EP0816793B1 - Personal protection liner for infantry - Google Patents

Personal protection liner for infantry Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0816793B1
EP0816793B1 EP97401469A EP97401469A EP0816793B1 EP 0816793 B1 EP0816793 B1 EP 0816793B1 EP 97401469 A EP97401469 A EP 97401469A EP 97401469 A EP97401469 A EP 97401469A EP 0816793 B1 EP0816793 B1 EP 0816793B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
dielectric
coating
thickness
infantryman
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EP97401469A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0816793A1 (en
Inventor
François Micheron
Gérard Berginc
Frank Normand
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Thales SA
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Thomson CSF SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H1/00—Personal protection gear
    • F41H1/02—Armoured or projectile- or missile-resistant garments; Composite protection fabrics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H3/00—Camouflage, i.e. means or methods for concealment or disguise
    • F41H3/02—Flexible, e.g. fabric covers, e.g. screens, nets characterised by their material or structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S2/00—Apparel
    • Y10S2/90—Camouflaged

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a coating for personal protection of an infantryman, compatible with protection against splinters and allowing a reduction of the radar and infrared signature of the infantryman.
  • the field of application of the present invention relates to coverings for the personal protection of infantrymen in operation on a battlefield.
  • Document DE-A-3 507 889 describes the protection of objects such as devices and vehicles by shielding, a coating absorbing the waves radars and an infrared camouflage paint. This protection can also be effected by means of camouflage against recognition by radars and infrared radiation of objects as described by the document FR-A-2 543 286.
  • the preamble of claim 1 is based on DE-A-3 507 889.
  • the two protected areas of the human body are the head by the helmet, and the trunk by a vest.
  • Regarding the reduction of the signature in the visible frequency domain it is mainly based on a multicolored traditional type. This variegation can have a two-dimensional appearance on a fabric, or three-dimensional on a camouflage net.
  • the type of radar threat considered in the present invention is a double threat: a first threat emanating from a surveillance radar battlefield typically operating around 10 GHz, and a second threat from a working target designation radar typically in the band 36 to 37 GHz.
  • These two types of speed cameras have a range of the order of 10 to 20 km.
  • the range of the first is about 7 km for one person, and about 15 km for one vehicle.
  • the second type of speed camera it is more specifically used for vehicle designation, but nevertheless poses a real threat to the infantrymen.
  • the invention aims to overcome the aforementioned drawback.
  • the coating according to the invention is in particular optimized for radar frequency bands X and Ka, as well as in bands II and III of infrared.
  • the present invention has the advantage of providing a structure for infantryman coating compatible with military use, i.e. waterproof, flexible, resistant, allowing a reduction of the radar signature and infrared, while remaining compatible with splinter protection shells, mines, etc.
  • This structure can also be used to cover a helmet than for a garment, the only difference between the two applications being the overall flexibility of the two structures; flexible structure for clothing and rigid structure for the helmet.
  • the radar threat considered is a surveillance radar type battlefield surveillance coupled to a target designation radar.
  • the infrared threat considered concerns the infrared bands II and III corresponding respectively to wavelengths 3 to 5 ⁇ m and 8 to 12 ⁇ m.
  • Infrared discretion given the passive nature of the coating, is mainly based on a very efficient heat shield minimizing any heat transfer in one direction as in the other, and on an adjustment of the emissivity of the coating relative to that of the environment.
  • the thermal screen thus produced makes it possible to avoid heat transfer on the outside, a key factor for infrared detection, but it allows also to avoid heat transfer to the interior, which in the case of a infantryman, reduces internal heating which is a factor of comfort important for an infantryman.
  • Visible discretion is based on the surface pattern exterior of the covering or on the use of a variegated net giving the whole a three-dimensional effect.
  • Radar discretion is mainly obtained by absorption of the energy of electromagnetic waves received by the coating.
  • the diffusion phenomenon created by the net used for visible discretion can possibly be used to further improve the performance level.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a cross-sectional diagram of a coating according to the invention.
  • the coating according to the invention is formed by a stack of four successive layers 1 to 4.
  • the definition of each of these layers given below by way of nonlimiting example, represents an optimal solution for the reduction of the radar signature in the frequency bands considered.
  • each of these layers 1 to 4 is given below starting from the outermost layer 1 of the coating.
  • the first layer 1 has several functions: it constitutes a screen against the weather and is formed for example of an impermeable film and resistant, thin, about 150 ⁇ m.
  • This layer 1 can be by example a PVC film, English abbreviation for "PolyVinyle Chlorid”.
  • This screen also allows the reduction of the infrared and visible signature, because this first layer 1, which is the outermost layer, is covered a bidimensional or three-dimensional variation in emissivity close to 1 for the infrared frequency bands considered.
  • the non-negligible thickness of the coating according to the invention ensures excellent properties ensuring thermal insulation between the body and the outside of the coating. This condition is mandatory for any reduction structure of passive infrared signature.
  • Layer 2 is a resistive layer. Its role is to create the best compromise between reflections and multiple transmissions created at the interfaces of each of the layers 1 to 4 of the coating to ensure the best possible destructive interaction when the coating receives a wave electromagnetic.
  • this layer 2 are suitable for optimize destructive interactions so that the coating according to the invention generally appears as an absorbent material for the strips of frequencies considered.
