EP0831550A1 - Antenne-réseau polyvalente - Google Patents
Antenne-réseau polyvalente Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0831550A1 EP0831550A1 EP97402152A EP97402152A EP0831550A1 EP 0831550 A1 EP0831550 A1 EP 0831550A1 EP 97402152 A EP97402152 A EP 97402152A EP 97402152 A EP97402152 A EP 97402152A EP 0831550 A1 EP0831550 A1 EP 0831550A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- free edge
- notch
- recess
- ground plane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
- H01Q13/085—Slot-line radiating ends
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials
Definitions
- the invention relates to high performance antennas.
- these antennas are arranged in a network of large dimensions, capable of electronic scanning on angular coverage up to +/- 40 °, if not more.
- the individual radiating elements of the network are small dimensions relative to the working wavelength. The nature of the radiating elements differs according to the field of frequency and / or application that we consider.
- Narrowband applications (+/- 10% around a center frequency) favor gain and the absence of secondary lobes. They use radiant elements resonant, of the pavé or dipole type, seeking to provide an angular coverage compatible with the extent desired sweep.
- the first concern is to best cover the desired band, there also with angular coverage compatible with the range desired sweep, usually at the expense of gain and the absence of side lobes.
- the present invention aims to provide elements of solution to this problem.
- the radiating device proposed is of the type comprising a support, a flat dielectric substrate, mounted perpendicularly to the support, to define, remotely from the support, a free edge parallel to this, with at least one of the two large faces of the substrate, a matching metallization a recess which widens to the free edge, while the substrate thus forms a radiating structure, where the profile of the recess form adaptation between an area of coupling with a microwave power supply, and a zone broadband radiative near the free edge.
- the profile of the recess is chosen to have a phase center substantially fixed, in a narrow frequency band, spanning approximately 10% around a central frequency chosen, and this substantially across the entire coverage angular; and the support comprises a ground plane, hollowed out according to a passage suitable for housing the substrate, the distance between this passage and the free edge of the substrate being chosen for optimize the radiative efficiency in said narrow band.
- the two large faces of the substrate are provided with two metallizations with similar recesses shape, in homologous positions, which provides a profile in notch.
- the notch is of the so-called "MONSER" type, having a two-stage profile for adaptation to free space.
- the distance between the passage of the ground plane and the free edge of the substrate is close to half the length wave in air at the center frequency of the band narrow.
- the lateral spacing between the longitudinal edge of the passage of the ground plane and the large face of the substrate which is opposite is adjusted for achieve a low standing wave rate while expanding the bandwidth in the presence of the ground plane.
- the radiating elements of the array antennas used in radar or telecommunications are resonant: paved microstrip ("patches"); dipoles.
- patterns paved microstrip
- dipoles We know ways to expand to some extent their working band or to make them multi-frequency. But, if we are looking for broadband characteristics going beyond an octave, pavers and dipoles show a very significant degradation and prohibitive of their radioelectric characteristics.
- radiating elements are either of a type which has radiative properties independent of the frequency ("spiral” or “log-periodic” type elements), either of a type which works by progressive waves (“VIVALDI” type elements, or "notch” type elements).
- Figure 1 illustrates the block diagram of an element radiating into an exponential profile notch (described in particular in the article "A BROADBAND STRIPLINE ANTENNA", L.R. LEWIS, M. FASSETT, J. HUNT, IEEE Symposium on Antenna Propagation, 1974, pp 335-337).
- a dielectric substrate SU is metallized on its two large faces, in M1 and M2, except in two recesses E1 and E2, counterparts, which exponentially flare toward a free edge BL, perpendicular to the large faces.
- a CZ coupling zone At the rear, i.e. at the level of the narrow part of the recesses, these are coupled in a CZ coupling zone to a LA supply line, arriving in tri-plate mode ("stripline") between metallizations M1 and M2, with a propagation in TEM mode.
- stripline tri-plate mode
- a slit Between the opposite edges of the same recess is defined a slit, which widens.
- the radiant properties are due mainly to propagation in progressive waves (waves surface) along this slit which widens towards the edge free, as well as the discontinuity of the recess at the level free edge.
