EP0860894A1 - Miniature resonant antenna in the form of annular microstrips - Google Patents

Miniature resonant antenna in the form of annular microstrips Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0860894A1
EP0860894A1 EP98400437A EP98400437A EP0860894A1 EP 0860894 A1 EP0860894 A1 EP 0860894A1 EP 98400437 A EP98400437 A EP 98400437A EP 98400437 A EP98400437 A EP 98400437A EP 0860894 A1 EP0860894 A1 EP 0860894A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna according
ring
antenna
sections
previous
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98400437A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0860894B1 (en
Inventor
Hervé Legay
Thierry Rostan
Frédéric Croq
Michel Gomez-Henry
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Original Assignee
Alcatel SA
Alcatel Alsthom Compagnie Generale dElectricite
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Publication of EP0860894A1 publication Critical patent/EP0860894A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0464—Annular ring patch

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna for transmitting or reception of the microwave domain. It relates more particularly a flat antenna made of microstrip technology, which has the general shape of a ring, and is of resonant type.
  • Antennas of this type have a small footprint and a low mass. They are therefore used for on-board applications, especially for space vehicles and the satellites.
  • the invention aims to provide a resonant antenna for annular shape which is of minimal bulk and which presents maximum angular coverage with polarization purity preserved in this angular cover.
  • the flat antenna, resonant type has the general shape of a ring with meanders or slots.
  • This form of meandering or niche ring allows maximize the length of the periphery in a predetermined space, that is to say to minimize the space requirement for a length wave.
  • the guided wavelength in the antenna being proportional to the length of the periphery, for the same wavelength, the size (i.e. the occupied surface) of an antenna according to the invention is lower than the size of an antenna of the same type with a circular ring.
  • the reduction in the size of the antenna is favorable to increasing its omnidirectionality.
  • two successive radial portions must have an orientation and dimensions such that they generate stray fields which compensate each other. It is preferable that the distance between these successive radial portions is weak.
  • the radial portions are, as a whole, shaped so that they do not produce no disturbance field of the signal polarization at issue.
  • the excitation of the antenna is performed on the outer section of the ring.
  • the ratio of the largest diameter to smallest diameter is at most equal to two.
  • the ring has eight or sixteen sections in total.
  • the meander or slot ring is either a deposit metal on a substrate, i.e. a slot provided in a deposit metallic.
  • the dielectric permittivity of the substrate because the wavelength guided in the antenna is substantially proportional to the square root of this permittivity dielectric.
  • the increase in this permittivity is not, either, favorable to the maintenance of the purity of polarization.
  • a suitable degree of polarization purity could be maintained if the dielectric permittivity was of the order of 1.5. But we do not have a material with this permittivity.
  • the width of these meanders or slots is of the order of 0.2 times the diameter.
  • the antenna shown in Figure 1 is intended for receive or transmit microwave signals in two bands, namely, on the one hand, the S band at 2 GHz and, on the other hand, the UHF band at 400 MHz.
  • This antenna is mainly intended to be located on small satellites, such as satellites assigned to the location of objects or for missions measurement or remote control with conventional satellites. Because of this application, it must present a small footprint, wide angular coverage for both frequency bands as well as circular polarization with a suitable ellipticity rate over this wide angular coverage, especially for the most distant orientations from the axis.
  • the antenna 10 shown in FIG. 1 is of the type combined. It is formed by the association of two planar antennas concentric, respectively 14 and 16. Each of the antennas 14 and 16 and the assembly 10 have an axis 12 of symmetry of rotation.
  • the central antenna 14, of smaller dimensions, is for the 2 GHz S-band and the outdoor antenna 16, of larger dimensions, is intended for the UHF band at 400 MHz.
  • Each of the individual antennas 14, 16 has a dielectric substrate, respectively 18 and 20, on which is deposited a conductive ring, respectively 22 and 24. Both rings 22 and 24 are centered on axis 12.
  • Each of the substrates is enclosed in a metal housing of cylindrical shape with an axis 12.
  • the housing for the antenna 14 has the reference 25 and the housing for the antenna 16 has the reference 26.
  • the latter housing is limited, of a on the one hand, by a cylindrical outer wall 26 1 and, on the other hand, by an inner cylindrical wall 26 2 at a short distance from the wall of the housing 25.
  • the space 28 formed between the wall of the housing 25 and the wall 26 2 has a length (in the direction of the axis 12) equal to a quarter of the length of the S-band waves, that is to say 35 mm about. It is open, in 29, on the side where the emission occurs. It constitutes a trap intended to prevent the propagation of leakage currents from the ring 22 to the ring 24.
  • a metal filling ring 36 can be arranged at the bottom of the space 28 to adjust the length (parallel to axis 12) of this space 28 so that it is equal to the quarter of the wavelength of the S band.
  • the walls 25 and 26 2 can be formed from the same sheet of metal.
  • a metal ring or crown 30 Around the housing 26, substantially in the plane of the ring 24, and therefore perpendicular to the axis 12, is a metal ring or crown 30.
  • the inner rim 32 of the crown 30 is connected to a skirt 34 moving away, on the one hand, from the crown 30 in the direction from the bottom of the housing 26 and, on the other hand, from the axis 12.
  • the angle formed, in the plane of Figure 1, by the plane of the crown 30 and the skirt 34 is of the order of 45 °.
  • the ring 22 radiates in a cone of axis 12 of half angle at the top ⁇ equal to about 60 °. However, there is still a radiation outside this cone.
  • the purpose of crown 30 is to diffract waves deflected outward to increase omnidirectionality antenna 14.
  • the crown 30 tended to degrade the circular polarization of the radiation, that is, to degrade the rate of ellipticity.
  • the experience has shown that the skirt 34 made it possible to maintain a rate of ellipticity waves with circular polarization close to 1, especially for directions forming a large angle with axis 12.
  • the ellipticity rate can be adjusted empirically by varying the orientation of the skirt 34, that is to say the angle that it forms with the plane of the crown 30 as well as by making vary its dimensions.
  • the outer edge 34 1 of the skirt 34 is further from the axis 12 than the outer edge 30 1 of the crown 30.
  • the inside diameter of the crown 30 is 256 mm, its outside diameter 300 mm, while the outer diameter of the skirt 34 - which has a generally frustoconical shape - is 348 mm.
  • Skirt 34 is thought to create wave diffraction in S-band which opposes the negative effect of the diffracting crown 30 on the ellipticity rate of S-band waves
  • housings or cavities 25 and 26 contribute to symmetrizing the radiation diagram around axis 12 and to improve the ellipticity rate.
  • the dielectric substrates 18 and 20 have a relative dielectric permittivity ⁇ r of the order of 2.5. As indicated above, the higher this dielectric permittivity, the more the dimensions of the antennas can be reduced. However, the increase in the dielectric constant is unfavorable for maintaining the circular polarization. This is why, in the example, the constant ⁇ r does not exceed the value 2.5.
