EP0795061B1 - Drainage wall buried in the ground - Google Patents

Drainage wall buried in the ground Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0795061B1
EP0795061B1 EP96930210A EP96930210A EP0795061B1 EP 0795061 B1 EP0795061 B1 EP 0795061B1 EP 96930210 A EP96930210 A EP 96930210A EP 96930210 A EP96930210 A EP 96930210A EP 0795061 B1 EP0795061 B1 EP 0795061B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drainage
gallery
downstream
area
upstream
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP96930210A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0795061A1 (en
Inventor
Serge Richard
Luc Chaudon
Marc Ollagnier
Eric Fargier
Louis-Paul Gazal
Jean-Marc Usseglio-Polatera
Marc Boisson
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B11/00—Drainage of soil, e.g. for agricultural purposes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D19/00—Keeping dry foundation sites or other areas in the ground
    • E02D19/06—Restraining of underground water
    • E02D19/12—Restraining of underground water by damming or interrupting the passage of underground water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/02—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against ground humidity or ground water

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the protection of a area or ground or underground facility vis-à-vis the flow of water in the soil surrounding the site.
  • This type of draining wall can both protect the area or facility in question against the entrainment of internal pollution as a result damage to this area or installation by water flows, but also protect an area or installation and its surroundings of external pollution caused by flows through the polluted site.
  • Such a draining wall also makes it possible to envisage the cleaning of polluted soil by hydraulic pumping.
  • a application is planned for the geological storage of toxic waste, in particular nuclear waste.
  • Figure 1 shows in cuts a region with its basement in which a fault phenomenon has occurred. This phenomenon is symbolized by two cracks, an upstream crack 1 and a downstream crack 2.
  • the arrow 3 placed in the basement shows the direction of water flow at this location.
  • the vertical lines 4 parallel to each other symbolize storage wells joined at the top by a gallery horizontal handling 5.
  • Vertical wells 6 placed at the end of this storage facility are draining wells. Arrows placed at around these draining wells 6 show that the surrounding flows are attracted to these wells draining 6 and are channeled through the gallery horizontal handling. So the flows have tendency to avoid storage wells 4. This has the consequence that the water passing through this area of storage comes out with a radioactivity rate partially reduced.
  • the flows of the massif are diverted from their initial orientation, generally horizontal, to reach a vertical orientation in the vicinity storage wells.
  • These wells then help to drain the water coming from upstream of storage also on a height important massif. All this drained water is then channeled into contact with the waste located in the storage well. Its potential contamination is then increased by the existence of all these excavations draining.
  • the object of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages and, in general, to isolate a underground volume of flows taking place in the basement at this location, to avoid altering this volume by runoff or to prevent this water do not extract pollutants by crossing.
  • Means for evacuating drained flows hydraulically can be constituted by a pumping device connected to the upstream / downstream gallery.
  • the means for discharge the hydraulically drained flows are formed by the natural outlet downstream of the area underground.
  • the means to discharge the hydraulically drained flows can also consist of a plurality of wells drainage downstream, interconnected by at least a second gallery of wells spaced apart others far greater than the radius of hydraulic influence of an isolated well to convey the flows drained downstream of the zone or the installation.
  • the wells Preferably, if the area or facility underground at a determined height, the wells also have a determined height more important than the height of the area or volume.
  • a second main object of the invention is a method of protecting an area or a ground or underground installation against hydraulic flows in the basement in a determined direction, this process of placing a draining wall device as it has just been summary, substantially perpendicular to the direction determined flow, upstream of the zone or the installation.
  • each of these access galleries with a determined number of wells storage, these access galleries are galleries draining upstream / downstream which extend to the plurality of wells located upstream and downstream installation hydraulics up to the second gallery of drainage wells, the number of drainage wells being two to five times larger than the number of draining axial galleries.
  • the invention suggests adding 6A drainage wells in addition to draining wells 6 of FIG. 2A, between these wells 6 originally planned.