- VIVALDI type elements resemble notch profiles, but only include one hollowed out metallization, next to the power line.
- Figure 2 shows how R10 radiating elements ... R19, ... R70 to R79 can be mounted on a support base BA to constitute a network antenna.
- Figure 3 illustrates the proposed radiating element, under the form of a MONSER notch.
- a reference wavelength ⁇ which can be that of the center frequency of the band close to get.
- This substrate may in particular be made of Teflon glass of the DUROID 5880 type (registered trademark).
- the supply line LA is for example printed between the two layers of the SU substrate. It forms with metallizations M1 and M2 a triplate system ("stripline”), subject to TEM type microwave propagation ("transverse electric mode "). Its LA9 end part couples to the slot narrow, like a tri-plate / slot transition. This transition is adjusted to obtain currents in phase opposition between the two edges of the narrow slot, in the coupling area.
- An individual radiating element can be held in position chosen, in principle symmetrically, with respect to the passage of the ground plan. This positioning can be obtained using GU guide longitudinal wings mounted on its connector rear CR ( Figure 4A). As shown in Figure 4B, at from the notch, the LA supply line curves to join longitudinally the CR1 core of the connector, where we also see holes CR8 for the fixing screws of the CR connector.
- Figure 5 schematically illustrates the assembly, on both sides on the other side of the PM ground plane. There is a support against it, for example metallic, for the CR connector.
- Figure 7 illustrates part of a network thus obtained.
- the real network can have a much higher number of elements, in particular several hundred.
- this network operates in a 10% band around the center frequency (corresponding at ⁇ ), with an angular coverage of +/- 60 °, and this without meet side lobes due to the network. This responds well to narrow band needs, in one embodiment relatively simple and economical.
- the network antenna also has the advantage of having a bandwidth greater than one octave. This makes it clean operate in other narrowband modes, including multi-frequencies.
- the notch has a center substantially fixed phase, substantially at the edge free, in a narrow frequency band, extending over around 10% around a selected central frequency, and this substantially across the entire angular coverage.
- the distance between the passage and the free edge of the substrate can be chosen to optimize the radiative efficiency in said narrow band, and thus compensate for the harmful effects of the presence of the ground plane.
- the distance d 0 between the passage PT of the ground plane and the free edge BL of the substrate is close to the half-wavelength in air at the central frequency of the narrow band.
- d 0 is about 0.44 ⁇ .
- different values may also be suitable.
- the lateral spacing between the longitudinal edges of the passage PT of the ground plane and each large face of the substrate can be adjusted to obtain a low standing wave rate, while broadening the bandwidth in the presence of the ground plan.
- the element described has, on a strip more as wide as an octave, an active reflection coefficient of 10 dB, which corresponds to an active standing wave rate (TOS) of 2/1.
- the radiation diagram has a 90 ° opening. So we can also use it widely strip, with an angular coverage of +/- 45 °, for sidelobes at least 10 dB below the level of the main lobe.
- Depointing electronic scanning can be performed by delay lines, for this application. Broadband performance can be improved, if the radiating elements located around the network antenna is not supplied in this mode.
- the substrate of the radiating element can be extended towards the rear, to serve as a printed circuit supporting electronic scanning devices, active or passive, and / or amplification elements.
- the invention suitable for active radiant modules.
- each radiating element i.e. on the side of its free edge.
- the radiating elements can arrange the radiating elements in cross, either two at each position, or by crossing from one position to the adjacent position.
- the radiating element is likely to operate between 1 and 50 GHz, approximately.
Landscapes
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- la figure 1 illustre schématiquement un premier type d'élément rayonnant, de profil dit "exponentiel" ;
- la figure 2 illustre schématiquement le montage d'un élément rayonnant en une antenne-réseau ;
- la figure 3 illustre partiellement, en proportions exactes, un mode de réalisation préférentiel d'un élément rayonnant selon la présente invention ;
- les figures 4A et 4B illustrent l'élément rayonnant de la figure 3, complet, respectivement avec et sans connecteur ;
- la figure 5 illustre schématiquement le montage de l'élément rayonnant des figures 3 et 4 sur un plan-masse ;
- la figure 6 illustre la maille du montage en réseau de l'élément rayonnant selon l'invention ;
- la figure 7 illustre une partie d'une antenne-réseau selon l'invention ; et
- les figures 8 et 9 illustrent deux autres éléments rayonnants utilisables pour d'autres modes de réalisation.
