EP0800620B1 - Fuel injection pump unit with control unit and process for regulating it - Google Patents

Fuel injection pump unit with control unit and process for regulating it Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0800620B1
EP0800620B1 EP95940913A EP95940913A EP0800620B1 EP 0800620 B1 EP0800620 B1 EP 0800620B1 EP 95940913 A EP95940913 A EP 95940913A EP 95940913 A EP95940913 A EP 95940913A EP 0800620 B1 EP0800620 B1 EP 0800620B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel injection
injection pump
control rod
pump unit
stop
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP95940913A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0800620A1 (en
Inventor
Anton Dolenc
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Steyr Daimler Puch AG
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Steyr Daimler Puch AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M57/00—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
    • F02M57/02—Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D1/00—Controlling fuel-injection pumps, e.g. of high pressure injection type
    • F02D1/02—Controlling fuel-injection pumps, e.g. of high pressure injection type not restricted to adjustment of injection timing, e.g. varying amount of fuel delivered
    • F02D1/08—Transmission of control impulse to pump control, e.g. with power drive or power assistance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
    • F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
    • F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
    • F02D41/2432—Methods of calibration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
    • F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
    • F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
    • F02D41/2441—Methods of calibrating or learning characterised by the learning conditions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
    • F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
    • F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
    • F02D41/2451—Methods of calibrating or learning characterised by what is learned or calibrated
    • F02D41/2464—Characteristics of actuators
    • F02D41/2467—Characteristics of actuators for injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/44—Details, components parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M59/02 - F02M59/42; Pumps having transducers, e.g. to measure displacement of pump rack or piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/44—Details, components parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M59/02 - F02M59/42; Pumps having transducers, e.g. to measure displacement of pump rack or piston
    • F02M59/447—Details, components parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M59/02 - F02M59/42; Pumps having transducers, e.g. to measure displacement of pump rack or piston means specially adapted to limit fuel delivery or to supply excess of fuel temporarily, e.g. for starting of the engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M65/00—Testing fuel-injection apparatus, e.g. testing injection timing ; Cleaning of fuel-injection apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D1/00—Controlling fuel-injection pumps, e.g. of high pressure injection type
    • F02D1/02—Controlling fuel-injection pumps, e.g. of high pressure injection type not restricted to adjustment of injection timing, e.g. varying amount of fuel delivered
    • F02D1/08—Transmission of control impulse to pump control, e.g. with power drive or power assistance
    • F02D2001/082—Transmission of control impulse to pump control, e.g. with power drive or power assistance electric
    • F02D2001/085—Transmission of control impulse to pump control, e.g. with power drive or power assistance electric using solenoids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
    • F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
    • F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
    • F02D41/2432—Methods of calibration
    • F02D41/2435—Methods of calibration characterised by the writing medium, e.g. bar code