  • Figures 1a, 1b and 1c are diagrams allowing to highlight the advantages, on the one hand, of the quarter trap wave formed by the annular space 28 and, on the other hand, diffracting elements 30 and 34.
  • Figure la is a diagram for an analogous antenna to that of Figure 1 but lacking, on the one hand, the quarter trap wave 28 and, on the other hand, diffracting elements 30 and 34.
  • Curve 40 corresponds to normal polarization and the curves 41 correspond to the cross polarization.
  • the purity of circular polarization is all the greater as large difference between curves 40 and 41.
  • the emission weakens appreciably as soon as moves away from axis 12.
  • Figure 1b corresponds to an antenna similar to that of figure 1, with a quarter-wave trap 28, however deprived diffracting elements 30 and 34.
  • FIG. 1c corresponds to the antenna shown in FIG. 1, with a quarter-wave trap 28, the crown 30 and the skirt 34. It can be seen, compared with FIG. 1b, that omnidirectionality is everything quite satisfactory up to an angle ⁇ of 60 °. In addition, the purity of circular polarization is significantly improved between the angles 30 ° and 60 °, the distance between the curves 40 2 and 41 2 being significantly greater.
  • the compactness of the antenna is increased by giving a crenellated shape or by meanders at rings 22 and 24.
  • the ring 22 comprises, regularly distributed around the axis 12, eight internal segments 46 1 to 46 8 alternated with eight external segments 48 1 to 48 8 . These segments 46 and 48 in the form of arcs of circles are connected at their ends by rectilinear segments 50, of radial directions. Thus, in this example, the radial segments are sixteen.
  • the ring 24 is homothetic with the ring 22.
  • the guided wavelength of the radiation to be transmitted is directly proportional to the electrical length of the ring resonant antenna 14 (14 ') or 16 (16'). This length electric is equal to the sum of the lengths of all segments 46, 48 and 50.
  • an antenna according to the invention has a smaller footprint than a shaped antenna simply circular. Indeed, we note that, compared to a circular ring with the same diameter as the circle on which are arranged the segments 48, the electrical length is increased by approximately the sum of the lengths of the segments 50.
  • the longer the length of the segments 50 is large and the more the efficiency of the antenna decreases.
  • the antenna radiation impedance decreases because the ribbon metallic further obscures the opening; so the proportion of energy dissipated in the conductor or the dielectric is more important. It is therefore preferable that the ratio between the diameter outside and inside diameter be at most around of two.
  • Figure 4 shows, in exploded perspective, the various components of the antenna combined with 22 'rings and 24 ′ of the type of those in FIG. 3.
  • the crown 30 and the skirt 34 inclined at 45 ° constitute a single piece holding 50.
  • the 24 'and 22' rings are made by engraving on dielectric substrates, respectively 18 and 20, of a material called "polypenco".
  • the rings 22 'and 24' separated from the substrates 18 and 20; but it goes from these rings are deposited on the respective substrates 18 and 20.
  • a coaxial cable 60 passes through the bottom 52 of the housing 25 to bring the excitation signal to the distributor 54.
  • the role of the latter is to distribute, with appropriate phase shifts, the excitation signal between the four exterior segments 48 'of the 14 'ring.
  • a distributor 58 is arranged between the bottom 56 of the housing 26 and the dielectric 20 .
  • a coaxial cable 62 crosses the bottom 56 to bring the UHF excitation signal to the distributor 58 which distributes, with appropriate phase shifts, this excitation signal between the four outer segments of the ring 24 '.
  • FIGS 5, 6 and 7 show the distributor 54.
  • the circuits 64 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, allow, from the excitation signal provided by the coaxial 60, to obtain a circular polarization. To this end, they supply the four exterior segments 48 ′ with phase shifts successive 90 °.
  • the signal brought by the coaxial 60 is applied to an input 66 which, as shown in FIG. 5, is connected to the input of a 180 ° phase shifter 70 via a transformer 68.
  • the output 70 1 without phase shift of the phase shifter 70 is connected to a port 74 which is itself connected to a 90 ° phase shifter 78 via a transformer 76.
  • the output 70 2 with 180 ° phase shift from the phase shifter 70 is connected to a another port 80, which is connected to a second 90 ° phase shifter 84 by means of a transformer 82.
  • the output 78 1 without phase shift of the phase shifter 78 is connected to a first output 90 1 of the circuit 64 via a transformer 86 and an adapter 88.
  • the output 90 1 is connected to a first external segment of the 22 'ring.
  • the 90 ° phase shift output 78 2 of the phase shifter 78 is connected to a second output 90 2 , via another transformer and another adapter.
  • the outlet 90 2 is connected to a second outer segment of the ring 22 '.
  • phase-free output 84 1 of the phase shifter 84 is connected to the third output 90 3 via a transformer and an adapter.
  • This outlet 90 3 is connected to a third outer segment of the ring 22 '.
  • the output 84 2 of 90 ° phase shift from the phase shifter 84 is connected to the fourth output 90 4 of the circuit 64 by means of a transformer and an adapter.
  • This outlet 90 4 is connected to a fourth outer segment of the ring 22 '.
  • the signal on output 90 1 is in phase with the input signal on the first port 66, while the signals on outputs 90 2 , 90 3 and 90 4 are phase shifted by 90 °, 180 ° and 270 ° respectively. relative to the input signal.
  • the outlets 90 1 to 90 4 are located on the periphery of the cutouts and regularly distributed; these outputs are in line with the outer segments of the ring 22 'to which they are connected.
  • the cutouts metallic are sandwiched between dielectric distributors, 102 and 104 respectively.
  • each output 90 of circuit 64 is effected by means of a probe 92.
  • Four probes are therefore provided. In FIG. 7, the probe 92 1 is shown .
  • the distributor 64, 102, 104 is enclosed in a housing metallic 106 constituting a trap preventing excitation of surface waves on the distributor.
  • circuit 64 is made using metal engravings on a substrate.
  • a diffraction ring 30 surrounds the outermost antenna and this crown 30 is integral with a skirt 34 oriented substantially at 45 ° relative to the plane of the crown 30.
  • a quarter trap wave 28 prevents the propagation of a leakage current from the cavity excited towards the surrounding cavities.
  • a quarter wave trap 116 prevents the propagation of a current of leak to antenna 114.
  • the trap 116 is of greater length (along the axis) that the trap 28 because it is intended to eliminate lengths wave, those of the signals emitted by the antenna 112.
  • a number of antennas can be provided concentric greater than three.
  • FIG. 9 represents a resonant annular cavity which applies more particularly to a slot antenna.
  • this example could apply also to a resonant ring antenna formed by a conductor metallic.
  • the ring 130 is constituted by a slot 132 in a metallic conductor 134.
  • This ring 130 forms meanders each having substantially the shape of a petal. Number of petals is, in this embodiment, equal to 8.
  • the excitation be performed on the outer segments using a coaxial cable, it is also possible to provide excitation by coupling proximity with a microstrip line or with a slit in the ground plane, that is to say in a bottom of the cavity.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