- encoche de MONSER (brevet US 3 836 976 ; "DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR BROADBANDING PHASED ARRAY ELEMENTS BEYOND TWO OCTAVES", G.MONSER, Military Microwave Conferences, pp 392-396, Brighton, England, 1986) ;
- encoche de POVINELLI ("DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF WIDEBAND DUAL POLARIZED STRIPLINE NOTCH ARRAYS", M.J. POVINELLI, J.A. JOHNSON, IEEE Symposium on antennas and propagation, 1988, pp 200-203).
- fente large, près du bord libre BL, de largeur a1 = 0.213 λ, et de profondeur (longueur) p1 = 0.213 λ, égale à sa largeur ;
- fente rétrécie, à l'opposé du bord libre BL, de largeur égale à un peu moins du tiers de la précédente, soit a2 = 0.066 λ.
- la profondeur ou longueur totale de l'évidement est p2 = 0.343 λ.
- forme plus "carrée" de la partie de l'évidement qui forme la fente large (ici, a1 = p1), et
- faible profondeur p2 - p1 de la fente étroite au fond de l'évidement.
- longueur f1 = 0.636 λ, et
- largeur f0 = 0,073 λ.
Claims (12)
- Dispositif rayonnant, comprenant:un support (PM),un substrat diélectrique plat (SU), monté perpendiculairement au support, pour définir, à distance du support, un bord libre (BL) parallèle à celui-ci,sur au moins l'une des deux grandes faces du substrat, une métallisation (M1,M2) assortie d'un évidement (E1,E2) qui s'évase jusqu'au bord libre,le substrat formant ainsi une structure rayonnante, où le profil de l'évidement forme adaptation entre une zone de couplage avec une alimentation hyperfréquence, et une zone radiative à large bande au voisinage du bord libre,
et en ce que le support comprend un plan-masse (PM), évidé selon un passage (PT) propre à loger le substrat, la distance entre ce passage et le bord libre (BL) du substrat étant choisie pour optimiser le rendement radiatif dans ladite bande étroite. - Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les deux grandes faces du substrat sont munies de deux métallisations (M1,M2) avec des évidements (E1,E2) de même forme, en positions homologues, ce qui fournit un profil en encoche.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la dimension de l'évidement (E1,E2) perpendiculairement au bord libre est au plus à peu près égale à la longueur du bord libre (BL).
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 2 et 3, caractérisé en ce que l'évidement est du type dit encoche de "MONSER", possédant un profil à deux étages d'adaptation à l'espace libre.
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la distance entre le passage (PT) du plan-masse et le bord libre (BL) du substrat est voisine de la demi-longueur d'onde dans l'air à la fréquence centrale de la bande étroite.
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'écartement latéral entre le bord longitudinal du passage (PT) du plan-masse et la grande face du substrat qui est en regard est ajusté pour obtenir un faible taux d'ondes stationnaires tout en élargissant la bande passante en présence du plan-masse.
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une ligne-ruban de couplage (LA) formant structure tri-plaque avec la métallisation (M1,M2) du substrat, et formant transition tri-plaque/fente avec l'évidement (E1,E2), au voisinage de son extrémité distante du bord libre du substrat.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la ligne-ruban de couplage (LA) opère en mode TEM.
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un organe polariseur, tel qu'un polariseur à ligne en méandre, placé devant le bord libre de l'élément rayonnant.
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une pluralité de substrats à encoche formant un réseau bidimensionnel, sur un même plan-masse, usiné de passages en fentes homologues de ces substrats (Fig. 7).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que les substrats à encoche sont croisés en vue d'une diversité de polarisation.
