EP0820326B1 - Flexible device having fire-resistant properties - Google Patents

Flexible device having fire-resistant properties Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0820326B1
EP0820326B1 EP96913574A EP96913574A EP0820326B1 EP 0820326 B1 EP0820326 B1 EP 0820326B1 EP 96913574 A EP96913574 A EP 96913574A EP 96913574 A EP96913574 A EP 96913574A EP 0820326 B1 EP0820326 B1 EP 0820326B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
molecules
endothermic reaction
generating
elements
complex
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP96913574A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0820326A1 (en
Inventor
Jacques Bureau
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Mecanique Application Tissus Mecatiss
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Mecanique Application Tissus Mecatiss
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
    • Y10S428/921—Fire or flameproofing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249986—Void-containing component contains also a solid fiber or solid particle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
    • Y10T442/102—Woven scrim
    • Y10T442/133—Inorganic fiber-containing scrim
    • Y10T442/148—Including a coating or impregnation containing particulate material other than fiber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
    • Y10T442/102—Woven scrim
    • Y10T442/172—Coated or impregnated
    • Y10T442/174—Including particulate material other than fiber in coating or impregnation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/50—FELT FABRIC
    • Y10T442/57—Including particulate material other than fiber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/659—Including an additional nonwoven fabric
    • Y10T442/666—Mechanically interengaged by needling or impingement of fluid [e.g., gas or liquid stream, etc.]
    • Y10T442/667—Needled
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/659—Including an additional nonwoven fabric
    • Y10T442/673—Including particulate material other than fiber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/682—Needled nonwoven fabric
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/699—Including particulate material other than strand or fiber material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a flexible device having fire-resistant properties.
  • This device aims to ensure the protection of elements, devices or apparatus against propagation of heat in case of fires.
  • This device is intended for example to provide protection of electric cables in a cable tray, in case of elevation of heat due for example to a fire. It is indeed essential, in numerous installations, to be able to protect electrical cables and other control cables during a fire, as long as these are linked to fundamental security systems.
  • the device according to the invention is a flexible device, in order to be able to marry as best as possible the areas to be protected.
  • These measures contains several components, in particular at least one layer fibrous elements consisting for example of ceramic wool, optionally at least one protective fabric, with assembly of different components with glue or intermediate sealant.
  • Known devices can incorporate water molecules which, by vaporizing under the action of heat, absorb energy and delay the propagation of the temperature rise from the face of the device turned from the side of the fire towards the cold side of the latter.
  • the properties firewalls are not stable over time, due in particular to the natural dehydration of the device, linked to the environment, in particular the warm atmosphere of certain premises or facilities, such as nuclear reactors, boilers or refineries. In these conditions, there is a gradual loss of water from the protection device, limiting the effectiveness of it.
  • substrates such as ceramic fibers
  • substrates are obtained by fusion at very high temperature, of the order of 2000 to 2300 ° C, which prohibits the natural presence of water in any form whether it be.
  • French patent 2,701,850 in the name of the Applicant, relates to a device of this type, in which the assembly of the different elements, such as fibrous and / or textile elements, is produced using a refractory adhesive containing active components and / or additives containing chemically bound water, and stable at temperatures below 80 ° C.
  • the advantage of using chemically bound water is that the water molecules are not free, and cannot therefore evaporate under the action of a normal rise in temperature, the only possibility evaporation occurring during a significant rise in temperature accompanied by decomposition of molecules containing chemically bound water.
  • the glue also contains unbound water chemically and which, for its part, will evaporate as the product aging.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a flexible device having fire-resistant properties, which has a reduced thickness, and the stability over time is even better.
  • the device which it relates to of the type comprising a complex of fibrous and / or textile and / or grid-like elements is characterized in that inside at least one of the constituent elements of the complex are inserted dry particles of products containing molecules that are chemically and physically stable to ambient temperatures, and which generate an endothermic reaction during a rise in temperature.
  • the molecules generating an endothermic reaction are dispersed in the mass of at least one of the constituent elements of the complex, without having been previously placed in an aqueous solution. These molecules are in the form of a powder, the particles are placed directly in at least one of the elements constitutive of the complex, without being associated with an aqueous support, which dehydrates as you age. The stability of the device is therefore guaranteed, without no loss of efficiency over time.
