EP0818615B1 - Boîtier de catalyseur - Google Patents

Boîtier de catalyseur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0818615B1
EP0818615B1 EP97111254A EP97111254A EP0818615B1 EP 0818615 B1 EP0818615 B1 EP 0818615B1 EP 97111254 A EP97111254 A EP 97111254A EP 97111254 A EP97111254 A EP 97111254A EP 0818615 B1 EP0818615 B1 EP 0818615B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
funnel
catalytic converter
housing according
converter housing
large diameter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97111254A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0818615A2 (fr
EP0818615A3 (fr
Inventor
Helmut Bauer
Werner Harsch
Olaf Herden
Robert Siebert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Volkswagen AG
Original Assignee
Volkswagen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Volkswagen AG filed Critical Volkswagen AG
Publication of EP0818615A2 publication Critical patent/EP0818615A2/fr
Publication of EP0818615A3 publication Critical patent/EP0818615A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0818615B1 publication Critical patent/EP0818615B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1888—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly the housing of the assembly consisting of two or more parts, e.g. two half-shells
    • F01N13/1894—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly the housing of the assembly consisting of two or more parts, e.g. two half-shells the parts being assembled in longitudinal direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
    • F01N3/2853—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing
    • F01N3/2857—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing the mats or gaskets being at least partially made of intumescent material, e.g. unexpanded vermiculite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2450/00—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements
    • F01N2450/02—Fitting monolithic blocks into the housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2450/00—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements
    • F01N2450/22—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements by welding or brazing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49345—Catalytic device making

