EP0835971A1 - Concrete distributing system for pumped concrete - Google Patents
Concrete distributing system for pumped concrete Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0835971A1 EP0835971A1 EP19970117208 EP97117208A EP0835971A1 EP 0835971 A1 EP0835971 A1 EP 0835971A1 EP 19970117208 EP19970117208 EP 19970117208 EP 97117208 A EP97117208 A EP 97117208A EP 0835971 A1 EP0835971 A1 EP 0835971A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- concrete
- ready
- distribution system
- pipe
- mast
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
- E04G21/04—Devices for both conveying and distributing
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
- E04G21/04—Devices for both conveying and distributing
- E04G21/0418—Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose
- E04G21/0427—Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose on a static support, e.g. crane
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
- E04G21/04—Devices for both conveying and distributing
- E04G21/0418—Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose
- E04G21/0436—Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose on a mobile support, e.g. truck
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/4238—With cleaner, lubrication added to fluid or liquid sealing at valve interface
- Y10T137/4245—Cleaning or steam sterilizing
- Y10T137/4259—With separate material addition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/8593—Systems
- Y10T137/8807—Articulated or swinging flow conduit
Definitions
- the invention relates to a concrete distribution system for ready-mixed concrete, consisting of a concrete delivery pipeline consisting of several pipe sections and a pipeline supporting mast made of several supporting mast pieces.
- the concrete delivery pipeline is connected to a stationary or to a mobile concrete pump, the concrete is fed.
- this is ready-mixed concrete.
- Concrete distribution systems for ready-mixed concrete are known in which the concrete delivery pipeline consists of several pipe sections which are foldably attached to the foldable pipeline mast so that both can be unfolded like a folding rule.
- the pipeline is routed through the articulated joints of the mast, each with two 90 ° deflections. These deflections cause undesirable recoil in the conveying process and thus increased stress on the support mast construction.
- a free working space with a minimum height corresponding to the length of the pipe section is required for such concrete distribution systems to extend the concrete delivery pipeline in the operating position. Since there is often no corresponding free work space, the use of known concrete distribution systems is restricted.
- the invention has for its object to expand the possible uses of a concrete distribution system for ready-mixed concrete and to avoid increased loads on the mast structure.
- the task is solved by means of the design of the concrete distribution system according to the characterizing part of the main claim.
- Advantageous embodiments of the invention are achieved by the characterizing features of the subclaims.
- the inventive design of the concrete distribution system in connection with a concrete pump has the advantage of being used on construction sites with a limited free working height, such as tunnels, halls and similar structures.
- the support and turntable 2 for the pipeline support mast 3 is fastened to the support mast pieces 4, 5.
- the mast section 5 can be telescopically extended and retracted relative to the mast section 4.
- the sliding elements used for this purpose of a known type are not the subject of the invention.
- the pipe section 6 of the concrete conveying pipeline is fastened to the supporting mast piece 4 on the feed side and is connected to the concrete conveying pump via the supporting and rotating bolster 2.
- this tube section 6 has the piston 7, which slides within the tube section 8 when it is retracted and extended.
- the pipe section 8 encloses the pipe section 6, is fastened once to the supporting mast piece 5 and can slide over the sealing head 9 on the pipe section 6.
- the piston 7 is formed at the end of the tube section 6 as a rubber piston and rigidly connected.
- the ring-shaped remains between tube section 6 and tube section 8 Rinse chamber 10, which has a different length depending on the operating state of the concrete delivery pipeline having.
- the sealing head 9 is arranged, this pipe section seals against the first pipe section 6 and the inlet and outlet for the wash cabinet 10 forms.
- the seal 12 can be of a conventional type with known sealing elements respectively.
- the sealing head 9 is advantageously provided with two connections 11 for the inflow or outflow of detergent Mistake.
- the detergent usually water, with or without special additives, comes from a water tank, not shown, and flows back into it. Before the return flow into the tank, a filter with sand filling is provided, which retains cement particles from the annular wash chamber 10. This protects the circulation pump from wear.
