EP0866381B1 - Elektrostatisches Transportsystem für Blätter mit Tonerbildern - Google Patents

Elektrostatisches Transportsystem für Blätter mit Tonerbildern Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0866381B1
EP0866381B1 EP19980200361 EP98200361A EP0866381B1 EP 0866381 B1 EP0866381 B1 EP 0866381B1 EP 19980200361 EP19980200361 EP 19980200361 EP 98200361 A EP98200361 A EP 98200361A EP 0866381 B1 EP0866381 B1 EP 0866381B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
support
transport system
electrostatic
belt
charge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19980200361
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0866381A1 (de
Inventor
Robert Janssens
Werner Heirbaut
Luc Van Goethem
Peter Baeyens
Frank Trouillard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xeikon Manufacturing NV
Original Assignee
Punch Graphix International NV
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Punch Graphix International NV filed Critical Punch Graphix International NV
Priority to EP19980200361 priority Critical patent/EP0866381B1/de
Publication of EP0866381A1 publication Critical patent/EP0866381A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0866381B1 publication Critical patent/EP0866381B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/65—Apparatus which relate to the handling of copy material
    • G03G15/6555—Handling of sheet copy material taking place in a specific part of the copy material feeding path
    • G03G15/657—Feeding path after the transfer point and up to the fixing point, e.g. guides and feeding means for handling copy material carrying an unfused toner image
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H5/00—Feeding articles separated from piles; Feeding articles to machines
    • B65H5/004—Feeding articles separated from piles; Feeding articles to machines using electrostatic force
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
    • G03G2215/00362—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes relating to the copy medium handling
    • G03G2215/00367—The feeding path segment where particular handling of the copy medium occurs, segments being adjacent and non-overlapping. Each segment is identified by the most downstream point in the segment, so that for instance the segment labelled "Fixing device" is referring to the path between the "Transfer device" and the "Fixing device"
    • G03G2215/00413—Fixing device

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a transport system, capable of transporting a sheet-like receptor support that may hold a toner image at both sides; this transport system can be used within an electrographic copying or printing apparatus.
  • Patent US-A-4 427 285 describes a single pass duplex reproduction system having a heat insulating prefuser transport device.
  • the prefuser transport is a pair of cold, toner compacting rolls.
  • a drawback of the system disclosed there is that it requires a film of release agent to be deposited onto the compacting rolls, to prevent toner offsetting onto these rolls.
  • a restriction of such a system is that the speed of the transfer stations, located before the prefuser transport device, and the speed of the fuser station, located after the prefuser transport device, must be substantially equal.
  • Research Disclosure No. 16249 of December 1977 shows a dielectric belt for transporting copy sheets having unfused toner images on one or both sides.
  • the belt is supported by a first and a second roller, and transports the copy sheet while it is suspended to the belt.
  • the belt is charged by an electrostatic charger, causing an electrostatic attraction force, which tacks the copy sheet to the belt.
  • a neutralising charger positioned near the second roller, sprays neutralising charges onto the belt.
  • the copy sheet is separated from the belt through the combined effects of neutralisation of the electrostatic attractive force by the neutralising charger, and the sharp bending of the belt about the second roller.
  • a drawback of this system is that the electrostatic attraction between the belt on the one hand, and the copy sheet containing the toner image on the other hand, may result in toner being transferred from the copy sheet to the belt, thus causing damage to the toner image contacting the belt.
  • Patent US-A-5 009 352 describes a conveyor for transporting sheets having an unfused toner image on one side.
  • the conveyor is charged by an electrostatic charger.
  • the conveyor comprises a dielectric material and electrode parts of a conductive material, in order to create a strong and stable electrostatic field.
  • the electrostatic field causes the sheets to adhere to the conveyor.
  • the conveyor may e.g. be a belt.
  • the conveyor contacts the side of the sheet that does not carry the toner image.
  • This system is not intended for conveying sheets having unfused toner images on both sides.
  • this system has the same drawback as the previous system - shown in Research Disclosure No. 16249 - in that the electrostatic attraction may cause damage to the toner image contacting the conveyor.
  • Patent US-A-5 045 892 describes an arrangement to convey paper, having an unfused toner image on one side, from a transfer station to a fusing station.