  • Figure 1 proposed a draining well 6 relatively deep. As you can see lower arrows show that general drainage in the area delimited by cracks 1 and 2 flows in the direction of arrow 3. On the other hand, around the base of the draining well 6, the flow has tend to be attracted to the latter and management flow can be reversed downstream of the well draining 6. This inversion constitutes a phenomenon particularly interesting to exploit to limit water entrainments to the base of the wells storage 4 if it is possible to carry it out on any the area of the massif located under the storage area. This effect is retained in the draining wall device according to the invention if the draining wells 6 are more deeper than the area to be protected. It is even shown that in this case it leads to a reduction significant circulation of water under the area of storage towards storage wells 4. This reduction is even greater if waterproof or not very permeable caps are placed in head of storage wells 4.
  • FIG 3 we note that a gallery of drainage and balancing, called gallery of wells drainage 8, perpendicular to the axial galleries draining 7 and parallel to a central gallery access 9 is provided at the level of the draining wells 6 and 6A.
  • This gallery of drainage wells 8 favors the efficiency of drain wells 6 and 6A and increases so their distance of influence to hold the efficiency desired, despite the relatively large spacing between each draining well.
  • This gallery of wells drainage 8 evacuates the flows drained by the well 6, 6A.
  • FIG 4 is shown in detail a nuclear waste storage facility underground.
  • Each of these upstream / downstream galleries 7 provide access to a series storage wells 4 in each of which are slipped several packages of sunken nuclear waste in a mass of glass. Everything can be covered of clay inside the storage wells 4.
  • a ventilation is organized in the access gallery central 9 and upstream / downstream draining drifts 7 with an air return gallery 18.
  • the draining property of the galleries upstream / downstream can be suppressed if tightening (or caps) are placed there when the storage is closed.
  • the hydraulic connection between the upstream draining wall and the downstream can then be carried out using the gallery return air 18 if it is backfilled with a draining material when storage is closed.
  • the depth of the wells draining 6, 6A and 6B can also capture a vertical geohydraulic circulation gradient.
  • the system only works if it exists at minus an upstream / downstream gallery 7 in the axis of the flow which connects this draining wall downstream the area to be protected.
  • a downstream wall can also be built: it will limit the depth of the upstream wall and the length of the axial drainage gallery dug at downstream of this area.
  • the principle general of the invention is therefore to erect a wall draining comprising vertical draining wells 6, spaced from each other and connected to one of their ends by a gallery of drainage wells 8.
  • the height of draining wells is greater than height volume or zone 11 underground or not to protect from hydraulic flows, whatever the porosity of the massif or subsoil in question.
  • the width of the draining wall can also be greater to the width of this volume 11.
  • the wall of draining wells 6 is completed a drainage and balancing gallery called gallery upstream / downstream 7, oriented axially in the direction of the global underground flow. It is connected in upstream to the gallery of drainage wells 8 and downstream to a second wall of draining wells 6 by another gallery of drainage wells 8.
  • Drainage walls can be made also on the other two faces of the area to protect to cope with the possible evolution of the general direction of flow.
  • Another way to allow the water entrainment coming from upstream from site and collected by the upstream draining wall towards the downstream consists in using other galleries more distant from nuclear waste, such as return air galleries which are envisaged above drainage or axial galleries mentioned above, provided that they are backfilled with a permeable material.
  • Figure 6 shows an example of use particular of the wall device according to the invention, for the protection of a tunnel 20 against a flow general of the waters inside a massif, symbolized by the horizontal arrow 21.
  • the wall is always consisting of draining wells 6, with the difference that these wells can lead to surface 24 of the soil of the massif crossed by tunnel 20.
  • the shaft gallery drainage 22 which connects the draining wells 6 is placed in this case at their lower ends.
  • a upstream / downstream gallery 23 can also be provided at same level as the gallery of drainage wells 22. In this case, the upstream / downstream gallery 23 passes below from tunnel 20 to lead downstream of it to the natural outlet in relation to the general flow of waters, symbolized by the arrow 21.
  • Figure 7 shows another realization of the means for hydraulically unloading the wall. It is a pumping station 18 which fills this function, via a pipe 19 connected to the drainage and balancing gallery upstream / downstream 7.
  • This process can also be applied to a nuclear waste storage without vertical sinks.
  • the waste packages are then placed in the horizontal access galleries with care next: the axial drainage gallery (or) must be hydraulically isolated from these access galleries: tightness (or plugs) little permeable must be made at the entrance and at the exit from these access galleries.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Sewage (AREA)
  • Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)