- the detergent is circulated by a pump, which is usually located in the water tank.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
- Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Betonverteilersystem für Transportbeton, bestehend aus einer
Betonförderrohrleitung aus mehreren Rohrsektionen und einem Rohrleitungs-Tragmast aus
mehreren Tragmaststücken. Die Betonförderrohrleitung ist an eine stationäre oder an eine
mobile Betonpumpe angeschlossen, der Beton aufgegeben wird. In der Regel ist dies
Transportbeton.
Für ein Betonverteilersystem der genannten Art ist es erforderlich, es so auszubilden, daß sein
Einsatz auch auf Baustellen mit begrenzter freier Arbeitshöhe möglich ist.
Es sind Betonverteilersysteme für Transportbeton bekannt, bei denen die
Betonförderrohrleitung aus mehreren Rohrsektionen besteht, die faltbar so an dem faltbaren
Rohrleitungs-Tragmast angebracht sind, daß beide zollstockähnlich aufgefaltet werden
können. Dabei wird die Rohrleitung durch die Knickgelenke des Tragmastes geführt, mit
jeweils zweimaliger 90°-Umlenkung. Diese Umlenkungen verursachen im Fördervorgang
unerwünschte Rückstöße und damit erhöhte Belastung auf die Tragmast-Konstruktion.
Darüberhinaus ist bei derartigen Betonverteilersystemen zum Ausfahren der
Betonförderrohrleitung in Betriebsstelluug ein freier Arbeitsraum mit einer Mindesthöhe
entsprechend der Rohrsektionslänge erforderlich. Da oft ein entsprechender freier
Arbeitsraum nicht vorhanden ist, wird der Einsatz bekannter Betonverteilersysteme
eingeschränkt.The invention relates to a concrete distribution system for ready-mixed concrete, consisting of a concrete delivery pipeline consisting of several pipe sections and a pipeline supporting mast made of several supporting mast pieces. The concrete delivery pipeline is connected to a stationary or to a mobile concrete pump, the concrete is fed. As a rule, this is ready-mixed concrete.
For a concrete distribution system of the type mentioned, it is necessary to design it in such a way that it can also be used on construction sites with a limited free working height.
Concrete distribution systems for ready-mixed concrete are known in which the concrete delivery pipeline consists of several pipe sections which are foldably attached to the foldable pipeline mast so that both can be unfolded like a folding rule. The pipeline is routed through the articulated joints of the mast, each with two 90 ° deflections. These deflections cause undesirable recoil in the conveying process and thus increased stress on the support mast construction. In addition, a free working space with a minimum height corresponding to the length of the pipe section is required for such concrete distribution systems to extend the concrete delivery pipeline in the operating position. Since there is often no corresponding free work space, the use of known concrete distribution systems is restricted.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Einsatzmöglichkeiten eines
Betonverteilersystems für Transportbeton zu erweitern und erhöhte Belastungen auf die
Tragmast-Konstruktion zu vermeiden.
Die Lösung der gestellten Aufgabe erfolgt mittels der Ausgestaltung des
Betonverteilersystems gemäß dem Kennzeichen des Hauptanspruchs.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung werden erzielt durch die kennzeichnenden
Merkmale der Unteransprüche.
Die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung des Betonverteilersystems in Verbindung mit einer
Betonpumpe hat den Vorteil des Einsatzes auf Baustellen mit begrenzter freier Arbeitshöhe,
wie z.B. Tunnels, Hallen und ähnliche Bauwerke. The invention has for its object to expand the possible uses of a concrete distribution system for ready-mixed concrete and to avoid increased loads on the mast structure.
The task is solved by means of the design of the concrete distribution system according to the characterizing part of the main claim.
Advantageous embodiments of the invention are achieved by the characterizing features of the subclaims.
The inventive design of the concrete distribution system in connection with a concrete pump has the advantage of being used on construction sites with a limited free working height, such as tunnels, halls and similar structures.
Die teleskopierbare Betonförderleitung hat darüberhinaus den Vorteil, daß sie geradlinig ist
und Rückstöße durch Umlenkungen nicht auftreten können.
