EP0847674B1 - Musical instruments incorporating loudspeakers - Google Patents
Musical instruments incorporating loudspeakers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0847674B1 EP0847674B1 EP96929405A EP96929405A EP0847674B1 EP 0847674 B1 EP0847674 B1 EP 0847674B1 EP 96929405 A EP96929405 A EP 96929405A EP 96929405 A EP96929405 A EP 96929405A EP 0847674 B1 EP0847674 B1 EP 0847674B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- radiator
- musical instrument
- electronic musical
- panel
- instrument according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
- H04R1/028—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein associated with devices performing functions other than acoustics, e.g. electric candles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
- H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
- H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
- H04R7/045—Plane diaphragms using the distributed mode principle, i.e. whereby the acoustic radiation is emanated from uniformly distributed free bending wave vibration induced in a stiff panel and not from pistonic motion
Definitions
- the invention relates to musical instruments and more particularly to electronic keyboard musical instruments incorporating loudspeakers.
- WO-A-90/03025 of SCHIMMEL discloses a device for actuating the soundboard of a piano so that the piano can reproduce recorded piano music.
- Embodiments of the present invention use members of nature, structure and configuration achievable generally and/or specifically by implementing teachings of our co-pending PCT publication No. WO97/09842 of even date herewith.
- Such members thus have capability to sustain and propagate input vibrational energy by bending waves in operative area(s) extending transversely of thickness often but not necessarily to edges of the member(s); are configured with or without anisotropy of bending stiffness to have resonant mode vibration components distributed over said area(s) beneficially for acoustic coupling with ambient air; and have predetermined preferential locations or sites within said area for transducer means, particularly operationally active or moving part(s) thereof effective in relation to acoustic vibrational activity in said area(s) and signals, usually electrical, corresponding to acoustic content of such vibrational activity.
- This invention is particularly concerned with electronic keyboard musical instruments incorporating active acoustic devices e.g. in the form of loudspeakers.
- distributed mode radiators are intended to be characterised as in the above PCT application and/or otherwise as specifically provided herein.
- the invention is an electronic musical instrument having a keyboard and a loudspeaker, characterised in that the loudspeaker comprises a stiff lightweight member having capability to sustain and propagate input vibrational energy by bending waves in at least one operative area extending transversely of thickness to have resonant mode vibration components distributed over said at least one area and have predetermined preferential locations or sites within said area for transducer means and having a transducer mounted wholly and exclusively on said member at one of said locations or sites to vibrate the member to cause it to resonate forming an acoustic radiator which provides an acoustic output when resonating.
- the radiator may have a cellular core sandwiched by a pair of high modulus skins.
- a frame may surround the radiator.
- a resilient suspension may support the radiator on the frame.
- the electronic musical instrument may comprise a body having a base and legs supporting the body above the ground, the radiator being positioned at the base of the body.
- the loudspeaker is positioned with the radiator substantially vertical.
- the frame may form a ground support for the instrument.
- a panel-form loudspeaker (81) of the kind described and claimed in our co-pending International publication No. WO97/09842 of even date herewith comprising a rectangular frame (1) carrying a resilient suspension (3) round its inner periphery which supports a distributed mode sound radiating panel (2).
- a transducer (9) e.g as described in detail with reference to our co-pending International publication Nos. WO97/09859, WO97/09861, WO97/09858 of even date herewith, is mounted wholly and exclusively on or in the panel (2) at a predetermined location defined by dimensions x and y , the position of which location is calculated as described in our co-pending International application No. WO97/09842 of even date herewith, to launch bending waves into the panel to cause the panel to resonate to radiate an acoustic output.
- the transducer (9) is driven by a signal amplifier (10), e.g. an audio amplifier, connected to the transducer by conductors (28) .
- a signal amplifier (10) e.g. an audio amplifier
- Amplifier loading and power requirements can be entirely normal, similar to conventional cone type speakers, sensitivity being of the order of 86 - 88dB/watt under room loaded conditions.