Description

Domaine de l'inventionField of the invention

L'invention concerne la protection d'une zone ou d'une installation terrestre ou souterraine vis-à-vis de l'écoulement des eaux dans le sol entourant le site. Ce type de mur drainant peut à la fois protéger la zone ou l'installation en question contre l'entraínement de la pollution interne par suite de l'endommagement de cette zone ou installation par les écoulements d'eau, mais également protéger une zone ou installation et ses environs d'une pollution externe entraínée par des écoulements à travers le site pollué. Un tel mur drainant permet d'envisager également le nettoyage d'un sol pollué par pompage hydraulique. Une application est prévue pour le stockage géologique de déchets toxiques en particulier de déchets nucléaires.The invention relates to the protection of a area or ground or underground facility vis-à-vis the flow of water in the soil surrounding the site. This type of draining wall can both protect the area or facility in question against the entrainment of internal pollution as a result damage to this area or installation by water flows, but also protect an area or installation and its surroundings of external pollution caused by flows through the polluted site. Such a draining wall also makes it possible to envisage the cleaning of polluted soil by hydraulic pumping. A application is planned for the geological storage of toxic waste, in particular nuclear waste.

Art antérieur et problèmes posésPRIOR ART AND PROBLEMS POSED

Dans le cadre de la protection d'installations terrestres ou de leurs fondations, telles que les fondations d'un bâtiment, il est connu de protéger le volume souterrain de ces installations pour éviter que les eaux de ruissellement et d'écoulement à travers la roche ne viennent les attaquer. Dans de nombreux cas, on utilise des enveloppes imperméables entourant le volume à protéger, c'est-à-dire qu'on utilise des enceintes ou des murs en béton autour des installations sur une profondeur déterminée.As part of protection terrestrial installations or their foundations, such as the foundations of a building it is known protect the underground volume of these facilities to prevent runoff and flow through the rock do come to them attack. In many cases, waterproof envelopes surrounding the volume to be protected, that is to say we use enclosures or walls in concrete around the facilities to a depth determined.

Or, il se trouve que la construction de certains murs devant des sites urbains n'évitent pas que des eaux souterraines y accèdent. En effet, si elles constituent des surfaces le long desquelles les ruissellements sont stoppés ou déviés, elles réalisent aussi des accumulations de pression qui se traduisent par une accélération des écoulements sur les bords du mur et des cheminements privilégiés de l'eau, lorsque ce mur étanche ne ceinture pas complètement le site. En d'autres termes, ces ruissellements d'eau ayant été confrontés aux murs se trouvent accumulés sur les bords de ces murs et constituent à ces endroits une menace plus importante. Il s'ensuit que, si le mur n'est pas suffisamment large ou ne constitue pas une cuve fermée, l'eau devient alors, en grande quantité une menace plus importante que si le mur n'avait pas été construit.Now it turns out that the construction of some walls in front of urban sites do not avoid let groundwater access it. Indeed, if they constitute surfaces along which the runoff is stopped or deflected, they realize also pressure build-up which results by an acceleration of the flows on the edges of the wall and privileged water paths, when this waterproof wall does not completely encircle the site. In in other words, these water runoffs having been facing the walls are accumulated on the edges of these walls and pose a threat in these places more important. It follows that, if the wall is not sufficiently wide or does not constitute a closed tank, water then becomes, in large quantities, a greater threat important only if the wall had not been built.

