EP0810815A1 - X-ray apparatus - Google Patents

X-ray apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0810815A1
EP0810815A1 EP97201553A EP97201553A EP0810815A1 EP 0810815 A1 EP0810815 A1 EP 0810815A1 EP 97201553 A EP97201553 A EP 97201553A EP 97201553 A EP97201553 A EP 97201553A EP 0810815 A1 EP0810815 A1 EP 0810815A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
tube
ray
transformer
coils
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97201553A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0810815B1 (en
Inventor
Hans Negle
Martin Wimmer
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Philips Intellectual Property and Standards GmbH
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Philips Corporate Intellectual Property GmbH
Philips Patentverwaltung GmbH
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Philips Electronics NV
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Publication of EP0810815A1 publication Critical patent/EP0810815A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0810815B1 publication Critical patent/EP0810815B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
    • H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
    • H05G1/08—Electrical details
    • H05G1/10—Power supply arrangements for feeding the X-ray tube
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
    • H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
    • H05G1/02—Constructional details
    • H05G1/04—Mounting the X-ray tube within a closed housing
    • H05G1/06—X-ray tube and at least part of the power supply apparatus being mounted within the same housing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an x-ray device with an x-ray emitter with an x-ray tube arranged in a tube protection housing and with a heating transducer connected to the cathode of the x-ray tube and arranged in the tube protection housing.
  • Such an X-ray device is known from DE-A 42 01 616.
  • the heating converter is implemented there, for example, in the manner of a through-current converter which has a ferrite core.
  • a heating transducer designed as a heating transformer with a ferrite core generally requires a relatively large amount of space, so that the installation of such a heating transducer in the protective tube housing of an X-ray tube is not possible with conventional X-ray tubes without structural changes being made to the X-ray tube.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying measures by means of which the heating transducer can be integrated into the tube protective housing in various conventional X-ray devices without the need for major structural changes to the X-ray device.
  • the heating transducer comprises a heating transformer without a transformer core, that the primary coil of the heating transformer is arranged coaxially with the secondary coil of the heating transformer and that the coils enclose a carrier.
  • the heating transducer in particular due to the omission of the transformer core, it is possible to arrange the heating transducer in the tube protective housing even with conventional X-ray tubes without major changes in their geometry and dimensions.
  • the coaxial arrangement of the coils with respect to one another and the arrangement around a carrier are also particularly space-saving.
  • By eliminating the core it is also possible to arrange the heating transducer at various locations in the tube protection housing and, for example, to fit it into predetermined installation spaces in the X-ray source.
  • a cost saving can also be achieved by eliminating the core and by using simpler insulation parts between the coils of the heating transformer.
  • the tube neck of the X-ray tube or a high-voltage connection socket via which a high voltage is supplied to the X-ray tube from a high-voltage generator, is the carrier, and that the primary coil coaxially surrounds the secondary coil.
  • Both the tube neck and the high-voltage connection socket are generally rotationally symmetrical and are particularly suitable as carriers for the coils.
  • the secondary coil which supplies the heating current of the cathode, is simultaneously at the high-voltage potential of the cathode, the secondary coil advantageously encloses the tube neck or the high-voltage connection socket directly, while the primary coil, which is at low-voltage potential, coaxially encloses the secondary coil at a distance or separated by an insulation body .
  • This arrangement is particularly space-saving and can be used with conventional X-ray sources.
  • the X-ray device has two heating transducers designed as heating transformers without a transformer core and that the primary coils and secondary coils of both heating transformers enclose a common carrier.
  • a X-ray tube often has two cathode elements for setting a large and a small focus.
  • a heating transformer is provided for each of these two cathode elements, the coils of which enclose a common carrier, advantageously the tube neck or the high-voltage connection socket.
  • the x-ray device has means for compensating for tube disturbances.
  • a damped high-voltage cable for supplying the high voltage from a high-voltage generator to the cathode of the X-ray tube is particularly advantageous.
  • damped high-voltage cables are known from the aforementioned DE-A 42 01 616, but can only be used in conventional X-ray devices by integrating the heating transducer into the X-ray source.
  • a damped high-voltage cable which is also used to supply the high voltage to the anode of the X-ray tube, a traveling wave caused by a flashover in the X-ray tube can be strongly damped. This leads to a considerable improvement in the electromagnetic compatibility in the event of tube faults and reduces the risk of damage to the X-ray tube or the high-voltage generator.
  • the x-ray device has a compensation circuit for reducing stray field losses of the heating transformer. Since a transformer without a transformer core (for example ferrite or iron core) is highly scattered and a considerable reactive power has to be applied to operate it, significantly higher voltages and / or currents are required for operation. However, these losses can be considerably reduced by using a suitable compensation circuit.
  • a transformer without a transformer core for example ferrite or iron core
  • the X-ray device shown in FIG. 1 comprises an X-ray emitter with an X-ray tube 2 arranged in a protective tube housing 1.
  • a cathode block 3 In the X-ray tube 2 there are a cathode block 3 and a rotating anode 4 of conventional design.
  • cathode elements In the X-ray tube 2 there are two cathode elements (not shown here) in the cathode block 3, which are fed in the example shown via two separate heat converters.
  • the heating currents are supplied to the cathode elements via lines 61, 62 from the first heating converter or lines 71, 72 from the second heating converter.
  • the lines 61, 62, 71, 72 are guided into the X-ray tube 2 on the tube neck 5.
  • a high-voltage feed line 8 through which a negative voltage of -75 kV with respect to ground is fed to the cathode elements.
  • a further high-voltage feed line 9 through which the anode 4 is supplied with a high voltage of +75 kV, which is positive in relation to ground.