The antenna comprises a ring whose edge length determines the wavelength guide into it. The edge has radial meanders or slots which together produce no field to disturb the transmitted signal polarity. The fields produced by the meanders or slots compensate each other. The ring has two concentric sections whose diameter ratio is at most two.

Description

L'invention est relative à une antenne d'émission ou de réception du domaine des hyperfréquences. Elle concerne plus particulièrement une antenne plate réalisée en technologie microruban, qui a la forme générale d'un anneau, et est de type résonnante.The invention relates to an antenna for transmitting or reception of the microwave domain. It relates more particularly a flat antenna made of microstrip technology, which has the general shape of a ring, and is of resonant type.

Les antennes de ce type présentent un faible encombrement et une faible masse. Elles sont donc utilisées pour les applications embarquées, notamment pour les véhicules spatiaux et les satellites.Antennas of this type have a small footprint and a low mass. They are therefore used for on-board applications, especially for space vehicles and the satellites.

On a souvent besoin, en particulier pour les applications spatiales, d'antennes omnidirectionnelles, c'est-à-dire pouvant émettre ou recevoir dans un angle solide de grande valeur.We often need, especially for applications spatial, omnidirectional antennas, that is to say capable of transmitting or receiving in a solid angle of large value.

Mais on a constaté que l'exigence d'omnidirectionnalité est difficile à concilier avec l'exigence de conservation de la pureté de la polarisation des ondes électromagnétiques à émettre ou recevoir.But we found that the requirement of omnidirectionality is difficult to reconcile with the conservation requirement of the purity of the polarization of the electromagnetic waves to be emitted or receive.

En particulier, quand l'onde à émettre (ou recevoir) doit présenter une polarisation circulaire, il faut conserver un taux d'ellipticité proche de 1 dans toutes les directions d'émission (ou de réception). Cette contrainte n'est pas aisée à respecter pour les antennes planes.In particular, when the wave to transmit (or receive) must have a circular polarization, a ellipticity rate close to 1 in all emission directions (or reception). This constraint is not easy to respect for flat antennas.

L'invention vise à fournir une antenne résonnante de forme annulaire qui soit d'un encombrement minimal et qui présente une couverture angulaire maximale avec une pureté de polarisation préservée dans cette couverture angulaire.The invention aims to provide a resonant antenna for annular shape which is of minimal bulk and which presents maximum angular coverage with polarization purity preserved in this angular cover.

Elle est caractérisée en ce que l'antenne plate, de type résonnante, a la forme générale d'un anneau avec méandres ou créneaux.It is characterized in that the flat antenna, resonant type, has the general shape of a ring with meanders or slots.

Cette forme d'anneau à méandres ou créneaux permet de maximiser la longueur de la périphérie dans un encombrement prédéterminé, c'est-à-dire de minimiser l'encombrement pour une longueur d'onde déterminée. En effet, la longueur d'onde guidée dans l'antenne étant proportionnelle à la longueur de la périphérie, pour une même longueur d'onde, l'encombrement (c'est-à-dire la surface occupée) d'une antenne selon l'invention est plus faible que l'encombrement d'une antenne du même type à anneau circulaire.This form of meandering or niche ring allows maximize the length of the periphery in a predetermined space, that is to say to minimize the space requirement for a length wave. Indeed, the guided wavelength in the antenna being proportional to the length of the periphery, for the same wavelength, the size (i.e. the occupied surface) of an antenna according to the invention is lower than the size of an antenna of the same type with a circular ring.

La diminution de la taille de l'antenne est favorable à l'augmentation de son omnidirectionnalité.The reduction in the size of the antenna is favorable to increasing its omnidirectionality.

Par ailleurs, on a constaté que, malgré la présence de parties sensiblement radiales, par rapport à une antenne en forme d'anneau circulaire (sans créneaux ou méandres), la pureté de la polarisation, en particulier de la polarisation circulaire, n'était pas altérée. Ce résultat est surprenant car chaque portion radiale engendre un champ électrique perpendiculaire, parasite pour la polarisation. On pense que le maintien de la pureté de polarisation a pour origine le fait qu'à chaque portion ou brin radial, est associé une autre portion ou brin radial créant un champ en sens contraire qui compense le champ parasite de la première portion.Furthermore, it was found that, despite the presence of substantially radial parts, relative to a shaped antenna circular ring (without slots or meanders), the purity of the polarization, in particular circular polarization, was not altered. This result is surprising because each radial portion generates a perpendicular electric field, parasitic for polarization. Maintaining the polarization purity comes from the fact that with each serving or radial strand, is associated with another portion or radial strand creating a field in the opposite direction which compensates for the stray field of the first portion.

Ainsi, selon une autre disposition de l'invention, deux portions radiales successives doivent présenter une orientation et des dimensions telles qu'elles engendrent des champs parasites qui se compensent. Il est préférable que la distance entre ces portions radiales successives soit faible.Thus, according to another provision of the invention, two successive radial portions must have an orientation and dimensions such that they generate stray fields which compensate each other. It is preferable that the distance between these successive radial portions is weak.

De façon plus générale, les portions radiales sont, dans leur ensemble, conformées de façon telle qu'elles ne produisent pas de champ perturbateur de la polarisation du signal à émettre.More generally, the radial portions are, as a whole, shaped so that they do not produce no disturbance field of the signal polarization at issue.

Dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'excitation de l'antenne est effectuée sur la section extérieure de l'anneau.In one embodiment of the invention, the excitation of the antenna is performed on the outer section of the ring.

De préférence, le rapport du plus grand diamètre au plus petit diamètre est au plus égal à deux.Preferably, the ratio of the largest diameter to smallest diameter is at most equal to two.

Dans un exemple, l'anneau comporte huit ou seize sections au total.In one example, the ring has eight or sixteen sections in total.

L'anneau à méandres ou créneaux est soit un dépôt métallique sur un substrat, soit une fente prévue dans un dépôt métallique.The meander or slot ring is either a deposit metal on a substrate, i.e. a slot provided in a deposit metallic.

Pour minimiser les dimensions de l'antenne, on sait aussi qu'on a intérêt à augmenter la permittivité diélectrique du substrat car la longueur d'onde guidée dans l'antenne est sensiblement proportionnelle à la racine carrée de cette permittivité diélectrique. Toutefois, l'augmentation de cette permittivité n'est pas, non plus, favorable au maintien de la pureté de polarisation. Un degré convenable de pureté de polarisation pourrait être maintenu si la permittivité diélectrique était de l'ordre de 1,5. Mais on ne dispose pas d'un matériau ayant cette permittivité. Toutefois, avec un matériau de permittivité 2,5 environ, on peut conserver un bon degré de pureté à condition que l'antenne annulaire soit déposée sur un substrat qui comporte également un logement à parois métalliques sensiblement perpendiculaires au plan du substrat, par exemple de forme cylindrique de section circulaire. Ainsi, on obtient une miniaturisation accrue de l'élément rayonnant, avec conservation de la pureté de polarisation sur un angle important, en combinant cette dernière disposition - qui consiste en un chargement diélectrique - avec le crénelage de l'anneau. To minimize the dimensions of the antenna, we know also that it is advantageous to increase the dielectric permittivity of the substrate because the wavelength guided in the antenna is substantially proportional to the square root of this permittivity dielectric. However, the increase in this permittivity is not, either, favorable to the maintenance of the purity of polarization. A suitable degree of polarization purity could be maintained if the dielectric permittivity was of the order of 1.5. But we do not have a material with this permittivity. However, with a material with about 2.5 permittivity, we can keep a good degree of purity provided that the antenna annular is deposited on a substrate which also has a housing with substantially perpendicular metal walls in the plane of the substrate, for example of cylindrical shape of circular section. Thus, we obtain an increased miniaturization of the radiating element, with conservation of the polarization purity on a large angle, by combining this last arrangement - which consists of a dielectric charge - with the aliasing of the ring.