D'autre part, dans le cadre du stockage géologique de certains matériaux, tels que les matériaux irradiés et les déchets produits par les usines nucléaires, les spécialistes ont été amené à tenir compte des phénomènes hydrauliques se produisant dans la roche où sont implantés ces déchets. Des concepts hydrauliques ont donc été étudiés pour une durée à long terme, c'est-à-dire efficaces lorsque les phénomènes géohydrauliques sont seuls responsables des écoulements. Des simulations numériques ont été effectuées et on sait maintenant utiliser des puits dits "drainants" à l'intérieur du sous-sol dans lequel la zone de stockage est implantée.On the other hand, in the context of storage geological of certain materials, such as irradiated materials and waste produced by nuclear factories specialists have been brought to take into account the hydraulic phenomena occurring in the rock where this waste is implanted. Of hydraulic concepts have therefore been studied for a long-term, i.e. effective when the geohydraulic phenomena are solely responsible for flows. Numerical simulations have been done and we now know how to use wells said to be "draining" inside the basement in which the storage area is established.

A cet effet, la figure 1 représente en coupe une région avec son sous-sol dans laquelle un phénomène de faille a eu lieu. Ce phénomène est symbolisé par deux fissures, une fissure amont 1 et une fissure aval 2. La flèche 3 placée en sous-sol montre le sens de l'écoulement des eaux à cet endroit. Les traits verticaux 4 parallèles entre eux symbolisent des puits de stockage réunis à leur sommet par une galerie horizontale de manutention 5. Les puits verticaux 6 placés à l'extrémité de cette installation de stockage sont des puits drainants. Des flèches placés aux alentours de ces puits drainants 6 montrent que les écoulements environnants sont attirés par ces puits drainants 6 et sont canalisées par la galerie horizontale de manutention. Ainsi, les écoulements ont tendance à éviter les puits de stockage 4. Ceci a pour conséquence que l'eau transitant par cette zone de stockage ressort avec un taux de radioactivité partiellement réduit.For this purpose, Figure 1 shows in cuts a region with its basement in which a fault phenomenon has occurred. This phenomenon is symbolized by two cracks, an upstream crack 1 and a downstream crack 2. The arrow 3 placed in the basement shows the direction of water flow at this location. The vertical lines 4 parallel to each other symbolize storage wells joined at the top by a gallery horizontal handling 5. Vertical wells 6 placed at the end of this storage facility are draining wells. Arrows placed at around these draining wells 6 show that the surrounding flows are attracted to these wells draining 6 and are channeled through the gallery horizontal handling. So the flows have tendency to avoid storage wells 4. This has the consequence that the water passing through this area of storage comes out with a radioactivity rate partially reduced.

Cependant, en référence à la figure 2A, lorsque plusieurs rangées de galeries de manutention 7 et de puits de stockage 4 sont placées parallèlement les unes aux autres, les écoulements peuvent facilement passer entre ces galeries de manutention 7, une seule relativement infime partie étant captée par les puits drainants 6 placés en tête de galerie. On précise que ces séries de puits de stockage 4 doivent être relativement écartées les unes par rapport aux autres pour respecter les contraintes thermiques du fait que la chaleur dégagée par les déchets stockés ne peut s'évacuer que par diffusion.However, with reference to Figure 2A, when several rows of handling drifts 7 and storage wells 4 are placed in parallel to each other, flows can easily pass between these handling galleries 7, a single relatively small part being captured by wells drainage 6 placed at the head of the gallery. We specify that these series of storage wells 4 must be relatively far apart from each other to respect the thermal constraints of the fact that the heat released by the stored waste cannot evacuate only by diffusion.

Ces puits et galeries réalisent ainsi un drainage de l'eau en provenance de l'amont du stockage sur une largeur importante de massif lorsqu'ils sont remblayés par un matériau avec une perméabilité plus importante que celle du massif.These wells and galleries thus achieve a drainage of water from upstream storage over a significant width of bedding when they are backfilled with material with higher permeability important than that of the massif.