- Amplifier load impedance is largely resistive at 6 ohms, power handling 20-80 watts. Where the panel core and/or skins are of metal, they may be made to act as a heat sink for the transducer to remove heat from the motor coil of the transducer and thus improve power handling.
- Figures 2 a and 2 b are partial typical cross-sections through the loudspeaker (81) of Figure 1.
- Figure 2 a shows that the frame (1), surround (3) and panel (2) are connected together by respective adhesive-bonded joints (20).
- Suitable materials for the frame include lightweight framing, e.g. picture framing of extruded metal e.g. aluminium alloy or plastics.
- Suitable surround materials include resilient materials such as foam rubber and foam plastics.
- Suitable adhesives for the joints (20) include epoxy, acrylic and cyano-acrylate etc. adhesives.
- Figure 2 b illustrates, to an enlarged scale, that the panel (2) is a rigid lightweight panel having a core (22) e.g. of a rigid plastics foam (97) e.g. cross linked polyvinylchloride or a cellular matrix (98) i.e. a honeycomb matrix of metal foil, plastics or the like, with the cells extending transversely to the plane of the panel, and enclosed by opposed skins (21) e.g. of paper, card, plastics or metal foil or sheet.
- the skins are of plastics, they may be reinforced with fibres e.g. of carbon, glass, Kevlar (RTM) or the like in a manner known per se to increase their modulus.
- RTM Kevlar
- Envisaged skin layer materials and reinforcements thus include carbon, glass, Kevlar (RTM), Nomex (RTM) i.e. aramid etc. fibres in various lays and weaves, as well as paper, bonded paper laminates, melamine, and various synthetic plastics films of high modulus, such as Mylar (RTM), Kaptan (RTM), polycarbonate, phenolic, polyester or related plastics, and fibre reinforced plastics, etc. and metal sheet or foil.
- Investigation of the Vectra grade of liquid crystal polymer thermoplastics shows that they may be useful for the injection moulding of ultra thin skins or shells of smaller size, say up to around 30cm diameter. This material self forms an orientated crystal structure in the direction of injection, a preferred orientation for the good propagation of treble energy from the driving point to the panel perimeter.
- thermoplastics allow for the mould tooling to carry location and registration features such as grooves or rings for the accurate location of transducer parts e.g. the motor coil, and the magnet suspension. Additional with some weaker core materials it is calculated that it would be advantageous to increase the skin thickness locally e.g. in an area or annulus up to 150% of the transducer diameter, to reinforce that area and beneficially couple vibration energy into the panel. High frequency response will be improved with the softer foam materials by this means.
- Envisaged core layer materials include fabricated honeycombs or corrugations of aluminium alloy sheet or foil, or Kevlar (RTM), Nomex (RTM), plain or bonded papers, and various synthetic plastics films, as well as expanded or foamed plastics or pulp materials, even aerogel metals if of suitably low density.
- Some suitable core layer materials effectively exhibit usable self-skinning in their manufacture and/or otherwise have enough inherent stiffness for use without lamination between skin layers.
- a high performance cellular core material is known under the trade name 'Rohacell' which may be suitable as a radiator panel and which is without skins. In practical terms, the aim is for an overall lightness and stiffness suited to a particular purpose, specifically including optimising contributions from core and skin layers and transitions between them.
- piezo and electro dynamic transducers have negligible electromagnetic radiation or stray magnet fields.
- Conventional speakers have a large magnetic field, up to 1 metre distant unless specific compensation counter measures are taken.
- electrical connection can be made to the conductive parts of an appropriate DML panel or an electrically conductive foam or similar interface may be used for the edge mounting.
- the suspension (3) may damp the edges of the panel (2) to prevent excessive edge movement of the panel. Additionally or alternatively, further damping may be applied, e.g. as patches, bonded to the panel in selected positions to damp excessive movement to distribute resonance equally over the panel.
- the patches may be of bitumen-based material, as commonly used in conventional loudspeaker enclosures or may be of a resilient or rigid polymeric sheet material. Some materials, notably paper and card, and some cores may be self-damping. Where desired, the damping may be increased in the construction of the panels by employing resiliently setting, rather than rigid setting adhesives.