  • this device comprises several types of molecules generating an endothermic reaction, ensuring retention of water at different temperature levels, up to temperatures higher than 200 ° C.
  • This characteristic makes it possible to benefit from reactions endothermic at different temperatures, which promotes delay of the heat transmission from the hot side to the cold side of the device.
  • the molecules generating a endothermic reaction are arranged between the different layers of the building blocks of the complex.
  • the molecules generating an endothermic reaction are inserted into the openings corresponding to the mesh of the element.
  • the molecules generating a reaction endothermic are inserted in the thickness of the sheet, between the fibers.
  • Needling a sheet of fibers for example fibers of ceramic, also reduces the thickness of this layer, which constitutes an advantage, insofar as the device is intended for wrap elements of complex shape, not allowing a material thickness too great. According to one possibility, in the case where it has several layers of superimposed fibers, the operation needling is carried out at the same time through the different layers fiber.
  • the molecules generating an endothermic reaction contain bound water chemically.
  • the molecules containing chemically bound water are chosen from hydrates of metal or metalloid oxides, such as hydrated alumina Al 2 O 3 , 3 H 2 O.
  • the molecules generating an endothermic reaction consist of heavy metals, such than lead or mercury.
  • some at less of the components of the complex are assembled with an adhesive refractory itself containing molecules of chemically bound water.
  • the amount of glue used for the assembly of several building blocks of the complex may be less than that implemented in patent 2,701,850, while benefiting from a better stability over time and superior fire-resistant properties.
  • Figure 1 shows two cable trays 2, serving each guiding and supporting a certain number of cables 3. These two superimposed cable trays are surrounded by a fire protection, capable of withstanding for 1 H 30 min a fire, without damage to cables.
  • This device has faces interior and exterior covered with a fabric 4.
  • This fabric is, for example, a glass cloth, the outer faces of which have been coated with silicone.
  • Each layer of fibrous elements consists, for example, of soluble and amorphous artificial fibers of alkaline earth silicate.
  • the thickness of each layer 5 is of the order of 35 to 40 mm, and its density is close to 130 kg per m 3 .
  • the different layers of fibrous elements 5 and of fabric 4 are assembled to each other by a refractory adhesive 6 comprising elements containing chemically bound water, stable at temperatures below 80 ° C. This glue holds up to approximately 1300 ° C.
  • each layer 5 of fibrous elements contains molecules in its thickness 7 stable at temperatures below about 80 ° C., comprising chemically bound water, chosen from metal oxide hydrates.
  • FIG. 3 represents a layer 5 of fibrous elements during carrying out the insertion of the particles 7, by a needling technique, using a frame 8 driven by an alternating movement and equipped with a set of needles 9.
  • Figure 4 represents the evolution of the temperature on the side of the cold side of three fire protection devices subjected to the same warming up.
  • the three curves were established taking into account the ISO834 standard.
  • Curve A represents the evolution of the temperature in function of time, in the case of two fibrous layers, such as layers 5 defined above, simply placed one on top of the other, without bonding.
  • Curve B represents the evolution of the temperature in function of time, in the case where the same two layers are glued by an adhesive containing elements containing chemically bound water.
  • Curve C represents the evolution of the temperature in function of time, in the case where the two layers contain, distributed in their thickness, molecules 7, comprising bound water chemically, the two layers 5 then having a thickness equal to three quarters of the thickness of the layers of those used for the establishment of curve B, and being glued to each other using of an adhesive identical to that used previously but whose quantity is halved. Despite the decrease in the amount of glue and the reduction in thickness of the layers of fibrous materials, the performance is significantly improved since the fire resistance is much longer.
  • the invention provides a great improvement to the existing technique by providing a device flexible with fire-resistant properties, of simple structure, the performances are high, and whose stability over time is excellent.
  • the invention is not limited to the single form of this device, described above by way of example, it on the contrary embraces all variants. This is how the number of layers of fibrous elements could be different, than the complex could contain other molecules generating a reaction endothermic, such as mercury or lead, that the device may not include protective fabric, or may contain other elements intermediaries, such as a grid structure element, without this goes beyond the scope of the invention, as defined in the claims.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Electric Cable Installation (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
  • Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)