Dans un mode de réalisation, pour lequel le nombre de méandres ou créneaux est égal à quatre, la largeur de ces méandres ou créneaux est de l'ordre de 0,2 fois le diamètre.In one embodiment, for which the number of meanders or slots equals four, the width of these meanders or slots is of the order of 0.2 times the diameter.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaítront avec la description de certains de ses modes de réalisation, celle-ci étant effectuée en se référant aux dessins ci-annexés sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est un schéma en coupe d'une antenne selon l'invention, utilisable pour deux bandes de fréquences,
  • les figures 1a, 1b et 1c sont des diagrammes mettant en évidence des avantages de l'antenne de la figure 1,
  • la figure 2 est un schéma en plan d'un anneau d'une antenne conforme à l'invention,
  • la figure 3 est un schéma en plan des deux anneaux d'une antenne selon l'invention, mais pour un autre mode de réalisation,
  • la figure 4 est un schéma en perspective éclatée d'une antenne du type de celle de la figure 1,
  • la figure 5 est un schéma électrique d'alimentation d'un anneau de l'antenne de la figure 4,
  • la figure 6 est un schéma correspondant à un mode de réalisation de la figure 5,
  • la figure 7 est un schéma correspondant aussi à un mode de réalisation de la figure 5,
  • la figure 8 est un schéma simplifié correspondant à celui de la figure 1, mais pour une variante, et
  • la figure 9 est un schéma en plan d'un anneau pour une variante.
    • Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear with the description of some of its embodiments, this being carried out with reference to the attached drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional diagram of an antenna according to the invention, usable for two frequency bands,
  • FIGS. 1a, 1b and 1c are diagrams showing the advantages of the antenna of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 2 is a plan diagram of a ring of an antenna according to the invention,
  • FIG. 3 is a plan diagram of the two rings of an antenna according to the invention, but for another embodiment,
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective diagram of an antenna of the type of that of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 5 is an electrical diagram of the supply of a ring of the antenna of FIG. 4,
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram corresponding to an embodiment of FIG. 5,
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram also corresponding to an embodiment of FIG. 5,
  • FIG. 8 is a simplified diagram corresponding to that of FIG. 1, but for a variant, and
  • Figure 9 is a plan diagram of a ring for a variant.

    • L'antenne représentée sur la figure 1 est destinée à recevoir ou émettre des signaux hyperfréquences selon deux bandes, à savoir, d'une part, la bande S à 2 GHz et, d'autre part, la bande UHF à 400 MHz.The antenna shown in Figure 1 is intended for receive or transmit microwave signals in two bands, namely, on the one hand, the S band at 2 GHz and, on the other hand, the UHF band at 400 MHz.

    Cette antenne est principalement destinée à être implantée sur des satellites de petite taille, tels que des satellites affectés à la localisation d'objets ou pour des missions de mesure ou de télécommande avec des satellites conventionnels. Du fait de cette application, elle doit présenter un encombrement réduit, une large couverture angulaire pour les deux bandes de fréquences ainsi qu'une polarisation circulaire avec un taux d'ellipticité convenable sur cette large couverture angulaire, notamment pour les orientations les plus éloignées de l'axe.This antenna is mainly intended to be located on small satellites, such as satellites assigned to the location of objects or for missions measurement or remote control with conventional satellites. Because of this application, it must present a small footprint, wide angular coverage for both frequency bands as well as circular polarization with a suitable ellipticity rate over this wide angular coverage, especially for the most distant orientations from the axis.

    L'antenne 10 représentée sur la figure 1 est du type combiné. Elle est formée par l'association de deux antennes planaires concentriques, respectivement 14 et 16. Chacune des antennes 14 et 16 et l'ensemble 10 présentent un axe 12 de symétrie de rotation. L'antenne centrale 14, de plus petites dimensions, est destinée à la bande S à 2 GHz et l'antenne extérieure 16, de plus grandes dimensions, est destinée à la bande UHF à 400 MHz.The antenna 10 shown in FIG. 1 is of the type combined. It is formed by the association of two planar antennas concentric, respectively 14 and 16. Each of the antennas 14 and 16 and the assembly 10 have an axis 12 of symmetry of rotation. The central antenna 14, of smaller dimensions, is for the 2 GHz S-band and the outdoor antenna 16, of larger dimensions, is intended for the UHF band at 400 MHz.

    Chacune des antennes individuelles 14, 16 comporte un substrat diélectrique, respectivement 18 et 20, sur lequel est déposé un anneau conducteur, respectivement 22 et 24. Les deux anneaux 22 et 24 sont centrés sur l'axe 12.Each of the individual antennas 14, 16 has a dielectric substrate, respectively 18 and 20, on which is deposited a conductive ring, respectively 22 and 24. Both rings 22 and 24 are centered on axis 12.

    Des exemples de réalisation des anneaux conducteurs 22 et 24 seront décrits ci-après en relation avec les figures 2 et 3.Examples of embodiment of the conducting rings 22 and 24 will be described below in relation to FIGS. 2 and 3.

    Chacun des substrats est enfermé dans un logement métallique de forme cylindrique d'axe 12. Le logement pour l'antenne 14 a la référence 25 et le logement pour l'antenne 16 a la référence 26. Ce dernier logement est limité, d'une part, par une paroi extérieure cylindrique 261 et, d'autre part, par une paroi cylindrique intérieure 262 à faible distance de la paroi du logement 25.Each of the substrates is enclosed in a metal housing of cylindrical shape with an axis 12. The housing for the antenna 14 has the reference 25 and the housing for the antenna 16 has the reference 26. The latter housing is limited, of a on the one hand, by a cylindrical outer wall 26 1 and, on the other hand, by an inner cylindrical wall 26 2 at a short distance from the wall of the housing 25.

    L'espace 28 ménagé entre la paroi du logement 25 et la paroi 262 a une longueur (dans la direction de l'axe 12) égale au quart de la longueur des ondes en bande S, c'est-à-dire 35 mm environ. Il est ouvert, en 29, du côté où se produit l'émission. Il constitue un piège destiné à empêcher la propagation des courants de fuite de l'anneau 22 vers l'anneau 24. The space 28 formed between the wall of the housing 25 and the wall 26 2 has a length (in the direction of the axis 12) equal to a quarter of the length of the S-band waves, that is to say 35 mm about. It is open, in 29, on the side where the emission occurs. It constitutes a trap intended to prevent the propagation of leakage currents from the ring 22 to the ring 24.

    Un anneau métallique de remplissage 36 peut être disposé au fond de l'espace 28 pour ajuster la longueur (parallèlement à l'axe 12) de cet espace 28 afin qu'elle soit égale au quart de la longueur d'onde de la bande S.A metal filling ring 36 can be arranged at the bottom of the space 28 to adjust the length (parallel to axis 12) of this space 28 so that it is equal to the quarter of the wavelength of the S band.

    Les parois 25 et 262 peuvent être formées à partir de la même feuille de métal.The walls 25 and 26 2 can be formed from the same sheet of metal.

    Autour du logement 26, sensiblement dans le plan de l'anneau 24, et donc perpendiculaire à l'axe 12, se trouve un anneau ou couronne métallique 30.Around the housing 26, substantially in the plane of the ring 24, and therefore perpendicular to the axis 12, is a metal ring or crown 30.

    Le rebord intérieur 32 de la couronne 30 se raccorde à une jupe 34 s'éloignant, d'une part, de la couronne 30 en direction du fond du logement 26 et, d'autre part, de l'axe 12. Dans un exemple l'angle formé, dans le plan de la figure 1, par le plan de la couronne 30 et la jupe 34 est de l'ordre de 45°.The inner rim 32 of the crown 30 is connected to a skirt 34 moving away, on the one hand, from the crown 30 in the direction from the bottom of the housing 26 and, on the other hand, from the axis 12. In an example the angle formed, in the plane of Figure 1, by the plane of the crown 30 and the skirt 34 is of the order of 45 °.