  • the thickness of layer 2 is approximately 200 ⁇ m. Its conductivity and its thickness are adapted so that the reverse of their product, which represents a surface resistance, ie close to 330 ⁇ .
  • this resistive layer is made of textile fiber loaded with carbon.
  • Layer 3 is a layer of substantially dielectric material rigid, having a thickness and mechanical properties allowing also to ensure the protection of the infantryman against shrapnel and bullets, like for example an aramid, a polycarbonate, etc ...
  • Layer 4 is a reflective layer of electrical conductivity tending towards infinity, generally greater than or equal to 10 4 ⁇ -1 .m -1 , which corresponds to a surface resistance of between approximately a few ohms and ten ohms as a function of the thickness of layer 4. It defines the reference reflective plane of the coating according to the invention. It consists for example of an aluminum film with a thickness of approximately 50 ⁇ m.
  • the distance between this reference plane and the rest of the coating that is to say the stacking of the different layers 1 to 4 described above, is determined and fixed in order to achieve the desired optimization.
  • the coating according to the invention is compatible with protection against splinters.
  • Either the structure providing protection against splinters fits into the definition of the radar absorbing screen at layer 3 formed by the dielectric material, or it does not fit into the definition of the radar screen and in this case, it is placed behind the reflective plane formed by layer 4 which is the innermost layer of the coating.
  • Layers Layer characteristics 1 2.85 permittivity waterproof dielectric material for the real part, thickness 150 ⁇ m (for example a PVC film) 2 Material with a surface resistance of approximately 330 ⁇ equal to the inverse of the product of electrical conductivity and thickness (for example 200 ⁇ m in thickness and 15 ⁇ -1 .m -1 ) (for example carbon-laden polyamide fabric) 3 Dielectric permittivity of 3.2 and thickness 3.4 mm (e.g. aramid fabric) 4 Electrical conductivity which can be considered as infinite about 10 4 ⁇ -1 .m -1 , and of thickness at least equal to a few microns (for example aluminum film)
  • Figures 2 and 3 illustrate the evolution of the reflection coefficient specular in power in dB, for the coating according to the invention such as defined above, for three angles of incidence, 0 °, 30 ° and 60 °, respectively, for the HH and VV polarizations; HH and VV meaning horizontal-horizontal polarization and polarization respectively vertical-vertical of the electromagnetic wave.
  • the first term corresponds to the polarization of the incident wave, and the second term to that of the wave reflected. The calculation is based on the conditions of passage through a diopter.
  • the values of the specular reflection coefficient in dB for the three angles of incidence 0, 30 and 60 °, for the two polarizations HH and VV, and for the frequencies 10 GHz and 36.5 GHz which corresponds to the average value of the bandwidth of the target designation radar, are shown in the following table 2: HH polarization VV polarization Angle of incidence 10 GHz 36.5 GHz 10 GHz 36.5 GHz 0 ° -13 -20 -13 -20 30 ° -11 -20 -13 -20 60 ° -6 -6 -8 -7
  • the incidence values are only given as an indication because, in such an application where the shape of the target is simple, only the value in normal incidence is actually representative of signature reduction target radar.
  • the following table 3 illustrates the range of values in which the given characteristics can vary while allowing a value of the specular reflection coefficient in normal incidence of -10dB for the two radar bands considered, 10 and 36-37 Ghz, for a surface resistance of around 330 ⁇ for layer 2.
  • a typical average thickness of a coating according to the invention is less than or equal to about 4 mm.
  • the increase in mass of the coating linked to the properties of the reduction of SER, abbreviation for Surface Radar equivalent, is negligible compared to the mass of the base coating because a minimum initial mass is required for protection against splinters.
  • a gain in mass can be obtained, for example replacing the aramid constituting the material of layer 3 with a textile less dense, for example PVC; however, in this case, protection against splinters are no longer insured.
  • a coating according to the invention can be applied to the production of a combat protecting the infantryman against the fragments and other projectiles.
  • Figure 4 illustrates an infantryman 5 wearing combat gear produced from a coating according to the invention.
  • the third dielectric layer 3 of the coating according to the invention covering the helmet 6 and forming the vest 7 of the holding of combat is carried out in a material of the aramid type, polycarbonate, etc ...
  • This dielectric layer can either be attached to the helmet or be part integral with the helmet.
  • the protection zones provided by the vest can extend spilling over the limbs without hampering the movements of the infantryman in operation.
  • the third dielectric layer 3 of the coating covering the lower limbs 8 and upper limbs 9, is made of a material softer dielectric, such as a fabric, whose dielectric properties are close to those of aramid.
  • the combat suit can also be equipped with a ventilation by natural or forced convection.
  • the helmet 6 covered with a coating according to the invention can be further provided with a transparent visor 10 for the frequencies of the domain visible, wearing anti-laser filters, reflective for wavelengths in the infrared and treated to minimize the radar equivalent surface.
  • the helmet 6 is also shaped to present facets prohibiting specular reflections in radar incidence directions.
  • the entire combat suit can be returned impermeable to toxic products used on the battlefield. It's at first external layer 1 which is assigned this role.

Description

L'invention concerne un revêtement pour la protection personnelle d'un fantassin, compatible de la protection contre les éclats et permettant une réduction de la signature radar et infrarouge du fantassin.The invention relates to a coating for personal protection of an infantryman, compatible with protection against splinters and allowing a reduction of the radar and infrared signature of the infantryman.

Le domaine d'application de la présente invention concerne les revêtements pour la protection personnelle des fantassins en opération sur un champ de bataille.The field of application of the present invention relates to coverings for the personal protection of infantrymen in operation on a battlefield.