Abstract

A flexible device with fire-barrier properties has a plurality of fibrous sheets and dry particles comprising molecules that are chemically and physically stable at room temperature and that generate an endothermic reaction upon raising the temperature. The sheets are joined together and the dry particles are inserted between the fibers of each sheet by needle-punching.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un dispositif souple ayant des propriétés coupe-feu.The present invention relates to a flexible device having fire-resistant properties.

Ce dispositif vise à assurer la protection d'éléments, de dispositifs ou d'appareils contre la propagation de la chaleur en cas d'incendies.This device aims to ensure the protection of elements, devices or apparatus against propagation of heat in case of fires.

Ce dispositif est destiné par exemple à assurer une protection de câbles électriques dans un chemin de câbles, en cas d'élévation de chaleur due par exemple à un incendie. Il est en effet essentiel, dans de nombreuses installations, de pouvoir protéger les câbles électriques et autres câbles de commande au cours d'un incendie, dans la mesure où ceux-ci sont reliés à des systèmes fondamentaux de sécurité.This device is intended for example to provide protection of electric cables in a cable tray, in case of elevation of heat due for example to a fire. It is indeed essential, in numerous installations, to be able to protect electrical cables and other control cables during a fire, as long as these are linked to fundamental security systems.

Le dispositif selon l'invention est un dispositif souple, afin de pouvoir épouser le mieux possible les zones à protéger. Ce dispositif comporte plusieurs composants, notamment au moins une couche d'éléments fibreux constituée par exemple par de la laine de céramique, éventuellement au moins un tissu de protection, avec assemblage des différents composants par de la colle ou un mastic intermédiaire.The device according to the invention is a flexible device, in order to be able to marry as best as possible the areas to be protected. These measures contains several components, in particular at least one layer fibrous elements consisting for example of ceramic wool, optionally at least one protective fabric, with assembly of different components with glue or intermediate sealant.

Les dispositifs connus peuvent incorporer des molécules d'eau qui, en se vaporisant sous l'action de la chaleur, absorbent de l'énergie et retardent la propagation de l'élévation de température depuis la face du dispositif tourné du côté du feu vers la face froide de celui-ci.Known devices can incorporate water molecules which, by vaporizing under the action of heat, absorb energy and delay the propagation of the temperature rise from the face of the device turned from the side of the fire towards the cold side of the latter.

Toutefois, dans les dispositifs traditionnels, les propriétés coupe-feu ne sont pas stables dans le temps, en raison notamment de la déshydratation naturelle du dispositif, liée à l'environnement, notamment l'ambiance chaude de certains locaux ou installations, tels que les réacteurs nucléaires, les chaudières ou les raffineries. Dans ces conditions, il se produit une perte progressive en eau du dispositif de protection, limitant l'efficacité de celui-ci.However, in traditional devices, the properties firewalls are not stable over time, due in particular to the natural dehydration of the device, linked to the environment, in particular the warm atmosphere of certain premises or facilities, such as nuclear reactors, boilers or refineries. In these conditions, there is a gradual loss of water from the protection device, limiting the effectiveness of it.

Actuellement, les substrats, tels que les fibres de céramique, sont obtenus par fusion à très haute température, de l'ordre de 2000 à 2300°C, ce qui interdit la présence naturelle d'eau sous quelque forme que ce soit.Currently, substrates, such as ceramic fibers, are obtained by fusion at very high temperature, of the order of 2000 to 2300 ° C, which prohibits the natural presence of water in any form whether it be.