    L'anneau 22 rayonne dans un cône d'axe 12 de demi-angle au sommet  égal à environ 60°. Il subsiste cependant un rayonnement extérieur à ce cône. La couronne 30 a pour but de diffracter les ondes déviées vers l'extérieur afin d'augmenter l'omnidirectionnalité de l'antenne 14.The ring 22 radiates in a cone of axis 12 of half angle at the top  equal to about 60 °. However, there is still a radiation outside this cone. The purpose of crown 30 is to diffract waves deflected outward to increase omnidirectionality antenna 14.

    Cependant, on a constaté que la couronne 30 avait tendance à dégrader la polarisation circulaire du rayonnement, c'est-à-dire à dégrader le taux d'ellipticité. L'expérience a montré que la jupe 34 permettait de conserver un taux d'ellipticité des ondes à polarisation circulaire proche de 1, surtout pour les directions formant un grand angle avec l'axe 12.However, it was found that the crown 30 tended to degrade the circular polarization of the radiation, that is, to degrade the rate of ellipticity. The experience has shown that the skirt 34 made it possible to maintain a rate of ellipticity waves with circular polarization close to 1, especially for directions forming a large angle with axis 12.

    Le taux d'ellipticité peut être réglé empiriquement en faisant varier l'orientation de la jupe 34, c'est-à-dire l'angle qu'elle forme avec le plan de la couronne 30 ainsi qu'en faisant varier ses dimensions.The ellipticity rate can be adjusted empirically by varying the orientation of the skirt 34, that is to say the angle that it forms with the plane of the crown 30 as well as by making vary its dimensions.

    L'arête extérieure 341 de la jupe 34 est plus éloignée de l'axe 12 que l'arête extérieure 301 de la couronne 30.The outer edge 34 1 of the skirt 34 is further from the axis 12 than the outer edge 30 1 of the crown 30.

    Dans un exemple, le diamètre intérieur de la couronne 30 est de 256 mm, son diamètre extérieur de 300 mm, tandis que le diamètre extérieur de la jupe 34 - qui a une forme générale tronconique - est de 348 mm. In one example, the inside diameter of the crown 30 is 256 mm, its outside diameter 300 mm, while the outer diameter of the skirt 34 - which has a generally frustoconical shape - is 348 mm.

    On pense que la jupe 34 crée une diffraction des ondes en bande S qui s'oppose à l'effet négatif de la couronne diffractante 30 sur le taux d'ellipticité des ondes en bande S.Skirt 34 is thought to create wave diffraction in S-band which opposes the negative effect of the diffracting crown 30 on the ellipticity rate of S-band waves

    Il est à noter que les logements ou cavités 25 et 26 contribuent à symétriser le diagramme de rayonnement autour de l'axe 12 et à améliorer le taux d'ellipticité.It should be noted that the housings or cavities 25 and 26 contribute to symmetrizing the radiation diagram around axis 12 and to improve the ellipticity rate.

    Dans l'exemple, les substrats diélectriques 18 et 20 présentent une permittivité diélectrique relative εr de l'ordre de 2,5. Comme indiqué ci-dessus, plus cette permittivité diélectrique est élevée, plus les dimensions des antennes peuvent être réduites. Cependant, l'augmentation de la constante diélectrique est défavorable au maintien de la polarisation circulaire. C'est pourquoi, dans l'exemple, la constante εr ne dépasse pas la valeur 2,5.In the example, the dielectric substrates 18 and 20 have a relative dielectric permittivity ε r of the order of 2.5. As indicated above, the higher this dielectric permittivity, the more the dimensions of the antennas can be reduced. However, the increase in the dielectric constant is unfavorable for maintaining the circular polarization. This is why, in the example, the constant ε r does not exceed the value 2.5.

    Les figures 1a, 1b et 1c sont des diagrammes permettant de mettre en évidence les avantages, d'une part, du piège quart d'onde constitué par l'espace annulaire 28 et, d'autre part, des éléments diffractants 30 et 34.Figures 1a, 1b and 1c are diagrams allowing to highlight the advantages, on the one hand, of the quarter trap wave formed by the annular space 28 and, on the other hand, diffracting elements 30 and 34.

    Sur chacun de ces diagrammes, on a porté en abscisses, l'élévation  (en degrés), c'est-à-dire le demi-angle du cône d'émission d'axe 12, et en ordonnées, les amplitudes en décibels des rayonnements en polarisation normale et en polarisation croisée.On each of these diagrams, we have plotted on the abscissa, elevation  (in degrees), i.e. the half-angle of the cone axis 12 emission, and on the ordinate, the amplitudes in decibels radiation in normal polarization and in cross polarization.

    La figure la est un diagramme pour une antenne analogue à celle de la figure 1 mais dépourvue, d'une part, du piège quart d'onde 28 et, d'autre part, des éléments diffractants 30 et 34.Figure la is a diagram for an analogous antenna to that of Figure 1 but lacking, on the one hand, the quarter trap wave 28 and, on the other hand, diffracting elements 30 and 34.

    La courbe 40 correspond à la polarisation normale et les courbes 41 correspondent à la polarisation croisée. La pureté de la polarisation circulaire est d'autant plus grande qu'est grand l'écart entre les courbes 40 et 41. On voit ainsi que pour un angle  de 0°, c'est-à-dire selon l'axe 12, l'émission est selon une polarisation circulaire. Par contre, quand on s'éloigne de l'axe 12, la polarisation circulaire se dégrade notablement.Curve 40 corresponds to normal polarization and the curves 41 correspond to the cross polarization. The purity of circular polarization is all the greater as large difference between curves 40 and 41. We can see that for an angle  of 0 °, that is to say along the axis 12, the emission is according to a circular polarization. On the other hand, when we move away from axis 12, the circular polarization degrades notably.

    En outre, l'émission s'affaiblit sensiblement dès qu'on s'éloigne de l'axe 12. In addition, the emission weakens appreciably as soon as moves away from axis 12.

    La figure 1b correspond à une antenne analogue à celle de la figure 1, avec un piège 28 quart d'onde, cependant dépourvue des éléments diffractants 30 et 34.Figure 1b corresponds to an antenna similar to that of figure 1, with a quarter-wave trap 28, however deprived diffracting elements 30 and 34.

    On constate que l'omnidirectionnalité ainsi que la pureté de polarisation circulaire sont améliorés par rapport au cas de la figure 1a. Toutefois, la pureté de polarisation circulaire n'est pas entièrement satisfaisante entre 30° et 60°, la distance entre les courbes 411 et 401 restant relativement faible.It is noted that the omnidirectionality as well as the purity of circular polarization are improved compared to the case of FIG. 1a. However, the purity of circular polarization is not entirely satisfactory between 30 ° and 60 °, the distance between the curves 41 1 and 40 1 remaining relatively small.

    Le diagramme de la figure 1c correspond à l'antenne représentée sur la figure 1, avec un piège quart d'onde 28, la couronne 30 et la jupe 34. On constate, par rapport à la figure 1b, que l'omnidirectionnalité est tout à fait satisfaisante jusqu'à un angle  de 60°. En outre, la pureté de polarisation circulaire est nettement améliorée entre les angles 30° et 60°, la distance entre les courbes 402 et 412 étant sensiblement plus importante.The diagram in FIG. 1c corresponds to the antenna shown in FIG. 1, with a quarter-wave trap 28, the crown 30 and the skirt 34. It can be seen, compared with FIG. 1b, that omnidirectionality is everything quite satisfactory up to an angle  of 60 °. In addition, the purity of circular polarization is significantly improved between the angles 30 ° and 60 °, the distance between the curves 40 2 and 41 2 being significantly greater.