  • the arrangement comprises a guide member to convey the paper under the control of an electrostatic force.
  • Some of the shown embodiments comprise an endless belt; in the embodiments comprising a belt, the paper is conveyed suspended to the belt, so that the unfused toner image does not contact the belt.
  • the belt is charged by an electrostatic charger so as to attract the paper.
  • the toner image is attracted to the outer surface of the belt.
  • the paper may be charged by a second electrostatic charger with an opposite polarity to the belt.
  • the sheet-like receptor support may be a sheet of paper, a transparency, etc.
  • the support may also be formed by two sheets back to back, in order to print two single sided sheets simultaneously.
  • the surface may be realised by an endless belt or by a cylindrical drum.
  • the surface contacting the sheet-like receptor support is preferably rectilinear.
  • printing stands in the first place for a printer which creates the output printing image by laying out the image in a series of horizontal scan lines, each line having a given number of pixels per inch.
  • the transport system may however also be used in a copier device, or in whichever system that needs to transport a support carrying particles or powder.
  • a corotron is a charge generating device, comprising a conductive wire, called corona-wire, and a conductive housing.
  • the corona-wire is charged with respect to the housing, at a tension that exceeds the so-called critical voltage of the surrounding medium, so that this medium, usually air, is partly ionised.
  • a scorotron comprises a corotron and a grid.
  • Fig. 1 shows a diagrammatic representation of one embodiment of an electrophotographic duplex colour printer.
  • the printer comprises a light-tight housing 10 which has at its inside a stack 12 of sheets to be printed, loaded on a platform 13, the height of which is adjusted in accordance with the size of the stack, and at the output side a platform 14 onto which the printed sheets are received.
  • a sheet to be printed is removed from stack 12 by a dispensing mechanism 15, and passed through an alignment station 16 which ensures the longitudinal and lateral alignment of the sheet.
  • a first toner image forming station 20 indicated in a dash-and-dot line for applying a colour toner image to the obverse side of the sheet and a second station 21 for applying a colour toner image to its reverse side.
  • buffer 23 also referred to as transport system
  • a fuser station 25 is operating to melt the toner images transferred to the sheets in order to affix them. It will be understood that this operation requires a certain minimum time since the temperature of the fuser is subject to an upper limit which must not be exceeded, otherwise the roller lifetime becomes unsatisfactory. In other words, the speed of fuser station 25 is limited.
  • the speed of the toner image formation stations 20 and 21, on the other hand, is in principle not limited for any particular reason.
  • the fusing speed may be desirable to adjust the fusing speed independently from the toner image transfer speed, i.e. the belt speed, for obtaining optimum results. It should be noted that the toner image transfer speed in the imaging stations is preferably constant.
  • the length of buffer station 23 is preferably sufficient for receiving the largest sheet size to be processed in the apparatus.
  • Buffer station 23 operating initially at the speed of the photoconductive belts of devices 20 and 21, the speed of this station is reduced to the processing speed of fuser station 25 as the trailing edge of the sheet has left toner image forming station 21.
  • Fusing station 25 can be of known construction, and can be arranged for radiation or flash fusing, for fusing by convection and/or by pressure, etc. The fused sheet is finally received on platform 14.
  • the path of the receptor support also referred to as sheet, is preferably substantially rectilinear. Therefore, the preferred embodiment of the invention comprises transport means imparting a rectilinear movement to the receptor means, as shown in Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic drawing of a side-view of a preferred embodiment, wherein a belt 24 is supported by rollers 51 and 52.
  • the belt 24 is moved by driving means, not shown, and transports a sheet-like receptor support 95 holding a toner image 96 at each side.
  • the belt 24 is grounded by an electric grounding device 90, indicated symbolically in Fig. 2.
  • a scraper 80 removes the toner from the belt.
  • Charge generating devices 60 to 62 and 70 spray charges having a polarity as indicated by (+) and (-) respectively; the polarity of the toner charge is indicated by (-).
  • the invention is however not limited to the charge polarities shown in Fig. 2 - e.g. in case of a positive (+) toner charge, all charge signs should preferably be reversed, as will become clear from the description hereinafter.
