EP0851184A1 - Réfrigérateur cryogénique - Google Patents
Réfrigérateur cryogénique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0851184A1 EP0851184A1 EP96402923A EP96402923A EP0851184A1 EP 0851184 A1 EP0851184 A1 EP 0851184A1 EP 96402923 A EP96402923 A EP 96402923A EP 96402923 A EP96402923 A EP 96402923A EP 0851184 A1 EP0851184 A1 EP 0851184A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pulsed
- tube
- cryogenic refrigerator
- conduit
- pulsed tube
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
- F25B9/145—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle pulse-tube cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1422—Pulse tubes with basic schematic including a counter flow heat exchanger instead of a regenerative heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1424—Pulse tubes with basic schematic including an orifice and a reservoir
- F25B2309/14241—Pulse tubes with basic schematic including an orifice reservoir multiple inlet pulse tube
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1425—Pulse tubes with basic schematic including several pulse tubes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/06—Several compression cycles arranged in parallel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/10—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point with several cooling stages
Definitions
- the present invention relates to refrigerators cryogenic. It applies in particular to the refrigeration production below 10 K, especially at about 4 K.
- the invention aims to provide a refrigerator which retains the simplicity and reliability of pulsed tube refrigerators and allow reach temperatures below 10 K without use the special materials mentioned above.
- the output of source 1A is connected by a capillary tube 5A at one end (cold end) 6A of the pulsed tube 3A.
- the other end (hot end) 7A of the latter is connected to the single input 8A of the capacity 4A by a capillary tube 9A provided with an orifice 10A rated.
- the output of source 1B is connected by a capillary tube 5B at one end (end cold) 6B of the pulsed tube 3B.
- the other end (end hot) 7B of the latter is connected to the single input 8B of capacity 4B by a capillary tube 9B provided with a 10B calibrated orifice.
- the two systems 11A, 11B are set up heat exchange relationship by the heat exchanger 2.
- This one of any appropriate structure (coaxial, multitubular, with finned tubes, grids, etc.), more specifically puts in heat exchange relation to counter current conduits 5A and 5B.
- the exchanger 2 has a hot end 12 in the vicinity of the ambient temperature T A (approximately 300 K), and a cold end 13 in the vicinity of the low temperature T B to be reached, for example approximately 4 K.
- the pressure sources 1A and 1B which are at ambient temperature, operate, the masses of gas contained in the two systems 11A, 11B undergo repeated compression / expansion cycles.
- the low temperature T B is obtained alternately on the conduits 5A and 5B, while the other conduit is at a temperature equal to this temperature T B increased by the temperature difference at cold end of the exchanger, this difference depending on the technology for producing the exchanger as well as operating parameters such as the pulse frequency and the gas circulation rate.
- the temperature difference in question is for example of the order of 2K.
- the refrigerator With no moving parts at low temperatures, the refrigerator is reliable, simple to build and inexpensive. It should be noted in particular that the throttle orifices 10A, 10B have a relatively large diameter and are found at a temperature much higher than the low temperature T B , and also that it is always the same gas which moves in each system 11A, 11B. As a result, the risk of blockage is very low.
- the use of a heat exchanger 2 instead of the usual regenerators has the consequence that the low temperature obtained is practically independent of the specific heat of the materials used.
- the insensitivity of the refrigerator gravity makes it suitable for use in space applications.
- the two sources 1A, 1B are replaced by a double piston oscillator 1, by example the oscillator developed by the MATRA Company MARCONI SPACE (MMS) and qualified for applications spatial.
- MARCONI SPACE MMS
- the refrigerator forms a system closed single.
- the reciprocating movement of the double piston 14 of oscillator 1 sets itself in motion, in phase opposition, the masses of gas contained in each half of the system, and each pulsed tube plays the role of capacity 4A, 4B for the other pulsed tube.
- an additional bypass 15A, 15B equipped with a 16A, 16B calibrated orifice connects the end hot 7A, 7B of each tube pulsed to the corresponding conduit 5A, 5B, at the hot end of exchanger 2.
- a pre-cooling stage 17A, 17B is interposed between each source 1A, 1B, which is back to room temperature, and the associated capillary tube 5A, 5B.