    Selon une disposition de l'invention, la compacité de l'antenne est augmentée en conférant une forme crénelée ou en méandres aux anneaux 22 et 24.According to a provision of the invention, the compactness of the antenna is increased by giving a crenellated shape or by meanders at rings 22 and 24.

    Dans l'exemple de la figure 2, l'anneau 22 comporte, régulièrement répartis autour de l'axe 12, huit segments internes 461 à 468 alternés avec huit segments externes 481à 488. Ces segments 46 et 48 en forme d'arcs de cercles se raccordent à leurs extrémités par des segments rectilignes 50, de directions radiales. Ainsi, les segments radiaux sont, dans cet exemple, au nombre de seize. Bien que non représenté sur la figure 2, l'anneau 24 est homothétique de l'anneau 22.In the example of FIG. 2, the ring 22 comprises, regularly distributed around the axis 12, eight internal segments 46 1 to 46 8 alternated with eight external segments 48 1 to 48 8 . These segments 46 and 48 in the form of arcs of circles are connected at their ends by rectilinear segments 50, of radial directions. Thus, in this example, the radial segments are sixteen. Although not shown in FIG. 2, the ring 24 is homothetic with the ring 22.

    Dans l'exemple de la figure 3, on prévoit, pour les antennes S 22' et UHF 24', quatre segments internes et quatre segments externes.In the example of FIG. 3, provision is made for S 22 'and UHF 24' antennas, four internal segments and four external segments.

    La longueur d'onde guidée du rayonnement à transmettre est directement proportionnelle à la longueur électrique de l'anneau de l'antenne résonnante 14 (14') ou 16 (16'). Cette longueur électrique est égale à la somme des longueurs de tous les segments 46, 48 et 50.The guided wavelength of the radiation to be transmitted is directly proportional to the electrical length of the ring resonant antenna 14 (14 ') or 16 (16'). This length electric is equal to the sum of the lengths of all segments 46, 48 and 50.

    Ainsi, pour une même longueur d'onde guidée, c'est-à-dire pour une même fréquence, une antenne selon l'invention présente un encombrement plus réduit qu'une antenne ayant une forme simplement circulaire. En effet, on constate que, par rapport à un anneau circulaire ayant le même diamètre que le cercle sur lequel sont disposés les segments 48, la longueur électrique est augmentée d'environ la somme des longueurs des segments 50.Thus, for the same guided wavelength, that is to say for the same frequency, an antenna according to the invention has a smaller footprint than a shaped antenna simply circular. Indeed, we note that, compared to a circular ring with the same diameter as the circle on which are arranged the segments 48, the electrical length is increased by approximately the sum of the lengths of the segments 50.

    Cependant, on a constaté que plus la longueur des segments 50 est grande et plus le rendement de l'antenne diminue. L'impedance de rayonnement de l'antenne diminue car le ruban métallique masque davantage l'ouverture ; ainsi, la proportion d'énergie dissipée dans le conducteur ou le diélectrique est plus importante. Il est donc préférable que le rapport entre le diamètre extérieur et le diamètre intérieur soit au plus de l'ordre de deux.However, it was found that the longer the length of the segments 50 is large and the more the efficiency of the antenna decreases. The antenna radiation impedance decreases because the ribbon metallic further obscures the opening; so the proportion of energy dissipated in the conductor or the dielectric is more important. It is therefore preferable that the ratio between the diameter outside and inside diameter be at most around of two.

    Par ailleurs, on a observé que la présence des segments 50 de directions radiales n'altérait pratiquement pas le taux d'ellipticité de la polarisation du rayonnement. En effet, un segment de direction radiale a aussi pour inconvénient de perturber le taux d'ellipticité. Toutefois, on pense que c'est la succession de segments parcourus par des courants en sens contraires qui compense l'effet négatif sur le taux d'ellipticité.Furthermore, it was observed that the presence of the segments 50 of radial directions practically did not alter the rate of ellipticity of the polarization of the radiation. Indeed, a the radial direction segment also has the disadvantage of disturbing the ellipticity rate. However, it is believed to be the succession of segments traversed by currents in direction which compensates for the negative effect on the ellipticity rate.

    Il faut donc prendre garde à disposer ces segments de façon telle que l'on obtienne cette compensation.Care must therefore be taken to arrange these segments of in such a way that this compensation is obtained.

    La figure 4 montre, en perspective éclatée, les divers éléments constitutifs de l'antenne combinée avec des anneaux 22' et 24' du type de ceux de la figure 3.Figure 4 shows, in exploded perspective, the various components of the antenna combined with 22 'rings and 24 ′ of the type of those in FIG. 3.

    Comme on peut le voir sur cette figure, la couronne 30 et la jupe 34 inclinée à 45° constituent une pièce d'un seul tenant 50.As can be seen in this figure, the crown 30 and the skirt 34 inclined at 45 ° constitute a single piece holding 50.

    Les anneaux 24' et 22' sont réalisés par gravure sur des substrats diélectriques, respectivement 18 et 20, en un matériau dénommé "polypenco". Sur la figure 4, on a représenté les anneaux 22' et 24' séparés des substrats 18 et 20 ; mais il va de soi que ces anneaux sont déposés sur les substrats respectifs 18 et 20.The 24 'and 22' rings are made by engraving on dielectric substrates, respectively 18 and 20, of a material called "polypenco". In Figure 4, the rings 22 'and 24' separated from the substrates 18 and 20; but it goes from these rings are deposited on the respective substrates 18 and 20.

    Entre le fond 52 du logement 25 et le substrat 18 est disposé un répartiteur 54 qui sera décrit plus loin en relation avec les figures 5 à 7.Between the bottom 52 of the housing 25 and the substrate 18 is disposed a distributor 54 which will be described later in relation with Figures 5 to 7.

    Un câble coaxial 60 traverse le fond 52 du logement 25 pour amener le signal d'excitation au répartiteur 54. Le rôle de ce dernier est de répartir, avec des déphasages appropriés, le signal d'excitation entre les quatre segments extérieurs 48' de l'anneau 14'.A coaxial cable 60 passes through the bottom 52 of the housing 25 to bring the excitation signal to the distributor 54. The role of the latter is to distribute, with appropriate phase shifts, the excitation signal between the four exterior segments 48 'of the 14 'ring.

    De même, entre le fond 56 du logement 26 et le diélectrique 20, est disposé un répartiteur 58.Similarly, between the bottom 56 of the housing 26 and the dielectric 20, a distributor 58 is arranged.

    Un câble coaxial 62 traverse le fond 56 pour amener le signal d'excitation UHF vers le répartiteur 58 qui distribue, avec des déphasages appropriés, ce signal d'excitation entre les quatre segments extérieurs de l'anneau 24'.A coaxial cable 62 crosses the bottom 56 to bring the UHF excitation signal to the distributor 58 which distributes, with appropriate phase shifts, this excitation signal between the four outer segments of the ring 24 '.

    Les figures 5, 6 et 7 représentent le répartiteur 54.Figures 5, 6 and 7 show the distributor 54.

    Les circuits 64, représentés sur les figures 5 et 6, permettent, à partir du signal d'excitation fourni par le coaxial 60, d'obtenir une polarisation circulaire. A cet effet, ils alimentent les quatre segments extérieurs 48' avec des déphasages successifs de 90°.The circuits 64, shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, allow, from the excitation signal provided by the coaxial 60, to obtain a circular polarization. To this end, they supply the four exterior segments 48 ′ with phase shifts successive 90 °.