- Effective said selective damping includes specific application to the panel including its sheet material of means permanently associated therewith. Edges and corners can be particularly significant for dominant and less dispersed low frequency vibration modes of panels hereof. Edge-wise fixing of damping means can usefully lead to a panel with its said sheet material fully framed, though their corners can often be relatively free, say for desired extension to lower frequency operation. Attachment can be by adhesive or self-adhesive materials. Other forms of useful damping, particularly in terms of more subtle effects and/or mid- and higher frequencies can be by way of suitable mass or masses affixed to the sheet material at predetermined effective medial localised positions of said area.
- An acoustic panel as described above is bidirectional.
- the sound energy from the back is not strongly phase related to that from the front. Consequently there is the benefit of overall summation of acoustic power in the room, sound energy of uniform frequency distribution, reduced reflective and standing wave effects and with the advantage of superior reproduction of the natural space and ambience in the reproduced sound recordings.
- FIGS 3,4 and 5 illustrate an electronic keyboard musical instrument (137), e.g. a piano, comprising a body (138) supported on ground engaging legs (139).
- the body (138) is formed with a keyboard (140) by which the instrument is played.
- the instrument is provided with a signal generator connected to the keys and with a signal amplifier which drives a loudspeaker.
- the loudspeaker comprises a distributed mode acoustic radiator (81) of the kind shown in Figures 1 and 2, incorporating a stiff lightweight rectangular panel (2) mounted by its periphery in a frame (1) with an interposed resilient suspension (3) and driven by a transducer (9), all as described above with reference to Figures 1 and 2.
- the loudspeaker (81) forms the base of the body (138).
- Figure 6 illustrates an electronic keyboard musical instrument, (137) very similar to that of Figures 3 to 5 having a body (138) having a keyboard (140).
- the body is supported on front legs (141) and is provided with a panel-form loudspeaker (81) to form the back support of the instrument.
- the loudspeaker (81) comprises a rigid lightweight distributed mode acoustic radiator panel (2) mounted by its periphery in a surrounding resilient suspension (3) e.g. of foam rubber, the suspension being supported in a baffle-like frame (6), e.g. of medium density fibreboard.
- a transducer (9) is attached to the panel (2) to launch bending waves into the panel to cause the panel to resonate to produce an acoustic output.
- the arrangement is thus of the kind shown in Figures 1 and 2.
- the transducer (9) will be driven by an amplifier (not shown) which is connected to receive signals produced by depression of the keys of the keyboard, in generally conventional fashion.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
- Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
- Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
- Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (7)
- An electronic musical instrument (137) having a keyboard (140) and a loudspeaker (81), characterised in that the loudspeaker comprises a stiff lightweight member (2) having capability to sustain and propagate input vibrational energy by bending waves in at least one operative area extending transversely of thickness to have resonant mode vibration components distributed over said at least one area and have predetermined preferential locations or sites within said area for transducer means and having a transducer (9) mounted wholly and exclusively on said member at one of said locations or sites to vibrate the member to cause it to resonate forming an acoustic radiator which provides an acoustic output when resonating.
- An electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, characterised in that the radiator (2) has a cellular core (22) sandwiched by a pair of high modulus skins (21).
- An electronic musical instrument according to claim 2, characterised by a frame (1) surrounding the radiator.
- An electronic musical instrument according to claim 3, characterised by a resilient suspension (3) supporting the radiator on the frame.
- An electronic musical instrument according to any preceding claim, characterised by a body (137) having a base, and legs (139) supporting the body above the ground and in that the radiator (2) is positioned at the base of the body.
- An electronic musical instrument according to claim 5, characterised in that the loudspeaker (81) is positioned with the radiator (2) substantially vertical.
- An electronic musical instrument according to claim 6, characterised in that the frame (2) forms a ground support for the instrument.