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an injection pump unit, consisting of from an injection pump with a control rod adjusted by an actuator and its position by one Position sensor is detected, and from a control unit, which calculates an injection quantity, from this on the basis of stored Characteristic values a target position signal for the quantity-determining link determined and in a position controller by comparing the target position signal with a Actual position signal of the position sensor is a control signal generated for the actuator, with the control path limiting Stops are provided which interact with counter surfaces, at least one of which is arranged such that the corresponding stop outside of the dynamic Adjustment range of the injection quantity touched.
  • the saved Characteristic values give the allocation of injection quantity and path of the control rod depending on engine parameters (for example, the speed of the engine) usually, but not necessarily as a map.
  • From DE-PS 38 30 534 is a method for readjustment a series of actuated by a common operating rod Pump nozzles known to correct the measurement error the position sensor known two fixed stops Distance and the measured values corresponding to these used to correct the following measurements.
  • the position controller to form the Control variable for the control rod determined from the map Target paths always with corrected, i.e. correct, Actual values of the path of the control rod are compared.
  • the map itself based on which from the target injection quantity The target control rod path is calculated, remains entirely untouched.
  • the accuracy of the given setpoint of the position of the quantity-determining link depends on the agreement the map of the injection pump with its actual Delivery behavior, not only from the speed, but also from the back pressure, i.e. from the fuel lines and the resistance in the nozzle, which too scatters, is dependent. Especially with injection pumps for very high injection pressures the influence of the resistance is and the leakage amounts very large and annoying, above all with additional control of the injection rate by temporarily Reduction of injection cross sections.
  • stops are adjustable, and that fixed in the control unit Distances are stored, the counter surfaces at one determined measured injection quantity to corresponding opposite Have attacks.
  • the two stops are not simply used for calibration of the position signal, its effect goes far beyond that.
  • both stops so that they each have the position of the quantity-determining link at one with the associated speed exactly - so already on the pump test bench - correspond to the measured injection quantity (correspond, because the paths around the certain, constant Distances from these), is location and Slope of the individual pump characteristic fully taken into account; that is, through the stops so set the path of the control rod between the two stops of the pump different from pump. That is the individual attitude the pump unit very quickly before installing it and carried out exactly.
  • the control unit can move the control rod at any time the right one for each specified target injection quantity Target position of the control rod and for each signal from the position sensor determine the actual injection quantity.
  • the determined distance between the stops and the appropriate trained counter surfaces ensures that the Movement of the control rod during operation through the stops is not hindered.
  • the control rod must, for example when returning from full load to idle for dynamic reasons below that assigned to idle Can move the injection quantity. It also ensures that the motor is about when the position sensor is short-circuited turns itself off.
  • the one constant distance is previously determined so that the control rod is in a Position for zero funding is when the stops touched.
  • the value of the fixed distances can thus can be selected for an entire pump type. That makes it easier replacing a pump unit because it does is possible without intervention in their control.
  • the certain distance in the setting is easiest by a caliber (one between the stop and the counter surface imported gauge body with the thickness k) fixed; but it could also be by means of a suitable electronic and / or optical device are observed.
  • the determined measured injection quantities are in a first form the idle injection quantity and the maximum Injection quantity (claim 4), in a second it is Injection volumes at two separate part load points (Claim 5).
  • the latter is particularly curved To give preference to the characteristic curves, because in this way the Deviations in the middle part-load range can be minimized.
  • an according to the invention is particularly advantageous designed injection unit in the context of a pump nozzle, each with its own control rod. (Claim 7). Since the pump nozzle already during calibration is composed, the scatter of the Throttle losses are taken into account precisely. So that goes on ensures that each individual cylinder has optimal emissions operated will also deliver its maximum output can. The same applies in the case of plug-in pumps.
  • the invention is also about a method of adjustment an injection pump unit according to the invention, which in is exercised in two ways. First of all for setting at Assembly with subsequent automatic calibration (also called mapping) when combining the injection pump and sensor with the control unit, for example when installing the unit, and subsequently for regular readjustment, about every time the engine is started to during the lifetime to compensate for changes that occur, or to after replacing the injection pump unit, the injection pump, the control unit or the sensor carry out automatic calibration.
  • First of all for setting at Assembly with subsequent automatic calibration (also called mapping) when combining the injection pump and sensor with the control unit, for example when installing the unit, and subsequently for regular readjustment, about every time the engine is started to during the lifetime to compensate for changes that occur, or to after replacing the injection pump unit, the injection pump, the control unit or the sensor carry out automatic calibration.
  • one receives one fully calibrated complete injection pump unit the thanks to the automatic assignment without further settings can be installed in the engine, be it in a new building it as a spare part. This is also the case with a pump nozzle Fine adjustment to the throttling losses of the individual nozzle performed. The workload required for this is limited adjusting the injection quantity on Test bench and the adjustment of the two stops. Of the Command to automatically move to the stops is part of the control program, which is stored in the memory of the control unit is.
  • the injection pump unit shown in Figure 1 exists from an injection pump 1 and a control unit 2.
  • the injection pump 1 becomes a pump piston 3, for example up from a camshaft 4 via a rocker arm 5 moved.
  • the pump piston 3 is by means of a control rod 6, in the example shown it is a in sliding control rod, rotated, whereby by the shape of the in the pump body 7 or on the pump piston 3 arranged control surfaces 8 in a known manner, the injection quantity is adjusted.
  • Injection pump is a pump nozzle that Invention is in the same way but also on an arrangement with injection pump spatially separated from the injection nozzles applicable.
  • the control rod 6 is moved by an actuator 13 which is symbolized by a solenoid coil 14. Furthermore a position sensor 15 is provided, which the control unit 2 a signal ⁇ (arbitrary Dimension, e.g. Voltage, capacitance or frequency).
  • the control unit 2 also receives a load request signal 16, such as from the accelerator pedal of the vehicle, an engine speed signal 17 and various other signals 18 used for the determination of the injection quantity, such as air pressure and temperature.
  • the injection pump 1 is only in plan view pictured.
  • the upper part of the pump piston can be seen 3, the displacement of the control rod 6 for adjustment the injection quantity is rotated.
  • the pump housing 20 are two stops 21.22 arranged adjustable with Interact with counter surfaces 23, 24 on control rod 6.
  • the Stops 21, 22 are preferably provided with threads, so that it is precisely adjusted and then secured against twisting can be what is not shown in detail.
  • Ml idle flow rate
  • the control rod 6 which is approximately the full-load injection quantity M2 is between the stop 22 and the counter surface 24 'a distance k2 (26). This is stated in the functional description come back.
  • the control unit 2 consists of a computer 30, a required injection quantity from load demand signal 16, engine speed signal 17 and the other signals 18 to M calculated, and a control section 31 for the individual injection pump. In the case of individually controllable injection pumps (pump nozzles), there are further such control parts 31 '.
  • the actual position signal coming from the position sensor 15 via the line 36 is compared with the desired position signal and the solenoid 14 is controlled accordingly via a line 37.
  • the control rod path ⁇ is entered on the ordinate and the injection quantity M on the abscissa.
  • the pump characteristic curve which has two characteristic points 41, 42, is designated by 40.
  • 41 is the idle point, corresponding to the idle injection quantity M 1 and the path ⁇ 1 of the control rod
  • 42 is the full load point, corresponding to the full load injection quantity M 2 and the path ⁇ 2 of the control rod.
  • Figures 3 and 4 each show an individual Characteristic curve of an injection pump unit of the same type. The differences in position and slope of the two curves 40 are recognizable, they result from production-related Scattering.
  • the individual pump is located on the pump test bench for calibration ( Figure 4).
  • the idle point 41 is approached at idle speed.
  • the quantity-determining element hereinafter referred to as control rod
  • the stop 21 is set while the control rod is held (double arrow 50) until the distance between it and the counter surface 23 has the previously generally determined and stored in the memory at 38 size k 1 , which is selected such that the delivery rate when the stop is approached directly is equal to or almost zero.
  • the stop 21 is locked.
  • the full load point 42 is approached at a speed suitable for the full load, the stop 22 is adjusted to the distance k 2 and locked.
  • the injection pump itself is now set in a purely mechanical way and is ready for installation.
  • the stop 21 is first approached directly up to the point of contact and the emitted position signal ⁇ 0 is stored . Then the stop 22 is approached directly up to the point of contact and the emitted position signal ⁇ 3 is also stored.
  • the predetermined distances k 1 and k 2 are already or are also stored. This completes the pump unit setting. The predetermined distances k 1 and k 2 are most easily set using a distance gauge.
  • the curve 40 is thus corrected and the injected quantities M 1 , M 2 again correspond to a corrected control rod position ⁇ 1 ', ⁇ 2 '.
  • the intermediate values are then obtained again during operation by linear interpolation.
  • An injection quantity M will then corresponds to a load point 43 on the curve 40, from this is derived by interpolation, as indicated by box 44, a ⁇ to be formed, which can be directly transferred to the position controller 35th There it is compared with the signal ⁇ coming directly from the position sensor 15 and the control rod 6 is adjusted accordingly.
  • the load points 41, 42 can also be (less far) Partial load points separated from each other can be defined. The linear interpolation then causes fewer deviations.
  • the constants k 1 , k 2 are set such that the stops 21, 22 are so far from the operating points 41, 42 (idling and full load) that the curve 40 there Value M o , which is zero funding, has reached. All in all, a system that is easy to calibrate and self-aligning is created, in which full safety and intrinsic safety is guaranteed in all cases.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • High-Pressure Fuel Injection Pump Control (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Steering Control In Accordance With Driving Conditions (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/AT95/00251 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 23, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 23, 1997 PCT Filed Dec. 22, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO96/20339 PCT Pub. Date Jul. 4, 1996A fuel injection pump unit consists of a fuel injection pump (1), in which a quantity-determining member (6) is set by an actuator (13), its position being detected by a position sensor (15), and of a control unit (2) which calculates an injection quantity (M) and from that, using a stored ignition characteristic (33), determines a set value ( beta set) for the quantity-determining member (6). To provide a simple and precise calibration of the pump unit with minimal complexity, there are two adjustable stop faces (21, 22) which delimit the travel of the quantity-determining member (6) and in each case define a position of the quantity-determining member ( beta 1, beta 2) commensurate with a certain measured injection quantity (M1, M2), in each case at a certain distance (k1, k2) from their opposite surfaces (23, 24), at least one of them being selected so that contact is not made with the opposite surface (23, 24) unless the quantity-determining member reaches points outside its dynamic adjustment range for injection quantity.

Description

Die Erfindung handelt von einer Einspritzpumpeneinheit, bestehend aus einer Einspritzpumpe, bei der eine Regelstange von einem Aktuator verstellt und dessen Stellung von einem Positionssensor erfaßt wird, und aus einer Steuereinheit, die eine Einspritzmenge errechnet, aus dieser anhand gespeicherter Kennwerte einen Soll-Stellungssignal für das mengenbestimmende Glied ermittelt und in einem Positionsregler durch Vergleich des Soll-Stellungssignales mit einem Ist-Stellungssignal des Positionssensors ein Steuersignal für den Aktuator erzeugt, wobei den Regelweg begrenzende Anschläge vorgesehen sind, die mit Gegenflächen zusammenwirken, von denen mindestens eine so angeordnet ist, daß sie den entsprechenden Anschlag ausserhalb des dynamischen Verstellbereiches der Einspritzmenge berührt. Die gespeicherten Kennwerte geben die Zuordnung von Einspritzmenge und Weg der Regelstange in Abhängigkeit von Motorkennzahlen (zum Beispiel der Drehzahl des Motors) in der Regel, aber nicht notwendigerweise, als Kennfeld.The invention relates to an injection pump unit, consisting of from an injection pump with a control rod adjusted by an actuator and its position by one Position sensor is detected, and from a control unit, which calculates an injection quantity, from this on the basis of stored Characteristic values a target position signal for the quantity-determining link determined and in a position controller by comparing the target position signal with a Actual position signal of the position sensor is a control signal generated for the actuator, with the control path limiting Stops are provided which interact with counter surfaces, at least one of which is arranged such that the corresponding stop outside of the dynamic Adjustment range of the injection quantity touched. The saved Characteristic values give the allocation of injection quantity and path of the control rod depending on engine parameters (for example, the speed of the engine) usually, but not necessarily as a map.

