, jusqu'à 30 fois cette longueur, si l'application le nécessite, à condrtion que l'angle de cette conicite soit continûment variable entre 0° et la valeur retenue inféπeure à 10° en sortie de ce tronçon et ceci afin de limiter dans cette phase le phénomène de cavrtation.In addition, it is possible to introduce, by appropriate dosing systems upstream of the apparatus, several products which are not necessarily miscible with one another, for example, oil and water, solvent and detergent, an active product and a solvent product, ete The incident jet is then formed as a locally non-homogeneous mixture, however dose, this mixture is then perfectly emulsified when passing through the apparatus, the conditions for forming the foam and therefore its final properties being however modified by the nature and proportions of the fluids used According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the length of the section 14 of the diverging part is 1.5 to 5 times the diameter D of the neck 2, it is however possible to extend this portion, up to 30 times this length, if the 'application requires it, provided that the angle of this conicity is continuously variable between 0 ° and the selected value less than 10 ° at the exit of this section and this in order to limit in this phase the cavrtation phenomenon.
Pour les autres tronçons, leur longueur de réalisation préférée, selon l'invention, sera de 1 à 6 fois le diamètre du col 2 pour la partie repérée 15 sur la figure 1 et infeπeur a 30 fois ce même diamètre pour la partie 16, cependant ces valeurs étant adaptées selon l'utilisation première de l'invention concernant des solutions aqueuses, des longueurs différentes peuvent être envisagées pour d'autres fluides ou mélanges de type émulsionFor the other sections, their preferred production length, according to the invention, will be from 1 to 6 times the diameter of the neck 2 for the part marked 15 in FIG. 1 and less than 30 times this same diameter for the part 16, however these values being adapted according to the first use of the invention concerning aqueous solutions, different lengths can be envisaged for other fluids or mixtures of emulsion type
Dans la réalisation préférée de l'invention, le divergent 13 comporte trois zones de conicrtes croissantes avec des ruptures de zones Le divergent peut également avoir un nombre de zones différent de trois, les angles des zones de conicite vaπer continûment et les ruptures être adoucies La section de sortie 20 sera dimensionnee en fonction de l'aire du col 2 pour avoir une surface compnse entre 1 , 2 et 3 fois la surface dudit col, des valeurs supéπeures peuvent être envisagées pour des concentrations élevées de produits tensioactifs et une quantité de gaz plus élevée par unité de volume liquideIn the preferred embodiment of the invention, the diverging part 13 comprises three zones of increasing conicts with zone breaks The diverging part can also have a number of zones different from three, the angles of the conicity zones will continuously vary and the ruptures be softened. outlet section 20 will be sized according to the area of the neck 2 to have a surface area between 1, 2 and 3 times the area of said neck, higher values can be considered for high concentrations of surfactants and a quantity of gas higher per unit of liquid volume
Dans le divergent 13, le mélange aborde un premier tronçon d'angle au sommet faible (<10°), étudie selon les conditions de débit, pression et concentration en gaz pour que la pression statique ne s'élève pas trop brutalement, créant des conditions empêchant l'implosion des bulles de gaz dans cette première partie du divergentIn divergent 13, the mixture approaches a first angle section with a weak top (<10 °), studies according to the conditions of flow, pressure and gas concentration so that the static pressure does not rise too suddenly, creating conditions preventing the implosion of gas bubbles in this first part of the divergent
Du fart de la vitesse élevée du fluide atteinte au passage du col, et du fait que la chambre 4 est en régime continu d'écoulement du mélange et pleine dudrt mélange, l'écoulement préférentiel du fluide en sortie du premier tronçon est laminairele long des parois Au passage dans le deuxième tronçon, une partie majoritaire du fluide reste le long de la paroi du divergent 15 , cette partie du fluide est alors soumise à une pression statique élevée due à l'angle de cette partie du divergent et aux turbulences q ui contribuent a en diminuer la vitesseBecause of the high speed of the fluid reached at the passage of the neck, and the fact that the chamber 4 is in a continuous flow regime of the mixture and full of the mixture, the preferential flow of the fluid leaving the first section is laminar along the walls When passing through the second section, a majority of the fluid remains along the wall of the diverging portion 15, this portion of the fluid is then subjected to a high static pressure due to the angle of this portion of the diverging portion and to turbulence which help to decrease the speed