  • a separate heat converter is provided for each of the two cathode elements.
  • Both heating transformers are without the same type of heating transformers Transformer core, ie without a ferrite or iron core, is configured and each consists of a primary coil 14 or 16 and a secondary coil 15 or 17.
  • the primary coil 14 of the first heating transformer is arranged coaxially around the secondary coil 15 of the first heating transformer.
  • the secondary coil 15 is arranged around the high-voltage connection socket 10 acting as a carrier.
  • the primary coil 16 of the second heating transformer is arranged coaxially around its secondary coil 17 and this in turn around the high-voltage connection socket 10.
  • the primary coil 14 is fed via leads 18, 19, the primary coil 16 via leads 20, 21.
  • a heating current connection 22 is provided on the protective tube housing 1. From the secondary coil 15 of the first heating transformer, the heating current is fed via lines 61 and 62 to the first cathode element, with which, for example, a small focus is to be achieved.
  • the second cathode element is supplied with heating current from the secondary coil 17 of the second heating transformer, via lines 71 and 72, with which, for example, a large focus is to be achieved.
  • the heating converter has a ferrite core. Due to its size, such a heat converter with transformer could not be used in an X-ray device of the type shown here without changing the geometry of the X-ray tube and / or the tube protective housing within the tube protective housing. In the embodiment of the heating transducer according to the invention without ferrite or iron core, however, this is possible.
  • the invention makes use of the rotationally symmetrical design of the high-voltage connection socket 10, around which the coils 14 to 17 of the heating transducers can be arranged coaxially, for example, in a simple and space-saving manner.
  • FIG. 2 Another embodiment is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the primary coils 14, 16 and the secondary coils 15, 17 are arranged around the tube neck 5 of the X-ray tube 2, which serves as a carrier here.
  • the tube neck 5 of the X-ray tube 2 which serves as a carrier here.
  • no change in the geometry of the X-ray tube 2 or the tube protection housing 1 is necessary in order to be able to arrange the heating transducers in the tube protection housing 1 in the manner shown.
  • the high-voltage connection socket 10 with the heating transducers arranged according to FIG. 1 is shown enlarged in FIG. 3.
  • the primary coils 14 and 16 each consist of primary windings 141 and 161, which are wound on a primary coil former 142 and 162, respectively.
  • the secondary coils 15 and 17 consist of secondary windings 151 and 171, which are wound on a secondary coil former 152 and 172, respectively.
  • the secondary coil formers 152, 172 are designed in such a way that an air gap of at least a few millimeters, for example between the secondary windings 151, 171 of the secondary coils 15, 17 and the primary windings 141, 161 of the primary coils 14, 16. 6 mm.
  • the secondary coils 15, 17 are at high voltage potential (-75 kV), which is fed to the cathode via line 8.
  • One of the lines 61, 62 and 71, 72 of the secondary coils 15 and 17 to the cathode elements is connected to the line 8 on the cathode side.
  • the heating converter is usually arranged outside the tube protective housing together with a high-voltage transformer, which generates the high voltage for the X-ray tube, in a high-voltage generator.
  • the heating current is fed to the X-ray source together with the high voltage for the cathode via a common cable.
  • the heating transducer is designed so that it can be arranged in X-ray emitters of various sizes and designs, is the use of damped high-voltage cables known from DE-A 42 01 616 possible in a wide variety of X-ray emitters, since one only the high voltage for the cathode must be supplied to the X-ray source from the high-voltage generator in the heating transducer integrated in the X-ray source.
  • Damped high-voltage cables have the particular advantage here that traveling waves from the X-ray tube to the high-voltage generator, which can be caused by a tube fault, are strongly damped, which increases the durability of the tube.
  • self-healing of the anode during deconditioning can also be achieved as a result.
  • the tube current of an X-ray source is regulated via the primary current of the heating transformer and the secondary current of the heating transformer is established via the current transformation ratio of the heating transformer, there are strict requirements for linearity and constant constancy of the transformation ratio.
  • a compensation circuit is provided.
  • the cathode element and the lines (ohmic and capacitive) contribute to the load impedance of the heating transformer.
  • the compensation circuit also largely compensates for operating frequency variations and losses due to stray field coupling into nearby metal parts and further stray field losses of the heating transformer.
  • the compensation circuit has a primary-side series and a secondary-side parallel compensation.
  • a capacitance C 1 and a resistor R 1 are connected in series with the primary winding L 14 , which corresponds to the primary coil 14 in FIG. 3.
  • the capacitance C 1 represents the capacitance of the resonance compensation circuit, the resistance R 1 essentially the winding resistance of the primary coil L 14 .
  • a resistor R 2 and a parallel circuit comprising a capacitor C 2 and the load resistor R L are connected in series with the secondary winding L 15 , which corresponds to the secondary coil 15 in FIG. 3.
  • the resistor R 2 essentially represents the winding resistances of the secondary coil L 15 , the capacitance C 2 essentially the resonance capacitance of the compensation circuit, increased by the winding capacitance and a capacitance present between the lines from the secondary coil L 15 to the cathode element.
  • the compensation circuit shown in FIG. 4 represents a particularly advantageous solution, since the current load and thus also the price of a compensation capacitor that may be required to set a specific capacitance value are kept small by the primary-side series compensation.
  • the values of the resistors R 1 , R 2 and the capacitances C 1 , C 2 should be selected so that the current transformation ratio is largely independent of the load resistance R L and that as little reactive power as possible has to be used.
  • the transformer is suitably dimensioned according to known methods and the capacitance values are selected appropriately.
  • FIG. 5 Another alternative embodiment of a heating transducer according to the invention is shown in FIG. 5.
  • the heating converter comprises only a primary coil 14 and a secondary coil 15, which have approximately the same diameter and are arranged around the high-voltage connection socket 10 at points one above the other.
  • the secondary winding 15 of the secondary coil 15, which is at high voltage potential, is surrounded on three sides by an insulation body 50, which mainly serves to isolate the primary coil 14 from the secondary coil 15, but also as a coil body for the secondary coil 15.