Le brevet français 2 701 850, au nom de la Demanderesse, concerne un dispositif de ce type, dans lequel l'assemblage des différents éléments, tels qu'éléments fibreux et/ou textiles, est réalisé à l'aide d'une colle réfractaire comportant des composants et/ou additifs actifs contenant de l'eau liée chimiquement, et stables aux températures inférieures à 80 °C. L'avantage de la mise en oeuvre d'eau liée chimiquement est que les molécules d'eau ne sont pas libres, et ne peuvent de ce fait s'évaporer sous l'action d'une élévation normale de température, la seule possibilité d'évaporation se produisant lors d'une élévation importante de température s'accompagnant d'une décomposition des molécules contenant l'eau liée chimiquement.French patent 2,701,850, in the name of the Applicant, relates to a device of this type, in which the assembly of the different elements, such as fibrous and / or textile elements, is produced using a refractory adhesive containing active components and / or additives containing chemically bound water, and stable at temperatures below 80 ° C. The advantage of using chemically bound water is that the water molecules are not free, and cannot therefore evaporate under the action of a normal rise in temperature, the only possibility evaporation occurring during a significant rise in temperature accompanied by decomposition of molecules containing chemically bound water.

Cette solution est tout à fait intéressante, car elle assure une bonne stabilité du dispositif coupe-feu lors du vieillissement de celui-ci.This solution is very interesting, because it ensures a good stability of the fire protection device during aging thereof.

Toutefois, la colle contient également de l'eau qui n'est pas liée chimiquement et qui, pour sa part, va s'évaporer au fur et à mesure du vieillissement du produit.However, the glue also contains unbound water chemically and which, for its part, will evaporate as the product aging.

Le but de l'invention est de fournir un dispositif souple ayant des propriétés coupe-feu, qui possède une épaisseur réduite, et dont la stabilité dans le temps est encore meilleure.The object of the invention is to provide a flexible device having fire-resistant properties, which has a reduced thickness, and the stability over time is even better.

A cet effet, le dispositif qu'elle concerne, du type comprenant un complexe d'éléments fibreux et/ou textiles et/ou en forme de grille, est caractérisé en ce qu'à l'intérieur de l'un au moins des éléments constitutifs du complexe sont insérées des particules sèches de produits contenant des molécules qui sont stables chimiquement et physiquement aux températures ambiantes, et qui génèrent une réaction endothermique lors d'une élévation de température.To this end, the device which it relates to, of the type comprising a complex of fibrous and / or textile and / or grid-like elements is characterized in that inside at least one of the constituent elements of the complex are inserted dry particles of products containing molecules that are chemically and physically stable to ambient temperatures, and which generate an endothermic reaction during a rise in temperature.

Les molécules générant une réaction endothermique sont dispersées dans la masse de l'un au moins des éléments constitutifs du complexe, sans avoir été au préalable placées dans une solution aqueuse. Ces molécules se présentent sous la forme d'une poudre, dont les particules sont placées directement dans l'un au moins des éléments constitutifs du complexe, sans être associées à un support aqueux, qui se déshydrate en vieillissant. La stabilité du dispositif est donc garantie, sans aucune perte d'efficacité dans le temps.The molecules generating an endothermic reaction are dispersed in the mass of at least one of the constituent elements of the complex, without having been previously placed in an aqueous solution. These molecules are in the form of a powder, the particles are placed directly in at least one of the elements constitutive of the complex, without being associated with an aqueous support, which dehydrates as you age. The stability of the device is therefore guaranteed, without no loss of efficiency over time.

Avantageusement, ce dispositif comprend plusieurs types de molécules générant une réaction endothermique, assurant la rétention d'eau à différents niveaux de températures, jusqu'à des températures supérieures à 200°C. Advantageously, this device comprises several types of molecules generating an endothermic reaction, ensuring retention of water at different temperature levels, up to temperatures higher than 200 ° C.

Cette caractéristique permet de bénéficier de réactions endothermiques à différentes températures, ce qui favorise un retardement de la transmission de chaleur de la face chaude vers la face froide du dispositif.This characteristic makes it possible to benefit from reactions endothermic at different temperatures, which promotes delay of the heat transmission from the hot side to the cold side of the device.