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9517918 | 1995-09-02 | ||
GBGB9517918.0A GB9517918D0 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1995-09-02 | Acoustic device |
GBGB9522281.6A GB9522281D0 (en) | 1995-10-31 | 1995-10-31 | Acoustic device |
GB9522281 | 1995-10-31 | ||
GB9606836 | 1996-03-30 | ||
GBGB9606836.6A GB9606836D0 (en) | 1996-03-30 | 1996-03-30 | Acoustic device |
PCT/GB1996/002164 WO1997009857A2 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1996-09-02 | Musical instruments incorporating loudspeakers |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0847674A2 EP0847674A2 (en) | 1998-06-17 |
EP0847674B1 true EP0847674B1 (en) | 1999-04-28 |
Family
ID=34865250
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96929405A Expired - Lifetime EP0847674B1 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1996-09-02 | Musical instruments incorporating loudspeakers |
Country Status (20)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0847674B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH11512259A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE179564T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU703004B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9610437A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2230154A1 (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ58198A3 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69602281T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0847674T3 (en) |
EA (1) | EA002375B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2133996T3 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1008643A1 (en) |
HU (1) | HUP9903872A2 (en) |
IL (1) | IL123481A (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ316562A (en) |
PL (1) | PL182641B1 (en) |
RO (1) | RO119053B1 (en) |
SK (1) | SK26298A3 (en) |
TR (1) | TR199800359T1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997009857A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2336072A1 (en) | 1998-06-22 | 1999-12-29 | Slab Technology Limited | Loudspeakers |
GB0414082D0 (en) * | 2004-06-24 | 2004-07-28 | New Transducers Ltd | Bending wave devices |
US11431312B2 (en) | 2004-08-10 | 2022-08-30 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
US8284955B2 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2012-10-09 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
US10158337B2 (en) | 2004-08-10 | 2018-12-18 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
US10848118B2 (en) | 2004-08-10 | 2020-11-24 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
US10848867B2 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2020-11-24 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
US9615189B2 (en) | 2014-08-08 | 2017-04-04 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | Artificial ear apparatus and associated methods for generating a head related audio transfer function |
US10701505B2 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2020-06-30 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc. | System, method, and apparatus for generating and digitally processing a head related audio transfer function |
US10069471B2 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2018-09-04 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
US11202161B2 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2021-12-14 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System, method, and apparatus for generating and digitally processing a head related audio transfer function |
US8502062B2 (en) * | 2010-07-12 | 2013-08-06 | Yamaha Corporation | Electronic keyboard musical instrument |
JP5703612B2 (en) * | 2010-07-12 | 2015-04-22 | ใคใใๆ ชๅผไผ็คพ | Electronic keyboard instrument |
JP5659617B2 (en) * | 2010-08-11 | 2015-01-28 | ใคใใๆ ชๅผไผ็คพ | Electronic keyboard instrument |
US9883318B2 (en) | 2013-06-12 | 2018-01-30 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for stereo field enhancement in two-channel audio systems |
US9264004B2 (en) | 2013-06-12 | 2016-02-16 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for narrow bandwidth digital signal processing |
US9906858B2 (en) | 2013-10-22 | 2018-02-27 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
US10639000B2 (en) | 2014-04-16 | 2020-05-05 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | Device for wide-band auscultation |
US9615813B2 (en) | 2014-04-16 | 2017-04-11 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc. | Device for wide-band auscultation |
US10820883B2 (en) | 2014-04-16 | 2020-11-03 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | Noise reduction assembly for auscultation of a body |
