EP0855756B1 - EMP-Ableiter - Google Patents
EMP-Ableiter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0855756B1 EP0855756B1 EP98101083A EP98101083A EP0855756B1 EP 0855756 B1 EP0855756 B1 EP 0855756B1 EP 98101083 A EP98101083 A EP 98101083A EP 98101083 A EP98101083 A EP 98101083A EP 0855756 B1 EP0855756 B1 EP 0855756B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sleeves
- emp
- line
- arrester according
- length
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
- H01T4/08—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps structurally associated with protected apparatus
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
- H01P1/201—Filters for transverse electromagnetic waves
- H01P1/202—Coaxial filters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R24/00—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure
- H01R24/38—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts
- H01R24/40—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts specially adapted for high frequency
- H01R24/42—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts specially adapted for high frequency comprising impedance matching means or electrical components, e.g. filters or switches
- H01R24/48—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts specially adapted for high frequency comprising impedance matching means or electrical components, e.g. filters or switches comprising protection devices, e.g. overvoltage protection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R2103/00—Two poles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an EMP arrester in a coaxial line consisting of a housing and one electrically conductively connected to the inner conductor of the coaxial line ⁇ / 4 short circuit line.
- EMP filters with ⁇ / 4 short-circuit lines have the disadvantage that no AC / DC supply voltages can be transmitted.
- mast head amplifiers attached to antennas are provided, which must be supplied with AC / DC via the coaxial line.
- the usage of EMP filters with ⁇ / 4 short-circuit line and such amplifiers are mutually exclusive.
- the EMP arrester designed as a pluggable coupling in FIG. 2 consists of an outer conductor 10 which is designed as a cylindrical housing with connectors 11 and 12 arranged on both sides for screw connections or plug connections of coaxial conductors.
- the connector 11 on the left in the drawing is intended as a connection to the unprotected area, for example to an antenna, and the connector 12 on the right in the drawing is intended to form the protected connection to an electronic device.
- this EMP filter should be attached to a housing bushing as an earth connection.
- there is a flange 13 on the outer conductor 10 which together with a washer 17 or the like and a nut 16 results in a screw fastening on a housing wall.
- An additional seal 14 made of refined soft copper brings about low-resistance and low-inductance contacting.
- a housing 20 is screwed or fitted into a central part 10b of the outer conductor 10 .
- the housing 20 is also called an outer hollow cylinder or an outer sleeve.
- This outer hollow cylinder 20 is provided with a screwed-on cover 21 .
- a gas-filled surge arrester 28 is inserted into the end cover 21 .
- This gas arrester 28 is interchangeable and can be replaced quickly and easily by opening the cover 21 .
- the length of the line 24 can be matched to the ⁇ / 4 wavelength of the deepest frequency band to be transmitted.
- the gas arrester 28 is contacted between a line 24 and the end cover 21 and acts capacitively in the undisturbed state.
- the line 24 between the inner conductor 30 and the gas discharge surge arrester 28 thus acts through its capacitance as a ⁇ / 4 short-circuit line of the lowest frequency band to be transmitted.
- a plurality of further hollow cylinders or sleeves 25, 26 are arranged in the interior of the outer hollow cylinder 20 around the line 24 . At one end, which is directed against the inner conductor 30 of the coaxial conductor, these sleeves 25, 26 are open. At its other end, these sleeves are mounted electrically conductively connected to the line 24 25,26, located so that a series circuit of cavity resonators results in that the coaxial conductor to selected frequency bands and accordingly tunable by virtue of their diameters, lengths, and their distances from the inner conductor 30 on a selected mid-band frequencies are.
- two further sleeves are provided. With knowledge of the present invention, however, the person skilled in the art is free to use more than two such further sleeves.
- the lengths l 1 , l 2 , l 3 are the free wall lengths of the sleeves 20, 25 , 26 which are separated from one another by cavities.
- the length l 1 extends from the point of attachment of the outer hollow cylinder 20 on the conductor 24 to the open end of the longest of the further sleeves 25, 26. In the present exemplary embodiment, this is the outer of the further sleeves 26 (also called the middle sleeve 26 ).