Le document DE-A-3 507 889 décrit la protection d'objets tels que les appareils et les véhicules par un blindage, un revêtement absorbant les ondes radars et une peinture de camouflage infrarouge. Cette protection peut aussi être effectuée par un moyen de camouflage contre la reconnaissance par les radars et par rayonnement infrarouge d'objets comme décrit par le document FR-A-2 543 286. Le préambule de la revendication 1 se base sur DE-A-3 507 889.Document DE-A-3 507 889 describes the protection of objects such as devices and vehicles by shielding, a coating absorbing the waves radars and an infrared camouflage paint. This protection can also be effected by means of camouflage against recognition by radars and infrared radiation of objects as described by the document FR-A-2 543 286. The preamble of claim 1 is based on DE-A-3 507 889.

Quant à la protection personnelle, elle est uniquement basée aujourd'hui sur soit la protection contre les éclats de projectiles (cf. documents US-A-5 472 769 et US-A-4 442 162), soit la discrétion dans le domaine du visible, soit la protection BNC (Nucléaire Biologique Chimique), soit la discrétion dans le domaine des ondes radar (cf. document US-A-3 349 396).As for personal protection, it is only based today on either protection against projectile shards (cf. documents US-A-5,472,769 and US-A-4,442,162), i.e. discretion in the visible domain, either BNC protection (Nuclear Biological Chemical), or discretion in the radar wave domain (cf. document US-A-3,349,396).

Il est connu, pour assurer la protection contre les éclats, d'utiliser des structures métalliques, solution de plus en plus remplacée par des structures composites à base de fibres aramides, ou de polyamides.It is known, to provide protection against splinters, to use metallic structures, solution increasingly replaced by structures composites based on aramid fibers, or polyamides.

Les deux zones du corps humain protégées sont la tête par le casque, et le tronc par un gilet. Pour ce qui est de la réduction de la signature dans le domaine de fréquences du visible, elle repose principalement sur un bariolage de type traditionnel. Ce bariolage peut avoir un aspect bidimensionnel sur un tissu, ou tridimensionnel sur un filet de camouflage.The two protected areas of the human body are the head by the helmet, and the trunk by a vest. Regarding the reduction of the signature in the visible frequency domain, it is mainly based on a multicolored traditional type. This variegation can have a two-dimensional appearance on a fabric, or three-dimensional on a camouflage net.

Lors d'une mission de pénétration à l'intérieur des lignes ennemies, le fantassin peut être confronté à une menace de détection radar et /ou infrarouge. Le type de menace radar considéré dans la présente invention est une double menace : une première menace émanant d'un radar de surveillance de champ de bataille fonctionnant typiquement autour de 10 GHz, et une deuxième menace émanant d'un radar de désignation de cible fonctionnant typiquement dans la bande 36 à 37 GHz. Ces deux types de radar possèdent une portée de l'ordre de 10 à 20 km. La portée du premier est d'environ 7 km pour une personne, et d'environ 15 km pour un véhicule. Quant au deuxième type de radar, il est plus spécifiquement utilisé pour la désignation de véhicule, mais représente toutefois une menace réelle pour les fantassins. During a penetration mission inside enemy lines, the infantryman may face a threat of radar detection and / or infrared. The type of radar threat considered in the present invention is a double threat: a first threat emanating from a surveillance radar battlefield typically operating around 10 GHz, and a second threat from a working target designation radar typically in the band 36 to 37 GHz. These two types of speed cameras have a range of the order of 10 to 20 km. The range of the first is about 7 km for one person, and about 15 km for one vehicle. As for the second type of speed camera, it is more specifically used for vehicle designation, but nevertheless poses a real threat to the infantrymen.

Les protections personnelles pour fantassins connues à l'heure actuelle ne permettent pas de protéger les fantassins contre de telles menaces.Personal protection for infantrymen known today do not protect infantrymen from such threats.

L'invention a pour but de pallier l'inconvénient précité.The invention aims to overcome the aforementioned drawback.

A cet effet, elle a pour objet un revêtement pour la protection personnelle d'un fantassin tel que défini dans la revendication 1.For this purpose, it relates to a coating for protection personal of an infantryman as defined in claim 1.

Le revêtement selon l'invention est notamment optimisé pour les bandes de fréquences radar X et Ka, ainsi que dans les bandes II et III de l'infrarouge.The coating according to the invention is in particular optimized for radar frequency bands X and Ka, as well as in bands II and III of infrared.

L'invention concerne également une tenue de combat pour fantassin réalisée à partir d'un revêtement comportant :

  • une première partie de revêtement protégeant la tête et le tronc du fantassin ; la couche diélectrique du revêtement étant en matériau diélectrique sensiblement rigide pour assurer une protection contre les éclats ;
  • une deuxième partie du revêtement recouvrant les membres inférieurs et supérieurs du fantassin ; la couche diélectrique du revêtement étant en matériau diélectrique souple, de propriétés diélectriques proches de celles du matériau diélectrique sensiblement rigide, permettant d'assurer la mobilité des membres inférieurs et supérieurs du fantassin.
The invention also relates to an infantryman's combat uniform made from a coating comprising:
  • a first part of covering protecting the head and the trunk of the infantryman; the dielectric layer of the coating being of substantially rigid dielectric material to provide protection against splinters;
  • a second part of the covering covering the lower and upper limbs of the infantryman; the dielectric layer of the coating being of flexible dielectric material, with dielectric properties close to those of the substantially rigid dielectric material, making it possible to ensure the mobility of the lower and upper limbs of the infantryman.

La présente invention a pour avantage de proposer une structure de revêtement pour fantassin compatible avec un usage militaire, c'est-à-dire imperméable, souple, résistant, permettant une réduction de la signature radar et infrarouge, tout en restant compatible avec la protection contre les éclats d'obus, de mines, etc...The present invention has the advantage of providing a structure for infantryman coating compatible with military use, i.e. waterproof, flexible, resistant, allowing a reduction of the radar signature and infrared, while remaining compatible with splinter protection shells, mines, etc.