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a catalyst housing according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Catalyst housings such as are used to connect a catalytic converter in exhaust systems of internal combustion engines, in particular of motor vehicles, are available in various embodiments, with two systems having become established in the market.
  • a monolith coated with a catalytically active material (ceramic or metallic construction) is wrapped with a buffing mat, which has the task of storing the monolith.
  • a metal jacket is placed, which is wound with a specified force and thereby holds the monolith in position.
  • This tensioned metal jacket is stapled to the front sides, whereby a tight fit of the monolith is guaranteed.
  • On the front side inlet and outlet funnels are attached, which are aligned according to the requirements (connection of the exhaust pipe).
  • the attachment takes place by means of a welded circular seam to the wound converter. After closing the sheet metal jacket by means of a weld, the finished winding converter is obtained.
  • weak points have been identified in series production.
  • the high weight turns out to be disadvantageous and, on the other hand, there is often a connection of the funnels to the monolith surfaces which is often unfavorable to the current.
  • the shell converter overcomes these disadvantages.
  • the shell converter consists of the monolith, a soaked inflatable mat and two half-shells (one upper and one lower shell).
  • the tray converter has a lack of process safety and also the geometry defined by the shell shape presents difficulties in adapting to the underbody of motor vehicles.
  • variable Subfloors of motor vehicles is also a difference in the connection pipe converter to compensate for a complicated and therefore costly pipe adaptation.
  • the Blähmatte When assembling the shell-type converter, the Blähmatte is immersed in an organic liquid in order to facilitate their installation. This organic liquid then evaporates, so that the Blähmatte is very porous.
  • the converter shells in contrast to the monolith very different, so that for a reliable operation of the shell converter production with very tight tolerances is necessary. If the tolerances are not adhered to, the monolith, after the motor vehicle has been put into operation, gets freedom of movement, which can lead to failure of the catalytic converter.
  • Such catalyst housing arrangements are known, for example from DE 42 23 648 C . DE 38 21 397 C . DE 38 11 224 C and DE 37 29 994 A ,
  • the funnel which has the task of compensating the differences in diameter between the inlet and outlet pipe and the catalyst body, should on the one hand ensure a controlled exhaust gas flow and, on the other hand, protect the bubble mat from being washed out by the pulsating exhaust gas flow.
  • the hopper collar is employed at a 90 ° angle to the funnel axis, as for example from the DE 34 30 398 A , Figure 5 is known.
  • Such hoppers are usually made from a sheet metal blank by deep drawing, but with two disadvantages. On the one hand you need sheet metal blanks with a high thickness to get a still small diameter weldable for the connection of the exhaust pipe after deep drawing.
  • the second drawback is the 90 ° funnel setting to the funnel collar, which is welded to the catalyst housing. It may happen that, depending on the location of the monolith diameter in its tolerance field and possible decentralized attachment of the funnel collar to the catalyst housing, an effective monolith area of up to 15% is obscured.
  • An improvement shows the funnel connection according to FIG. 1 of the DE 34 30 398 A in which there is only a slight overlap of the effective monolith face.
  • this connection requires a high degree of precision in the manufacture of the housing parts and the funnel, since otherwise no accurate insertion of the funnel into the housing is possible.
  • FIG. 1 This becomes even more problematic in the FIG. 1 present welding of three sheet metal layers at the entrance hopper.
  • Another funnel connection is from the DE 34 30 399 A in which the large diameter of the funnel is folded over the catalyst housing.
  • this is a very expensive process and does not eliminate the disadvantage of eventual overlap of the effective catalyst endface.
  • US 5,118,476 is a catalyst housing for exhaust systems of internal combustion engines known with a tubular central part and two funnels for connecting the housing.
  • the funnels are connected with their large diameter with the middle part.
  • the middle part picks up a catalyst core.
  • the small diameter of the funnel can be connected to a fluid inlet or outlet part.
  • a two-part catalyst housing with integrated funnels known in which the catalyst core is fixed in the overlap region of the two parts.
  • a catalytic converter with a three-part housing and an inlet and an outlet cone and a middle Tubusring known.
  • a housing for a catalytic converter with a tube shell and funnel-like end caps is in the EP 263,893 described.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst housing, which on the one hand has a low weight and on the other hand, a favorable exhaust gas flow.
  • a so-called tube funnel is used as the inlet and / or outlet funnel of the catalyst housing instead of a deep-drawn funnel. That is, the blank geometry of the hopper is a pipe.
  • the tube is expanded in a follower tool to the required large diameter and the required Small diameter retracted.
  • the retraction of the tube is done by pressing (pulling) of the tube funnel in a die.
  • the tube funnel is manufactured in two stages, with the expansion of one end to the retraction or vice versa.
  • the hopper has at its large diameter a material thickness which is at most 90% of the material thickness at its small diameter.
  • the material thickness at the large diameter is at most 80%.
  • the material thickness at the large diameter is advantageously at least 40% and in particular at least 60% of the material thickness at the small diameter, since otherwise the funnel becomes too heavy again and, secondly, the weldability becomes problematical either at the large diameter or at the small diameter.
  • the prior art hoppers have a reverse weight distribution, i. H.
  • the large diameter has a thicker wall thickness than the small diameter, making these funnels much heavier.
  • the funnel material at its large diameter is not too thin and on the other hand, the small diameter of the funnel receives a not excessively high material thickness.
  • a possible material overstretching on the large diameter is avoided in this manufacturing method. With the manufacturing method of drawing and widening a particularly favorable wall thickness distribution as well as mass distribution is achieved at the two diameters of the funnel.
  • the wide end of the funnel is attached with its front side to a connection slope of the central part and connected there in particular by soldering or welding.
  • the middle part can also be connected to one of its end faces at a connecting slope of the large diameter of the funnel, although the first embodiment is preferred.
  • the connection slope is preferably directed inward for manufacturing reasons.
  • the connection slope is advantageously produced by rolling.
  • connection slope is advantageously kept as short as possible, i. so that a gapless connection of the two parts is possible within the allowable manufacturing tolerances for the middle part and the funnel.
  • Anitatisschräge is at an angle of 10 ° to 70 ° and in particular from 20 ° to 50 ° to the longitudinal axis, since under this geometry larger manufacturing tolerances are still possible with short connection slopes.
  • connection bevel cross-part may also be formed with a connection bevel, which is then directed opposite (to the outside).
  • This connection slope advantageously has an angle to the longitudinal axis ⁇ the angle of the inwardly directed connection bevel.