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 10 et 11, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre des moyens de balayage électronique selon une direction au moins.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9611439A FR2753568B1 (fr) | 1996-09-19 | 1996-09-19 | Antenne-reseau polyvalente |
FR9611439 | 1996-09-19 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0831550A1 true EP0831550A1 (fr) | 1998-03-25 |
EP0831550B1 EP0831550B1 (fr) | 2004-02-25 |
Family
ID=9495893
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97402152A Expired - Lifetime EP0831550B1 (fr) | 1996-09-19 | 1997-09-17 | Antenne-réseau polyvalente |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0831550B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE260515T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69727748T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2753568B1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007060477A3 (fr) * | 2005-11-23 | 2007-08-02 | Selex Sensors & Airborne Sys | Antennes |
JP2008510425A (ja) * | 2004-08-18 | 2008-04-03 | テレフオンアクチーボラゲット エル エム エリクソン(パブル) | 導波管ノッチアンテナ |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3836976A (en) * | 1973-04-19 | 1974-09-17 | Raytheon Co | Closely spaced orthogonal dipole array |
EP0257881A2 (fr) * | 1986-08-29 | 1988-03-02 | Decca Limited | Antenne à fente constituée par un guide d'onde et réseau de celle-ci |
US4903033A (en) * | 1988-04-01 | 1990-02-20 | Ford Aerospace Corporation | Planar dual polarization antenna |
-
1996
- 1996-09-19 FR FR9611439A patent/FR2753568B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-09-17 EP EP97402152A patent/EP0831550B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-17 AT AT97402152T patent/ATE260515T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-09-17 DE DE69727748T patent/DE69727748T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3836976A (en) * | 1973-04-19 | 1974-09-17 | Raytheon Co | Closely spaced orthogonal dipole array |
EP0257881A2 (fr) * | 1986-08-29 | 1988-03-02 | Decca Limited | Antenne à fente constituée par un guide d'onde et réseau de celle-ci |
US4903033A (en) * | 1988-04-01 | 1990-02-20 | Ford Aerospace Corporation | Planar dual polarization antenna |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
BRYNJARSSON B A ET AL: "MICROSTRIP-ANTENNA WORK AT NTH/SINTEF DELAB", IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE, vol. 37, no. 1, 1 February 1995 (1995-02-01), pages 25 - 30, XP000489261 * |
SCHAUBERT D H ET AL: "MOMENT METHOD ANALYSIS OF INFINITE STRIPLINE-FED TAPERED SLOT ANTENNA ARRAYS WITH A GROUND PLANE", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 42, no. 8, 1 August 1994 (1994-08-01), pages 1161 - 1166, XP000458803 * |
SCHAUBERT D H ET AL: "PARAMETER STUDY OF TAPERED SLOT ANTENNA ARRAYS", IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, NEWPORT BEACH, JUNE 18 - 23, 1995 HELD IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE USNC/URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETI, vol. 3, 18 June 1995 (1995-06-18), INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS, pages 1376 - 1379, XP000588789 * |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2008510425A (ja) * | 2004-08-18 | 2008-04-03 | テレフオンアクチーボラゲット エル エム エリクソン(パブル) | 導波管ノッチアンテナ |
US7642979B2 (en) | 2004-08-18 | 2010-01-05 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M (Publ) | Wave-guide-notch antenna |
WO2007060477A3 (fr) * | 2005-11-23 | 2007-08-02 | Selex Sensors & Airborne Sys | Antennes |
US7683847B2 (en) | 2005-11-23 | 2010-03-23 | Selex Sensors And Airborne Systems Limited | Antennas |
EP3528340A1 (fr) * | 2005-11-23 | 2019-08-21 | Leonardo MW Limited | Antennes |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2753568A1 (fr) | 1998-03-20 |
ATE260515T1 (de) | 2004-03-15 |
FR2753568B1 (fr) | 1998-11-13 |
DE69727748T2 (de) | 2005-01-05 |
EP0831550B1 (fr) | 2004-02-25 |
DE69727748D1 (de) | 2004-04-01 |
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