Le mélange à proximité de ladite paroi est alors dans des conditions idéales de cavitation Les bulles de gaz implosent, libérant l'énergie emmagasinée pendant leur formation à l'entrée du Ventuπ. Cette libération d'énergie condurt à la disparition des bulles et a la formation de micro-bulles, de plus elle peut casser des liaisons atomiques ou moléculaires Le métal des parois est alors soumis à la combinaison d'ondes de choc violentes et de couples électrochimiques importants II est nécessaire pour garantir un bon fonctionnement prolongé de l'appareil fonctionnant selon la présente invention que la pièce mécanique formant Ventun soit constituée dans un métal ou tout autre maténau résistant à ce phénomène Un alliage à base de fonte spéciale ou en aciertrarte peut courammenttenir plus d'un an en fonctionnement continu sans dégradation sensible de la qualité ou de l'activité de la mousse produiteThe mixture near said wall is then in ideal cavitation conditions. The gas bubbles implode, releasing the energy stored during their training at the entrance to the Ventuπ. This release of energy leads to the disappearance of bubbles and the formation of micro-bubbles, moreover it can break atomic or molecular bonds. The metal of the walls is then subjected to the combination of violent shock waves and electrochemical couples. important It is necessary to guarantee a prolonged good operation of the device operating according to the present invention that the mechanical part forming Ventun is made of a metal or any other material resistant to this phenomenon. An alloy based on special cast iron or steel trarte can commonly obtain more than a year in continuous operation without significant deterioration in the quality or activity of the foam produced
Ce processus se répète dans le troisième tronçon. Le phénomène de cavitation de produisant essentiellement à proximité des parois, l'atomisation des bulles et du liquide qui en résulte ont des composantes essentiellement radiales qui assurent un mouvement chaotique de la partie centrale de la chambre 4, de plus, la cavrtation génère des ondes uttrasonores réfléchies par les parois et dont l'énergie est absorbée par le mélange et participe au brassage chaotiqueThis process is repeated in the third section. The cavitation phenomenon of essentially producing near the walls, the atomization of the bubbles and the resulting liquid have essentially radial components which ensure a chaotic movement of the central part of the chamber 4, moreover, the cavrtation generates waves ultrasound reflected by the walls and whose energy is absorbed by the mixture and participates in chaotic mixing
Dans le cas de la réalisation optimisée d'un dispositif selon la présente invention, l'utilisation additionnelle de genérateur(s) d'onde ultrasonores s'avère inutile, cependant si les trois conicrtes successives ne sont pas parfaitement adaptées aux conditions de débit et de pression demandées, la dépression générée par le Ventuπ restera inféneure à 0,9 bar et l'utilisation d'un apport d'énergie dans la mousse en cours de formation au niveau de la chambre 4 peut permettre de compenser ce défaut d'optimisationIn the case of the optimized embodiment of a device according to the present invention, the additional use of ultrasonic wave generator (s) proves to be unnecessary, however if the three successive conicrts are not perfectly adapted to the flow conditions and pressure required, the vacuum generated by the Ventuπ will remain below 0.9 bar and the use of an energy supply in the foam being formed in chamber 4 can compensate for this lack of optimization
La présente vise également un appareil autonome de production de mousse, utilisant les prophètes particulières du Ventuπ qui vient d'être décπt La pression peut être générée par différents moyens tels qu'un réservoir de gaz sous pression, un générateur pyrotechnique ou un générateur de vapeurThis is also aimed at an autonomous foam production apparatus, using the particular prophets of the Ventuπ which has just been decπt The pressure can be generated by various means such as a pressurized gas tank, a pyrotechnic generator or a steam generator