Abstract

The tube (2) has a protective casing (1) with a heating convertor connected to the cathode (3). The transformer has two primary coils (14,16) and two secondary coils (15,17) in a coaxial arrangement. Preferably both sets of coils are wound on a support (10) constituted by the high-voltage connection (10), or on the neck (5) of the tube itself. The tube provides compensation for disturbances of the tube and for stray field losses from the heating transformer.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Röntgeneinrichtung mit einem Röntgenstrahler mit einer in einem Röhrenschutzgehäuse angeordneten Röntgenröhre und mit einem an die Kathode der Röntgenröhre angeschlossenen, im Röhrenschutzgehäuse angeordneten Heizwandler.The invention relates to an x-ray device with an x-ray emitter with an x-ray tube arranged in a tube protection housing and with a heating transducer connected to the cathode of the x-ray tube and arranged in the tube protection housing.

Eine derartige Röntgeneinrichtung ist aus der DE-A 42 01 616 bekannt. Der Heizwandler ist dort beispielsweise in der Art eines Durchsteckstromwandlers realisiert, welcher einen Ferritkern aufweist.Such an X-ray device is known from DE-A 42 01 616. The heating converter is implemented there, for example, in the manner of a through-current converter which has a ferrite core.

Ein als Heiztransformator ausgestalteter Heizwandler mit einem Ferritkern erfordert im allgemeinen verhältnismäßig viel Platz, so daß der Einbau eines derartigen Heizwandlers in das Röhrenschutzgehäuse eines Röntgenstrahlers bei konventionellen Röntgenröhren nicht möglich ist, ohne daß konstruktive Veränderungen am Röntgenstrahler vorgenommen werden.A heating transducer designed as a heating transformer with a ferrite core generally requires a relatively large amount of space, so that the installation of such a heating transducer in the protective tube housing of an X-ray tube is not possible with conventional X-ray tubes without structural changes being made to the X-ray tube.

Der Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, Maßnahmen anzugeben, durch die eine Integration des Heizwandlers in das Röhrenschutzgehäuse bei verschiedenen konventionellen Röntgeneinrichtungen möglich ist, ohne daß dadurch größere konstruktive Änderungen an der Röntgeneinrichtung erforderlich sind.The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying measures by means of which the heating transducer can be integrated into the tube protective housing in various conventional X-ray devices without the need for major structural changes to the X-ray device.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß der Heizwandler einen Heiztransformator ohne Transformatorkern umfaßt, daß die Primärspule des Heiztransformators koaxial zur Sekundärspule des Heiztransformators angeordnet ist und daß die Spulen einen Träger umschließen.This object is achieved in that the heating transducer comprises a heating transformer without a transformer core, that the primary coil of the heating transformer is arranged coaxially with the secondary coil of the heating transformer and that the coils enclose a carrier.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung des Heizwandlers, insbesondere durch den Wegfall des Transformatorkerns, ist es möglich, den Heizwandler im Röhrenschutzgehäuse auch bei konventionellen Röntgenröhren ohne große Veränderungen deren Geometrie und Abmessungen anzuordnen. Auch die koaxiale Anordnung der Spulen zueinander und die Anordnung um einen Träger ist besonders platzsparend. Durch den Wegfall des Kerns ist es auch möglich, den Heizwandler an verschiedenen Stellen im Röhrenschutzgehäuse anzuordnen und beispielsweise in vorgegebene Bauräume im Röntgenstrahler einzupassen. Letztlich ist dadurch auch eine Kostenersparnis durch den Wegfall des Kerns und durch Verwendung einfacherer Isolationsteile zwischen den Spulen des Heiztransformators erzielbar.As a result of the inventive design of the heating transducer, in particular due to the omission of the transformer core, it is possible to arrange the heating transducer in the tube protective housing even with conventional X-ray tubes without major changes in their geometry and dimensions. The coaxial arrangement of the coils with respect to one another and the arrangement around a carrier are also particularly space-saving. By eliminating the core, it is also possible to arrange the heating transducer at various locations in the tube protection housing and, for example, to fit it into predetermined installation spaces in the X-ray source. Ultimately, a cost saving can also be achieved by eliminating the core and by using simpler insulation parts between the coils of the heating transformer.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß der Röhrenhals der Röntgenröhre oder eine Hochspannungsanschlußbuchse, über die der Röntgenröhre von einem Hochspannungsgenerator eine Hochspannung zugeführt wird, der Träger ist, und daß die Primärspule die Sekundärspule koaxial umschließt. Sowohl der Röhrenhals als auch die Hochspannungsanschlußbuchse sind im allgemeinen rotationssymmetrisch ausgestaltet und eignen sich besonders als Träger für die Spulen. Da die Sekundärspule, die den Heizstrom der Kathode liefert, gleichzeitig auf dem Hochspannungspotential der Kathode liegt, umschließt die Sekundärspule vorteilhafterweise direkt den Röhrenhals oder die Hochspannungsanschlußbuchse, während die auf Niederspannungspotential liegende Primärspule aus Isolationsgründen in einem Abstand oder durch einen Isolationskörper getrennt die Sekundärspule koaxial umschließt. Diese Anordnung ist besonders platzsparend und läßt sich bei herkömmlichen Röntgenstrahlern anwenden.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention it is provided that the tube neck of the X-ray tube or a high-voltage connection socket, via which a high voltage is supplied to the X-ray tube from a high-voltage generator, is the carrier, and that the primary coil coaxially surrounds the secondary coil. Both the tube neck and the high-voltage connection socket are generally rotationally symmetrical and are particularly suitable as carriers for the coils. Since the secondary coil, which supplies the heating current of the cathode, is simultaneously at the high-voltage potential of the cathode, the secondary coil advantageously encloses the tube neck or the high-voltage connection socket directly, while the primary coil, which is at low-voltage potential, coaxially encloses the secondary coil at a distance or separated by an insulation body . This arrangement is particularly space-saving and can be used with conventional X-ray sources.

Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß die Röntgeneinrichtung zwei als Heiztransformatoren ohne Transformatorkern ausgestaltete Heizwandler aufweist und daß die Primärspulen und Sekundärspulen beider Heiztransformatoren einen gemeinsamen Träger umschließen. Eine Röntgenröhre weist oft zwei Kathodenelemente auf zur Einstellung eines großen und eines kleinen Fokus. Für diese beiden Kathodenelemente ist jeweils ein Heiztransformator vorgesehen, deren Spulen einen gemeinsamen Träger, vorteilhafterweise den Röhrenhals oder die Hoehspannunganschlußbuchse, umschließen.According to a development of the invention, it is provided that the X-ray device has two heating transducers designed as heating transformers without a transformer core and that the primary coils and secondary coils of both heating transformers enclose a common carrier. A X-ray tube often has two cathode elements for setting a large and a small focus. A heating transformer is provided for each of these two cathode elements, the coils of which enclose a common carrier, advantageously the tube neck or the high-voltage connection socket.

In einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß die Röntgeneinrichtung Mittel zur Kompensation von Röhrenstörungen aufweist. Besonders vorteilhaft ist die Verwendung eines gedämpften Hochspannungskabels zur Zuführung der Hochspannung von einem Hochspannungsgenerator an die Kathode der Röntgenröhre. Derartige gedämpfte Hochspannungskabel sind aus der eingangs genannten DE-A 42 01 616 bekannt, sind bei herkömmlichen Röntgeneinrichtungen aber erst durch die Integration des Heizwandlers in den Röntgenstrahler verwendbar. Mit einem derartigen gedämpften Hochspannungskabel, das auch zur Zuführung der Hochspannung an die Anode der Röntgenröhre Verwendung findet, kann eine durch einen Überschlag in der Röntgenröhre hervorgerufene Wanderwelle stark gedämpft werden. Dies führt zu einer erheblichen Verbesserung der elektromagnetischen Verträglichkeit bei Röhrenstörungen und vermindert die Gefahr einer Beschädigung der Röntgenröhre oder des Hochspannungsgenerators.In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the x-ray device has means for compensating for tube disturbances. The use of a damped high-voltage cable for supplying the high voltage from a high-voltage generator to the cathode of the X-ray tube is particularly advantageous. Such damped high-voltage cables are known from the aforementioned DE-A 42 01 616, but can only be used in conventional X-ray devices by integrating the heating transducer into the X-ray source. With such a damped high-voltage cable, which is also used to supply the high voltage to the anode of the X-ray tube, a traveling wave caused by a flashover in the X-ray tube can be strongly damped. This leads to a considerable improvement in the electromagnetic compatibility in the event of tube faults and reduces the risk of damage to the X-ray tube or the high-voltage generator.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß die Röntgeneinrichtung eine Kompensationsschaltung zur Verminderung von Streufeldverlusten des Heiztransformators aufweist. Da ein Transformator ohne Transformatorkern (beispielsweise Ferrit- oder Eisenkern) stark streubehaftet ist und zu dessen Betrieb eine erhebliche Blindleistung aufzubringen ist, sind zum Betrieb deutlich größere Spannungen und/oder Ströme erforderlich. Diese Verluste können jedoch durch eine geeignete Kompensationsschaltung erheblich vermindert werden.According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the x-ray device has a compensation circuit for reducing stray field losses of the heating transformer. Since a transformer without a transformer core (for example ferrite or iron core) is highly scattered and a considerable reactive power has to be applied to operate it, significantly higher voltages and / or currents are required for operation. However, these losses can be considerably reduced by using a suitable compensation circuit.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine erste Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Röntgeneinrichtung,
Fig. 2
eine zweite Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Röntgeneinrichtung,
Fig. 3
eine vergrößerte Darstellung der Heizwandler bei einer Röntgeneinrichtung gemäß Fig. 1,
Fig. 4
eine bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Röntgeneinrichtung verwendete Kompensationsschaltung und
Fig. 5
eine weitere Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizwandlers.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
a first embodiment of an X-ray device according to the invention,
Fig. 2
a second embodiment of an X-ray device according to the invention,
Fig. 3
2 shows an enlarged illustration of the heating transducer in an X-ray device according to FIG. 1,
Fig. 4
a compensation circuit used in an X-ray device according to the invention and
Fig. 5
a further embodiment of a heating converter according to the invention.