- this pre-cooling stage itself consists of a "Double Inlet Pulse Tube" with regenerator, including a pulsed tube 18A, 18B, a regenerator 19A, 19B, a closed capacity 20A, 20B, and the connecting conduits usual in this type of assembly: a cold conduit 21A, 21B connecting the cold ends of the pulsed tube and the regenerator, hot pipes 22A, 22B and 23A, 23B which respectively connect the hot end of the regenerator at the pressure source and that of the pulsed tube at capacity 20A, 20B, and a bypass 24A, 24B connecting the hot ends of the regenerator and the pulsed tube.
- the conduits 23A, 23B and 24A, 24B are each provided with a calibrated orifice.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Gifford W.E. and Longsworth R.C., Pulse Tube Refrigeration, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, paper n° 63- WA-290, Nov. 17-22 (1963)
- Mikulin E.I., Tarasov A.A. and Shrkrebyonock M.P., Low Temperature Expansion Pulse Tubes, Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, Vol. 29 p. 269, Plenum Press, New York (1984)
- Radebaugh R., Zimmermann J., Smith D.R. and Louie B., A Comparison of Three Types Pulse Tube refrigerators : New Methods for reaching 60K, Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, Vol. 31 p. 779, Plenum Press, New York (1986)
- David M. and Marechal J-C., How to Achieve the Efficiency of a Gifford-Mac-Mahon Cryocooler with a Pulse Tube Refrigerator, Cryogenics, Vol. 30 p. 262 (1990)
- Liang J., Zhou Y. and Zhu W., Development of a Single-Stage Pulse Tube Refrigerator Capable of Reaching 49 K, Cryogenics, Vol. 30 (1990)
- David M., Marechal J-C., Simon Y. and Guilpin C., Theory of Ideal Orifice Pulse Tube Refrigerator, Cryogenics, Vol. 33 p. 154 (1993).
- une première source de pression oscillante reliée par un premier conduit à une extrémité froide d'un premier tube pulsé dont l'extrémité chaude est reliée à une première capacité;
- une seconde source de pression oscillante reliée par un second conduit à une extrémité froide d'un second tube pulsé dont l'extrémité chaude est reliée à une seconde capacité;
- des moyens pour faire fonctionner les deux sources de pression en opposition de phase; et
- un échangeur de chaleur mettant lesdits premier et second conduits en relation d'échange thermique à contre-courant.
- les extrémités chaudes des tubes pulsés sont reliées entre elles, de sorte que chaque tube pulsé forme ladite capacité de l'autre tube pulsé;
- les deux sources de pression oscillantes sont constituées par un oscillateur à double piston;
- un by-pass étranglé relie l'extrémité chaude de chaque tube pulsé audit conduit associé;
- les sources de pression oscillante sont à la température ambiante;
- au moins un étage de préréfrigération est interposé entre chaque source de pression oscillante et lesdits conduits associés.
- la Figure 1 représente schématiquement un réfrigérateur cryogénique conforme à l'invention; et
- les Figures 2 et 3 représentent schématiquement deux autres modes de réalisation du réfrigérateur cryogénique suivant l'invention.
- de deux sources de pression oscillante 1A, 1B, couplées de façon à fonctionner en opposition de phase;
- d'un échangeur de chaleur à contre-courant 2;
- de deux tubes pulsés 3A, 3B; et
- de deux capacités 4A, 4B.
Claims (6)
- Réfrigérateur cryogénique, comprenant :une première source de pression oscillante (1A; 1) reliée par un premier conduit (5A) à une extrémité froide (6A) d'un premier tube pulsé (3A) dont l'extrémité chaude (7A) est reliée à une première capacité (4A; 3B);une seconde source de pression oscillante (1B; 1) reliée par un second conduit (5B) à une extrémité froide (6B) d'un second tube pulsé (3B) dont l'extrémité chaude (7B) est reliée à une seconde capacité (4B; 3A);des moyens pour faire fonctionner les deux sources de pression (1A, 1B) en opposition de phase; etun échangeur de chaleur (2) mettant lesdits premier et second conduits (5A, 5B) en relation d'échange thermique à contre-courant.
- Réfrigérateur cryogénique suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les extrémités chaudes (7A, 7B) des tubes pulsés (3A, 3B) sont reliées entre elles, de sorte que chaque tube pulsé forme ladite capacité de l'autre tube pulsé.
- Réfrigérateur cryogénique suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les deux sources de pression oscillantes sont constituées par un oscillateur à double piston (1).