Un de réalisation est schematiquement représenté sur la figure 4 Dans celui-ci, le dédenchementdu fonctionnement est obtenu par action d'une charge pyrotechnique dans la chambre 25 qui génère par la chambre 24 la quantité de gaz nécessaire et permet le mélange des produits actifs contenus dans l'enveloppe 26 avec le liquide contenu dans la chambre 23 Le liquide est contenu dans un réservoir 23 dont la paroi est suffisamment épaisse pour subir une augmentation notable de pression Afin d'optimiser la combustion et réduire les coûts de fabncation, i est intéressant de travailler avec de la poudre vive à des densités de charge importantes La chambre 25 possède des ouvertures adaptées pour délivrer une pression nominale, qui permet l'établissement d'un régime de combustion rapide à haute pression assurant la combustion de la totalité du produit, les gaz à haute pression sont libérés dans la chambre 24. Lorsque la pression de forcementdu bouchon 27 est atteinte, celui-ci est propulsé dans l'enveloppe 26. Ce réservoir comprend, à sa partie supérieure une vanne 37 permettant la purge ou le brassage du liquide par admission d'air en provenance d'un réservoir de gaz sous pressionOne of the embodiments is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4 In this, the operation is obtained by action of a pyrotechnic charge in the chamber 25 which generates by the chamber 24 the quantity of gas required and allows the active products contained to be mixed in the casing 26 with the liquid contained in the chamber 23 The liquid is contained in a reservoir 23 whose wall is thick enough to undergo a notable increase in pressure In order to optimize the combustion and reduce the manufacturing costs, it is advantageous to work with live powder at high charge densities The chamber 25 has openings adapted to deliver a nominal pressure, which allows the establishment of a rapid combustion regime at high pressure ensuring the combustion of the entire product, the high pressure gases are released into the chamber 24. When the pressure of forcing the plug 27 is reached, it is propelled into the casing 26. This tank comprises, at its upper part a valve 37 allowing the liquid to be purged or mixed by admitting air from a gas tank under pressure
Les produits actifs sont contenus dans l'enveloppe déchirable 26 sous forme de poudre ou de liquide. L'enveloppe 26 est réalisée en un matériau qui, par le jeu d'épaisseurs variables ou de points fragiles sur sa surface, permet d'assurer ta rupture de l'étanchérté dans le but de faciliter le passage du liquide et d'optimiser le mélange et la dilution du produrt dans le liquide. Ces produits peuvent être laissés en immersiondans le liquide du réservoir 23. Le liquide peut se décharger dans le tube venturi 22 par l'intermédiaire d'une canalisation 34 a travers une vanne mélangeuse thermostatique 33 La vanne 33 permet de conserver une température quasi constante lors de l'utilisation De préférence des régulateurs de pression 31 ,32 sont montes en dérivation sur la vanne 33 de manière a ce que la température et la pression du liquide soient maîtπsées. Le volume de la mousse sortant de l'appareil est environ cinq fois plus élevé que dans les appareils actuellement utilisésThe active products are contained in the tearable envelope 26 in the form of powder or liquid. The envelope 26 is made of a material which, by the play of variable thicknesses or fragile points on its surface, makes it possible to ensure the rupture of the seal in order to facilitate the passage of the liquid and to optimize the mixing and diluting the produrt in the liquid. These products can be left immersed in the liquid in the reservoir 23. The liquid can be discharged into the venturi tube 22 via a pipe 34 through a thermostatic mixing valve 33 The valve 33 makes it possible to maintain an almost constant temperature during of use Preferably pressure regulators 31, 32 are mounted in bypass on the valve 33 so that the temperature and the pressure of the liquid are controlled. The volume of foam leaving the device is approximately five times higher than in the devices currently in use
L'ouverture de la sortie de lance 35 provoque la mise en mouvement du liquide αui circule autour de l'enveloppe 26 en un mouvement hélicoïdal favorisant les échanges thermiquesThe opening of the lance outlet 35 causes the liquid αui to move around the casing 26 in a helical movement promoting heat exchange
Ce mode de réalisation peut également être dote d'un dispositif de mise sous pression des gaz pour alimenter l'entrée du ventuπ et adapter la nature du gaz à l'action recherchée Par exemple, l'appareil peut être muni d'un raccord rapide muni d'une valve 38 tarée en pression pour assurer le gavage en gaz à l'entrée du venturi, du régulateur de pression 40 à travers le tuyau 39This embodiment can also be provided with a device for pressurizing the gases to supply the inlet of the ventuπ and adapt the nature of the gas to the desired action. For example, the device can be fitted with a quick coupling fitted with a valve 38 calibrated in pressure to ensure gas feeding at the inlet of the venturi, of the pressure regulator 40 through the pipe 39
La présente invention vise également un appareil permettant de disperser des mcro- bulles de gaz dans un liquide en utilisant également le dispositif décπt d-dessus. Sur la figure 5, le venturi est placé dans une canalisation de liquide 25The present invention also relates to an apparatus for dispersing macrobubbles of gas in a liquid by also using the device decπt above. In FIG. 5, the venturi is placed in a liquid line 25