Différentes insertions des molécules générant une réaction endothermique à l'intérieur du complexe sont possibles.Different insertions of the molecules generating a reaction endothermic inside the complex are possible.

Suivant une première possibilité, les molécules générant une réaction endothermique sont disposées entre les différentes couches d'éléments constitutifs du complexe.According to a first possibility, the molecules generating a endothermic reaction are arranged between the different layers of the building blocks of the complex.

Suivant une autre possibilité, dans le cas d'un élément textile ou en forme de grille, les molécules générant une réaction endothermique sont insérées dans les ouvertures correspondant aux mailles de l'élément.According to another possibility, in the case of a textile element or in the form of a grid, the molecules generating an endothermic reaction are inserted into the openings corresponding to the mesh of the element.

Suivant une possibilité avantageuse, dans le cas d'un élément constitué par une nappe de fibres, les molécules générant une réaction endothermique sont insérées dans l'épaisseur de la nappe, entre les fibres.According to an advantageous possibility, in the case of an element consisting of a layer of fibers, the molecules generating a reaction endothermic are inserted in the thickness of the sheet, between the fibers.

Afin d'obtenir une bonne répartition des molécules générant une réaction endothermique, celles-ci sont insérées dans l'épaisseur de la nappe par une technique d'aiguilletage.In order to obtain a good distribution of the molecules generating an endothermic reaction, these are inserted into the thickness of the tablecloth by a needling technique.

L'aiguilletage d'une nappe de fibres, par exemple de fibres de céramique, permet également de réduire l'épaisseur de cette nappe, ce qui constitue un avantage, dans la mesure où le dispositif est destiné à envelopper des éléments de forme complexe, n'autorisant pas une épaisseur de matière trop importante. Suivant une possibilité, dans le cas où il comporte plusieurs nappes de fibres superposées, l'opération d'aiguilletage est réalisée en même temps à travers les différentes nappes de fibres.Needling a sheet of fibers, for example fibers of ceramic, also reduces the thickness of this layer, which constitutes an advantage, insofar as the device is intended for wrap elements of complex shape, not allowing a material thickness too great. According to one possibility, in the case where it has several layers of superimposed fibers, the operation needling is carried out at the same time through the different layers fiber.

Suivant une première forme d'exécution, les molécules générant une réaction endothermique contiennent de l'eau liée chimiquement.According to a first embodiment, the molecules generating an endothermic reaction contain bound water chemically.

Avantageusement, les molécules contenant de l'eau liée chimiquement sont choisies parmi les hydrates d'oxydes métalliques ou métalloïdes, tels que l'alumine hydratée Al2O3, 3H2O.Advantageously, the molecules containing chemically bound water are chosen from hydrates of metal or metalloid oxides, such as hydrated alumina Al 2 O 3 , 3 H 2 O.

Suivant une autre forme d'exécution, les molécules générant une réaction endothermique sont constituées par des métaux lourds, tels que plomb ou mercure. According to another embodiment, the molecules generating an endothermic reaction consist of heavy metals, such than lead or mercury.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, certains au moins des éléments constitutifs du complexe sont assemblés par une colle réfractaire contenant elle-même des molécules d'eau liée chimiquement.According to another characteristic of the invention, some at less of the components of the complex are assembled with an adhesive refractory itself containing molecules of chemically bound water.

Il est à noter que la quantité de colle utilisée pour l'assemblage de plusieurs éléments constitutifs du complexe peut être inférieure à celle mise en oeuvre dans le brevet 2 701 850, tout en bénéficiant d'une meilleure stabilité dans le temps et de propriétés coupe-feu supérieures.Note that the amount of glue used for the assembly of several building blocks of the complex may be less than that implemented in patent 2,701,850, while benefiting from a better stability over time and superior fire-resistant properties.