Die konstruktive Ausgestaltung der einzelnen Rohrsektionen mit Kolben bzw. Dichtkopf
erweist sich im Betrieb als besonders vorteilhaft, da Betonanbackungen nicht auftreten
können, bzw. ungünstigenfalls abgelöst werden. Die Standzeiten der Kolben und der
Dichtungen werden dadurch erheblich erhöht.
Das erfindungsgemäße Betonverteilersystem kann kombiniert werden mit konventionellen
Knickarmen und den zugehörigen Betonförderrohrleitungen.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in den Zeichnungen dargestellt. Es zeigt
- Fig. 1 -
- das Betonverteilersystem mit zwei Rohrsektionen und zwei Tragmaststücken im Längsschnitt und
- Fig.2 -
- die teleskopierbare Betonförderrohrleitung im Längsschnitt mit Kolben und Dichtkopf.
The constructive design of the individual pipe sections with pistons or sealing heads proves to be particularly advantageous in operation, since concrete caking cannot occur or, in the worst case, can be removed. This significantly increases the service life of the pistons and seals.
The concrete distributor system according to the invention can be combined with conventional articulated arms and the associated concrete delivery pipes.
An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawings. It shows
- Fig. 1 -
- the concrete distribution system with two pipe sections and two masts in longitudinal section and
- Fig. 2 -
- the telescopic concrete delivery pipe in longitudinal section with piston and sealing head.
Auf dem Trägerfahrzeug 1 nach Fig. 1, welches ein LKW oder ein Anhänger sein kann und
das in der Regel auch die Betonförderpumpe aufnimmt, ist der Trag- und Drehschemel 2 für
den Rohrleitungs-Tragmast 3 mit den Tragmaststücken 4, 5 befestigt. Das Maststück 5 kann
teleskopartig gegenüber dem Maststück 4 aus- und eingefahren werden. Die hierzu
eingesetzten Gleitelementein bekannter Art sind nicht Gegenstand der Erfindung.
Die Rohrsektion 6 der Betonförder-Rohrleitung ist an der Zuführseite am Tragmaststück 4
befestigt und über den Trag- und Drehschemel 2 mit der Betonförderpumpe verbunden. Diese
Rohrsektion 6 weist am Ende den Kolben 7 auf, der innerhalb der Rohrsektion 8 beim Ein- und
Ausfahren gleitet. Die Rohrsektion 8 umschließt die Rohrsektion 6, ist einmal am
Tragmaststück 5 befestigt und kann über den Dichtkopf 9 auf der Rohrsektion 6 gleiten.On the carrier vehicle 1 according to FIG. 1, which can be a truck or a trailer and which usually also houses the concrete feed pump, the support and
The
Nach Fig. 2 ist der Kolben 7 am Ende der Rohrsektion 6 als Gummikolben ausgebildet und
starr verbunden. Zwischen Rohrsektion 6 und Rohrsektion 8 verbleibt der ringförmige
Spülraum 10, der je nach Betriebszustand der Betonförderrohrleitung unterschiedliche Länge
aufweist. 2, the
Am Anfang der Rohrsektion 8 ist der Dichtkopf 9 angeordnet, der diese Rohrsektion
gegenüber der ersten Rohrsektion 6 abdichtet und die Zu- und Abführung für den Spülraum
10 bildet. Die Abdichtung 12 kann in konventioneller Art mit bekannten Dichtelementen
erfolgen. Vorteilhafterweise ist der Dichtkopf 9 mit zwei Anschlüssen 11 für Spülmittelzu- bzw.-abfluß
versehen.At the beginning of the
Das Spülmittel, in der Regel Wasser, ohne oder mit speziellen Zusätzen, kommt aus einem
Wassertank, nicht dargestellt, und fließt in diesen zurück.
Vor dem Rücklauf in den Tank ist ein Filter mit Sandfüllung vorgesehen, der Zementteilchen
aus dem ringförmigen Spülraum 10 zurückhält. Dadurch wird die Umwälzpumpe vor
Verschleiß geschützt. Die Umwälzung des Spülmittels erfolgt über eine Pumpe, die in der
Regel im Wassertank angeordnet ist. The detergent, usually water, with or without special additives, comes from a water tank, not shown, and flows back into it.