Aus der DE-PS 38 30 534 ist ein Verfahren zum Nachjustieren einer Reihe von über eine gemeinsame Betätigungsstange betätigter Pumpedüsen bekannt, bei dem zur Korrektur des Meßfehlers des Positionssensors zwei feste Anschläge bekannten Abstandes angefahren und die diesen entsprechenden Meßwerte zur Korrektur der folgenden Meßwerte verwendet werden. Auf diese Weise werden im Positionsregler zur Bildung der Stellgröße für die Regelstange die aus dem Kennfeld ermittelten Sollwege immer mit korrigierten, also richtigen, Istwerten des Weges der Regelstange verglichen. Das Kennfeld selbst, anhand dessen aus der Soll-Einspritzmenge der Soll-Regelstangenweg berechnet wird, bleibt davon gänzlich unberührt.From DE-PS 38 30 534 is a method for readjustment a series of actuated by a common operating rod Pump nozzles known to correct the measurement error the position sensor known two fixed stops Distance and the measured values corresponding to these used to correct the following measurements. On this way in the position controller to form the Control variable for the control rod determined from the map Target paths always with corrected, i.e. correct, Actual values of the path of the control rod are compared. The map itself, based on which from the target injection quantity The target control rod path is calculated, remains entirely untouched.

Weiters ist aus der DE-OS 30 11 595 eine Korrektureinrichtung für ein Kraftstoffzumeßsystem mit Driftkompensation bekannt, bei der der Zusammenhang zwischen Einspritzmenge und Position der Regelstange in einem Betriebspunkt so korrigiert wird, daß das Signal gleich dem zu diesem Punkt ursprünglich gehörenden Sollsignal ist. Im konkreten Fall wird dazu das ursprüngliche Rückmeldesignal auf eine bestimmte Einspritzmenge eingestellt. Der Aufwand ist allerdings erheblich: Die Zuordnung wird während des drehzahlgeregelten Betriebes im Leerlaufpunkt so lange verstellt, bis am Positionsregler der dem jeweiligen Betriebspunkt entsprechende Wert erreicht ist, wozu eine zusätzliche Verstelleinrichtung gebraucht wird. Diese Methode ist zeitaufwendig und erfordert entweder einen komplizierten Geber oder die Aufschaltung eines zusätzlichen Fehlersignales.Furthermore, from DE-OS 30 11 595 a correction device for a fuel metering system with drift compensation known in which the relationship between injection quantity and position of the control rod at an operating point corrected in this way will be that the signal is equal to that originally at this point belonging desired signal. In the specific case the original feedback signal is adjusted to a specific one Injection quantity set. The effort is, however Significant: The assignment is made during the speed-controlled Operation at idle point adjusted until on the position controller corresponding to the respective operating point Value has been reached, for which purpose an additional adjustment device is needed. This method is time consuming and either requires a complicated encoder or the activation of an additional error signal.

Damit wird zwar ein recht genaues Rückmeldesignal erhalten, aber die pumpenspezifische Genauigkeit des Sollwertes für jede einzelne Pumpe (die sich wegen der Fertigungstoleranzen ja von jeder anderen einzelnen Pumpe unterscheidet) ist für eine genaue Positionierung der Regelstange mindestens ebenso wichtig. Diese Unterschiede bleiben hier jedoch unberücksichtigt. Erst ein genaues Rückmeldesignal und ein genauer Sollwert zusammen sichern eine genaue Einstellung der Einspritzmenge. An die zylinderindividuelle Genauigkeit der Einspritzmenge werden bei modernen Dieselmotoren höchste Ansprüche gestellt. Sie ist vor allem erforderlich, um die Luftzahl und damit die Emissionen in engen Grenzen zu halten, und um die maximal zulässige Leistung, bei Einzeleinspritzpumpen die eines jeden Zylinders, voll auszuschöpfen. Da es für die Minimierung der Emission von NOX und von Rauch entgegengesetzter Maßnahmen bedarf und da das Optimum nur in einem sehr engen Luftzahlbereich erreicht wird, ist die Bedeutung einer genauen Einspritzmengenregelung für die Minimierung von Emissionen, bei der ggf auch die Auspuffgasrückführung (EGR) richtig und genau gesteuert werden muß, besonders groß.A very precise feedback signal is thus obtained, but the pump specific accuracy of the setpoint for every single pump (which is due to manufacturing tolerances different from every other single pump) for an exact positioning of the control rod at least just as important. However, these differences are not taken into account here. First an exact feedback signal and a exact setpoint together ensure an exact setting the injection quantity. The cylinder-specific accuracy the injection quantity in modern diesel engines the highest demands. Above all, it is necessary the air ratio and thus the emissions within narrow limits and to maintain the maximum permissible output with single injection pumps to fully utilize that of each cylinder. As it is for minimizing the emission of NOX and of smoke counter measures and because that Optimum achieved only in a very narrow air ratio range is the importance of precise injection quantity control for the minimization of emissions, where applicable also Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) controlled correctly and accurately must be particularly large.

Die Genauigkeit des vorgegebenen Sollwertes der Stellung des mengenbestimmenden Gliedes hängt aber von der Übereinstimmung des Kennfeldes der Einspritzpumpe mit deren tatsächlichem Förderverhalten ab, das nicht nur von der Drehzahl, sondern auch vom Gegendruck, also von den Brennstoffleitungen und vom Widerstand in der Düse, der ebenfalls streut, abhängig ist. Vor allem bei Einspritzpumpen für sehr hohe Einspritzdrücke ist der Einfluß des Widerstandes und der Leckmengen sehr groß und störend, vor allem bei zusätzlicher Steuerung der Einspritzrate durch zeitweise Reduktion der Einspritzquerschnitte.The accuracy of the given setpoint of the position of the quantity-determining link depends on the agreement the map of the injection pump with its actual Delivery behavior, not only from the speed, but also from the back pressure, i.e. from the fuel lines and the resistance in the nozzle, which too scatters, is dependent. Especially with injection pumps for very high injection pressures the influence of the resistance is and the leakage amounts very large and annoying, above all with additional control of the injection rate by temporarily Reduction of injection cross sections.

Normalerweise wird daher vor dem Einbau jede Pumpe durchgemessen, ein Anschlag eingestellt und ein einheitlicher Korrekturwert verwendet. Dieser Korrekturwert berücksichtigt zwar die Lage, nicht aber die Steigung der jeweiligen Pumpenkennlinie. Die einzelnen Pumpen liegen somit immer noch in einem weiten Toleranzfeld, das nicht berücksichtigt werden kann. Man kann zwar noch nach Kategorien sortieren und für die einzelnen Kategorien einheitliche Korrekturwerte verwenden. Letzteres bringt bei erhöhtem Aufwand aber nur eine graduelle Verbesserung. Beim Austausch einzelner Pumpen bzw Düsen stimmen dann die gewählten Korrekturwerte nicht mehr, was zu Problemen führt. Diese bekannten Methoden sind daher zu ungenau zur Minimierung der Emissionen und verursachen Probleme beim Austausch einzelner Pumpeneinheiten. Normally, therefore, every pump is measured before installation, one stop set and one unified Correction value used. This correction value is taken into account the location, but not the slope of the respective one Pump characteristic. The individual pumps are always there still in a wide tolerance range that does not take into account can be. You can still sort by categories and uniform correction values for the individual categories use. The latter brings with increased effort just a gradual improvement. When exchanging individuals Pumps and nozzles then match the selected correction values no longer, which leads to problems. These well-known methods are therefore too imprecise to minimize emissions and cause problems when replacing individual pump units.

