OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
The present invention consists in an elevator
mechanism used in garbage collecting trucks for raising
garbage containers, tipping them inward to dump the
contents and subsequently lowering them down to the
starting position, the mechanism being formed by a set of
connecting rods hinged to each other and to the container's
supporting structure and rotatory frame, its displacement
resulting from the vertical movement of a single hydraulic
rotation actuator laterally integral to the mechanism's
main rotatory axis which provides the container with a
vertical and rotatory movement.
A further object of the invention consists in
incorporating an attachment means which is easily coupled
and de-coupled to the garbage container in order to provide
it with movement jointly with the supporting structure
during the mechanism's tipping phase, furthermore
preventing the falling of the container.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Container elevator mechanisms applied mainly to
garbage collecting trucks use two or more cylinders which
provide vertical movement to the structure onto which the
container is coupled, plus a horizontal movement for
tipping the container and dumping the garbage from its
upper position into the truck.
This system requires incorporating a series of
adjustment means designed to synchronize the movement of
both cylinders to achieve the desired movement of the
structure and consequently of the container.
It is therefore necessary to include a hydraulic
circuit with a series of control valves and accessories
which contribute toward an increase in the complexity of
the mechanism and add substantially to the cost of the
assembly.
Bearing in mind the problems involved in providing a
solution to the above, the development of a more simple
mechanical elevator, such as the one described hereunder,
is called for.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention optimizes the operating
conditions of the container elevator mechanisms presently
used in garbage collecting trucks by means of a structure
formed by a series of hinged connecting rods driven by a
single hydraulic revolving actuator which provides vertical
movement to the container in a first phase of its
trajectory, plus a tipping motion towards the truck in a
subsequent phase of its trajectory.
The single hydraulic revolving actuator is laterally
attached to the mechanism's main rotating axis, and to this
rotating axis is associated a movable frame onto which are
hinged said connecting rods, the frame remaining fixed
during the container's vertical trajectory and rotating
with the rest of the structure from its vertical elevated
position to the uppermost inclined position at which the
dumping of the garbage takes place.
Thus, during the movement of the container in a
vertical direction the connecting rods move in a way that
the container hardly rotates while being raised, said frame
remaining in a fixed position and the connecting rods
remaining motionless in respect to the frame during the
tipping of the container towards the garbage truck, while
the frame rotates around the mechanism's main axis and
carries with it the set of connecting rods.
It should be noted that, as opposed to other
mechanisms, the main rotation axis remains stationary, its
rotation merely driving the mechanism which moves the
container towards or away from the truck.
Movement of the container is integral to the lateral
supporting structure onto which the connecting rods hinge,
this action causing the displacement of said supporting
structure and consequently of the container.
The supporting structure is fitted with a lower plate
in lateral contact with the front face of the container,
plus a gripping and holding mechanism in the container's
upper base which ensures attachment when tilted.
The hinged connecting rod assembly essentially
comprises upper connecting rods integral to the main
rotation axis, each or which is hinged at the other end
thereof to respective slightly elbowed arms, the lower ends
of which are in turn hinged to a sector adjacent one of the
ends of an intermediate connecting rod extending between
the movable frame and the container's supporting structure,
being furthermore fitted with a parallel lower connecting
rod which likewise hinges between the movable frame and the
container's supporting structure.
The gripping and holding mechanism in the container's
upper base, mounted onto the upper end of the supporting
structure, comprises a comb provided with upwardly oriented
claws which are inserted in recesses at the front upper
face of the container, and also comprises a counter-comb
which hinges around the supporting structure around which
said intermediate connecting rod is also jointed.
The counter-comb is open when the container lies in
its lower position, rotating towards the comb and against
the container's upper base as the container reaches its
upper position, so that the container's attachment to the
structure between the comb and the counter-comb is ensured
while the container rotates towards or away from the
truck's garbage deposit.
The counter-comb is fitted with an internal projection
which constitutes a contact and thrusting means for a part
shaped as a screw which protrudes from the elbowed arm and
which, upon moving upwards, pushes and causes the
subsequent progressive rotation of the counter-comb in the
direction of the upper base of the container coupled to the
comb.
Furthermore, it should be underlined that the counter-comb
is fitted with a spring fixed to its lower end and to
the container's supporting structure, said spring being
extended when the counter-comb rotates in order to
facilitate recovery of the original position of the
counter-comb when the latter's extension ceases to make
contact with the pusher in the elbowed arm, this condition
generating the lowering motion of the container from its
maximum vertical elevated position down to the initial
lowermost position.
On the other hand, in the elevation phase and once the
container has reached its uppermost vertical position and
is conveniently secured to the supporting structure with
the aid of the counter-comb, the assembly composed of
connecting rods and supporting structure starts to rotate
jointly with the movable frame.
The elbowed arm comprises an internal support or
abutting element which comes into contact with the main
rotation axis when the container reaches its the raised
position, thus managing to bind the connecting rod assembly
to the rotation of the axis and cause the movable frame to
rotate until an optimal slanting position is reached
wherein the full contents in the container are dumped into
the truck.