Cette structure peut convenir aussi bien pour recouvrir un casque que pour un vêtement, la seule différence entre les deux applications étant la souplesse globale des deux structures ; structure souple pour le vêtement et structure rigide pour le casque.This structure can also be used to cover a helmet than for a garment, the only difference between the two applications being the overall flexibility of the two structures; flexible structure for clothing and rigid structure for the helmet.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de la présente invention apparaítront plus clairement à la lecture de la description qui suit et des figures annexées qui représentent :

  • la figure 1, une coupe transversale d'un revêtement selon l'invention,
  • les figures 2 et 3, des courbes illustrant l'évolution du coefficient de réflexion spéculaire en puissance pour trois angles d'incidence 0, 30 et 60°, respectivement pour les polarisations HH et VV des ondes électromagnétiques incidentes, et
  • la figure 4, une tenue de combat pour fantassin réalisée à partir d'un revêtement selon l'invention.
Other advantages and characteristics of the present invention will appear more clearly on reading the description which follows and the appended figures which represent:
  • FIG. 1, a cross section of a coating according to the invention,
  • FIGS. 2 and 3, curves illustrating the evolution of the specular power reflection coefficient for three angles of incidence 0, 30 and 60 °, respectively for the HH and VV polarizations of the incident electromagnetic waves, and
  • Figure 4, an infantryman combat outfit made from a coating according to the invention.

La menace radar considérée est un radar de surveillance de type surveillance de champ de bataille couplé à un radar de désignation d'objectif. La menace infrarouge considérée concerne les bandes II et III de l'infrarouge correspondant respectivement aux longueurs d'ondes 3 à 5 µm et 8 à 12 µm. The radar threat considered is a surveillance radar type battlefield surveillance coupled to a target designation radar. The infrared threat considered concerns the infrared bands II and III corresponding respectively to wavelengths 3 to 5 µm and 8 to 12 µm.

La discrétion infrarouge, compte tenu du caractère passif du revêtement, est basé principalement sur un écran thermique très efficace réduisant au minimum tout transfert de chaleur dans un sens comme dans l'autre, et sur un ajustement de l'émissivité du revêtement par rapport à celle de l'environnement.Infrared discretion, given the passive nature of the coating, is mainly based on a very efficient heat shield minimizing any heat transfer in one direction as in the other, and on an adjustment of the emissivity of the coating relative to that of the environment.

L'écran thermique ainsi réalisé permet d'éviter le transfert de chaleur sur l'extérieur, facteur primordial pour la détection infrarouge, mais il permet également d'éviter le transfert de chaleur vers l'intérieur, ce qui dans le cas d'un fantassin, réduit l'échauffement interne qui représente un facteur de confort important pour un fantassin.The thermal screen thus produced makes it possible to avoid heat transfer on the outside, a key factor for infrared detection, but it allows also to avoid heat transfer to the interior, which in the case of a infantryman, reduces internal heating which is a factor of comfort important for an infantryman.

La discrétion visible est basée sur le bariolage de la surface extérieure du revêtement ou sur l'utilisation d'un filet bariolé conférant à l'ensemble un effet tridimensionnel. Ces solutions connues sont tout à fait standard.Visible discretion is based on the surface pattern exterior of the covering or on the use of a variegated net giving the whole a three-dimensional effect. These known solutions are quite standard.

La discrétion radar est principalement obtenue par absorption de l'énergie des ondes électromagnétiques reçues par le revêtement. Le phénomène de diffusion créé par le filet utilisé pour la discrétion visible peut être éventuellement utilisé pour améliorer encore le niveau de performance.Radar discretion is mainly obtained by absorption of the energy of electromagnetic waves received by the coating. The diffusion phenomenon created by the net used for visible discretion can possibly be used to further improve the performance level.

La figure 1 illustre un schéma en coupe transversale d'un revêtement selon l'invention.Figure 1 illustrates a cross-sectional diagram of a coating according to the invention.

Le revêtement selon l'invention est formé d'un empilement de quatre couches successives 1 à 4. La-définition de chacune de ces couches donnée ci-après à titre d'exemple non limitatif, représente une solution optimale pour la réduction de la signature radar dans les bandes de fréquence considérées.The coating according to the invention is formed by a stack of four successive layers 1 to 4. The definition of each of these layers given below by way of nonlimiting example, represents an optimal solution for the reduction of the radar signature in the frequency bands considered.

La définition de chacune de ces couches 1 à 4 est donnée ci-après en partant de la couche 1 la plus externe du revêtement.The definition of each of these layers 1 to 4 is given below starting from the outermost layer 1 of the coating.

La première couche 1 a plusieurs fonctions : elle constitue un écran contre les intempéries et est formée par exemple d'un film imperméable et résistant, d'épaisseur faible, d'environ 150 µm. Cette couche 1 peut être par exemple un film de PVC, abréviation anglo-saxonne pour " PolyVinyle Chlorid ". Cet écran permet également la réduction de la signature infrarouge et visible, car cette première couche 1, qui est la couche la plus externe, est recouverte d'un bariolage bidimentionnel ou tridimentionnel d'émissivité proche de 1 pour les bandes de fréquences infrarouges considérées.The first layer 1 has several functions: it constitutes a screen against the weather and is formed for example of an impermeable film and resistant, thin, about 150 µm. This layer 1 can be by example a PVC film, English abbreviation for "PolyVinyle Chlorid". This screen also allows the reduction of the infrared and visible signature, because this first layer 1, which is the outermost layer, is covered a bidimensional or three-dimensional variation in emissivity close to 1 for the infrared frequency bands considered.