Die in Fig. 1 gezeigte Röntgeneinrichtung umfaßt einen Röntgenstrahler mit einer in einem Röhrenschutzgehäuse 1 angeordneten Röntgenröhre 2. In der Röntgenröhre 2 befinden sich ein Kathodenblock 3 und eine Drehanode 4 herkömmlicher Bauart. Zur Erreichung zweier unterschiedlicher Fokusgrößen befinden sich im Kathodenblock 3 zwei hier nicht gezeigte Kathodenelemente, die im gezeigten Beispiel über zwei getrennte Heizwandler gespeist werden. Die Heizströme werden den Kathodenelementen über Leitungen 61, 62 vom ersten Heizwandler bzw. Leitungen 71, 72 vom zweiten Heizwandler zugeführt. Die Leitungen 61, 62, 71, 72 sind am Röhrenhals 5 in die Röntgenröhre 2 geführt. Weiterhin befindet sich dort eine Hochspannungszuleitung 8, durch die den Kathodenelementen eine gegenüber Masse negative Hochspannung von -75 kV zugeführt wird. Am dem Röhrenhals 5 gegenüber liegenden Ende der Röntgenröhre 2 befindet sich eine weitere Hochspannungszuleitung 9, durch die der Anode 4 eine bezogen auf Masse positive Hochspannung von +75 kV zugeführt wird. Für die Zuführung der Hochspannung an die Röntgenröhre 2 befinden sich im Röhrenschutzgehäuse 1 zwei Hochspannungsanschlußbuchsen 10 und 11. In diese Hochspannungsanschlußbuchsen 10, 11 werden durch die Hochspannungseingänge 12, 13 die Hochspannungskabel, die die von einem nicht gezeigten Hochspannungsgenerator erzeugte Hochspannung von ± 75 kV zum Röntgenstrahler führen, angeschlossen.The X-ray device shown in FIG. 1 comprises an X-ray emitter with an X-ray tube 2 arranged in a protective tube housing 1. In the X-ray tube 2 there are a cathode block 3 and a rotating anode 4 of conventional design. To achieve two different focus sizes, there are two cathode elements (not shown here) in the cathode block 3, which are fed in the example shown via two separate heat converters. The heating currents are supplied to the cathode elements via lines 61, 62 from the first heating converter or lines 71, 72 from the second heating converter. The lines 61, 62, 71, 72 are guided into the X-ray tube 2 on the tube neck 5. There is also a high-voltage feed line 8 through which a negative voltage of -75 kV with respect to ground is fed to the cathode elements. At the end of the X-ray tube 2 opposite the tube neck 5 there is a further high-voltage feed line 9 through which the anode 4 is supplied with a high voltage of +75 kV, which is positive in relation to ground. For the supply of the high voltage to the X-ray tube 2 there are two high-voltage connection sockets 10 and 11 in the protective tube housing 1 X-ray tube lead, connected.

Für die beiden Kathodenelemente ist jeweils ein separater Heizwandler vorgesehen. Beide Heizwandler sind als gleichartige Heiztransformatoren ohne Transformatorkern, d.h. ohne Ferrit- oder Eisenkern, ausgestaltet und bestehen jeweils aus einer Primärspule 14 bzw. 16 und einer Sekundärspule 15 bzw. 17. Die Primärspule 14 des ersten Heiztransformators ist koaxial um die Sekundärspule 15 des ersten Heiztransformators angeordnet. Die Sekundärspule 15 ist um die als Träger wirkenden Hochspannungsanschlußbuchse 10 angeordnet. In gleicher Weise ist die Primärspule 16 des zweiten Heiztransformators koaxial um dessen Sekundärspule 17 angeordnet und diese widerum um die Hochspannungsanschlußbuchse 10. Die Primärspule 14 wird über Zuleitungen 18, 19 gespeist, die Primärspule 16 über Zuleitungen 20, 21. Für die Speisung der Primärspulen 14 und 16 ist am Röhrenschutzgehäuse 1 ein Heizstromanschluß 22 vorgesehen. Von der Sekundärspule 15 des ersten Heiztransformators wird der Heizstrom über die Leitungen 61 und 62 dem ersten Kathodenelement, mit dem beispielsweise ein kleiner Fokus erreicht werden soll, zugeführt. Über die Leitungen 71 und 72 wird von der Sekundärspule 17 des zweiten Heiztransformators das zweite Kathodenelement mit Heizstrom versorgt, mit dem beispielsweise ein großer Fokus erreicht werden soll.A separate heat converter is provided for each of the two cathode elements. Both heating transformers are without the same type of heating transformers Transformer core, ie without a ferrite or iron core, is configured and each consists of a primary coil 14 or 16 and a secondary coil 15 or 17. The primary coil 14 of the first heating transformer is arranged coaxially around the secondary coil 15 of the first heating transformer. The secondary coil 15 is arranged around the high-voltage connection socket 10 acting as a carrier. In the same way, the primary coil 16 of the second heating transformer is arranged coaxially around its secondary coil 17 and this in turn around the high-voltage connection socket 10. The primary coil 14 is fed via leads 18, 19, the primary coil 16 via leads 20, 21. For feeding the primary coils 14 and 16, a heating current connection 22 is provided on the protective tube housing 1. From the secondary coil 15 of the first heating transformer, the heating current is fed via lines 61 and 62 to the first cathode element, with which, for example, a small focus is to be achieved. The second cathode element is supplied with heating current from the secondary coil 17 of the second heating transformer, via lines 71 and 72, with which, for example, a large focus is to be achieved.