In order to integrate to a larger extent the hinged
connecting rod assembly to the movable frame in order to
bind the movement of the supporting structure and container
to the movable frame, the lower connecting rod is fitted
with a hanging safety hook which rotates by the effect of
gravity when the frame tilts up to a position in which the
hook anchors onto a stub protruding from the frame. This
hook attachment feature prevents unforeseen falls of the
hinged structure.
As the frame descends, the hook rotates and becomes
disengaged from the stub, the movement of the frame
becoming thus liberated from that of the container.
The hook can also be rotated in the opposite direction
and coupled onto the stub in order to provide a support for
the hinged assembly on the frame when the mechanism is not
in operation, thus preventing unintended movement.
Recovery of the container's initial lower position is
attained progressively as the single hydraulic rotatory
actuator ceases to receive pressure. Being exempt of
additional valves and connections, the installation is less
complex.
In order to adjust the position of the elevator, the
mechanism incorporates a lever designed to increase or
reduce the pressure coming from the single hydraulic
rotatory actuator.
It should also be stated that the mechanism is
applicable to other types of containers, namely of the type
fitted with side stubs engaged by anchoring arms extending
sideways from the supporting structure and which couple
onto said container stubs to facilitate the raising of the
container.
The possibility is also contemplated wherein the
elevator mechanism is divided into two independent rotatory
halves, each of which is equipped with a single hydraulic
rotatory actuator fitted with a control which allows for
independent or synchronized operation.
In the above case and as a result of the shorter width
of the mechanism in question, a single lower connecting rod
may be installed in a central position, as opposed to the
device using a single mechanism which spans the whole width
of the truck and which, as previously described, is fitted
with two lower connecting rods.
If the truck is fitted with two mechanisms, the
elevators may be operated in an out-of-phase mode, e.g. one
of them going up while the other goes down.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
To complement the description being provided and in
order to help toward a better understanding of the
characteristics of the invention, a set of drawings is
attached to this specification, forming an integral part
thereof, wherein the following is shown in an illustrative
and non limiting character:
Figure 1 shows a side view of the elevator mechanism
with the container in its lower position.
Figure 2 shows a side view of the elevator mechanism
with the container in its uppermost vertical position.
Figure 3 shows a side view of the elevator mechanism
with the container in its slanted unloading position.
Figure 4 shows a front view of the elevator mechanism.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
In the light of these figures, a preferred mode of
embodiment of the garbage container elevator mechanism for
trucks is described which essentially comprises a main
rotation axis (1) driven by a single hydraulic rotatory
actuator (3) which produces the rotation and consequently
the elevation of a supporting structure (2) onto which the
container (4) is coupled by way of a hinged connection rod
assembly associated to the main axis (1) ; and rotation of
the supporting structure by the rotatory movement of a
movable frame (7) also associated to the hinged connecting
rod assembly which remains integral to the frame during the
latter's rotation up to the tilted discharge position in
which the garbage is dumped into the truck.
The hinged connecting rod assembly comprises upper
connecting rods (8) integral to the main rotatory axis (1),
each of which is hinged at its other end to respective
slightly elbowed arms (9), the lower ends of which are in
turn hinged to a sector adjacent one of the ends of an
intermediate connecting rod (5) extending between the frame
(7) and the supporting structure (2) in the container,
being furthermore fitted with a parallel lower connecting
rod (6) which likewise hinges between the frame (7) and the
supporting structure (2) in the container (4) while the
container is tilted.
The supporting structure (2) in container (4)
comprises a supporting comb (12) for said container (4)
associated to a rotatory counter-comb (13) around the hinge
between the supporting structure (2) and the intermediate
connecting rod (5), which counter-comb (13) is fitted with
a part (14) extending from it which comes in contact with
a pusher (17) located in the elbow of elbowed arm (9)
during the raising movement, causing the counter-comb (13)
to rotate until it contacts the upper base of container (4)
and fixes it in said position.
The counter-comb (13) is fitted with an extensible
spring (16) in its upper end, associated at its other end
to the supporting structure (2) designed to facilitate the
recovery of the initial position of the counter-comb (13)
during the lowering of the container (4) from its slanting
position.
The lower connecting rod (6) is fitted with a safety
hook (15) hanging from it by the effect of gravity which
couples onto a stub (11) protruding from frame (7) in order
to join the hinged connecting rod assembly and the
container's supporting structure (2) with the frame (7)
during the frame's rotatory movement, or in the supporting
structure's elevated vertical position when the mechanism
is not in operation, acting as a safety means.
The elbowed arm (9) is fitted with a supporting block
(10) in its inner face which comes in contact with the main
axis (1) in order to associate the movement of the hinged
assembly to the movement of said rotating axis (1).
This description need not be more extensive for an
expert on the subject to grasp the scope of the invention
and the advantages deriving therefrom.
The materials, shape, size and arrangement of the
elements are liable to variation provided the essential
nature of the invention is not altered.
The terms used in this specification must always be
taken in their broad and non limiting sense.