- the length l 2 is the length of the wall of the inner of the further sleeve 25 (also called inner sleeve 25 ).
- the length l 3 extends from the fastening point of the middle sleeve 26 to the conductor 24 to the open end of the inner sleeve 25.
- the length of the sleeves 25,26 can be electrically shortened by dielectrics.
- the length of the sleeves 25, 26 can also be shortened by pot circles with a higher capacity. For example, special end plates, pot or cylinder capacities can be used for this.
- the hollow cylinders 20, 25, 26 and the capacity of the gas-filled surge arrester 28 are connected in series. With the line 24, the capacity of the gas-filled surge arrester 28 and the lengths of the hollow cylinders 25 , 26 , different frequency bands up to 18 GHz can be transmitted.
- the outer hollow cylinder 20 allows the transmission of a frequency band f 1
- the middle hollow cylinder 26 allows the transmission of a frequency band f 2
- the inner hollow cylinder 25 allows the transmission of a frequency band f 3 .
- Fig. 1 shows that the electrical effect of the mechanical resonance circuits determine the bandwidth of these frequency bands f 1 , f 2 , f 3 , ...
- An outer impedance Z a corresponds to the outer hollow cylinder 20
- an average impedance Z m corresponds to the middle hollow cylinder 26
- an inner impedance Z i corresponds to the inner hollow cylinder 25.
- f n 1 / 2 ⁇ x ⁇ L n xC n
- the AC / DC decoupling by virtue of the capacity of the gas-filled surge arrester against the housing 20, allows an additional transmission of AC / DC supply voltages, for example to mast head amplifiers that are exposed to antennas.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
- Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)
Description
- Fig.1
- ein elektrisches Prinzipschema eines Mehrband-EMP-Ableiters und
- Fig.2
- eine Schnittansicht durch einen erfindungsgemässen EMP-Ableiter.
Claims (9)
- EMP-Ableiter in einer Koaxialleitung bestehend aus einem in einen Aussenleiter (10) aufgesetzten Gehäuse (20) und einem mit einem Innenleiter der Koaxialleitung (30) elektrisch durch eine Leitung (24) verbundenen Gasentladungs-Überspannungsableiter (28), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Gasentladungs-Überspannungsableiter (28) zwischen Gehäuse (20) und einer λ/4 Leitung (24) auswechselbar eingesetzt ist, und dass im Innern des Gehäuses (20) mindestens ein, vorzugsweise mehrere in Serie zum Gasentladungs-Überspannungsableiter (28) geschaltete, ineinander angeordnete Hülsen (25,26) unterschiedlicher Länge (l1,l2,l3) und mit unterschiedlichem Durchmesser angeordnet sind, was verschiedene Resonanzfrequenzen zur Folge hat.
- EMP-Ableiter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Länge der Leitung (24) auf die λ/4 Wellenlänge des tiefsten übertragenen Frequenzbandes abgestimmt ist.
- EMP-Ableiter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Längen der Hülsen (25,26) als Topfkreise durch ihre Länge auf verschiedene Bandmittenfrequenzen abgestimmt sind.
- EMP-Ableiter nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hülsen (25,26) koaxial zur Leitung (24) angeordnet sind und an ihrem vom Koaxialleiter beabstandeten Ende sowohl mechanisch als auch elektrisch leitend verbunden sind.
- EMP-Ableiter nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Durchmesser der einzelnen Hülsen (25,26) auf die Bandbreite der durchzulassenden Frequenzbänder abgestimmt sind.
- EMP-Ableiter nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abstimmung der Frequenzbänder mittels der Stelle der Kontaktierung der Hülsen (25,26) an der Leitung (24) bestimmbar ist.
- EMP-Ableiter nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Länge der Hülsen (25,26) durch Dielektrika elektrisch verkürzt sind.
- EMP-Ableiter nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche 3 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mechanische Baulänge der Hülsen (25,26) durch Topfkreise mit höherer Kapazität verkürzt ist.