Es ist somit Ziel der Erfindung, eine Einspritzpumpeneinheit so auszubilden und zu betreiben, daß mit geringstem Aufwand eine einfache und genaue Kalibrierung der Pumpeneinheit beim Einbau sowie deren selbsttätige Justierung bzw spätere Nachjustierung möglich ist.It is therefore the object of the invention to provide an injection pump unit to train and operate with the least Simple and accurate calibration of the pump unit during installation and their automatic adjustment or later readjustment is possible.

Erfindungsgemäß wird das dadurch erreicht, daß die Anschläge einstellbar sind, und daß in der Steuereinheit feste Abstände gespeichert sind, die Gegenflächen bei einer bestimmten gemessenen Einspritzmenge zu entsprechenden gegenüberliegenden Anschlägen haben.According to the invention this is achieved in that the stops are adjustable, and that fixed in the control unit Distances are stored, the counter surfaces at one determined measured injection quantity to corresponding opposite Have attacks.

Die beiden Anschläge dienen nicht einfach der Kalibrierung des Positionssignales, ihre Wirkung geht weit darüber hinaus. Dadurch, daß beide Anschläge so eingestellt werden, daß sie jeweils der Stellung des mengenbestimmenden Gliedes bei einer bei der zugehörigen Drehzahl genau - also bereits am Pumpenprüfstand - gemessenen Einspritzmenge entsprechen (entsprechen, weil sich die Wege um die bestimmten, konstanten Abstände von diesen unterscheiden), ist Lage und Steigung der individuellen Pumpenkennlinie voll berücksichtigt; das heisst, durch die so eingestellten Anschläge ist der Weg der Regelstange zwischen beiden Anschlägen von Pumpe zu Pumpe verschieden. So ist die individuelle Einstellung der Pumpeneinheit noch vor deren Einbau sehr schnell und genau vollzogen.The two stops are not simply used for calibration of the position signal, its effect goes far beyond that. By setting both stops so that they each have the position of the quantity-determining link at one with the associated speed exactly - so already on the pump test bench - correspond to the measured injection quantity (correspond, because the paths around the certain, constant Distances from these), is location and Slope of the individual pump characteristic fully taken into account; that is, through the stops so set the path of the control rod between the two stops of the pump different from pump. That is the individual attitude the pump unit very quickly before installing it and carried out exactly.

Da weiters die Zuordnung zwischen der Differenz der Ausgangssignale des Positionssensors und dem Weg des mengenbestimmenden Gliedes bekannt ist, ist auch bekannt, welche Signaldifferenz dem konstanten Abstand entspricht. Da dieser viel kleiner als der gesamte Weg des mengenbestimmenden Gliedes ist, braucht die Zuordnung zwischen der Differenz der Ausgangssignale des Positionssensors und dem Weg des mengenbestimmenden Gliedes nicht sehr genau sein bzw braucht der Sensor selbst nicht sehr genau sein. Then there is the assignment between the difference in the output signals of the position sensor and the way of determining the quantity Known member is also known which Signal difference corresponds to the constant distance. There this much smaller than the entire way of determining quantity Is limb needs the assignment between the difference the output signals of the position sensor and the path of the quantity determining link is not very precise or the sensor itself does not need to be very precise.

Wenn die solcherart eingestellte Pumpeneinheit nun in den Motor eingebaut wird, brauchen nur mehr die den beiden Anschlägen entsprechenden Signale des Positionssensors und die konstanten Abstände dem Steuergerät mitgeteilt und dort gespeichert zu werden. Damit ist die Einstellung der Pumpeneinheit vollendet. Aus den beiden letzteren Signalen, aus den konstanten Abständen und aus der Zuordnung Signaldifferenz zu Weg der Regelstange kann das Steuergerät jederzeit zu jeder vorgegebenen Soll-Einspritzmenge die richtige Soll-Lage der Regelstange und zu jedem Signal des Positionssensors die tatsächliche Einspritzmenge ermitteln.If the pump unit set in this way is now in the Engine is installed, only the two need more Stops corresponding signals from the position sensor and the constant distances communicated to the control unit and there to be saved. This is the setting of the pump unit accomplished. From the latter two signals, from the constant distances and from the assignment of signal difference The control unit can move the control rod at any time the right one for each specified target injection quantity Target position of the control rod and for each signal from the position sensor determine the actual injection quantity.

Der bestimmte Abstand zwischen den Anschlägen und den geeignet ausgebildeten Gegenflächen stellt sicher, daß die Bewegung der Regelstange im Betrieb durch die Anschläge nicht behindert wird. Die Regelstange muß sich ja beispielsweise beim Zurückgehen von Vollast in den Leerlauf aus dynamischen Gründen unter die dem Leerlauf zugeordnete Einspritzmenge bewegen können. Außerdem ist dadurch sichergestellt, daß sich der Motor etwa bei Kurzschluß des Positionssensors selbst abstellt. Der eine konstante Abstand wird vorher so festgelegt, daß die Regelstange sich in einer Stellung für Nullförderung befindet, wenn sie die Anschläge berührt. Der Wert der festen Abstände kann somit für einen ganzen Pumpentyp gleich gewählt werden. Das erleichtert den Austausch einer Pumpeneinheit, weil er dadurch ohne Eingriff in deren Steuerung möglich ist. Die Zuordnung zwischen Steuerung und Einspritzpumpe erfolgt beim ersten routinemäßigen Abtasten der Anschläge von selbst.The determined distance between the stops and the appropriate trained counter surfaces ensures that the Movement of the control rod during operation through the stops is not hindered. The control rod must, for example when returning from full load to idle for dynamic reasons below that assigned to idle Can move the injection quantity. It also ensures that the motor is about when the position sensor is short-circuited turns itself off. The one constant distance is previously determined so that the control rod is in a Position for zero funding is when the stops touched. The value of the fixed distances can thus can be selected for an entire pump type. That makes it easier replacing a pump unit because it does is possible without intervention in their control. The assignment between control and injection pump at first routine sampling of the stops by itself.

Der bestimmte Abstand bei der Einstellung wird am einfachsten durch ein Kaliber (einen zwischen Anschlag und Gegenfläche eingeführten Lehrenkörper mit der Dicke k) festgelegt; er könnte aber auch mittels einer geeigneten elektronischen und/oder optischen Vorrichtung eingehalten werden. The certain distance in the setting is easiest by a caliber (one between the stop and the counter surface imported gauge body with the thickness k) fixed; but it could also be by means of a suitable electronic and / or optical device are observed.

Bei Einspritzpumpen, bei denen konstruktionsbedingt der Einspritzdruck bereits vor Erreichen der maximalen Einspritzmenge abfällt, braucht nur der Anschlag für die kleinere gemessene Einspritzmenge ausserhalb des dynamischen Verstellbereiches seiner Gegenfläche zu liegen (Anspruch 2).In the case of injection pumps in which the Injection pressure before the maximum injection quantity is reached drops, only the stop for the smaller one needs measured injection quantity outside the dynamic Adjustment range of its counter surface (claim 2).

Es ist bei der Bauweise der üblichen Einspritzpumpeneinheiten vorteilhaft, weil einfacher und praktischer, die verstellbaren Anschläge ortsfest und die mit ihnen zusammenwirkenden Gegenflächen am mengenbestimmenden Glied auszubilden (Anspruch 3).It is in the construction of the usual injection pump units advantageous because the simpler and more practical, the adjustable Fixed stops and those that interact with them Form counter surfaces on the quantity-determining link (Claim 3).