US9564146B2 (en) | 2014-08-01 | 2017-02-07 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing in deep diving environment |
US9638672B2 (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2017-05-02 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for acquiring acoustic information from a resonating body |
US9621994B1 (en) | 2015-11-16 | 2017-04-11 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | Surface acoustic transducer |
US9906867B2 (en) | 2015-11-16 | 2018-02-27 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | Surface acoustic transducer |
KR20200143707A (en) | 2018-04-11 | 2020-12-24 | ๋ณธ์ง์ค๋น ์ด์ปค์คํฑ์ค ์์์จ | Audio enhancement hearing protection system |
US10959035B2 (en) | 2018-08-02 | 2021-03-23 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System, method, and apparatus for generating and digitally processing a head related audio transfer function |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4392027A (en) * | 1978-05-05 | 1983-07-05 | Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm Gesellschaft Mit Beschraenkter Haftung | Method and apparatus for providing a uniform sound distribution in an aircraft cabin |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3247925A (en) * | 1962-03-08 | 1966-04-26 | Lord Corp | Loudspeaker |
JPS5748153Y2 (en) * | 1977-11-26 | 1982-10-22 | ||
EP0434754A1 (en) * | 1988-09-14 | 1991-07-03 | Wilhelm Schimmel Pianofortefabrik Gmbh | Sound radiation device and musical instrument |
DE3940612A1 (en) * | 1988-12-10 | 1990-06-13 | Hans Guenter Hofmann | Housing for electronic home organ - has drawer spaces for electronic units, cloth-covered loudspeaker enclosures and amplifier housing |
ATE117155T1 (en) * | 1990-08-04 | 1995-01-15 | Secr Defence Brit | PANEL-SHAPED SPEAKER. |
JP2595789Y2 (en) * | 1992-03-24 | 1999-06-02 | ๆ ชๅผไผ็คพๆฒณๅๆฅฝๅจ่ฃฝไฝๆ | Speaker device for electronic keyboard instrument |
-
1996
- 1996-09-02 DE DE69602281T patent/DE69602281T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-09-02 ES ES96929405T patent/ES2133996T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-02 SK SK262-98A patent/SK26298A3/en unknown
- 1996-09-02 AT AT96929405T patent/ATE179564T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-09-02 PL PL96325245A patent/PL182641B1/en unknown
- 1996-09-02 CA CA002230154A patent/CA2230154A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-09-02 HU HU9903872A patent/HUP9903872A2/en unknown
- 1996-09-02 AU AU68820/96A patent/AU703004B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-09-02 BR BR9610437A patent/BR9610437A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-09-02 RO RO98-00639A patent/RO119053B1/en unknown
- 1996-09-02 WO PCT/GB1996/002164 patent/WO1997009857A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-09-02 IL IL12348196A patent/IL123481A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-09-02 DK DK96929405T patent/DK0847674T3/en active
- 1996-09-02 JP JP9510965A patent/JPH11512259A/en active Pending
- 1996-09-02 NZ NZ316562A patent/NZ316562A/en unknown
- 1996-09-02 EA EA199800255A patent/EA002375B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-09-02 CZ CZ98581A patent/CZ58198A3/en unknown
- 1996-09-02 TR TR1998/00359T patent/TR199800359T1/en unknown
- 1996-09-02 EP EP96929405A patent/EP0847674B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-07-28 HK HK98109447A patent/HK1008643A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4392027A (en) * | 1978-05-05 | 1983-07-05 | Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm Gesellschaft Mit Beschraenkter Haftung | Method and apparatus for providing a uniform sound distribution in an aircraft cabin |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1997009857A2 (en) | 1997-03-13 |
IL123481A0 (en) | 1998-09-24 |
HUP9903872A2 (en) | 2000-03-28 |
HK1008643A1 (en) | 1999-05-14 |
ES2133996T3 (en) | 1999-09-16 |
EP0847674A2 (en) | 1998-06-17 |
JPH11512259A (en) | 1999-10-19 |
DK0847674T3 (en) | 1999-10-25 |
SK26298A3 (en) | 1998-09-09 |
PL325245A1 (en) | 1998-07-06 |
AU6882096A (en) | 1997-03-27 |
NZ316562A (en) | 1998-05-27 |
BR9610437A (en) | 1999-02-17 |
IL123481A (en) | 2000-10-31 |
ATE179564T1 (en) | 1999-05-15 |
RO119053B1 (en) | 2004-02-27 |
CZ58198A3 (en) | 1998-07-15 |
PL182641B1 (en) | 2002-02-28 |
CA2230154A1 (en) | 1997-03-13 |
EA199800255A1 (en) | 1998-10-29 |
DE69602281D1 (en) | 1999-06-02 |
TR199800359T1 (en) | 1998-05-21 |
DE69602281T2 (en) | 1999-09-16 |
EA002375B1 (en) | 2002-04-25 |
AU703004B2 (en) | 1999-03-11 |
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