Before the return flow into the tank, a filter with sand filling is provided, which retains cement particles from the
- 11
- TrägerfahrzeugCarrier vehicle
- 22nd
- Trag- und DrehschemelSupport and turntable
- 33rd
- RohrleitungstragmastPipeline support mast
- 44th
- TragmaststückSupport mast piece
- 55
- TragmaststückSupport mast piece
- 66
- RohrsektionPipe section
- 77
- Kolbenpiston
- 88th
- RohrsektionPipe section
- 99
- DichtkopfSealing head
- 1010th
- SpülraumWashroom
- 1111
- Anschlüsseconnections
- 1212th
- Abdichtungseal
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19641789 | 1996-10-10 | ||
DE1996141789 DE19641789C1 (en) | 1996-10-10 | 1996-10-10 | Concrete distribution system for ready-mixed concrete |
US08/942,394 US5868156A (en) | 1996-10-10 | 1997-10-10 | Concrete distribution system for transportable concrete |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0835971A1 true EP0835971A1 (en) | 1998-04-15 |
Family
ID=26030235
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19970117208 Withdrawn EP0835971A1 (en) | 1996-10-10 | 1997-10-04 | Concrete distributing system for pumped concrete |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5868156A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0835971A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1131834C (en) |
BR (1) | BR9705005A (en) |
DE (1) | DE19641789C1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10213038A1 (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2003-10-09 | Tbg Transportbeton Rheinhessen | Truck-mounted concrete pump |
DE19837900B4 (en) * | 1998-03-13 | 2004-08-12 | Schwing Gmbh | Concrete conveying device and method |
WO2014056929A1 (en) * | 2012-10-08 | 2014-04-17 | Hudelmaier, Götz | Device and method for conveying high-viscosity material |
US10443251B2 (en) | 2016-10-19 | 2019-10-15 | Somero Enterprises, Inc. | Wheeled concrete supply hose moving device |
US11585154B2 (en) | 2017-09-08 | 2023-02-21 | Epiroc Rock Drills Aktiebolag | Mining or construction vehicle |
US11661797B2 (en) | 2017-09-08 | 2023-05-30 | Epiroc Rock Drills Aktiebolag | Mining or construction vehicle and a hydraulic cylinder conduit enclosing a conduit arrangement |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19849747C5 (en) | 1998-10-28 | 2005-10-27 | Schwing Gmbh | Distributor device for thick materials, in particular for concrete |
WO2001043932A1 (en) | 1999-12-17 | 2001-06-21 | Delaware Capital Formation, Inc. | Concrete placing and screeding apparatus and method |
US6588976B2 (en) | 1999-12-17 | 2003-07-08 | Delaware Capital Formation, Inc. | Concrete placing and screeding apparatus and method |
DE10106427B4 (en) * | 2001-02-12 | 2006-06-22 | Schwing Gmbh | Distributor device for thick materials, in particular for concrete |
CN102926542A (en) * | 2011-08-11 | 2013-02-13 | 青岛大学 | Rotatable telescoping type pump concrete pouring device |
CN103216096A (en) * | 2012-01-21 | 2013-07-24 | 徐工集团工程机械股份有限公司 | Telescopic distribution rod mechanism and concrete pump truck with same |
DE102012213729A1 (en) * | 2012-08-02 | 2014-02-06 | Putzmeister Engineering Gmbh | Concrete distributor boom for concrete pumps |
CN103253170B (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2016-04-06 | 中国人民解放军海军后勤技术装备研究所 | Fluid delivery boom system and vehicle |
CN105089678B (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2017-06-16 | 中联重科股份有限公司 | Concrete spraying equipment and arm support system thereof |
US20230151624A1 (en) | 2021-11-12 | 2023-05-18 | EZ Placer, LLC | Mobile concrete distribution system |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2331373A (en) * | 1940-11-22 | 1943-10-12 | Fisher & Ludlow Ltd | Liquid discharge appliance |