De plus, sur le plan thermique, l'épaisseur non négligeable du revêtement selon l'invention, environ 4 mm, assure d'excellentes propriétés thermiques garantissant l'isolation thermique entre le corps et l'extérieur du revêtement. Cette condition est obligatoire pour toute structure de réduction de signature infrarouge passive.In addition, thermally, the non-negligible thickness of the coating according to the invention, approximately 4 mm, ensures excellent properties ensuring thermal insulation between the body and the outside of the coating. This condition is mandatory for any reduction structure of passive infrared signature.

La couche 2 est une couche résistive. Son rôle est de créer le meilleur compromis entre les réflexions et les transmissions multiples créées aux interfaces de chacune des couches 1 à 4 du revêtement pour assurer la meilleure interaction destructive possible quand le revêtement reçoit une onde électromagnétique.Layer 2 is a resistive layer. Its role is to create the best compromise between reflections and multiple transmissions created at the interfaces of each of the layers 1 to 4 of the coating to ensure the best possible destructive interaction when the coating receives a wave electromagnetic.

L'épaisseur et la résistivité de cette couche 2 sont adaptées pour optimiser les interactions destructives pour que le revêtement selon l'invention apparaisse globalement comme un matériau absorbant pour les bandes de fréquences considérées.The thickness and resistivity of this layer 2 are suitable for optimize destructive interactions so that the coating according to the invention generally appears as an absorbent material for the strips of frequencies considered.

L'épaisseur de la couche 2 est d'environ 200 µm. Sa conductivité électrique et son épaisseur sont adaptées pour que l'inverse de leur produit, qui représente une résistance de surface, soit proche de 330Ω.The thickness of layer 2 is approximately 200 μm. Its conductivity and its thickness are adapted so that the reverse of their product, which represents a surface resistance, ie close to 330Ω.

Typiquement, cette couche résistive est réalisée en fibre textile chargée de carbone.Typically, this resistive layer is made of textile fiber loaded with carbon.

La couche 3 est une couche en matériau diélectrique sensiblement rigide, comportant une épaisseur et des propriétés mécaniques permettant d'assurer également la protection du fantassin contre les éclats et balles, comme par exemple un aramide, un polycarbonate, etc... Layer 3 is a layer of substantially dielectric material rigid, having a thickness and mechanical properties allowing also to ensure the protection of the infantryman against shrapnel and bullets, like for example an aramid, a polycarbonate, etc ...

Elle permet également de fixer les bandes des fréquences radar absorbées par interférences destructives. Les énergies mises en jeu dans ce cas sont faibles, par conséquent aucune élévation de température pouvant nuire à la discrétion infrarouge n'est observée.It also allows to set the radar frequency bands absorbed by destructive interference. The energies brought into play in this cases are low, therefore no temperature rise that could impair infrared discretion is observed.

La couche 4 est une couche réflectrice de conductivité électrique tendant vers l'infini, généralement supérieure ou égale à 104Ω-1.m-1, ce qui correspond à une résistance de surface comprise entre environ quelques ohms et une dizaine d'ohms en fonction de l'épaisseur de la couche 4. Elle définit le plan réflecteur de référence du revêtement suivant l'invention. Elle est constituée par exemple d'un film d'aluminium d'épaisseur d'environ 50 µm.Layer 4 is a reflective layer of electrical conductivity tending towards infinity, generally greater than or equal to 10 4 Ω -1 .m -1 , which corresponds to a surface resistance of between approximately a few ohms and ten ohms as a function of the thickness of layer 4. It defines the reference reflective plane of the coating according to the invention. It consists for example of an aluminum film with a thickness of approximately 50 μm.

La distance entre ce plan de référence et le reste du revêtement, c'est-à-dire l'empilement des différentes couches 1 à 4 décrites ci-dessus, est déterminée et fixe afin d'atteindre l'optimisation souhaitée.The distance between this reference plane and the rest of the coating, that is to say the stacking of the different layers 1 to 4 described above, is determined and fixed in order to achieve the desired optimization.

Les matériaux cités ci-dessus doivent être isotropes et homogènes aux fréquences considérées. Ces conditions sont nécessaires en raison des théories utilisées pour l'optimisation. Les caractéristiques non précisées sont supposées quelconques.The materials mentioned above must be isotropic and homogeneous at the frequencies considered. These conditions are necessary due to theories used for optimization. Characteristics not specified are supposed to be any.

Le revêtement selon l'invention est compatible de la protection contre les éclats. Soit la structure assurant la protection contre les éclats rentre dans la définition de l'écran absorbant radar au niveau de la couche 3 formée par le matériau diélectrique, soit elle ne rentre pas dans la définition de l'écran radar et dans ce cas, elle est placée derrière le plan réflecteur formé par la couche 4 qui est la couche la plus interne du revêtement.The coating according to the invention is compatible with protection against splinters. Either the structure providing protection against splinters fits into the definition of the radar absorbing screen at layer 3 formed by the dielectric material, or it does not fit into the definition of the radar screen and in this case, it is placed behind the reflective plane formed by layer 4 which is the innermost layer of the coating.