Bei der bekannten Röntgeneinrichtung weist der Heizwandler einen Ferritkern auf. Aufgrund seiner Größe könnte ein derartiger Heizwandler mit Transformator bei einer Röntgeneinrichtung der hier gezeigten Bauart nicht ohne Veränderungen der Geometrie der Röntgenröhre und/oder des Röhrenschutzgehäuses innerhalb des Röhrenschutzgehäuses verwendet werden. Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung des Heizwandlers ohne Ferrit- oder Eisenkern ist dies jedoch möglich. Die Erfindung nutzt dabei die rotationssymmetrische Ausgestaltung der Hochspannungsanschlußbuchse 10 aus, um den die Spulen 14 bis 17 der Heizwandler auf einfache und platzsparende Weise koaxial angeordnet, beispielsweise aufgesteckt werden können.In the known X-ray device, the heating converter has a ferrite core. Due to its size, such a heat converter with transformer could not be used in an X-ray device of the type shown here without changing the geometry of the X-ray tube and / or the tube protective housing within the tube protective housing. In the embodiment of the heating transducer according to the invention without ferrite or iron core, however, this is possible. The invention makes use of the rotationally symmetrical design of the high-voltage connection socket 10, around which the coils 14 to 17 of the heating transducers can be arranged coaxially, for example, in a simple and space-saving manner.

Ein weiterer Vorteil bei der Verwendung von Heizwandlern ohne Transformatorkern ergibt sich dadurch, bei solchen Heizwandlern alle kernabhängigen Verluste entfallen, welche nichtlinearen Charakter haben. Dadurch wird die Genauigkeit und die Reproduzierbarkeit der Heizwandlers erheblich erhöht. Außerdem ist diese Ausgestaltung kostengünstiger und erzeugt weniger Verlustwärme.Another advantage of using heating converters without a transformer core is that all core-dependent losses occur with such heating converters which have a non-linear character. This significantly increases the accuracy and reproducibility of the heating converter. In addition, this configuration is less expensive and generates less heat loss.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform ist in Fig. 2 gezeigt. Dort sind die Primärspulen 14, 16 und die Sekundärspulen 15, 17 um den Röhrenhals 5 der Röntgenröhre 2 angeordnet, der hier als Träger dient. Auch bei dieser Ausführungsform ist keine Veränderung der Geometrie der Röntgenröhre 2 oder des Röhrenschutzgehäuses 1 nötig, um die Heizwandler auf die gezeigte Weise im Röhrenschutzgehäuse 1 anordnen zu können.Another embodiment is shown in FIG. 2. There, the primary coils 14, 16 and the secondary coils 15, 17 are arranged around the tube neck 5 of the X-ray tube 2, which serves as a carrier here. In this embodiment, too, no change in the geometry of the X-ray tube 2 or the tube protection housing 1 is necessary in order to be able to arrange the heating transducers in the tube protection housing 1 in the manner shown.

Die Hochspannungsanschlußbuchse 10 mit den gemäß Fig. 1 angeordneten Heizwandlern ist in Fig. 3 vergrößert dargestellt. Die Primärspulen 14 bzw. 16 bestehen dabei jeweils aus Primärwicklungen 141 bzw. 161, die auf einen Primärspulenkörper 142 bzw. 162 gewickelt sind. Die Sekundärspulen 15 bzw. 17 bestehen aus Sekundärwicklungen 151 bzw. 171, die auf einen Sekundärspulenkörper 152 bzw. 172 gewickelt sind. Die Sekundärspulenkörper 152, 172 sind dabei so ausgestaltet, daß zwischen den Sekundärwicklungen 151, 171 der Sekundärspulen 15, 17 und den Primärwicklungen 141, 161 der Primärspulen 14, 16 ein Luftspalt von wenigstens einigen Millimetern, z.B. 6 mm besteht. Dies ist aus Isolationsgründen erforderlich, da die Sekundärspulen 15, 17 auf Hochspannungspotential (-75 kV) liegen, das der Kathode über die Leitung 8 zugeführt wird. Jeweils eine der Leitungen 61, 62 bzw. 71, 72 der Sekundärspulen 15 und 17 zu den Kathodenelementen ist kathodenseitig jeweils mit der Leitung 8 verbunden.The high-voltage connection socket 10 with the heating transducers arranged according to FIG. 1 is shown enlarged in FIG. 3. The primary coils 14 and 16 each consist of primary windings 141 and 161, which are wound on a primary coil former 142 and 162, respectively. The secondary coils 15 and 17 consist of secondary windings 151 and 171, which are wound on a secondary coil former 152 and 172, respectively. The secondary coil formers 152, 172 are designed in such a way that an air gap of at least a few millimeters, for example between the secondary windings 151, 171 of the secondary coils 15, 17 and the primary windings 141, 161 of the primary coils 14, 16. 6 mm. This is necessary for insulation reasons, since the secondary coils 15, 17 are at high voltage potential (-75 kV), which is fed to the cathode via line 8. One of the lines 61, 62 and 71, 72 of the secondary coils 15 and 17 to the cathode elements is connected to the line 8 on the cathode side.

Weitere Isolations- und Halteelemente, die noch vorgesehen sein können, sind der Übersichtlichkeit halber in Fig. 3 nicht näher gezeigt.For the sake of clarity, further insulation and holding elements, which can also be provided, are not shown in more detail in FIG. 3.