In einer ersten Form sind die bestimmten gemessenen Einspritzmengen die Leerlaufeinspritzmenge und die maximale Einspritzmenge (Anspruch 4), in einer zweiten sind es die Einspritzmengen in zwei voneinander entfernten Teillastpunkten (Anspruch 5). Letzterem ist bei besonders stark gekrümmten Kennlinien der Vorzug zu geben, weil dadurch die Abweichungen im mittleren Teillastbereich minimiert werden.The determined measured injection quantities are in a first form the idle injection quantity and the maximum Injection quantity (claim 4), in a second it is Injection volumes at two separate part load points (Claim 5). The latter is particularly curved To give preference to the characteristic curves, because in this way the Deviations in the middle part-load range can be minimized.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung kann das einer individuellen Einspritzpumpe angepaßte Kennfeld durch eine theoretisch ermittelte Kennlinie ersetzt sein (Anspruch 6). Da durch die erfindungsgemäße Gestaltung und Anwendung der Anschläge ein Strecken bzw. Stauchen und Verdrehen des Kennfeldes möglich ist, können individuelle Unterschiede auf diese Weise im Wege der Kalibrierung ausgeglichen werden. Dadurch wird Kalibrierung und Justierung bei weitestgehender Wahrung der Genauigkeit besonders einfach.In a further development of the invention, that of an individual Injection pump adapted map by a theoretically determined characteristic may be replaced (claim 6). Thereby the design and application of the attacks according to the invention a stretching or compression and twisting of the map possible, individual differences on this Be balanced by calibration. Thereby calibration and adjustment with the greatest possible respect accuracy is particularly easy.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist die Anwendung einer erfindungsgemäß ausgestalteten Einspritzeinheit im Rahmen einer Pumpedüse, wobei jede über ihre eigene Regelstange verfügt. (Anspruch 7). Da bei der Kalibrierung die Pumpedüse bereits zusammengesetzt ist, kann so auch gleich die Streuung der Drosselverluste genau berücksichtigt werden. Damit ist weiter sichergestellt, daß jeder einzelne Zylinder emissionsoptimal betrieben wird auch seine maximale Leistung abgeben kann. Dasselbe gilt im Falle von Einsteckpumpen.The use of an according to the invention is particularly advantageous designed injection unit in the context of a pump nozzle, each with its own control rod. (Claim 7). Since the pump nozzle already during calibration is composed, the scatter of the Throttle losses are taken into account precisely. So that goes on ensures that each individual cylinder has optimal emissions operated will also deliver its maximum output can. The same applies in the case of plug-in pumps.

Die Erfindung handelt auch von einem Verfahren zum Einstellen einer erfindungsgemäßen Einspritzpumpeneinheit, das in zweierlei Weise ausgeübt wird. Zuerst zum Einstellen beim Zusammenbau mit nachfolgendem selbsttätigem Kalibrieren (auch Zuordnen genannt) beim Vereinigen von Einspritzpumpe und Sensor mit dem Steuergerät, etwa beim Einbau der Einheit, und in der Folge zur regelmäßigen Nachjustierung, etwa bei jedem neuen Start des Motors, um während der Lebensdauer auftretende Veränderungen auszugleichen, oder um nach dem Auswechseln der Einspritzpumpeneinheit, der Einspritzpumpe, der Steuereinheit oder des Sensors eine selbsttätige Eichung vorzunehmen.The invention is also about a method of adjustment an injection pump unit according to the invention, which in is exercised in two ways. First of all for setting at Assembly with subsequent automatic calibration (also called mapping) when combining the injection pump and sensor with the control unit, for example when installing the unit, and subsequently for regular readjustment, about every time the engine is started to during the lifetime to compensate for changes that occur, or to after replacing the injection pump unit, the injection pump, the control unit or the sensor carry out automatic calibration.

Wenn gemäß Anspruch 8 vorgegangen wird, erhält man eine fertig kalibrierte komplette Einspritzpumpeneinheit, die dank der selbsttätigen Zuordnung ohne weitere Einstellungen in den Motor eingebaut werden kann, sei es beim Neubau, sei es als Ersatzteil. Bei einer Pumpedüse ist damit auch die Feinanpassung an die Drosselverluste der individuellen Düse vorgenommen. Der dazu erforderliche Arbeitsaufwand beschränkt sich auf das Einstellen der Einspritzmenge am Prüfstand und auf die Verstellung der beiden Anschläge. Der Befehl zum selbsttätigen Anfahren der Anschläge ist Teil des Steuerprogrammes, das im Speicher der Steuereinheit abgelegt ist.If one proceeds according to claim 8, one receives one fully calibrated complete injection pump unit, the thanks to the automatic assignment without further settings can be installed in the engine, be it in a new building it as a spare part. This is also the case with a pump nozzle Fine adjustment to the throttling losses of the individual nozzle performed. The workload required for this is limited adjusting the injection quantity on Test bench and the adjustment of the two stops. Of the Command to automatically move to the stops is part of the control program, which is stored in the memory of the control unit is.

Eine derartig kalibrierte Pumpeneinheit wird dann auch im Fahrzeug auf Grund des einprogrammierten Befehles immer wieder durch Anfahren der Anschläge nachjustiert (Anspruch 9), um vor allem Änderungen des Positionssensors (Alterung, Drift) auszugleichen, dadurch wird die Pumpeneinheit selbsteichend. Da sich solche Änderungen nur langsam vollziehen, ist die Nachjustierung nicht bei jedem Startvorgang nötig.Such a calibrated pump unit is then also in the Vehicle always on the basis of the programmed command readjusted again by approaching the stops (claim 9) in order to change the position sensor (aging, Drift) to compensate, this will make the pump unit self-adjusting. Because such changes are slow, is not the readjustment with every starting process necessary.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Abbildungen beschrieben und erklärt. Es stellen dar:

Fig.1:
Schematisch eine für die Anwendung der Erfindung geeignete Pumpeneinheit;
Fig.2:
Dieselbe Pumpeneinheit wie in Fig.1 in Draufsicht, gemäß der Erfindung ausgebildet;
Fig.3:
Eine Kennlinie aus dem Kennfeld einer individuellen Pumpe;
Fig.4:
Eine Kennlinie aus dem Kennfeld einer gleichartigen, aber anderen individuellen Pumpe bei der Kalibrierung vor dem Einbau; und
Fig.5:
Dieselbe Kennlinie wie in Fig.4, jedoch bei der späteren Nachjustierung.
The invention is described and explained below with the aid of figures. They represent:
Fig.1:
Schematically a pump unit suitable for the application of the invention;
Fig. 2:
The same pump unit as in Figure 1 in plan view, designed according to the invention;
Fig. 3:
A characteristic curve from the characteristic diagram of an individual pump;
Fig. 4:
A characteristic curve from the characteristic diagram of a similar but different individual pump during calibration before installation; and
Fig. 5:
The same characteristic curve as in Fig. 4, but for later readjustment.