Les différentes couches 1 à 4 et leurs caractéristiques qui viennent d'être définies sont reportées ci-dessous sous forme d'un tableau synthétique ci-après appelé tableau 1. Couches Caractéristiques de la couche 1 Matériau diélectrique imperméable de permittivité 2,85 pour la partie réelle, d'épaisseur 150 µm (par exemple un film PVC) 2 Matériau de résistance de surface d'environ 330Ω égale à l'inverse du produit de la conductivité électrique et de l'épaisseur (par exemple 200 µm d'épaisseur et 15Ω-1.m-1) (par exemple tissu polyamide chargé carbone) 3 Permittivité diélectrique de 3,2 et épaisseur 3,4 mm (par exemple tissu d'aramide) 4 Conductivité électrique pouvant être considérée comme infinie environ 104Ω-1.m-1, et d'épaisseur au moins égale à quelques microns (par exemple film d'aluminium) The different layers 1 to 4 and their characteristics which have just been defined are reported below in the form of a synthetic table below called table 1. Layers Layer characteristics 1 2.85 permittivity waterproof dielectric material for the real part, thickness 150 μm (for example a PVC film) 2 Material with a surface resistance of approximately 330Ω equal to the inverse of the product of electrical conductivity and thickness (for example 200 µm in thickness and 15Ω -1 .m -1 ) (for example carbon-laden polyamide fabric) 3 Dielectric permittivity of 3.2 and thickness 3.4 mm (e.g. aramid fabric) 4 Electrical conductivity which can be considered as infinite about 10 4 Ω -1 .m -1 , and of thickness at least equal to a few microns (for example aluminum film)

Les figures 2 et 3 illustrent l'évolution du coefficient de réflexion spéculaire en puissance en dB, pour le revêtement selon l'invention tel que défini précédemment, pour trois angles d'incidence, 0°, 30° et 60°, respectivement, pour les polarisations HH et VV ; HH et VV signifiant respectivement une polarisation horizontale-horizontale et une polarisation verticale-verticale de l'onde électromagnétique. Le premier terme correspond à la polarisation de l'onde incidente, et le deuxième terme à celle de l'onde réfléchie. Le calcul est basé sur les conditions de passage au travers d'un dioptre.Figures 2 and 3 illustrate the evolution of the reflection coefficient specular in power in dB, for the coating according to the invention such as defined above, for three angles of incidence, 0 °, 30 ° and 60 °, respectively, for the HH and VV polarizations; HH and VV meaning horizontal-horizontal polarization and polarization respectively vertical-vertical of the electromagnetic wave. The first term corresponds to the polarization of the incident wave, and the second term to that of the wave reflected. The calculation is based on the conditions of passage through a diopter.

Les valeurs du coefficient de réflexion spéculaire en dB pour les trois angles d'incidence 0, 30 et 60°, pour les deux polarisations HH et VV, et pour les fréquences 10 GHz et 36,5 GHz qui correspond à la valeur moyenne de la bande passante du radar de désignation de cible, sont reportées dans le tableau 2 suivant : Polarisation HH Polarisation VV Angle d'incidence 10 GHz 36,5 GHz 10 GHz 36,5 GHz 0° -13 -20 -13 -20 30° -11 -20 -13 -20 60° -6 -6 -8 -7 The values of the specular reflection coefficient in dB for the three angles of incidence 0, 30 and 60 °, for the two polarizations HH and VV, and for the frequencies 10 GHz and 36.5 GHz which corresponds to the average value of the bandwidth of the target designation radar, are shown in the following table 2: HH polarization VV polarization Angle of incidence 10 GHz 36.5 GHz 10 GHz 36.5 GHz 0 ° -13 -20 -13 -20 30 ° -11 -20 -13 -20 60 ° -6 -6 -8 -7

Les valeurs en incidence ne sont données qu'à titre indicatif car, dans une telle application où la forme de la cible est simple, seule la valeur en incidence normale est réellement représentative de la réduction de signature radar de la cible.The incidence values are only given as an indication because, in such an application where the shape of the target is simple, only the value in normal incidence is actually representative of signature reduction target radar.

Le tableau 3 suivant permet d'illustrer l'intervalle de valeurs dans lequel les caractéristiques données peuvent varier tout en permettant une valeur du coefficient de réflexion spéculaire en incidence normale de -10dB pour les deux bandes radar considérées, 10 et 36-37 Ghz, pour une résistance de surface d'environ 330Ω pour la couche 2. Couche Permittivité (réelle) Conductivité électrique (Ω-1.m-1) Epaisseur 1 1-8 - < 650 µm 2 - 9-108 < 320 µm 3 2,4-3,6 0-1 3,1-3,6 mm The following table 3 illustrates the range of values in which the given characteristics can vary while allowing a value of the specular reflection coefficient in normal incidence of -10dB for the two radar bands considered, 10 and 36-37 Ghz, for a surface resistance of around 330Ω for layer 2. Layer Permittivity (real) Electrical conductivity (Ω -1 .m -1) Thickness 1 1-8 - <650 µm 2 - 9-10 8 <320 µm 3 2.4-3.6 0-1 3.1-3.6mm

Une épaisseur typique moyenne d'un revêtement selon l'invention est inférieure ou égale à environ 4 mm. L'augmentation de masse du revêtement liée aux propriétés de la réduction de SER, abréviation pour Surface Equivalente Radar, est négligeable devant la masse du revêtement de base car une masse initiale minimale est imposée pour la protection contre les éclats. A typical average thickness of a coating according to the invention is less than or equal to about 4 mm. The increase in mass of the coating linked to the properties of the reduction of SER, abbreviation for Surface Radar equivalent, is negligible compared to the mass of the base coating because a minimum initial mass is required for protection against splinters.

En conservant les performences de réduction de la SER du revêtement selon l'invention, un gain de masse peut être obtenu, par exemple en remplaçant l'aramide constituant le matériau de la couche 3 par un textile moins dense, par exemple du PVC ; toutefois, dans ce cas, la protection contre les éclats n'est plus assurée.By retaining the RES reduction performance of the coating according to the invention, a gain in mass can be obtained, for example replacing the aramid constituting the material of layer 3 with a textile less dense, for example PVC; however, in this case, protection against splinters are no longer insured.