US3860175A (en) * | 1972-12-21 | 1975-01-14 | Forms Const | Mobile concrete distributing boom apparatus |
WO1989011574A1 (en) * | 1988-05-27 | 1989-11-30 | Fieldmark Designs Limited | Spraying apparatus |
WO1990010588A1 (en) * | 1989-03-10 | 1990-09-20 | Minkkinen Risto J | Device for conveying fluid materials |
EP0432854A1 (en) * | 1989-12-14 | 1991-06-19 | Pieter Faber | Device for remote pouring of concrete |
Family Cites Families (9)
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US3789869A (en) * | 1972-01-24 | 1974-02-05 | Snorkel Fire Equipment Co | Fire-fighting apparatus and elongate cantilever boom assembly therefor |
US3893480A (en) * | 1973-12-26 | 1975-07-08 | Glenn G Dunbar | Hydraulic line assembly |
US4130134A (en) * | 1976-12-13 | 1978-12-19 | Morgen Manufacturing Company | Material conveying apparatus |
US4391297A (en) * | 1980-11-20 | 1983-07-05 | Fmc Corporation | Mono-rail boom supported articulated service line |
US4526090A (en) * | 1984-02-02 | 1985-07-02 | Mccormick Morgan, Inc. | Flexible conduit take-up apparatus |
US5211203A (en) * | 1992-05-15 | 1993-05-18 | Vollweiler Timothy J | Portable self-contained ground water testing assembly |
WO1994004792A1 (en) * | 1992-08-19 | 1994-03-03 | Putzmeister-Werk Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | Travelling concreting device |
DE9212417U1 (en) * | 1992-09-15 | 1993-01-28 | Welzel, Andreas, 8052 Moosburg | Device for continuous concreting of large structures |
DE4439930C2 (en) * | 1994-11-08 | 1996-10-10 | Hudelmaier Ulrike | Device for pumping concrete |
-
1996
- 1996-10-10 DE DE1996141789 patent/DE19641789C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-10-04 EP EP19970117208 patent/EP0835971A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-10-09 BR BR9705005A patent/BR9705005A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-10-10 US US08/942,394 patent/US5868156A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-10 CN CN97120684A patent/CN1131834C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2331373A (en) * | 1940-11-22 | 1943-10-12 | Fisher & Ludlow Ltd | Liquid discharge appliance |
US3860175A (en) * | 1972-12-21 | 1975-01-14 | Forms Const | Mobile concrete distributing boom apparatus |
WO1989011574A1 (en) * | 1988-05-27 | 1989-11-30 | Fieldmark Designs Limited | Spraying apparatus |
WO1990010588A1 (en) * | 1989-03-10 | 1990-09-20 | Minkkinen Risto J | Device for conveying fluid materials |
EP0432854A1 (en) * | 1989-12-14 | 1991-06-19 | Pieter Faber | Device for remote pouring of concrete |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19837900B4 (en) * | 1998-03-13 | 2004-08-12 | Schwing Gmbh | Concrete conveying device and method |
DE10213038A1 (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2003-10-09 | Tbg Transportbeton Rheinhessen | Truck-mounted concrete pump |
WO2014056929A1 (en) * | 2012-10-08 | 2014-04-17 | Hudelmaier, Götz | Device and method for conveying high-viscosity material |
US10443251B2 (en) | 2016-10-19 | 2019-10-15 | Somero Enterprises, Inc. | Wheeled concrete supply hose moving device |
US10961728B2 (en) | 2016-10-19 | 2021-03-30 | Somero Enterprises, Inc. | Wheeled concrete supply hose moving device |
US11585154B2 (en) | 2017-09-08 | 2023-02-21 | Epiroc Rock Drills Aktiebolag | Mining or construction vehicle |
US11661797B2 (en) | 2017-09-08 | 2023-05-30 | Epiroc Rock Drills Aktiebolag | Mining or construction vehicle and a hydraulic cylinder conduit enclosing a conduit arrangement |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5868156A (en) | 1999-02-09 |
BR9705005A (en) | 1998-10-06 |
DE19641789C1 (en) | 1998-07-16 |
CN1131834C (en) | 2003-12-24 |
CN1181446A (en) | 1998-05-13 |
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