Bei bekannten Röntgeneinrichtungen ist der Heizwandler meist außerhalb des Röhrenschutzgehäuses zusammen mit einem Hochspannungstransformator, der die Hochspannung für die Röntgenröhre erzeugt, in einem Hochspannungsgenerator angeordnet. Der Heizstrom wird dabei zusammen mit der Hochspannung für die Kathode über ein gemeinsames Kabel dem Röntgenstrahler zugeführt. Erst durch die Erfindung, gemäß der der Heizwandler so ausgestaltet ist, daß er in Röntgenstrahlern verschiedenster Größe und Ausgestaltung angeordnet werden kann, wird auch die Verwendung von aus der DE-A 42 01 616 bekannten, gedämpften Hochspannungskabeln bei verschiedensten Röntgenstrahlern möglich, da bei einem in den Röntgenstrahler integrierten Heizwandler nur die Hochspannung für die Kathode dem Röntgenstrahler vom Hochspannungsgenerator zugeführt werden muß. Gedämpfte Hochspannungskabel haben hier insbesondere den Vorteil, daß Wanderwellen von der Röntgenröhre zum Hochspannungsgenerator, die durch eine Röhrenstörung hervorgerufen werden können, stark gedämpft werden, wodurch die Haltbarkeit der Röhre vergrößert wird. Außerdem kann dadurch auch eine Selbstheilung der Anode bei einer Dekonditionierung erreicht werden.In known X-ray devices, the heating converter is usually arranged outside the tube protective housing together with a high-voltage transformer, which generates the high voltage for the X-ray tube, in a high-voltage generator. The heating current is fed to the X-ray source together with the high voltage for the cathode via a common cable. Only through the invention, according to which the heating transducer is designed so that it can be arranged in X-ray emitters of various sizes and designs, is the use of damped high-voltage cables known from DE-A 42 01 616 possible in a wide variety of X-ray emitters, since one only the high voltage for the cathode must be supplied to the X-ray source from the high-voltage generator in the heating transducer integrated in the X-ray source. Damped high-voltage cables have the particular advantage here that traveling waves from the X-ray tube to the high-voltage generator, which can be caused by a tube fault, are strongly damped, which increases the durability of the tube. In addition, self-healing of the anode during deconditioning can also be achieved as a result.

Da der Röhrenstrom eines Röntgenstrahlers über den Primärstrom des Heiztransformators geregelt wird und sich der Sekundärstrom des Heiztransformators über das Stromübersetzungsverhältnis des Heiztransformators einstellt, ergeben sich strenge Anforderungen an Linearität und zeitliche Konstanz des Übersetzungsverhältnisses. Um diese hohen Anforderungen zu erfüllen und ein von der Lastimpedanz des Heiztransformators unabhängiges Stromübersetzungsverhältnis einzustellen, ist eine Kompensationsschaltung vorgesehen. Zur Lastimpedanz des Heiztransformators tragen das Kathodenelement sowie die Leitungen (ohmsch und kapazitiv) bei. Außerdem werden durch die Kompensationsschaltung auch Betriebsfrequenzvariationen und Verluste durch Streufeldeinkopplungen in nahegelegene Metallteile und weitere Streufeldverluste des Heiztransformators weitgehend kompensiert.Since the tube current of an X-ray source is regulated via the primary current of the heating transformer and the secondary current of the heating transformer is established via the current transformation ratio of the heating transformer, there are strict requirements for linearity and constant constancy of the transformation ratio. In order to meet these high requirements and to set a current transmission ratio that is independent of the load impedance of the heating transformer, a compensation circuit is provided. The cathode element and the lines (ohmic and capacitive) contribute to the load impedance of the heating transformer. In addition, the compensation circuit also largely compensates for operating frequency variations and losses due to stray field coupling into nearby metal parts and further stray field losses of the heating transformer.

In Fig. 4 ist eine derartige Kompensationsschaltung für den Heiztransformator gezeigt. Die Kompensationsschaltung weist eine primärseitige Serien- und eine sekundärseitige Parallelkompensation auf. Auf der Primärseite (= Generatorseite) sind eine Kapazität C1 und ein Widerstand R1 in Serie geschaltet zur Primärwicklung L14, die der Primärspule 14 in Fig. 3 entspricht. Die Kapazität C1 stellt dabei die Kapazität der Resonanz-Kompensationsschaltung dar, der Widerstand R1 im wesentlichen den Wicklungswiderstand der Primärspule L14. Auf der Sekundärseite ist in Serie zur Sekundärwicklung L15, die der Sekundärspule 15 in Fig. 3 entspricht, ein Widerstand R2 sowie eine Parallelschaltung aus einer Kapazität C2 und dem Lastwiderstand RL geschaltet. Der Widerstand R2 stellt im wesentlichen die Wicklungswiderstände der Sekundärspule L15 dar, die Kapazität C2 im wesentlichen die Resonanzkapazität der Kompensationsschaltung, erhöht um die Wicklungskapazität und eine zwischen den Leitungen von der Sekundärspule L15 zum Kathodenelement vorhandene Kapazität.Such a compensation circuit for the heating transformer is shown in FIG. The compensation circuit has a primary-side series and a secondary-side parallel compensation. On the primary side (= generator side), a capacitance C 1 and a resistor R 1 are connected in series with the primary winding L 14 , which corresponds to the primary coil 14 in FIG. 3. The capacitance C 1 represents the capacitance of the resonance compensation circuit, the resistance R 1 essentially the winding resistance of the primary coil L 14 . On the secondary side, a resistor R 2 and a parallel circuit comprising a capacitor C 2 and the load resistor R L are connected in series with the secondary winding L 15 , which corresponds to the secondary coil 15 in FIG. 3. The resistor R 2 essentially represents the winding resistances of the secondary coil L 15 , the capacitance C 2 essentially the resonance capacitance of the compensation circuit, increased by the winding capacitance and a capacitance present between the lines from the secondary coil L 15 to the cathode element.