    Le signal amené par le coaxial 60 est appliqué sur une entrée 66 qui, comme montré sur la figure 5, est connectée à l'entrée d'un déphaseur 70 de 180° par l'intermédiaire d'un transformateur 68. La sortie 701 sans déphasage du déphaseur 70 est reliée à un port 74 qui est connecté lui-même à un déphaseur 78 de 90° par l'intermédiaire d'un transformateur 76. La sortie 702 à déphasage de 180° du déphaseur 70 est reliée à un autre port 80, lequel est connecté à un second déphaseur 84 de 90° par l'intermédiaire d'un transformateur 82.The signal brought by the coaxial 60 is applied to an input 66 which, as shown in FIG. 5, is connected to the input of a 180 ° phase shifter 70 via a transformer 68. The output 70 1 without phase shift of the phase shifter 70 is connected to a port 74 which is itself connected to a 90 ° phase shifter 78 via a transformer 76. The output 70 2 with 180 ° phase shift from the phase shifter 70 is connected to a another port 80, which is connected to a second 90 ° phase shifter 84 by means of a transformer 82.

    La sortie 781 sans déphasage du déphaseur 78 est reliée à une première sortie 901 du circuit 64 par l'intermédiaire d'un transformateur 86 et d'un adaptateur 88. La sortie 901 est connectée à un premier segment extérieur de l'anneau 22'.The output 78 1 without phase shift of the phase shifter 78 is connected to a first output 90 1 of the circuit 64 via a transformer 86 and an adapter 88. The output 90 1 is connected to a first external segment of the 22 'ring.

    De même, la sortie 782 de déphasage 90° du déphaseur 78 est reliée à une seconde sortie 902, par l'intermédiaire d'un autre transformateur et d'un autre adaptateur. La sortie 902 est reliée à un second segment extérieur de l'anneau 22'.Likewise, the 90 ° phase shift output 78 2 of the phase shifter 78 is connected to a second output 90 2 , via another transformer and another adapter. The outlet 90 2 is connected to a second outer segment of the ring 22 '.

    La sortie sans déphasage 841 du déphaseur 84 est reliée à la troisième sortie 903 par l'intermédiaire d'un transformateur et d'un adaptateur. Cette sortie 903 est reliée à un troisième segment extérieur de l'anneau 22'.The phase-free output 84 1 of the phase shifter 84 is connected to the third output 90 3 via a transformer and an adapter. This outlet 90 3 is connected to a third outer segment of the ring 22 '.

    Enfin, la sortie 842 de déphasage de 90° du déphaseur 84 est reliée à la quatrième sortie 904 du circuit 64 par l'intermédiaire d'un transformateur et d'un adaptateur. Cette sortie 904 est reliée à un quatrième segment extérieur de l'anneau 22'.Finally, the output 84 2 of 90 ° phase shift from the phase shifter 84 is connected to the fourth output 90 4 of the circuit 64 by means of a transformer and an adapter. This outlet 90 4 is connected to a fourth outer segment of the ring 22 '.

    Le signal sur la sortie 901 est en phase avec le signal d'entrée sur le premier port 66, tandis que les signaux sur les sorties 902, 903 et 904 sont déphasés respectivement de 90°, 180° et 270° par rapport au signal d'entrée.The signal on output 90 1 is in phase with the input signal on the first port 66, while the signals on outputs 90 2 , 90 3 and 90 4 are phase shifted by 90 °, 180 ° and 270 ° respectively. relative to the input signal.

    Les divers éléments du circuit de la figure 5 sont réalisés à l'aide de découpes métalliques représentées sur la figure 6. Sur cette dernière, on a indiqué les mêmes éléments que ceux de la figure 5, avec les mêmes chiffres de références.The various elements of the circuit of Figure 5 are made using metal cutouts shown on the figure 6. On this last one, we indicated the same elements as those of FIG. 5, with the same reference numbers.

    Les sorties 901 à 904 se trouvent à la périphérie des découpes et régulièrement réparties; ces sorties sont au droit des segments extérieurs de l'anneau 22' auxquels elles sont raccordées.The outlets 90 1 to 90 4 are located on the periphery of the cutouts and regularly distributed; these outputs are in line with the outer segments of the ring 22 'to which they are connected.

    Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 7, les découpes métalliques sont en sandwich entre des diélectriques répartiteurs, respectivement 102 et 104.As can be seen in Figure 7, the cutouts metallic are sandwiched between dielectric distributors, 102 and 104 respectively.

    La connexion de chaque sortie 90 du circuit 64 au segment extérieur correspondant de l'anneau s'effectue par l'intermédiaire d'une sonde 92. On prévoit donc quatre sondes. Sur la figure 7, on a représenté la sonde 921. The connection of each output 90 of circuit 64 to the corresponding external segment of the ring is effected by means of a probe 92. Four probes are therefore provided. In FIG. 7, the probe 92 1 is shown .

    Le répartiteur 64, 102, 104 est enfermé dans un logement métallique 106 constituant un piège empêchant l'excitation d'ondes de surface sur le répartiteur.The distributor 64, 102, 104 is enclosed in a housing metallic 106 constituting a trap preventing excitation of surface waves on the distributor.

    En variante, à la place de rubans, ou découpes métalliques, le circuit 64 est réalisé à l'aide de gravures métalliques sur un substrat.Alternatively, instead of ribbons, or metal cutouts, circuit 64 is made using metal engravings on a substrate.

    Dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure 8, on prévoit trois antennes concentriques, respectivement 110, pour l'antenne centrale, 112 pour l'antenne intermédiaire et 114 pour l'antenne la plus extérieure.In the example shown in FIG. 8, provision is made three concentric antennas, respectively 110, for the antenna central, 112 for the intermediate antenna and 114 for the antenna the outermost.

    Comme dans la réalisation représentée sur la figure 1, une couronne 30 de diffraction entoure l'antenne la plus extérieure et cette couronne 30 est solidaire d'une jupe 34 orientée sensiblement à 45° par rapport au plan de la couronne 30. Également comme dans la réalisation de la figure 1, un piège quart d'onde 28 empêche la propagation d'un courant de fuite de la cavité excitée vers les cavités environnantes. De façon analogue, un piège quart d'onde 116 empêche la propagation d'un courant de fuite vers l'antenne 114.As in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a diffraction ring 30 surrounds the outermost antenna and this crown 30 is integral with a skirt 34 oriented substantially at 45 ° relative to the plane of the crown 30. Also as in the embodiment of figure 1, a quarter trap wave 28 prevents the propagation of a leakage current from the cavity excited towards the surrounding cavities. Similarly, a quarter wave trap 116 prevents the propagation of a current of leak to antenna 114.

    Le piège 116 est de longueur (selon l'axe) plus grande que le piège 28 car il est destiné à éliminer des longueurs d'onde plus grandes, celles des signaux émis par l'antenne 112.The trap 116 is of greater length (along the axis) that the trap 28 because it is intended to eliminate lengths wave, those of the signals emitted by the antenna 112.

    Bien entendu, on peut prévoir un nombre d'antennes concentriques supérieur à trois.Of course, a number of antennas can be provided concentric greater than three.