Les applications pnncipales du procédé concernent l'utilisation comme fluide d'eau additionnée d'un pourcentage suffisant de produits actifs pour des actions déterminées : Produits détergents mélanges ou non a des solvants de tous types en fonction de l'application, avec un avantage donne, selon l'invention, a des composes polaires ou ioniques ainsi qu'a des produits tensioactifs pour des applications de nettoyage,The main applications of the process concern the use as water fluid with a sufficient percentage of active products for specific actions: Detergent products whether or not mixed with solvents of all types depending on the application, with an advantage given, according to the invention, to polar or ionic compounds as well as to surfactants for cleaning applications,
Produits de neutralisation de pollution, et en particulier de enzymes ou protéines spécifiques de certaines actions chimiques sur des produits organiques et pouvant être mélanges preferentiellement, selon l'invention, avec des solvants et des produrts déstructurants (en cas de pollution polymeπsée) ou tensioactifsPollution neutralization products, and in particular enzymes or proteins specific to certain chemical actions on organic products and which can preferably be mixed, according to the invention, with solvents and destructuring products (in the event of polymeπsée pollution) or surfactants
D'autres applications peuvent être envisagées ou le fluide n'est pas nécessairement en solution aqueuseOther applications may be considered or the fluid is not necessarily in aqueous solution
Avec des produits de neutralisation du phénomène de combustion, avec des tensioactifs et des composes polaires ou ioniques pour l'application d'extinction de feux ou d'incendies de toutes natures, avec des carburants additionnes de produits moussants polaires et/ou tensioactifs la mousse étant alors utilisée par dispersion ulteπeure par une buse selon l'état de l'art mats n'utilisant pas le phénomène de cavrtationWith products to neutralize the combustion phenomenon, with surfactants and polar or ionic compounds for the application of fire extinction or fire of all kinds, with fuels added with polar foaming products and / or surfactants, foam then being used by ulteπeure dispersion by a nozzle according to the state of the art mats not using the cavrtation phenomenon
Une autre application de l'appareil est d'utiliser sa capacité depressionnaire qui peut être supeneure a 1 bar Un tel appareil devient donc l'élément pnnαpal d'une pompeAnother application of the device is to use its low pressure capacity which can be greater than 1 bar. Such a device therefore becomes the pnnαpal element of a pump.
D'autres applications sont possibles en utilisant dans le fluide deux produits qui ne sont pas normalement miscibles pour créer des emulsions par exemple dans les domaines alimentaire cosmétique ou pharmaceutique Other applications are possible by using in the fluid two products which are not normally miscible to create emulsions for example in the cosmetic or pharmaceutical food fields.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 ° Dispositif de formation de mousse par effet Venturi, mélangeant un produit en phase liquide et un produrt en phase gazeuse, comprenant une buse (1 ) d'introduction du liquide, coaxiale à un étage venturi (22) comprenant un convergent (18) dispose en regard de la buse (1 ), dont le col est de diamètre « D » et une entrée de gaz (3) coaxiale à la buse (1 ) correspondant avec le convergent (18), le gaz étant aspiré par effet venturi et diπgé sur une chambre de mélange (4) connectée à une sortie de mousse, caractérisé en ce que le divergent (13) du venturi (22) comprend au moins trois zones de conicrtes progressives, avec des ruptures entre les zones, provoquant en combinaison avec la geometne du divergent, un phénomène de cavrtation, et débouche dans une chambre (4) de turbulences, le mélange des deux phases s'effectuant en jet libre.1 ° device for forming foam by Venturi effect, mixing a product in the liquid phase and a product in the gas phase, comprising a nozzle (1) for introducing the liquid, coaxial with a venturi stage (22) comprising a convergent (18) has opposite the nozzle (1), the neck of which is of diameter “D” and a gas inlet (3) coaxial with the nozzle (1) corresponding with the convergent (18), the gas being sucked in by venturi effect and diπgé on a mixing chamber (4) connected to a foam outlet, characterized in that the divergent (13) of the venturi (22) comprises at least three zones of progressive conicrts, with ruptures between the zones, causing in combination with the geometry of the divergent, a cavrtation phenomenon, and leads into a chamber (4) of turbulence, the mixture of the two phases being carried out in free jet.