Die in Figur 1 dargestellte Einspritzpumpeneinheit besteht aus einer Einspritzpumpe 1 und einer Steuereinheit 2. In der Einspritzpumpe 1 wird ein Pumpenkolben 3 beispielsweise von einer Nockenwelle 4 aus über einen Kipphebel 5 auf- und abbewegt. Der Pumpenkolben 3 ist mittels einer Regelstange 6, im dargestellten Beispiel handelt es sich um eine in sich verschiebbare Regelstange, in Drehung versetzt, wobei durch die Form der im Pumpenkörper 7 oder am Pumpenkolben 3 angeordneten Steuerflächen 8 in bekannter Weise die Einspritzmenge verstellt wird. An den Pumpenkörper 7 schließt im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel unten gleich eine Einspritzdüse 9 an, die den Einspritzverlauf beeinflußenden Drosselstellen sind mit 10 bezeichnet. Bei der dargestellten Einspritzpumpe handelt es sich um eine Pumpedüse, die Erfindung ist in derselben Weise aber auch auf eine Anordnung mit von den Einspritzdüsen räumlich getrennter Einspritzpumpe anwendbar. The injection pump unit shown in Figure 1 exists from an injection pump 1 and a control unit 2. In the injection pump 1 becomes a pump piston 3, for example up from a camshaft 4 via a rocker arm 5 moved. The pump piston 3 is by means of a control rod 6, in the example shown it is a in sliding control rod, rotated, whereby by the shape of the in the pump body 7 or on the pump piston 3 arranged control surfaces 8 in a known manner, the injection quantity is adjusted. Closes the pump body 7 in the embodiment shown below, an injection nozzle 9, which influence the course of the injection Throttling points are designated by 10. In the illustrated Injection pump is a pump nozzle that Invention is in the same way but also on an arrangement with injection pump spatially separated from the injection nozzles applicable.

Die Regelstange 6 wird von einem Aktuator 13 bewegt, der durch eine Solenoidspule 14 versinnbildlicht ist. Weiters ist ein Positionssensor 15 vorgesehen, der der Steuereinheit 2 ein den Stellweg beschreibendes Signal β (beliebiger Dimension, z.B. Spannung, Kapazität oder Frequenz) liefert. Die Steuereinheit 2 erhält weiters ein Lastanforderungssignal 16, etwa vom Gaspedal des Fahrzeuges, ein Motordrehzahlsignal 17 und diverse andere Signale 18, die zur Ermittlung der Einspritzmenge benötigt werden, etwa Luftdruck und Temperatur.The control rod 6 is moved by an actuator 13 which is symbolized by a solenoid coil 14. Furthermore a position sensor 15 is provided, which the control unit 2 a signal β (arbitrary Dimension, e.g. Voltage, capacitance or frequency). The control unit 2 also receives a load request signal 16, such as from the accelerator pedal of the vehicle, an engine speed signal 17 and various other signals 18 used for the determination of the injection quantity, such as air pressure and temperature.

In Figur 2 ist die Einspritzpumpe 1 nur mehr in Draufsicht abgebildet. Erkennbar ist der obere Teil des Pumpenkolbens 3, der durch Verschiebung der Regelstange 6 zur Verstellung der Einspritzmenge verdreht wird. In dem Pumpengehäuse 20 sind zwei Anschläge 21,22 einstellbar angeordnet, die mit Gegenflächen 23,24 an der Regelstange 6 zusammenwirken. Die Anschläge 21,22 sind vorzugsweise mit Gewinden versehen, sodaß sie genau verstellt und dann gegen Verdrehen gesichert werden können, was im Detail nicht dargestellt ist. In der in Vollinie gezeichneten Stellung, sie entspricht etwa der Leerlauffördermenge Ml, besteht zwischen der Gegenfläche 23 der Regelstange 6 und dem Anschlag 21 ein Abstand k1 (25). In der strichliert eingezeichneten Stellung 6' der Regelstange 6, die etwa der Vollasteinspritzmenge M2 entspricht, ist zwischen dem Anschlag 22 und der Gegenfläche 24' ein Abstand k2 (26). Darauf wird in der Funktionsbeschreibung zurückgekommen.In Figure 2, the injection pump 1 is only in plan view pictured. The upper part of the pump piston can be seen 3, the displacement of the control rod 6 for adjustment the injection quantity is rotated. In the pump housing 20 are two stops 21.22 arranged adjustable with Interact with counter surfaces 23, 24 on control rod 6. The Stops 21, 22 are preferably provided with threads, so that it is precisely adjusted and then secured against twisting can be what is not shown in detail. In the position drawn in full line, it corresponds about the idle flow rate Ml, exists between the counter surface 23 of the control rod 6 and the stop 21 a distance k1 (25). In the position shown in dashed lines 6 'of the control rod 6, which is approximately the full-load injection quantity M2 is between the stop 22 and the counter surface 24 'a distance k2 (26). This is stated in the functional description come back.

Die Steuereinheit 2 besteht aus einem Rechner 30, der aus Lastanforderungsignal 16, Drehzahlsignal 17 und den anderen Signalen 18 eine erforderliche Einspritzmenge Msoll berechnet, und aus einem Steuerteil 31 für die einzelne Einspritzpumpe. Im Falle von einzeln ansteuerbaren Einspritzpumpen (Pumpedüsen) sind noch weitere solche Steuerteile 31' vorhanden. Die im Rechner 30 ermittelte benötigte Einspritzmenge Msoll wird über die Leitung 32 der Einheit 33 des Steuerteiles 31 mitgeteilt, die daraus unter Benutzung einer Pumpenkennlinie 40 (die eine allgemeine oder nur durch wenige Punkte ausgedrückte sein kann) ein Sollsignal βsoll für den Weg der Regelstange 6 ermittelt und über die Leitung 34 dem Positionsregler 35 mitteilt. In diesem wird das über die Leitung 36 vom Positionssensor 15 kommende Ist-Positionssignal mit dem Soll-Positionssignal verglichen und über eine Leitung 37 das Solenoid 14 entsprechend gesteuert.The control unit 2 consists of a computer 30, a required injection quantity from load demand signal 16, engine speed signal 17 and the other signals 18 to M calculated, and a control section 31 for the individual injection pump. In the case of individually controllable injection pumps (pump nozzles), there are further such control parts 31 '. The determined in the calculator 30 required injection amount M to be communicated via the line 32 to the unit 33 of the control part 31 thereof (which may be a general or expressed only by a few pixels) using a pump curve 40 β, a target signal to the path of Control rod 6 is determined and communicated to position controller 35 via line 34. In this, the actual position signal coming from the position sensor 15 via the line 36 is compared with the desired position signal and the solenoid 14 is controlled accordingly via a line 37.

Schließlich ist in 38 noch ein Speicher vorhanden, der auf das vom Positionssensor 15 kommende Signal Zugriff hat und der auch mit der Einheit 33 über die Datenleitung 39 in Verbindung steht, um die Pumpenkennlinie 40 den beim Anfahren beider Anschläge festgestellten Gegebenheiten zu verschieben und zu verdrehen, sie der Stuerung zuzuordnen. Den Befehl zum Anfahren der Anschläge übermittelt der in 38 enthaltene Speicher dem Positionsregler 35 über die Leitung 46. Die dargestellten Blöcke 33,35,38 sind nicht unbedingt als getrennte Funktionseinheiten zu verstehen, es kann sich auch um Programmmoduln einer speicherprogrammierbaren Steuerung handeln.Finally, in 38 there is still a memory that is on the signal coming from the position sensor 15 has access and which is also connected to the unit 33 via the data line 39 in Connection is made to the pump characteristic curve 40 when starting to postpone both conditions and to twist them to assign the control. The The command to move to the stops transmits the in 38 contained memory the position controller 35 via the line 46. The blocks 33, 35, 38 shown are not necessarily to understand as separate functional units, it can also around program modules of a programmable logic controller Act control.