  • the number of charge generating devices is not limited to that shown in Fig. 2, but can be larger, e.g. 5 or 6, or smaller, e.g. 2.
  • the position of the charge generating devices with respect to the belt can also be different.
  • the belt 24 can be made of several materials.
  • the surface of the belt, contacting the receptor support, can be conductive or non-conductive.
  • Examples of a belt with a conductive surface include: a metal belt, a polymer belt (e.g. PET) covered with a metal layer e.g. aluminium) at its outer circumference.
  • the belt preferably comprises at least two layers, of which at least one layer is conductive, while the outer surface layer is non-conductive; examples include: a conductive belt covered with teflon, a conductive belt covered with an organic photoconductor.
  • a conductive material has a time constant ⁇ smaller than 10 seconds.
  • the conductive layer of the belt is preferably electrically grounded, e.g. by a brush 90, as is indicated symbolically in Fig. 2.
  • the first charge generating device 60 sprays onto the receptor support charges of the opposite sign to the toner charge, e.g. positive charges (+) are sprayed if the toner charge is negative (-).
  • the function of these charges is twofold: first, attaching the receptor support electrostatically to the belt, and second, increasing the electrostatic force that is attracting the toner image to the receptor support.
  • the first function is important in transporting the receptor support, the second in minimising toner transfer from the receptor support to the belt, and hence minimising damage to the toner image contacting the belt surface, even when there is a slight slip ( ⁇ 4 %) between the sheet-like receptor support and the surface of the belt.
  • Spraying charges onto the receptor support of the opposite sign of the toner charge thus offers the important advantage that damage to the toner image is lessened. This is especially important in obtaining images of high, near offset quality.
  • the function of the charge generating devices 61 and 62 is identical to the function of charge generating device 60.
  • the required number of devices 60 to 62 depends on the belt type used. In case of a belt with conductive surface, a maximum time interval between two charge spraying actions is preferably not exceeded. In a preferred embodiment, the distance between two such charge generating devices does not exceed the sheet-length of the support. In a preferred embodiment, the support is electrostatically charged before it contacts the belt surface.
  • the charge generating devices 60 to 62 are preferably set to the lowest possible voltage that still charges the receptor support, as this minimises what is called the "re-transfer" of toner, i.e. the amount of toner carried over from the receptor support to the belt. This can be achieved by driving the charge generating device by a current regulator. We have found that re-transfer from the receptor support to the belt increases with increasing voltage of the charge generating devices 60 to 62. On the other hand, devices 60 to 62 preferably should be set at a minimum voltage, since below this minimum voltage, the receptor support is not charged, which also results in larger re-transfer.
  • charge generating device 60 is preferably set at a voltage between 3.75 kV and 4.50 kV to keep toner re-transfer less than 1 %, in the following test set-up: the belt is a metal belt having at its outer circumference a non-conductive layer of 25 ⁇ m of teflon; device 60 is a corotron, the distance between the corona-wire and the belt is chosen 11 mm; the receptor support is Agfa 1001 paper (trade mark); the toner is cyan, the amount of toner is 0.70 mg/cm 2 ; the belt speed is 12.5 cm/s; the relative humidity is 45 %.
  • device 70 charges said non-conductive surface with a charge of equal polarity to the toner charge, e.g. negative (-), before the receptor support contacts the belt. If the belt surface is not suitably charged, or if a belt with a conductive surface is used, a relative motion of the receptor support with respect to the belt may cause blurring of the toner image, whereas applying the aforesaid charge to the belt surface has shown to minimise blurring of the toner image, which is an important advantage.
  • a possible cause of said relative motion of the receptor support with respect to the belt can be the following: a large portion of the receptor support has not yet left the station preceding the buffer, and its speed is mainly determined by said preceding station, whereas a speed difference may exist - e.g. because of mechanical tolerances - between the surface of the belt and said preceding station.
  • Another possible cause of said relative motion of the receptor support with respect to the belt can be speed variations due to the transfer station drive and/or speed variations due to the fuser station drive.
  • an advantage of the embodiments described above is that good image quality can be obtained, in spite of variations of the speed of the receptor support, as enforced by the preceding (transfer) station or by the following (fuser) station.