- EMP-Ableiter nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die höhere Kapazität durch Endscheiben, Topf- oder Zylinderkapazitäten gebildet ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH15897 | 1997-01-27 | ||
CH158/97 | 1997-01-27 | ||
CH15897 | 1997-01-27 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0855756A1 EP0855756A1 (de) | 1998-07-29 |
EP0855756B1 true EP0855756B1 (de) | 2002-07-24 |
Family
ID=4180582
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98101083A Expired - Lifetime EP0855756B1 (de) | 1997-01-27 | 1998-01-22 | EMP-Ableiter |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5978199A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0855756B1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU723195B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2227960C (de) |
DE (1) | DE59804846D1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2180079T3 (de) |
NZ (1) | NZ329636A (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2741069C1 (ru) * | 2020-04-03 | 2021-01-22 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт физики твердого тела Российской академии наук (ИФТТ РАН) | Индуктивно-емкостный фильтр |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU740311B2 (en) | 1998-02-17 | 2001-11-01 | Huber & Suhner Ag | EMP - charge eliminator |
ES2232053T3 (es) * | 1998-08-06 | 2005-05-16 | Spinner Gmbh Elektrotechnische Fabrik | Descargador de sobretension coaxial de banda ancha. |
DE19936869C1 (de) * | 1999-08-05 | 2001-03-08 | Spinner Gmbh Elektrotech | Koaxialer Überspannungsableiter |
JP3619796B2 (ja) * | 2001-09-06 | 2005-02-16 | 株式会社エヌ・ティ・ティ・ドコモ九州 | 通信線路サージ保護システム |
DE10163862B4 (de) * | 2001-12-22 | 2005-01-20 | Telegärtner Karl Gärtner GmbH | Überspannungsableiter |
WO2004032276A1 (de) * | 2002-10-02 | 2004-04-15 | Huber & Suhner Ag | Störschutzfilter- und blitzstromableiter-einrichtung |
RU2251191C2 (ru) * | 2002-11-15 | 2005-04-27 | Корпорация "Самсунг Электроникс" | Устройство защиты аппаратуры от импульсных перенапряжений |
US7026888B2 (en) * | 2003-05-05 | 2006-04-11 | Marek Edward Antkowiak | Broadband non-directional tap coupler |
BRPI0418994B1 (pt) | 2004-08-06 | 2014-12-23 | Huber + Suhner Ag | Disposição de protetor de sobretensão de desligamento automático |
DE502006006427D1 (de) * | 2005-02-15 | 2010-04-29 | Spinner Gmbh Elektrotech | Koaxialer Überspannungsableiter |
US7349191B2 (en) * | 2005-09-01 | 2008-03-25 | Andrew Corporation | Offset planar coil coaxial surge suppressor |
EP1923965B1 (de) | 2006-11-16 | 2018-06-27 | Fitelnet Oy | Elektrischer Steckverbinder mit Schutz vor elektromagnetischem Impulsenergie und elektromagnetischer Störbeeinflussungenergie |
US8300378B2 (en) * | 2008-09-19 | 2012-10-30 | Advanced Fusion Systems, Llc | Method and apparatus for protecting power systems from extraordinary electromagnetic pulses |
DE102009007622B4 (de) * | 2009-02-05 | 2011-04-21 | Spinner Gmbh | Koaxialer Überspannungsableiter |
US10791656B1 (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-09-29 | Advanced Fusion Systems Llc | Method and device for separating high level electromagnetic disturbances from microwave signals |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2392664A (en) * | 1943-12-23 | 1946-01-08 | Gen Electric | Ultra high frequency filter |
US3289117A (en) * | 1964-03-23 | 1966-11-29 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Surge arrestor utilizing quarter wave stubs |
JPS55100701A (en) * | 1979-01-26 | 1980-07-31 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Coaxial resonator |
JPS58225586A (ja) * | 1982-06-23 | 1983-12-27 | ヒロセ電機株式会社 | 同軸型避雷構造 |
CH675933A5 (en) * | 1989-07-27 | 1990-11-15 | Huber+Suhner Ag | Triaxial electromagnetic pulse conductor - has inner conductor and two screening conductors with unit to maintain contact with overload conductor |
CH690146A5 (de) * | 1995-03-31 | 2000-05-15 | Huber+Suhner Ag | EMP-Filter in einer Koaxialleitung. |
-
1998
- 1998-01-22 ES ES98101083T patent/ES2180079T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-22 EP EP98101083A patent/EP0855756B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-22 DE DE59804846T patent/DE59804846D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-01-22 US US09/010,649 patent/US5978199A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-01-23 AU AU52721/98A patent/AU723195B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-01-26 NZ NZ329636A patent/NZ329636A/en unknown