Ein Kompensation ist erforderlich, da zum Betrieb eines stark streubehafteten Transformators eine erhebliche Blindleistung aufzubringen ist. Im Vergleich zu einem Transformator mit guter Kopplung sind zum Betrieb eines streubehafteten Transformators deutlich größere Spannungen und Ströme erforderlich. Um den Generator nicht mit diesen Strömen und Spannungen belasten zu müssen, ist der Einsatz von Resonanzkondensatoren (= Kompensationskondensatoren) sinnvoll. Die in Fig. 4 gezeigte Kompensationsschaltung stellt eine besonders vorteilhafte Lösung dar, da durch die primärseitige Serienkompensation die Strombelastung und damit auch der Preis eines möglicherweise zur Einstellung eines bestimmten Kapazitätswertes erforderlichen Kompensationskondensators kleingehalten wird. Die Werte der Widerstände R1, R2 und der Kapazitäten C1, C2 sollen so ausgewählt werden, daß das Stromübersetzungsverhältnis weitgehend unabhängig vom Lastwiderstand RL ist und daß möglichst wenig Blindleistung aufgewendet werden muß. Dazu wird der Transformator nach bekannten Verfahren geeignet dimensioniert und die Kapazitätswerte werden geeignet ausgewählt.Compensation is necessary because a considerable reactive power has to be applied to operate a transformer that is subject to high stray current. Compared to a transformer with good coupling, much larger voltages and currents are required to operate a stray transformer. In order not to have to burden the generator with these currents and voltages, the use of resonance capacitors (= compensation capacitors) makes sense. The compensation circuit shown in FIG. 4 represents a particularly advantageous solution, since the current load and thus also the price of a compensation capacitor that may be required to set a specific capacitance value are kept small by the primary-side series compensation. The values of the resistors R 1 , R 2 and the capacitances C 1 , C 2 should be selected so that the current transformation ratio is largely independent of the load resistance R L and that as little reactive power as possible has to be used. For this purpose, the transformer is suitably dimensioned according to known methods and the capacitance values are selected appropriately.

Eine weitere, alternative Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizwandlers ist in Fig. 5 dargestellt. Der Heizwandler umfaßt dabei nur eine Primärspule 14 und eine Sekundärspule 15, die etwa einen gleich großen Durchmesser aufweisen und um die Hochspannungsanschlußbuchse 10 an übereinanderliegenden Stellen angeordnet sind. Die auf Hochspannungspotential liegende Sekundärwicklung der Sekundärspule 15 ist von drei Seiten von einem Isolationskörper 50 umgeben, die hauptsächlich zur Isolation der Primärspule 14 von der Sekundärspule 15, aber auch als Spulenkörper für die Sekundärspule 15 dient.Another alternative embodiment of a heating transducer according to the invention is shown in FIG. 5. The heating converter comprises only a primary coil 14 and a secondary coil 15, which have approximately the same diameter and are arranged around the high-voltage connection socket 10 at points one above the other. The secondary winding 15 of the secondary coil 15, which is at high voltage potential, is surrounded on three sides by an insulation body 50, which mainly serves to isolate the primary coil 14 from the secondary coil 15, but also as a coil body for the secondary coil 15.

Claims (5)

Röntgeneinrichtung mit einem Röntgenstrahler mit einer in einem Röhrenschutzgehäuse (1) angeordneten Röntgenröhre (2) und mit einem an die Kathode (3) der Röntgenröhre angeschlossenen, im Röhrenschutzgehäuse (1) angeordneten Heizwandler,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Heizwandler einen Heiztransformator (14, 15, 16, 17) ohne Transformatorkern umfaßt, daR die Primärspule (14, 16) des Heiztransformators koaxial zur Sekundärspule (15, 17) des Heiztransformators angeordnet ist und daß die Spulen (14, 15, 16, 17) einen Träger (5, 10) umschließen.X-ray device with an X-ray emitter with an X-ray tube (2) arranged in a tube protection housing (1) and with a heating transducer connected to the cathode (3) of the X-ray tube and arranged in the tube protection housing (1),
characterized in that the heating transducer comprises a heating transformer (14, 15, 16, 17) without a transformer core, that the primary coil (14, 16) of the heating transformer is arranged coaxially with the secondary coil (15, 17) of the heating transformer and that the coils (14, 15, 16, 17) enclose a carrier (5, 10). Röntgeneinrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Röhrenhals (5) der Röntgenröhre (2) oder eine Hochspannungsanschlußbuchse (10), über die der Röntgenröhre (2) von einem Hochspannungsgenerator eine Hochspannung zugeführt wird, der Träger ist, und daß die Primärspule (14, 16) die Sekundärspule (15, 17) koaxial umschließt.X-ray device according to claim 1,
characterized in that the tube neck (5) of the x-ray tube (2) or a high-voltage connection socket (10) via which a high voltage is supplied to the x-ray tube (2) by a high-voltage generator, which is the carrier, and in that the primary coil (14, 16) Secondary coil (15, 17) coaxially encloses. Röntgeneinrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Röntgeneinrichtung zwei als Heiztransformatoren ohne Transformatorkern ausgestaltete Heizwandler aufweist und daß die Primärspulen (14, 16) und Sekundärspulen (15, 17) beider Heiztransformatoren einen gemeinsamen Träger (5, 10) umschließen.X-ray device according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that the x-ray device has two heating transducers designed as heating transformers without a transformer core and that the primary coils (14, 16) and secondary coils (15, 17) of both heating transformers enclose a common carrier (5, 10). Röntgeneinrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Röntgeneinrichtung Mittel zur Kompensation von Röhrenstörungen aufweist.X-ray device according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the x-ray device has means for compensating for tube disturbances. Röntgeneinrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Röntgeneinrichtung eine Kompensationsschaltung zur Verminderung von Streufeldverlusten des Heiztransformators aufweist.X-ray device according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the x-ray device has a compensation circuit for reducing stray field losses of the heating transformer.
EP97201553A 1996-05-29 1997-05-23 X-ray apparatus Expired - Lifetime EP0810815B1 (en)

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US5878109A (en) 1999-03-02
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DE59712226D1 (en) 2005-04-21
JPH1055898A (en) 1998-02-24

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