  • the preceding and the following station may each have an own speed, e.g. a first speed of 295 mm/s for the transfer station and a second speed of 100 mm/s for the fuser station.
  • the length of buffer station 23 is preferably sufficient for receiving the largest sheet size to be processed, so that the speed of the buffer station 23 can be reduced - or increased - from the first speed to the second speed.
  • a scraper 80 removes the toner from the belt.
  • Various materials can be used for the scraper blade, e.g. polyurethane.
  • the scraper blade is pressed against the belt: the force exerted onto the scraper should be large enough, yet not too large, for optimal contact between scraper blade and belt, and hence for optimal belt cleaning results.
  • the contacting force is preferably chosen between 12 and 30 N/m.
  • a first preferred embodiment is the one corresponding to Fig. 2, in which four charge generating devices 60, 61, 62 and 70 are used, and in which the belt is a metal belt.
  • a second, more preferred embodiment also corresponds to Fig. 2, but here only two charge generating devices 60 and 70 are used, while the belt comprises a conductive layer covered with a non-conductive outer surface layer, e.g. an organic photoconductor.
  • a third, still more preferred embodiment also corresponds to Fig. 2. Only two charge generating devices 60 and 70 are used and the belt comprises a conductive layer, covered with a non-conductive outer surface layer that is very abhesive, e.g. teflon.
  • Belt 24 was a metal belt, with an outer surface layer of 25 ⁇ m teflon.
  • the belt supporting rollers 51 and 52 had a diameter of 32 mm.
  • the speed was variable between 60 mm/s and 295 mm/s.
  • the charge generating device 60 was a corotron; the distance from corona-wire to belt was 11 mm, the voltage of the corona-wire was 4 kV.
  • the charge generating device 70 was a scorotron; the grid distance was 1 mm.
  • the scraper 80 was formed by a Hokushin Sealingblade, made of polyurethane, type 237900, with a hardness of 70 Shore A. A force was exerted between scraper and belt of 24 N/m.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Transportsystem (23) zum Transportieren eines blattähnlichen Empfängerträgers (95), welcher auf mindestens einer Seite desselben Partikel (96) mit einer elektrostatischen Ladung trägt, wobei das Transportsystem (23) folgendes aufweist:
    - eine Oberfläche (24) auf dem Transportsystem (23) zum Berühren der mindestens einen Seite des Trägers (95) und zum Transportieren des Trägers (95);
    - eine erste Ladungserzeugungsvorrichtung (60, 61, 62) zum Anlegen erster elektrostatischer Ladungen an den Träger (95) und dadurch Bilden einer elektrostatischen Anziehung zwischen dem Träger (95) und der Oberfläche (24);
    - eine zweite Ladungserzeugungsvorrichtung (70) zum Anlegen zweiter elektrostatischer Ladungen an die Oberfläche (24) und dadurch Bilden einer elektrostatischen Anziehung zwischen dem Träger (95) und der Oberfläche (24);
    wobei die erste Ladungserzeugurlgsvorrichtung (60, 61, 62) zum Erzeugen erster elektrostatischer Ladungen angeordnet ist, welche eine der Polarität der elektrostatischen Ladung des Partikels entgegengesetzte Polarität aufweisen, und die zweite Ladungserzeugungsvorriahtung (70) zum Erzeugen zweiter elektrostatischer Ladungen angeordnet ist, welche eine der Polarität der elektrostatischen Ladung des Partikels entsprechende Polarität aufweisen.
  2. Transportsystem nach Anspruch 1, wobei die erste Ladungserzeugungsvorrichtung (60, 61, 62) eine Einrichtung zum Anlegen der ersten elektrostatischen Ladungen an den Träger (95), bevor der Träger (95) die Oberfläche (24) berührt, aufweist.
  3. Transportsystem nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, welches eine Vielzahl an ersten Ladungserzeugungsvorrichtungen (60, 61, 62) in einem wechselseitigen Abstand enthält, welcher nicht größer als eine Mindestlänge des Trägers (95) ist.
  4. Transportsystem nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Partikel (96) Tonerpartikel mit einer elektrostatischen Ladung sind.