Les performances d'un revêtement selon l'invention sont données ci-après à titre d'exemple non limitatif. Compte tenu de la forme simple d'un corps humain, on peut supposer qu'il se comporte comme une structure plane, voire convexe (pas d'effet de dièdre, trièdre...) vis-à-vis des ondes électromagnétiques.The performance of a coating according to the invention is given below by way of nonlimiting example. Given the simple shape of a body human, we can assume that it behaves like a plane structure, even convex (no dihedral, trihedral effect ...) with respect to waves electromagnetic.

En partant de cette approximation, on peut déduire de la seule valeur du coefficient de réflexion spéculaire en incidence normale à 10 GHz, la réduction de portée d'un radar du type radar de surveillance de champ de bataille. La portée de ce radar, pour une cible humaine, passe de 7 km à 3,3 km.Starting from this approximation, we can deduce from the only value of the specular reflection coefficient in normal incidence at 10 GHz, the reduction in the range of a radar of the radar type field surveillance radar battle. The range of this radar, for a human target, goes from 7 km to 3.3 km.

En partant du principe que seul le tronc et la tête du fantassin sont à protéger contre les éclats ou plus généralement les parties vitales du fantassin, un revêtement selon l'invention peut s'appliquer à la réalisation d'une tenue de combat protégeant le fantassin contre les éclats et autres projectiles.Assuming that only the infantryman's trunk and head are at protect against splinters or more generally the vital parts of the infantryman, a coating according to the invention can be applied to the production of a combat protecting the infantryman against the fragments and other projectiles.

La figure 4 illustre un fantassin 5 portant une tenue de combat réalisée à partir d'un revêtement selon l'invention.Figure 4 illustrates an infantryman 5 wearing combat gear produced from a coating according to the invention.

Selon ce principe, la troisième couche diélectrique 3 du revêtement selon l'invention recouvrant le casque 6 et formant le gilet 7 de la tenue de combat, est réalisée dans un matériau du type aramide, polycarbonate, etc... Cette couche diélectrique peut soit être rapportée sur le casque ou faire partie intégrante du casque.According to this principle, the third dielectric layer 3 of the coating according to the invention covering the helmet 6 and forming the vest 7 of the holding of combat, is carried out in a material of the aramid type, polycarbonate, etc ... This dielectric layer can either be attached to the helmet or be part integral with the helmet.

Les zones de protection assurées par le gilet peuvent s'étendre en débordant sur les membres sans pour autant entraver les mouvements du fantassin en opération. The protection zones provided by the vest can extend spilling over the limbs without hampering the movements of the infantryman in operation.

La troisième couche diélectrique 3 du revêtement recouvrant les membres inférieurs 8 et supérieurs 9, est réalisée dans un matériau diélectrique plus souple, tel qu'un tissu, dont les propriétés diélectriques sont proches de celles de l'aramide.The third dielectric layer 3 of the coating covering the lower limbs 8 and upper limbs 9, is made of a material softer dielectric, such as a fabric, whose dielectric properties are close to those of aramid.

Une tenue de combat telle que décrite précédemment doit être conçue pour ne pas gêner les mouvements du fantassin 5 en opération.Combat clothing as described above must be designed not to hinder the movements of infantryman 5 in operation.

La tenue de combat peut être en outre équipée d'un système de ventilation par convection naturelle ou forcée.The combat suit can also be equipped with a ventilation by natural or forced convection.

Le casque 6 recouvert d'un revêtement selon l'invention peut être muni en outre d'une visière 10 transparente pour les fréquences du domaine visible, portant des filtres anti-laser, réfléchissante pour les longueurs d'onde dans l'infrarouge et traitée pour minimiser la surface équivalente radar. Le casque 6 est d'autre part conformé pour présenter des facettes interdisant les réflexions spéculaires dans les directions d'incidence radar.The helmet 6 covered with a coating according to the invention can be further provided with a transparent visor 10 for the frequencies of the domain visible, wearing anti-laser filters, reflective for wavelengths in the infrared and treated to minimize the radar equivalent surface. The helmet 6 is also shaped to present facets prohibiting specular reflections in radar incidence directions.

Enfin, l'ensemble de la tenue de combat peut être rendu imperméable aux produits toxiques utilisés sur champ de bataille. C'est à la première couche externe 1 qu'est imparti ce rôle.Finally, the entire combat suit can be returned impermeable to toxic products used on the battlefield. It's at first external layer 1 which is assigned this role.

Claims (18)