In den Diagrammen der Figuren 3,4 und 5 ist auf der Ordinate der Regelstangenweg β und auf der Abszisse die Einspritzmenge M eingetragen. Mit 40 ist die Pumpenkennlinie bezeichnet, die zwei charakteristische Punkte 41,42 aufweist. 41 ist der Leerlaufpunkt, entsprechend der Leerlaufeinspritzmenge M1 und dem Weg β1 der Regelstange und 42 ist der Vollastpunkt, entsprechend der Vollasteinspritzmenge M2 und dem Weg β2 der Regelstange.In the diagrams in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, the control rod path β is entered on the ordinate and the injection quantity M on the abscissa. The pump characteristic curve, which has two characteristic points 41, 42, is designated by 40. 41 is the idle point, corresponding to the idle injection quantity M 1 and the path β 1 of the control rod, and 42 is the full load point, corresponding to the full load injection quantity M 2 and the path β 2 of the control rod.

Die Figuren 3 und 4 zeigen zunächst jeweils eine individuelle Kennlinie einer Einspritzpumpeneinheit desselben Typs. Die Unterschiede in Lage und Steigung der beiden Kurven 40 sind erkennbar, sie ergeben sich aus fertigungsbedingten Streuungen. Figures 3 and 4 each show an individual Characteristic curve of an injection pump unit of the same type. The differences in position and slope of the two curves 40 are recognizable, they result from production-related Scattering.

Diese Unterschiede werden bei der erfindungsgemäßen Einheit und durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren erkannt und voll kompensiert. Das wird nun anhand der Figuren 4 und 5 beschrieben:These differences become apparent in the unit according to the invention and recognized by the inventive method and full compensated. This will now be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5:

Die individuelle Pumpe befindet sich zum Kalibrieren am Pumpenprüfstand (Figur 4). Zuerst wird der Leerlaufpunkt 41 bei Leerlaufdrehzahl angefahren. Dazu wird das mengenbestimmende Glied (im folgenden Regelstange genannt) verschoben, bis die Leerlaufeinspritzmenge M1 erreicht ist. Sodann wird bei festgehaltener Regelstange der Anschlag 21 eingestellt (Doppelpfeil 50), bis der Abstand zwischen ihm und der Gegenfläche 23 die vorher allgemein ermittelte und im Speicher bei 38 abgelegte Größe k1 hat, die so gewählt ist, daß die Fördermenge bei direkt angefahrenem Anschlag gleich oder beinahe Null ist. In dieser Stellung wird der Anschlag 21 arretiert. In gleicher Weise wird der Vollastpunkt 42 bei zur Vollast passender Drehzahl angefahren, der Anschlag 22 auf den Abstand k2 verstellt und arretiert. Die Einspritzpumpe selbst ist nun auf rein mechanischem Weg eingestellt und einbaufertig.The individual pump is located on the pump test bench for calibration (Figure 4). First, the idle point 41 is approached at idle speed. For this purpose, the quantity-determining element (hereinafter referred to as control rod) is shifted until the idle injection quantity M 1 is reached. Then the stop 21 is set while the control rod is held (double arrow 50) until the distance between it and the counter surface 23 has the previously generally determined and stored in the memory at 38 size k 1 , which is selected such that the delivery rate when the stop is approached directly is equal to or almost zero. In this position, the stop 21 is locked. In the same way, the full load point 42 is approached at a speed suitable for the full load, the stop 22 is adjusted to the distance k 2 and locked. The injection pump itself is now set in a purely mechanical way and is ready for installation.

Sobald sie mit dem Sensor 15 und Steuergerät 2 vereint ist, das kann in einem späteren Stadium des Zusammenbaues oder erst beim Einbau in den Motor und beim späteren Nachjustieren sein, wird zuerst der Anschlag 21 direkt bis zur Berührung angefahren und das abgegebene Positionssignal β0 gespeichert. Dann wird der Anschlag 22 direkt bis zur Berührung angefahren und das abgegebene Positionssignal β3 ebenfalls gespeichert. Die im voraus festgelegten Abstände k1 und k2 sind bereits oder werden ebenfalls gespeichert. Damit ist die Einstellung der Pumpeneinheit vollendet. Die im voraus festgelegten Abstände k1 und k2 werden am einfachsten mittels einer Abstandslehre eingestellt. As soon as it is combined with the sensor 15 and the control unit 2, which can be in a later stage of assembly or only when installing in the engine and during subsequent readjustment, the stop 21 is first approached directly up to the point of contact and the emitted position signal β 0 is stored . Then the stop 22 is approached directly up to the point of contact and the emitted position signal β 3 is also stored. The predetermined distances k 1 and k 2 are already or are also stored. This completes the pump unit setting. The predetermined distances k 1 and k 2 are most easily set using a distance gauge.

Aus den beiden Positionssignalen β0, β3, aus den konstanten Abständen k1,k2 und aus der Zuordnung zwischen Differenz der Sensorsignale und tatsächlichem Weg der Regelstange kann das Steuergerät die den Einspritzmengen M1 und M2 zugeordneten Sensorsignale β1 und β2 und jederzeit zu jeder Einspritzmenge Msoll das richtige Soll-Positionssignal βsoll der Regelstange, oder umgekehrt zu jedem Sensorsignal die tatsächliche Einspritzmenge ermitteln. Die Einstellung der Kennlinie 40 in 33 ist somit unter Berücksichtigung des gegebenenfalls fehlerbehafteten Positionssignales erfolgt, wodurch sich eine getrennte Korrektur des Sensorsignales β erübrigt.Β from the two position signals 0, β 3, from the constant intervals k 1, k 2, and from the relationship between the difference of the sensor signals and the actual path of the control rod, the control unit, the injection amounts of M 1 and M 2 associated sensor signals β 1 and β 2 and at any time at any injection quantity M, the correct target position signal β to the rack, or vice versa determine the actual injection quantity for each sensor signal. The setting of the characteristic curve 40 in FIG. 33 has thus been made taking into account the possibly faulty position signal, as a result of which a separate correction of the sensor signal β is unnecessary.

Anhand der Figur 5 wird jetzt das später immer wieder durchgeführte Nachjustieren der Einspritzpumpeneinheit erläutert, obwohl es dem Zuordnen bei der Ersteinstellung gleicht. Dazu wird bei Inbetriebnahme vor dem Starten des Motors die Regelstange 6 vom Aktuator 13 nacheinander in beide Richtungen bewegt, jeweils bis sie mit ihrer Kontaktfläche 23,24 den entsprechenden Anschlag 21,22 berührt. Die Signale des Positionssensors 15 bei Berührung der beiden Anschläge 21,22, (β0', β3') unterscheiden sich nun von den bei der ursprünglichen Kalibrierung gemessenen und im Speicher 38 abgelegten, wenn sich seit der Kalibrierung bzw seit einer früheren Nachjustierung beispielsweise das Verhalten des Sensors 15 geändert hat. Da sich der entsprechende Anschlag nicht verstellt hat, wird dem Leerlaufpunkt 41 ein neues Positionssignal β1' und dem Vollastpunkt 42 ein neues Positionssignal β2" zugeordnet.The readjustment of the injection pump unit, which is carried out again and again later, is now explained on the basis of FIG. 5, although it is the same as the assignment during the initial setting. For this purpose, the control rod 6 is moved in succession by the actuator 13 in both directions when starting up the engine, until it contacts the corresponding stop 21, 22 with its contact surface 23, 24. The signals of the position sensor 15 when the two stops 21, 22, (β 0 ', β 3 ') touch now differ from those measured during the original calibration and stored in the memory 38 if, for example, since the calibration or since an earlier readjustment the behavior of the sensor 15 has changed. Since the corresponding stop has not changed, the idle point 41 is assigned a new position signal β 1 'and the full load point 42 a new position signal β 2 ".