- Réfrigérateur cryogénique suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'un by-pass étranglé (15A, 15B) relie l'extrémité chaude (7A, 7B) de chaque tube pulsé (3A, 3B) audit conduit associé (5A, 5B).
- Réfrigérateur cryogénique suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les sources de pression oscillantes (1A, 1B; 1) sont à la température ambiante.
- Réfrigérateur cryogénique suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un étage de préréfrigération (17A, 17B) est interposé entre chaque source de pression oscillante (1A, 1B) et ledit conduit associé (5A, 5B).
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP96402923A EP0851184A1 (fr) | 1996-12-30 | 1996-12-30 | Réfrigérateur cryogénique |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP96402923A EP0851184A1 (fr) | 1996-12-30 | 1996-12-30 | Réfrigérateur cryogénique |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0851184A1 true EP0851184A1 (fr) | 1998-07-01 |
Family
ID=8225365
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96402923A Withdrawn EP0851184A1 (fr) | 1996-12-30 | 1996-12-30 | Réfrigérateur cryogénique |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0851184A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL1016910C2 (nl) * | 2000-12-19 | 2002-06-21 | Univ Eindhoven Tech | Cyclisch thermische machine. |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH02230059A (ja) * | 1989-03-01 | 1990-09-12 | Daikin Ind Ltd | パルスチューブ式冷凍機 |
US5107683A (en) * | 1990-04-09 | 1992-04-28 | Trw Inc. | Multistage pulse tube cooler |
US5181383A (en) * | 1990-06-28 | 1993-01-26 | Research Development Corporation Of Japan | Refrigerator |
US5269147A (en) * | 1991-06-26 | 1993-12-14 | Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Pulse tube refrigerating system |
US5275002A (en) * | 1992-01-22 | 1994-01-04 | Aisin Newhard Co., Ltd. | Pulse tube refrigerating system |
US5295355A (en) * | 1992-01-04 | 1994-03-22 | Cryogenic Laboratory Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences | Multi-bypass pulse tube refrigerator |
EP0625683A1 (fr) * | 1993-05-16 | 1994-11-23 | Daido Hoxan Inc. | Réfrigérateur à tube à gaz pulsé |
US5412952A (en) * | 1992-05-25 | 1995-05-09 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Pulse tube refrigerator |
US5435136A (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 1995-07-25 | Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Pulse tube heat engine |
JPH085174A (ja) * | 1994-06-16 | 1996-01-12 | Daido Hoxan Inc | 大型パルスチューブ冷凍機 |
-
1996
- 1996-12-30 EP EP96402923A patent/EP0851184A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH02230059A (ja) * | 1989-03-01 | 1990-09-12 | Daikin Ind Ltd | パルスチューブ式冷凍機 |
US5107683A (en) * | 1990-04-09 | 1992-04-28 | Trw Inc. | Multistage pulse tube cooler |
US5181383A (en) * | 1990-06-28 | 1993-01-26 | Research Development Corporation Of Japan | Refrigerator |
US5269147A (en) * | 1991-06-26 | 1993-12-14 | Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Pulse tube refrigerating system |
US5435136A (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 1995-07-25 | Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Pulse tube heat engine |
US5295355A (en) * | 1992-01-04 | 1994-03-22 | Cryogenic Laboratory Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences | Multi-bypass pulse tube refrigerator |
US5275002A (en) * | 1992-01-22 | 1994-01-04 | Aisin Newhard Co., Ltd. | Pulse tube refrigerating system |
US5412952A (en) * | 1992-05-25 | 1995-05-09 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Pulse tube refrigerator |
EP0625683A1 (fr) * | 1993-05-16 | 1994-11-23 | Daido Hoxan Inc. | Réfrigérateur à tube à gaz pulsé |
JPH085174A (ja) * | 1994-06-16 | 1996-01-12 | Daido Hoxan Inc | 大型パルスチューブ冷凍機 |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 14, no. 545 (M - 1054) 4 December 1990 (1990-12-04) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 96, no. 5 31 May 1996 (1996-05-31) * |
Y. MATSUBARA AND J.L. GAO: "Novel configuration of three-stage pulse tube refrigerator for temperatures below 4 K", CRYOGENICS, vol. 34, no. 4, April 1994 (1994-04-01), GUILFORD,GB, pages 259 - 262, XP000439356 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL1016910C2 (nl) * | 2000-12-19 | 2002-06-21 | Univ Eindhoven Tech | Cyclisch thermische machine. |
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