  • connection bevel advantageously not only compensates for a diameter tolerance on the funnel or the middle part, but also conceals virtually no effective monolith surface at the same time, wherein in addition the funnel geometry (cf. DE 34 30 398 and 34 30 399 ) is simplified.
  • catalyst core preferably ceramic or metallic monoliths are used, wherein one or more monoliths can be accommodated in the central part of the catalyst housing.
  • the tubular central part in which the catalyst core is wound, d. H. is - as described above - made of a metal strip, which surrounds the Katalysatorkem (with the catalyst core against the middle part supporting intermediate layer, in particular mat).
  • the funnel described above is preferably arranged on the inlet and outlet side of the middle part.
  • FIG. 1 the usual today winding converter 20 is shown in section, which is composed of a middle part 21 and an inlet funnel 22 and an outlet funnel 23.
  • the metal jacket 21 encloses a catalytically coated monolith 24 with the interposition of a Blähmatte 25th
  • the catalytically coated monolith 24 is wrapped with the Blähmatte 25, which has the task to store the monolith 24.
  • the metal jacket 21 is placed and wound with a specified force on the Blähmatte (pulled). This will stretch the unit.
  • the tensioned metal jacket 21 is then stapled at its ends, whereby a tight fit of the monolith 24 is ensured.
  • the funnels 22, 23 funnel collars 27, 28, which are placed at an angle of approximately 90 ° to the longitudinal axis. The funnel collars arise during deep drawing of the funnels 20 to 23 from the corresponding sheet metal blanks by clamping the edge of the board.
  • the funnel edge 27 and 28 respectively has the largest material thickness of the funnels 22 and 23, respectively, since there is almost no pulling of the material. This thickness exceeds the thickness of the small diameter 29 or 30, since the output thickness of the sheet metal plate must be selected such that the small diameter after deep drawing have a still weldable thickness for joining and welding with the input and output tube (not shown). From manufacturing side therefore there is the problem that during deep drawing the wall thickness at the large diameter equal to the blank wall thickness (the sheet metal plate). At the small diameter 29 or 30, however, the wall thickness by the deformation is far below the RohteilwandJ. However, since you do not have to realize a welded joint at any diameter, a minimum wall thickness is required here. This certain minimum wall thickness can only be affected by changes in the blank dimensions, so that the blank wall thickness and thus the part weight for the production must be increased, although it is not required for the connection to the middle part.
  • funnel tubes are used whose blank geometry is a tube. This tube is expanded or contracted in two manufacturing operations, whereby large diameter 7 or 8 arise with relatively low wall thicknesses, which, however, are still weldable. Since the low wall thickness lies at the large diameter 7 or 8, the tube funnels 2 and 3 are significantly lighter than the funnels 22 and 23, respectively, in which the low wall thickness lies at the small diameter 29 or 30.
  • the tube funnel 2 or 3 avoid the connection problems to the metal jacket 1 by a new connection geometry.
  • the metal jacket 1 is inclined at its ends 11 and 12 at an angle of about 30 ° to the horizontal (longitudinal axis), so that connecting slopes arise.
  • bevels 11 and 12 diameter tolerances of the wound sheet metal jacket 1 with respect to the Bennett preparem 7 and 8 of the tube funnel 2 and 3 compensated.
  • the large diameter 7 and 8 can be welded parallel to the axis to the connecting bevels 11 and 12 respectively.
  • FIG. 3 It can be seen that in the embodiments according to FIG. 1 respectively.
  • FIG. 2 There is no difference in cross-section. In both cases, a wound metal jacket 1 or 21 is present, which is welded at 14 overlapping a pipe part. Within the metal jacket 1/21 of the catalyst core (monolith) 4/24 is arranged, which is supported via a mat 5/25 against the metal jacket 1/21. For the entire middle part is preferred only the Difference of the Anitatisschrägen 11 and 12, if they are formed in the metal jacket 1.
  • the funnels 2 and 3 can be performed asymmetrically.
  • the tubular blank is preferably first drawn at one end in a die and then, for the production of the large diameter, expanded asymmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the small diameter.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Boîtier de catalyseur, en particulier pour des systèmes de gaz d'échappement de moteurs à combustion interne, notamment dans des véhicules automobiles, qui est ou peut être composé de parties métalliques, dont au moins une partie est une partie centrale tubulaire séparée (1) qui contient un noyau de catalyseur (4) et au moins une partie est un entonnoir (2, 3) pouvant être traversé par les gaz d'échappement, qui est ou peut être raccordé à la partie centrale (1) par son grand diamètre (7, 8) et qui est ou peut être raccordé par son petit diamètre (9, 9') à une partie d'arrivée ou d'évacuation de fluide, en particulier une conduite tubulaire, caractérisé en ce que le grand diamètre (7, 8) est fabriqué par dilatation et le petit diamètre (9, 9') est fabriqué par rétrécissement du matériau de l'entonnoir et l'entonnoir (2, 3) présente à son grand diamètre (7, 8) au maximum 90 % de l'épaisseur de matière de son petit diamètre (9, 9').
  2. Boîtier de catalyseur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le grand diamètre (7, 8) est assemblé, en particulier brasé ou soudé, par son côté frontal directement sur une rampe de jonction (11; 12) de la partie centrale (1) et/ou la partie centrale (1) est assemblée, en particulier brasée ou soudée, par un de ses côtés frontaux directement sur une rampe de jonction du grand diamètre (7, 8).
  3. Boîtier de catalyseur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le grand diamètre présente une épaisseur de matière valant au maximum 80 % de l'épaisseur de matière du petit diamètre et/ou présente au moins 40 % de l'épaisseur de matière de son petit diamètre (9, 9').
  4. Boîtier de catalyseur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le grand diamètre est fabriqué par évasement.
  5. Boîtier de catalyseur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'entonnoir est fabriqué à partir d'une pièce tubulaire.
  6. Boîtier de catalyseur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'entonnoir (2, 3) est formé à partir d'une pièce tubulaire par évasement d'une première extrémité et par rétrécissement de l'autre extrémité.
  7. Boîtier de catalyseur selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le rétrécissement est effectué dans une matrice.
  8. Boîtier de catalyseur selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que l'entonnoir (2, 3) est évasé ou rétréci en deux opérations de fabrication effectuées l'une après l'autre.
  9. Boîtier de catalyseur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la rampe de jonction est inclinée d'un angle compris entre 10° et 70°, en particulier entre 20° et 50°, par rapport à l'axe longitudinal du noyau de catalyseur et est orientée vers l'intérieur ou vers l'extérieur.
  10. Boîtier de catalyseur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un ou plusieurs noyaux de catalyseur céramiques ou métalliques (4) (monolithes) sont disposés dans la partie centrale (1).
  11. Boîtier de catalyseur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la partie centrale (1) est enroulée, en particulier à partir d'une bande de tôle.
  12. Boîtier de catalyseur selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que la partie centrale (1) est enroulée autour du ou des noyaux de catalyseur (4).
  13. Boîtier de catalyseur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que des entonnoirs (2, 3) sont disposés aux deux extrémités de la partie centrale (1).
EP97111254A 1996-07-10 1997-07-04 Boîtier de catalyseur Expired - Lifetime EP0818615B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19627705 1996-07-10
DE19627705 1996-07-10