2° Dispositif selon la revendication 1 , caractérise en ce que le divergent comprend trois zones de conicrtes croissantes (14, 15, 16), la première zone (14) présentant un angle (α 1 ) compπs entre 0 et 10°2 ° Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the divergent comprises three zones of increasing conicrts (14, 15, 16), the first zone (14) having an angle (α 1) compπs between 0 and 10 °
3° Dispositif selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que la troisième zone (16) possède un angle au sommet (u3) supéneur d'au moins 15° à la valeur de l'angle (αl) et mféneur à la valeur de l'angle (ui) plus 35° et est d'une longueur ιnféneurà 30D3 ° Device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the third zone (16) has an apex angle (u3) greater than at least 15 ° to the value of the angle (αl) and mféneur to the value of the angle (ui) plus 35 ° and is of a length of 30D
4° Dispositif selon les revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la seconde zone (15) présente un angle (u2) supéneur d'au moins 5° à l'angle (ui) présenté par la première zone, de sorte que les lignes de séparation des zones soient situées à des distances comprises entre 2D et 4D pour la ligne (14, 15) et entre 5D et 8D pour la ligne (15, 16) par rapport à la ligne (X, 14), matéπalisantla sortie du col (X) de conicite4 ° Device according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the second zone (15) has an angle (u2) greater than at least 5 ° to the angle (ui) presented by the first zone, so that the area separation lines are located at distances between 2D and 4D for the line (14, 15) and between 5D and 8D for the line (15, 16) relative to the line (X, 14), materializing the exit of the col (X) of conicity
0°0 °
5° Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 , 2 ou 3, caractérise en ce que le divergent (13) comporte de discontinuités de surface telles que rayures ou quadrillages 6e Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 ,2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que les angles des zones de coniαté augmentent continûment et sont adoucis5 ° Device according to one of claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the divergent (13) has surface discontinuities such as scratches or grids 6 e Device according to one of claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the angles of the coniαté zones increase continuously and are softened
7° Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la distance entre la sortie de la buse (1 ) et l'entrée (17) du Ventuπ est compnse entre 2d et 20d,7 ° Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the distance between the outlet of the nozzle (1) and the inlet (17) of the Ventuπ is between 2d and 20d,
(d) étant le diamètredu condurtde la buse (1 ), le diamètre (2) de col du Ventuπ étant compris 1 d et 4.d.(d) being the diameter of the duct of the nozzle (1), the diameter (2) of the neck of the Ventuπ being between 1 d and 4.d.
8e Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la chambre de mélange est réglable en longueur par un moyen (21 )8 e Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mixing chamber is adjustable in length by means (21)
9° Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérise en ce que la chambrede mélange est d'une longueur supérieure à 30D et débouche sur la sortie par un conduit (20)9 ° Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mixing chamber is of a length greater than 30D and leads to the outlet by a conduit (20)
10° Dispositif selon la revendication 1 , caractérise en ce que deux générateurs d'ondes ultrasonores (10) sont disposes radialementsur la chambre (4)10 ° Device according to claim 1, characterized in that two ultrasonic wave generators (10) are arranged radially on the chamber (4)
11° Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérise en ce qu'au moins un mélangeur et/ou un régulateurde débit et de pression est connecté à l'entrée (9)11 ° Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one mixer and / or one flow and pressure regulator is connected to the input (9)
12° Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérise en ce qu'au moins un mélangeur et/ou un régulateurde débit et de pression est connecte a l'entrée (3)12 ° Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one mixer and / or one flow and pressure regulator is connected to the input (3)
13° Dispositif selon la revendication 11 , caractérise en ce qu'au moins un mélangeur est connecté à l'entrée de chaque régulateurde débit et de pression13 ° Device according to claim 11, characterized in that at least one mixer is connected to the input of each flow and pressure regulator
14° Dispositif selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un régulateur de débit et de pression est connectée l'entrée de chaque mélangeur14 ° Device according to claim 12, characterized in that at least one flow and pressure regulator is connected to the inlet of each mixer
15° Appareil de formation de mousse, incluant un dispositif selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une enceinte (23) contenant un liquide, dans laquelle est immergée une enveloppe (26) contenant des produits actifs, un dispositif pyrotechnique (24,25,27) provoquant la dissolution des produits actifs dans le liquide 15 ° foam forming apparatus, including a device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises an enclosure (23) containing a liquid, in which is immersed an envelope (26) containing active products, a pyrotechnic device ( 24,25,27) causing the dissolution of the active products in the liquid
EP97931836A 1996-07-01 1997-07-01 Foam generating device Expired - Lifetime EP0869841B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9608162A FR2750347A1 (en) 1996-07-01 1996-07-01 Venturi foam generator using ultra sound to produce small bubbles
FR9608162 1996-07-01
FR9610947 1996-09-09
FR9610947 1996-09-09
FR9700690A FR2758476A1 (en) 1997-01-23 1997-01-23 Venturi foam generator using ultra sound to produce small bubbles
FR9700690 1997-01-23
PCT/FR1997/001167 WO1998000227A1 (en) 1996-07-01 1997-07-01 Foam generating device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0869841A1 true EP0869841A1 (en) 1998-10-14
EP0869841B1 EP0869841B1 (en) 2003-06-04

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EP97931836A Expired - Lifetime EP0869841B1 (en) 1996-07-01 1997-07-01 Foam generating device

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US (1) US6042089A (en)
EP (1) EP0869841B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE242044T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2231338A1 (en)
DE (1) DE69722583D1 (en)
WO (1) WO1998000227A1 (en)

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WO1998000227A1 (en) 1998-01-08
DE69722583D1 (en) 2003-07-10
CA2231338A1 (en) 1998-01-08
EP0869841B1 (en) 2003-06-04
US6042089A (en) 2000-03-28
ATE242044T1 (en) 2003-06-15

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