Damit ist die Kurve 40 korrigiert und es entspricht den Einspritzmengen M1, M2 wieder eine korrigierte Regelstangenstellung β1',β2'. Die Zwischenwerte werden dann im Betrieb wieder durch lineare Interpolation gewonnen. Einer Einspritzmenge Msoll entspricht dann ein Lastpunkt 43 auf der Kennlinie 40, aus diesem wird durch Interpolation, was durch das Kästchen 44 angedeutet ist, ein βsoll gebildet, das direkt an den Positionsregler 35 weitergegeben werden kann. Dort wird es mit dem direkt vom Positionssensor 15 kommenden Signal β verglichen und die Regelstange 6 entsprechend verstellt.The curve 40 is thus corrected and the injected quantities M 1 , M 2 again correspond to a corrected control rod position β 1 ', β 2 '. The intermediate values are then obtained again during operation by linear interpolation. An injection quantity M will then corresponds to a load point 43 on the curve 40, from this is derived by interpolation, as indicated by box 44, a β to be formed, which can be directly transferred to the position controller 35th There it is compared with the signal β coming directly from the position sensor 15 and the control rod 6 is adjusted accordingly.

Wenn bei einem Pumpentyp die Kennlinie 40 zu stark gekrümmt ist, die lineare Interpolation also zu Abweichungen führen würde, können die Lastpunkte 41,42 auch als (weniger weit) voneinander entfernte Teillastpunkte definiert werden. Die lineare Interpolation verursacht dann geringere Abweichungen.If the characteristic curve 40 is too strongly curved for a pump type linear interpolation leads to deviations the load points 41, 42 can also be (less far) Partial load points separated from each other can be defined. The linear interpolation then causes fewer deviations.

Weiters ist in den Figuren 4 und 5 zu erkennen, daß die Konstanten k1,k2 so gelegt sind, daß die Anschläge 21,22 soweit von den Betriebspunkten 41,42 (Leerlauf und Vollast) entfernt liegen, daß die Kurve 40 dort den Wert Mo, das ist Nullförderung, erreicht hat. Insgesamt ist so ein einfachst zu kalibrierendes und selbstjustierendes System geschaffen, bei dem die volle Sicherheit und Eigensicherheit auf alle Fälle gewahrt bleibt.Furthermore, it can be seen in FIGS. 4 and 5 that the constants k 1 , k 2 are set such that the stops 21, 22 are so far from the operating points 41, 42 (idling and full load) that the curve 40 there Value M o , which is zero funding, has reached. All in all, a system that is easy to calibrate and self-aligning is created, in which full safety and intrinsic safety is guaranteed in all cases.

Claims (9)

  1. Fuel injection pump unit, comprising a fuel injection pump (1) wherein a control rod (6) is displaced by an actuator (13) and its position monitored by a position pickup (15), and a control unit (2) which calculates an injection rate (Msoll), from which injection rate a signal (βsoll) representative of a desired position of the control rod (6) is determined using stored caracteristic values (33), and a control signal for the actuator (13) is generated by a position controller (35) by comparing the desired control rod position signal (βsoll) with an actual position signal (β) furnished by the position pickup (15), stop means (21,22) limiting the course of the control rod (6) cooperating with stop faces (23,24) and at least one of which being located so as to strike the corresponding stop means (21,22) outside the dynamic control range of the injection rate (M1,M2), caracterized in that the stop means (21,22) are adjustable and in that fixed distances (k1,k2) are stored in the control unit (2), the fixed distances (k1,k2) being the distances between the stop means (21,22) and stop faces (23,24) and corresponding to measured injection rates.
  2. Fuel injection pump unit according to claim 1, caracterized in that the stop means (21) cooperating with the stop face (23) outside the dynamic control range is the stop means (21) for the smaller of the measured injection rates.
  3. Fuel injection pump unit according to claim 1, caracterized in that the stop means (21,22) are stationary, whereas the control rod (6) bears the stop faces (23,24).
  4. Fuel injection pump unit according to claims 1 (or 2), caracterized in that the measured injection rates (M1,M2) are the injection rate (M1) for idling speed and the injection rate (M2) for full load .
  5. Fuel injection pump unit according to claims 1 (or 3), caracterized in that the measured injection rates (M1,M2) are the rates measured at two distant part-load points.
  6. Fuel injection pump unit according to claim 1, caracterized in that the caracteristic values (33) are replaced by a theoretically calculated caracteristic curve (40).
  7. Fuel injection pump unit according to any of the claims 1 to 6, caracterized in that the unit is part of a unit injector and that each of the fuel injection pump units has its own control rod (6).
  8. Process for calibrating a fuel injection pump unit according to either of the claims 1 to 7, whereby
    a) the stop means (21,22) are adjusted on the test-bench such that they have certain distances (k1,k2) from their corresponding stop faces (23,24) when the measured injection ratest have certain values (M1,M2),
    b) then both stop means (21,22) are struck and the corresponding pickup signals (β0, β3) corresponding to the positions of the control rod (6) whereby the stop means 5 (21,22) and the stop faces (23,24) strike, are stored in the control unit (2), and
    c) then the control unit (2) determines pickup signals (β1,β2) corresponding to the measured injection rates (M1,M2) from the distances (k1,k2) and the pickup signals (β0, β3), from which pickup signals (β1,β2) the positions (βsoll) of the control rod (6) corresponding to the desired injection rate (Msoll) during operation are elaborated by interpolation.
  9. Process for recalibrating a fuel injection pump originally calibrated according to claim 8 caracterized in that before starting an engine equipped with the fuel injection pump unit(s), both stop units (21,22) are struck and the actual pickup signals (β0', β3') describing the position of the control rod (6), in which the stop faces (23,24) and the corresponding stop means (21,22) strike, are stored, and subsequently the signals (β1', β2') furnished by the pickup and corresponding to the certain injection rates (M1,M2) are corrected by the control unit (2) from the fixed distances (k1,k2) and the new position signals (β0', β3').
EP95940913A 1994-12-27 1995-12-22 Fuel injection pump unit with control unit and process for regulating it Expired - Lifetime EP0800620B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4446905 1994-12-27
DE4446905A DE4446905C2 (en) 1994-12-27 1994-12-27 Injection pump unit and method for its adjustment
PCT/AT1995/000251 WO1996020339A1 (en) 1994-12-27 1995-12-22 Fuel injection pump unit with control unit and process for regulating it

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EP0800620A1 EP0800620A1 (en) 1997-10-15
EP0800620B1 true EP0800620B1 (en) 1998-07-29

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US (1) US5806487A (en)
EP (1) EP0800620B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH11508012A (en)
KR (1) KR100443575B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE169088T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4446905C2 (en)
RU (1) RU2134809C1 (en)
WO (1) WO1996020339A1 (en)

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EP0800620A1 (en) 1997-10-15
RU2134809C1 (en) 1999-08-20
JPH11508012A (en) 1999-07-13
DE4446905A1 (en) 1996-07-11
US5806487A (en) 1998-09-15
DE59503026D1 (en) 1998-09-03
KR100443575B1 (en) 2004-11-10
ATE169088T1 (en) 1998-08-15
DE4446905C2 (en) 1996-12-05
WO1996020339A1 (en) 1996-07-04

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