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0818615A2 EP0818615A2 (fr) 1998-01-14
EP0818615A3 EP0818615A3 (fr) 1998-04-15
EP0818615B1 true EP0818615B1 (fr) 2011-09-28

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Family Applications (1)

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EP97111254A Expired - Lifetime EP0818615B1 (fr) 1996-07-10 1997-07-04 Boîtier de catalyseur

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US (1) US6185819B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0818615B1 (fr)

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DE4223648C2 (de) 1992-07-17 1996-02-01 Zeuna Staerker Kg Katalytische Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung
DE4302039A1 (de) * 1993-01-26 1994-07-28 Emitec Emissionstechnologie Katalytischer Konverter mit elektrischer Beheizung
EP0681095B1 (fr) * 1994-05-02 1997-11-05 LEISTRITZ AG & CO. Abgastechnik Méthode et dispositif pour le montage d'un catalysateur de gaz d'échappement
JP3585064B2 (ja) * 1995-10-12 2004-11-04 トヨタ自動車株式会社 モノリス触媒コンバータ及びその製造方法
EP0818615B1 (fr) 1996-07-10 2011-09-28 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Boîtier de catalyseur

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US6185819B1 (en) 2001-02-13
EP0818615A2 (fr) 1998-01-14
EP0818615A3 (fr) 1998-04-15

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