De toute façon, l'invention sera bien comprise à l'aide de la description qui suit, en référence au dessin schématique annexé représentant, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, une forme d'exécution de ce dispositif :

  • Figure 1 est une vue en perspective, partiellement arrachée, d'un dispositif selon l'invention appliqué à la protection d'un chemin de câbles ;
  • Figure 2 est une vue schématique en coupe d'une nappe d'éléments fibreux ;
  • Figure 3 est une vue en perspective représentant le traitement d'une nappe d'éléments fibreux en vue de l'insertion dans celle-ci de molécules générant une réaction endothermique ;
  • Figure 4 est une vue d'un diagramme représentant l'évolution de la température du côté de la face froide, de trois dispositifs coupe-feu, dont l'autre face est soumise à une même élévation de température.
    • In any case, the invention will be clearly understood with the aid of the description which follows, with reference to the appended schematic drawing representing, by way of nonlimiting example, an embodiment of this device:
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view, partially broken away, of a device according to the invention applied to the protection of a cable tray;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view of a sheet of fibrous elements;
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view showing the treatment of a sheet of fibrous elements for the insertion therein of molecules generating an endothermic reaction;
  • Figure 4 is a view of a diagram showing the evolution of the temperature on the side of the cold side, of three firebreak devices, the other side of which is subjected to the same rise in temperature.

    • La figure 1 représente deux chemins de câbles 2, servant chacun au guidage et au support d'un certain nombre de câbles 3. Ces deux chemins de câbles, superposés, sont entourés par un dispositif de protection coupe-feu, susceptibles de résister pendant 1 H 30 mn à un incendie, sans atteinte des câbles. Ce dispositif comporte des faces intérieure et extérieure revêtues par un tissu 4. Ce tissu est, par exemple, un tissu de verre dont les faces extérieures ont reçu une enduction de silicone.Figure 1 shows two cable trays 2, serving each guiding and supporting a certain number of cables 3. These two superimposed cable trays are surrounded by a fire protection, capable of withstanding for 1 H 30 min a fire, without damage to cables. This device has faces interior and exterior covered with a fabric 4. This fabric is, for example, a glass cloth, the outer faces of which have been coated with silicone.

    Entre les deux faces intérieure et extérieure de revêtement sont disposées deux couches 5 d'éléments fibreux. Chaque couche d'éléments fibreux est constituée, par exemple, par des fibres artificielles solubles et amorphes de silicate alcalino-terreux. L'épaisseur de chaque couche 5 est de l'ordre de 35 à 40 mm, et sa densité est voisine de 130 kg par m3. Between the two inner and outer covering faces are arranged two layers 5 of fibrous elements. Each layer of fibrous elements consists, for example, of soluble and amorphous artificial fibers of alkaline earth silicate. The thickness of each layer 5 is of the order of 35 to 40 mm, and its density is close to 130 kg per m 3 .

    Les différentes couches d'éléments fibreux 5 et de tissu 4 sont assemblées les unes aux autres par une colle réfractaire 6 comportant des éléments contenant de l'eau liée chimiquement, stables aux températures inférieures à 80°C. Cette colle possède une tenue jusqu'à environ 1300°C.The different layers of fibrous elements 5 and of fabric 4 are assembled to each other by a refractory adhesive 6 comprising elements containing chemically bound water, stable at temperatures below 80 ° C. This glue holds up to approximately 1300 ° C.

    Suivant la caractéristique essentielle de l'invention, chaque couche 5 d'éléments fibreux contient, dans son épaisseur, des molécules 7 stables aux températures inférieures à environ 80°C, comportant de l'eau liée chimiquement, choisies parmi les hydrates d'oxyde métallique.According to the essential characteristic of the invention, each layer 5 of fibrous elements contains molecules in its thickness 7 stable at temperatures below about 80 ° C., comprising chemically bound water, chosen from metal oxide hydrates.

    La figure 3 représente une couche 5 d'éléments fibreux lors de l'exécution de l'insertion des particules 7, par une technique d'aiguilletage, à l'aide d'un cadre 8 animé d'un mouvement alternatif et équipé d'une série d'aiguilles 9.FIG. 3 represents a layer 5 of fibrous elements during carrying out the insertion of the particles 7, by a needling technique, using a frame 8 driven by an alternating movement and equipped with a set of needles 9.