    Bien que les exemples décrits ci-dessus concernent des antennes à anneaux résonnants formés par un conducteur métallique, on comprend aisément que l'invention s'applique aussi à une antenne réalisée par une fente dans un conducteur. Pour certaines applications, notamment celles pour lesquelles l'échauffement doit être minimisé, cette réalisation à fente sera préférée.Although the examples described above relate to resonant ring antennas formed by a metallic conductor, it is easy to understand that the invention also applies to an antenna produced by a slot in a conductor. For some applications, especially those for which overheating must be minimized, this slotted embodiment will be preferred.

    La variante représentée sur la figure 9 représente une cavité annulaire résonnante qui s'applique plus particulièrement à une antenne à fente. Toutefois, cet exemple pourrait s'appliquer aussi à une antenne à anneau résonnant formé par un conducteur métallique. The variant shown in Figure 9 represents a resonant annular cavity which applies more particularly to a slot antenna. However, this example could apply also to a resonant ring antenna formed by a conductor metallic.

    L'anneau 130 est constitué par une fente 132 dans un conducteur métallique 134. Cet anneau 130 forme des méandres ayant chacun sensiblement la forme d'un pétale. Le nombre de pétales est, dans cette réalisation, égal à 8.The ring 130 is constituted by a slot 132 in a metallic conductor 134. This ring 130 forms meanders each having substantially the shape of a petal. Number of petals is, in this embodiment, equal to 8.

    Bien que dans les exemples décrits ci-dessus, l'excitation soit réalisée sur les segments extérieurs à l'aide d'un câble coaxial, on peut également prévoir une excitation par couplage de proximité avec une ligne microruban ou avec une fente dans le plan de masse, c'est-à-dire dans un fond de cavité.Although in the examples described above, the excitation be performed on the outer segments using a coaxial cable, it is also possible to provide excitation by coupling proximity with a microstrip line or with a slit in the ground plane, that is to say in a bottom of the cavity.

    Claims (17)

    Antenne résonnante pour des ondes hyperfréquences comprenant un anneau dont la longueur périphérique détermine la longueur d'onde guidée dans l'antenne, caractérisée en ce que l'anneau (22, 24 ; 22', 24' ; 130) présente des méandres ou créneaux (46, 48 ; 132).Resonant antenna for microwave waves comprising a ring whose peripheral length determines the guided wavelength in the antenna, characterized in that the ring (22, 24; 22 ', 24'; 130) has meanders or slots (46, 48; 132). Antenne selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les méandres ou créneaux présentent des parties sensiblement radiales (50) telles que, dans leur ensemble, elles ne produisent pas de champ perturbateur de la polarisation d'un signal à émettre.Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in what the meanders or niches have parts substantially radial (50) such that, as a whole, they do not produce a disturbing field of the polarization of a signal to send. Antenne selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que deux parties radiales qui se succèdent créent des champs perturbateurs de la polarisation qui se compensent.Antenna according to claim 2, characterized in what two successive radial parts create fields polarization disturbers which compensate each other. Antenne selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisée en ce que méandres ou créneaux présentent des parties sensiblement radiales (50) qui sont rectilignes.Antenna according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that meanders or slots have parts substantially radial (50) which are rectilinear. Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que l'anneau présente des sections alternées (46, 48) telles que les distances au centre de deux sections successives sont différentes, et en ce que les sections les plus éloignées du centre sont toutes sur un même cercle.Antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the ring has sections alternating (46, 48) such that the distances to the center of two successive sections are different, and in that the sections the most distant from the center are all on the same circle. Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'anneau présente des sections alternées (46, 48) telles que les distances au centre (12) de deux sections successives sont différentes, et en ce que les sections les plus proches du centre sont toutes sur un même cercle.Antenna according to any one of the claims previous, characterized in that the ring has alternate sections (46, 48) such as center distances (12) of two successive sections are different, and in that the sections closest to the center are all on the same circle. Antenne selon les revendications 5 et 6, caractérisée en ce que le rapport entre les diamètres des sections est au plus égal à deux.Antenna according to claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the ratio between the diameters of the sections is at most equal to two. Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les méandres ou créneaux sont régulièrement répartis autour d'un axe (12). Antenna according to any one of the claims previous, characterized in that the meanders or slots are regularly distributed around an axis (12). Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le nombre de méandres ou créneaux est égal à huit ou seize.Antenna according to any one of the claims previous, characterized in that the number of meanders or slots equals eight or sixteen. Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que, pour l'émission, elle est alimentée sur des sections (48) les plus éloignées du centre.Antenna according to any one of the claims previous, characterized in that, for the broadcast, it is supplied on sections (48) furthest from the center. Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'étant destinée à émettre des ondes à polarisation circulaire, des sections de l'anneau sont alimentées selon des déphasages successifs de l'onde à émettre permettant cette polarisation circulaire.Antenna according to any one of the claims previous, characterized in that being intended to emit circularly polarized waves, sections of the ring are supplied with successive phase shifts of the wave to be emitted allowing this circular polarization. Antenne selon la revendication 11, caractérisée en ce que le circuit (64) générateur des déphasages est réalisé par des découpes métalliques ou gravures dont les sorties (901, 902, 903, 904) sont périphériques.Antenna according to claim 11, characterized in that the circuit (64) generating phase shifts is produced by metal cutouts or etchings whose outputs (90 1 , 90 2 , 90 3 , 90 4 ) are peripheral. Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'anneau est constitué par un ruban conducteur.Antenna according to any one of the claims previous, characterized in that the ring consists of a conductive tape. Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisée en ce que l'anneau est constitué par une fente (132) dans un conducteur (134).Antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the ring consists of a slot (132) in a conductor (134). Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est destinée à émettre des ondes en bande UHF ou en bande S.Antenna according to any one of the claims previous, characterized in that it is intended to emit UHF band or S band waves Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'anneau (22, 24) est disposé sur un substrat diélectrique (18, 20) enfermé dans un logement métallique (25, 26) présentant des parois (25, 261, 262) s'étendant parallèlement à un axe (12) perpendiculaire à la surface de l'anneau.An antenna according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ring (22, 24) is disposed on a dielectric substrate (18, 20) enclosed in a metal housing (25, 26) having walls (25, 26 1 , 26 2 ) extending parallel to an axis (12) perpendicular to the surface of the ring. Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'anneau se trouve dans un plan.Antenna according to any one of the claims previous, characterized in that the ring is in a plan.
    EP98400437A 1997-02-24 1998-02-23 Miniature resonant antenna in the form of annular microstrips Expired - Lifetime EP0860894B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    FR9702168A FR2760134B1 (en) 1997-02-24 1997-02-24 RESONANT MINIATURE ANTENNA, MICRO-TAPE, ANNULAR SHAPE
    FR9702168 1997-02-24

    Publications (2)

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    EP0860894A1 true EP0860894A1 (en) 1998-08-26
    EP0860894B1 EP0860894B1 (en) 2007-08-22

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    EP98400437A Expired - Lifetime EP0860894B1 (en) 1997-02-24 1998-02-23 Miniature resonant antenna in the form of annular microstrips

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    EP (1) EP0860894B1 (en)
    CA (1) CA2228631C (en)
    DE (1) DE69838270T2 (en)
    FR (1) FR2760134B1 (en)

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    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    CA2228631A1 (en) 1998-08-24
    EP0860894B1 (en) 2007-08-22
    DE69838270T2 (en) 2008-05-15
    US6034645A (en) 2000-03-07
    DE69838270D1 (en) 2007-10-04
    FR2760134B1 (en) 1999-03-26
    FR2760134A1 (en) 1998-08-28
    CA2228631C (en) 2003-10-14

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