  5. Transportsystem nach Anspruch 1, wobei die zweite Ladungserzeugungsvorrichtung (70) aus einem Korotron (Corotron) und Scorotron (screened Corotron) ausgewählt wird.
  6. Transportsystem nach Anspruch 5, wobei die zweite Ladungserzeugungsvorrichtung (70) einen Stromregler aufweist.
  7. Transportsystem nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Transportsystem
    - eine leitende Schicht; und
    - eine die leitende Schicht berührende nicht leitende Schicht zum Berühren des Trägers (95) aufweist.
  8. Transportsystem nach Anspruch 7, welches eine Einrichtung (90) zum elektrischen Erden der leitenden Schicht aufweist.
  9. Transportsystem nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, wobei die nicht leitende Schicht ein antiadhäsives Material aufweist.
  10. Transportsystem nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Träger die Partikel (96) auf beiden Seiten trägt.
  11. Transportsystem nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, welches eine Antriebseinrichtung zum Antreiben der Oberfläche (24) mit einer variablen Geschwindigkeit aufweist.
  12. Kombination eines Transportsystems nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche und einer Drucker- oder Kopierervorrichtung, welche zum Erzeugen eines blattähnlichen Empfängerträgers (95) fähig ist, welcher Partikel (96) mit einer elektrostatischen Ladung trägt.
  13. Kombination nach Anspruch 12, wobei das Transportsystem positioniert ist, um den Träger (95) vom Drucker oder Kopierer zu einer Fixierstation (25) zu transportieren.
  14. Verfahren zum Transportieren eines blattähnlichen Empfängerträgers (95), welcher auf mindestens einer Seite desselben Partikel (96) mit einer elektrostatischen Ladung trägt, wobei das Verfahren Folgendes aufweist:
    - Berühren der mindestens einen Seite des Trägers (95) mit einer Oberfläche (24) und Bewegen der Oberfläche, um den Träger (95) zu transportieren;
    - Anlegen erster elektrostatischer Ladungen an den Träger (95), um eine elektrostatische Anziehung zwischen dem Träger (95) und der Oberfläche (24) zu bilden; und
    - Anlegen zweiter elektrostatischer Ladungen an die Oberfläche (24), um eine elektrostatische Anziehung zwischen dem Träger (95) und der Oberfläche (24) zu bilden;
    wobei die ersten elektrostatischen Ladungen eine der Polarität der elektrostatischen Ladung des Partikels entgegengesetzte Polarität aufweisen und die zweiten elektrostatischen Ladungen eine der Polarität der elektrostatischen Ladung des Partikels entsprechende Polarität aufweisen.
EP19980200361 1997-03-17 1998-02-06 Elektrostatisches Transportsystem für Blätter mit Tonerbildern Expired - Lifetime EP0866381B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19980200361 EP0866381B1 (de) 1997-03-17 1998-02-06 Elektrostatisches Transportsystem für Blätter mit Tonerbildern

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97200790 1997-03-17
EP97200790 1997-03-17
EP19980200361 EP0866381B1 (de) 1997-03-17 1998-02-06 Elektrostatisches Transportsystem für Blätter mit Tonerbildern

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EP0866381A1 EP0866381A1 (de) 1998-09-23
EP0866381B1 true EP0866381B1 (de) 2007-10-31

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Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE60038510D1 (de) 2000-02-23 2008-05-15 Agfa Graphics Nv Kompakter Drucker und Verfahren
JP4678050B2 (ja) * 2008-11-11 2011-04-27 ブラザー工業株式会社 搬送装置及び記録装置
US10493777B1 (en) 2018-07-31 2019-12-03 Xerox Corporation Electric field generating transport member
US10723152B2 (en) 2018-07-31 2020-07-28 Xerox Corporation Electric field generating transport member

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4369729A (en) * 1980-08-18 1983-01-25 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image recording apparatus
US5045892A (en) * 1987-09-30 1991-09-03 Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Recording paper transport mechanism
JPH0687178B2 (ja) * 1988-07-01 1994-11-02 バンドー化学株式会社 誘電体シートの搬送装置
US5050859A (en) * 1990-06-18 1991-09-24 Eastman Kodak Company Variable speed sheet transport system

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