    La figure 4 représente l'évolution de la température du côté de la face froide de trois dispositifs coupe-feu soumis à un même échauffement. Les trois courbes ont été établies en tenant compte de la norme ISO834.Figure 4 represents the evolution of the temperature on the side of the cold side of three fire protection devices subjected to the same warming up. The three curves were established taking into account the ISO834 standard.

    La courbe A représente l'évolution de la température en fonction du temps, dans le cas de deux nappes fibreuses, telles que les nappes 5 définies précédemment, simplement posées l'une sur l'autre, sans collage.Curve A represents the evolution of the temperature in function of time, in the case of two fibrous layers, such as layers 5 defined above, simply placed one on top of the other, without bonding.

    La courbe B représente l'évolution de la température en fonction du temps, dans le cas où les deux mêmes nappes sont collées par une colle comportant des éléments contenant de l'eau liée chimiquement.Curve B represents the evolution of the temperature in function of time, in the case where the same two layers are glued by an adhesive containing elements containing chemically bound water.

    La courbe C représente l'évolution de la température en fonction du temps, dans le cas où les deux nappes contiennent, réparties dans leur épaisseur, des molécules 7, comportant de l'eau liée chimiquement, les deux couches 5 ayant alors une épaisseur égale aux trois quarts de l'épaisseur des couches de celles mises en oeuvre pour l'établissement de la courbe B, et étant collées l'une à l'autre à l'aide d'une colle identique à celle utilisée précédemment mais dont la quantité est diminuée par moitié. Malgré la diminution de cette quantité de colle et la diminution d'épaisseur des couches de matières fibreuses, les performances sont sensiblement améliorées puisque la tenue au feu est beaucoup plus longue. Curve C represents the evolution of the temperature in function of time, in the case where the two layers contain, distributed in their thickness, molecules 7, comprising bound water chemically, the two layers 5 then having a thickness equal to three quarters of the thickness of the layers of those used for the establishment of curve B, and being glued to each other using of an adhesive identical to that used previously but whose quantity is halved. Despite the decrease in the amount of glue and the reduction in thickness of the layers of fibrous materials, the performance is significantly improved since the fire resistance is much longer.

    Comme il ressort de ce qui précède, l'invention apporte une grande amélioration à la technique existante en fournissant un dispositif souple ayant des propriétés coupe-feu, de structure simple, dont les performances sont élevées, et dont la stabilité dans le temps est excellente.As is apparent from the above, the invention provides a great improvement to the existing technique by providing a device flexible with fire-resistant properties, of simple structure, the performances are high, and whose stability over time is excellent.

    Comme il va de soi, l'invention ne se limite pas à la seule forme d'exécution de ce dispositif, décrite ci-dessus à titre d'exemple, elle en embrasse au contraire toutes les variantes. C'est ainsi notamment que le nombre de couches d'éléments fibreux pourrait être différent, que le complexe pourrait contenir d'autres molécules générant une réaction endothermique, telles que du mercure ou du plomb, que le dispositif pourrait ne pas comporter de tissu de protection, ou bien pourrait comporter d'autres éléments intermédiaires, tels qu'un élément à structure en forme de grille, sans que l'on sorte pour autant du cadre de l'invention, tel que défini dans les revendications.It goes without saying that the invention is not limited to the single form of this device, described above by way of example, it on the contrary embraces all variants. This is how the number of layers of fibrous elements could be different, than the complex could contain other molecules generating a reaction endothermic, such as mercury or lead, that the device may not include protective fabric, or may contain other elements intermediaries, such as a grid structure element, without this goes beyond the scope of the invention, as defined in the claims.