  1. Coating for the personal protective clothing of a infantryman, compatible with protection against sharp objects, and enabling the radar and infrared signature of the infantryman to be reduced, comprising a stack of layers (1 to 4) of materials which are isotropic and homogeneous at the frequencies in question, absorbing electromagnetic radar waves received by the coating in order to simultaneously optimize the radar signature of the infantryman in the given frequency bands; the stack comprising, starting from its outermost layer:
    a layer (1), which is discreet at infrared frequencies, of emissivity close to 1 for the infrared frequency bands in question;
    a layer (3);
    a conducting layer (4);
    characterized in that:
    the layer (1) is discreet at visible frequencies, for a given thickness and for a given dielectric permittivity;
    the stack comprises a resistive layer (2), of dielectric resistivity and thickness which are determined such that the inverse of their product has a given surface resistance;
    the layer (3) consists of a dielectric of given thickness and of given dielectric permittivity; and in that
    the layer (4) is of a conductivity determined in order to be considered as a reflecting plane at given radar frequencies;
       the thickness and the resistivity of the resistive layer (2) and also the thickness and the electromagnetic properties of the dielectric layer (3) being matched in order to optimize the destructive interaction between the multiple transmissions and reflections created at the interfaces of each of the layers (1 to 4) of the coating, so that the latter appears overall from the outside as an absorbing material at the frequency bands in question.
  2. Coating according to Claim 1, characterized in that the layer (1), which is discreet at visible and infrared frequencies, comprises a two-dimensional or three-dimensional camouflage pattern of emissivity close to 1 for the infrared frequency bands.
  3. Coating according to Claim 1, characterized in that the radar signature of the infantryman is simultaneously optimized in the X and Ka radar frequency bands, respectively.
  4. Coating according to Claim 3, characterized in that the layer (1), which is discreet at visible and infrared frequencies, has a thickness between a thickness close to 0 and about 650 µm, and a complex dielectric permittivity in the two bands, the real part of which permittivity is between about 1 and 8.
  5. Coating according to Claim 3, characterized in that the resistive layer (2) has a thickness and an electrical conductivity which are determined such that the surface resistance of the layer (2) is about equal to 330 Ω.
  6. Coating according to Claim 3, characterized in that the dielectric layer (3) has a thickness between about 3.1 and 3.6 mm, an electrical conductivity between about 0 and 1 Ω-1.m-1, and a complex permittivity, the real part of which is between about 2.4 and 3.6.
  7. Coating according to any one of Claims 3 to 6,
    characterized in that the layer (1), which is discreet at visible and infrared frequencies, comprises a two-dimensional or three-dimensional camouflage pattern of emissivity close to 1 for infrared bands II and III.
  8. Coating according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a stack of layers (1 to 4) comprising, starting from its outermost layer:
    a layer (1) of waterproof dielectric with a complex permittivity, the real part of which is about 2.85 and with a thickness of about 150 µm;
    a resistive layer (2) with a resistance of about 330 Ω and which is the inverse of the product of the electrical conductivity, about 15 Ω-1.m-1, and of the thickness, about 200 µm;
    a layer (3) of dielectric with a complex dielectric permittivity, the real part of which is about 3.2 and with a thickness of about 3.4 mm; and
    a conducting layer (4) of thickness at least equal to a few µm, and of electrical conductivity which can be considered as infinite.
  9. Coating according to Claim 8, characterized in that:
    the layer (1), which is discreet at visible and infrared frequencies, is a PVC film;
    the resistive layer (2) is a polyamide fabric filled with carbon;
    the dielectric layer (3) is an aramid fabric; and
    the conducting layer (4) is an aluminium film.
  10. Coating according to Claim 9, characterized in that the PVC layer (1) comprises a two-dimensional or three-dimensional camouflage pattern, of emissivity close to 1 for the infrared frequency bands.
  11. Coating according to Claim 9, characterized in that the PVC layer (1) is coated with a PVC mesh, the camouflage pattern of which is painted with polyurethane paint.
  12. Battle drew for infantryman (5) made from a coating according to any one of Claims 1 to 11,
    characterized in that it comprises:
    a first coating part protecting the head (6) and the trunk (7) of the infantryman (5) comprising protection against sharp objects;
       and in that it comprises:
    a second coating part covering the lower (8) and upper (9) limbs of the infantryman (5); the dielectric layer (3) of the coating being made from a flexible dielectric with dielectric properties close to those of the dielectric of the layer (3) of the coating covering the head (6) and the trunk (7), ensuring the mobility of the lower (8) and upper (9) limbs of the infantryman (5).
  13. Battle dress according to Claim 12, characterized in that the protection against sharp objects of the first part of the coating protecting the head (6) and the trunk (7) of the infantryman (5) is placed behind the internal layer (4).
  14. Battle dress according to Claim 12, characterized in that the dielectric layer (3) of the coating of the first part protecting the head (6) and the trunk (7) of the infantryman (5) is made of a substantially rigid dielectric having a thickness and mechanical properties which are determined so as to provide protection against sharp objects.
  15. Battle dress according to Claim 14, characterized in that the substantially rigid dielectric is aramid, and in that the flexible dielectric is PVC.
  16. Battle dress according to one of Claims 12 to 15, characterized in that it is equipped with a system of ventilation by natural or forced convection.
  17. Battle dress according to one of Claims 12 to 16, characterized in that the helmet (6) comprises facets preventing specular reflections in the directions of incident radar, and in that it comprises a visor (10) which is transparent at visible frequencies, bearing laser filters, and which is reflective at infrared frequencies and treated in order to minimize the laser cross section.
  18. Battle dress according to one of Claims 12 to 17, characterized in that the external surface of the battle dress, which is the first layer (1) of the coating, is made impermeable to the toxic substances generally used on a battlefield.
EP97401469A 1996-06-28 1997-06-24 Personal protection liner for infantry Expired - Lifetime EP0816793B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9608080A FR2750487B1 (en) 1996-06-28 1996-06-28 COATING FOR THE PERSONAL PROTECTION OF A FANTASSIN
FR9608080 1996-06-28

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EP0816793A1 EP0816793A1 (en) 1998-01-07
EP0816793B1 true EP0816793B1 (en) 2001-08-22

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Also Published As

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FR2750487B1 (en) 2005-10-21
FR2750487A1 (en) 1998-01-02
DE69706243T2 (en) 2002-04-18
DE69706243D1 (en) 2001-09-27
EP0816793A1 (en) 1998-01-07
US5950237A (en) 1999-09-14

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