- 1998-01-26 CA CA002227960A patent/CA2227960C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2741069C1 (ru) * | 2020-04-03 | 2021-01-22 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт физики твердого тела Российской академии наук (ИФТТ РАН) | Индуктивно-емкостный фильтр |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5978199A (en) | 1999-11-02 |
EP0855756A1 (de) | 1998-07-29 |
ES2180079T3 (es) | 2003-02-01 |
NZ329636A (en) | 1998-09-24 |
AU723195B2 (en) | 2000-08-17 |
CA2227960C (en) | 2006-09-05 |
CA2227960A1 (en) | 1998-07-27 |
AU5272198A (en) | 1998-07-30 |
DE59804846D1 (de) | 2002-08-29 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0978157B1 (de) | Breitband emp-ableiter | |
EP0855756B1 (de) | EMP-Ableiter | |
EP1746719B1 (de) | Mikrowellengenerator mit veränderbarer Frequenzabstrahlung | |
DE69426499T2 (de) | Überspannungsschutz | |
DE60107313T2 (de) | Überspannungsschutz für Breitband-Anpassungszweig | |
WO2004004064A1 (de) | Störschutzfilter- und blitzstromableiter-einrichtung | |
DE3638748A1 (de) | Kapazitives trennglied | |
EP0255068B1 (de) | In der Art vom Kammleitungs- bzw. Interdigitalleitungsfiltern ausgebildetes Filter für kurze elektromagnetische Wellen | |
DE69625054T2 (de) | Antennenanordnung | |
WO2002035659A1 (de) | Störschutzfilter- und blitzstromableiter-einrichtung | |
EP2144363A1 (de) | Mikrowellengenerator | |
EP1763041B1 (de) | Koaxialer Überspannungsableiter | |
CH690146A5 (de) | EMP-Filter in einer Koaxialleitung. | |
DE10241431B4 (de) | Überspannungsschutzsystem für eine koaxiale Übertragungsleitung | |
EP0520249B1 (de) | Hochfrequenzangeregter Laser für hohe Eingangsleistungen, insbesondere CO2-Bandleiterlaser | |
DE10163862B4 (de) | Überspannungsableiter | |
DE3212684A1 (de) | Kupplungsglied fuer elektrische koaxial-kabel oder -leitungen mit ueberspannungsschutz | |
CH660261A5 (en) | EMP suppressor in a coaxial conductor | |
EP1885016B1 (de) | Überspannungsschutz für eine Koaxialleitung | |
DE2640210B2 (de) | Filter für sehr kurze elektromagnetische Wellen | |
DE4232840A1 (de) | Hochfrequenzangeregter Laser für hohe Eingangsleistungen, insbesondere CO¶2¶-Bandleiterlaser | |
DE102009007622B4 (de) | Koaxialer Überspannungsableiter | |
WO2009012794A1 (de) | Blitz- und überspannungsschutz | |
EP1333454B1 (de) | Überspannungsschutzvorrichtung | |
DE10140762A1 (de) | Elektrischer T-Stecker |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): CH DE ES FR GB IT LI |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Free format text: AL;LT;LV;MK;RO;SI |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19980921 |
|
AKX | Designation fees paid |
Free format text: CH DE ES FR GB IT LI |
|
RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): CH DE ES FR GB IT LI |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20011219 |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): CH DE ES FR GB IT LI |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Free format text: 7H 01P 1/202 A, 7H 03H 1/00 B, 7H 01T 4/08 B, 7H 01R 13/646 B |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 20020724 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: NV Representative=s name: WERNER BRUDERER PATENTANWALT |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 59804846 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20020829 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2180079 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20030425 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20080129 Year of fee payment: 11 Ref country code: CH Payment date: 20080415 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20090119 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20090130 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20090121 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20090127 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20090131 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20090131 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20091030 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20090202 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20100122 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20100803 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20100122 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20110309 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20100122 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20110308 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20100123 |