    Claims (10)

    1. Flexible device having fire-resistant properties of the type comprising a complex of fibrous and/or textile elements and/or elements in the form of a mesh, characterized in that inside at least one of the constituent elements (5) of the complex there are inserted dry particles of products containing molecules which are chemically and physically stable at ambient temperatures, and which generate an endothermic reaction during a temperature rise.
    2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes several types of molecules generating an endothermic reaction at different temperature levels, up to temperatures above 200°C.
    3. Device according to either of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the molecules generating an endothermic reaction are disposed between the different layers of elements constituting the complex.
    4. Device according to either of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that in the case of a textile element or an element in the form of a mesh, the molecules generating an endothermic reaction are inserted in the openings corresponding to the links of the element.
    5. Device according to either of claims 1 or 2, characterized in the case of an element consisting of a lap of fibres (5), the molecules (7) generating an endothermic reaction are inserted into the thickness of the lap, between the fibres.
    6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the molecules (7) generating an endothermic reaction are inserted into the thickness of the lap by a needling technique (8, 9).
    7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that, in the case where it includes several superimposed fibre laps, the needling operation is carried out simultaneously through the different fibre laps.
    8. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the molecules generating an endothermic reaction contain chemically bound water.
    9. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the molecules containing chemically bound water are chosen from the hydrates of metallic or metalloid oxides, such as hydrated alumina Al2O3, 3H2O.
    10. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the molecules generating an endothermic reaction are made up of heavy metals, such as lead or mercury.
    EP96913574A 1995-04-11 1996-04-11 Flexible device having fire-resistant properties Expired - Lifetime EP0820326B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (3)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    FR9504611A FR2732897B1 (en) 1995-04-11 1995-04-11 FLEXIBLE DEVICE HAVING FIRE-RESISTANT PROPERTIES
    FR9504611 1995-04-11
    PCT/FR1996/000552 WO1996032161A1 (en) 1995-04-11 1996-04-11 Flexible device having fire-resistant properties

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0820326A1 EP0820326A1 (en) 1998-01-28
    EP0820326B1 true EP0820326B1 (en) 2000-03-22

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    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP96913574A Expired - Lifetime EP0820326B1 (en) 1995-04-11 1996-04-11 Flexible device having fire-resistant properties

    Country Status (12)

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    US (1) US6147015A (en)
    EP (1) EP0820326B1 (en)
    JP (1) JP3949718B2 (en)
    KR (1) KR100414586B1 (en)
    CN (1) CN1105587C (en)
    AT (1) ATE190854T1 (en)
    DE (1) DE69607335T2 (en)
    ES (1) ES2145443T3 (en)
    FR (1) FR2732897B1 (en)
    TW (1) TW422875B (en)
    WO (1) WO1996032161A1 (en)
    ZA (1) ZA962855B (en)

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    EP4006402A1 (en) 2020-11-26 2022-06-01 Soletanche Freyssinet Fire protection layer

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    US6718100B2 (en) * 2002-03-28 2004-04-06 Milliken & Company Fire resistant conduit insert for optical fiber cable
    FR2925343B1 (en) * 2007-12-19 2010-01-15 Freyssinet MATTRESS FOR FIRE PROTECTION, ASSOCIATED METHOD.
    US8062464B2 (en) * 2008-09-09 2011-11-22 Graig Cropper Use of ceramic fiber fire barriers in vehicular compartments
    FR2973252B1 (en) * 2011-04-01 2013-11-01 Soletanche Freyssinet FIRE PROTECTON COATING AND METHOD OF APPLICATION
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    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    CN1105587C (en) 2003-04-16
    KR100414586B1 (en) 2004-05-20
    EP0820326A1 (en) 1998-01-28
    DE69607335T2 (en) 2000-12-14
    FR2732897B1 (en) 1997-07-04
    ATE190854T1 (en) 2000-04-15
    JPH11508778A (en) 1999-08-03
    ES2145443T3 (en) 2000-07-01
    US6147015A (en) 2000-11-14
    WO1996032161A1 (en) 1996-10-17
    FR2732897A1 (en) 1996-10-18
    DE69607335D1 (en) 2000-04-27
    TW422875B (en) 2001-02-21
    ZA962855B (en) 1996-07-30
    JP3949718B2 (en) 2007-07-25
    KR19980703808A (en) 1998-12-05
    CN1183732A (en) 1998-06-03

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