Par ailleurs, et comme le montre la figure 2B, les écoulements du massif sont détournés de leur orientation initiale, horizontale le plus généralement, pour atteindre une orientation verticale au voisinage des puits de stockage. C'est le cas si le stockage constitué de plusieurs rangées de puits de stockage 6 et de galeries de manutentions placées parallèlement les unes aux autres (figure 2A) possède des défauts de perméabilité, c'est-à-dire si les excavations sont remplies avec un matériau possédant une perméabilité plus importante que celle du massif. Ces puits contribuent alors à drainer l'eau en provenance de l'amont du stockage également sur une hauteur importante de massif. Toute cette eau drainée est alors canalisée jusqu'au contact des déchets situés dans les puits de stockage. Sa contamination potentielle est alors accrue par l'existence de toutes ces excavations drainantes.Furthermore, and as shown in the figure 2B, the flows of the massif are diverted from their initial orientation, generally horizontal, to reach a vertical orientation in the vicinity storage wells. This is the case if the storage consisting of several rows of storage wells 6 and handling galleries placed in parallel to each other (Figure 2A) has defects in permeability, i.e. if the excavations are filled with a material having permeability more important than that of the massif. These wells then help to drain the water coming from upstream of storage also on a height important massif. All this drained water is then channeled into contact with the waste located in the storage well. Its potential contamination is then increased by the existence of all these excavations draining.

Le but de l'invention est de remédier à ces inconvénients et, de manière générale, d'isoler un volume souterrain des écoulements ayant lieu dans le sous-sol à cet endroit, pour éviter d'altérer ce volume par les eaux d'écoulement ou pour éviter que ces eaux d'écoulement n'extraient des matières polluantes en le traversant.The object of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages and, in general, to isolate a underground volume of flows taking place in the basement at this location, to avoid altering this volume by runoff or to prevent this water do not extract pollutants by crossing.

Résumé de l'inventionSummary of the invention

A cet effet, le premier objet principal de l'invention est un dispositif de mur drainant implanté àans un sol pour protéger une zone ou une installation terrestre ou souterraine contre les écoulements hydrauliques dans le sous-sol, ce mur comprenant principalement :

  • une pluralité de puits drainants formant un mur placé en amont de ladite zone à protéger et sensiblement perpendiculairement à la direction d'écoulement, définissant chacun un rayon d'influence hydraulique déterminée, verticaux, espacés les uns des autres d'une distance très supérieure audit rayon d'influence hydraulique,
  • au moins une première galerie de drainage et d'équilibrage sensiblement horizontale, dite galerie des puits, reliant les puits drainants entre eux ;
  • au moins une deuxième galerie de drainage et d'équilibrage, dite galerie amont/aval qui est orientée axialement dans le sens de l'écoulement et qui relie ce mur drainant à l'aval hydraulique de cette zone à protéger ; et
  • des moyens pour évacuer les débits drainés et reliés hydrauliquement avec les galeries de drainage et d'équilibrage.
To this end, the first main object of the invention is a draining wall device implanted in a ground to protect an area or an earth or underground installation against hydraulic flows in the basement, this wall mainly comprising:
  • a plurality of draining wells forming a wall placed upstream of said zone to be protected and substantially perpendicular to the direction of flow, each defining a radius of determined hydraulic influence, vertical, spaced from each other by a distance much greater than said hydraulic influence radius,
  • at least a first substantially horizontal drainage and balancing gallery, called gallery of wells, connecting the draining wells together;
  • at least one second drainage and balancing gallery, called upstream / downstream gallery which is oriented axially in the direction of flow and which connects this draining wall to the hydraulic downstream of this zone to be protected; and
  • means for evacuating the drained and hydraulically connected flows with the drainage and balancing galleries.

Les moyens pour évacuer les débits drainés hydrauliquement peuvent être constitués par un dispositif de pompage relié à la galerie amont/aval.Means for evacuating drained flows hydraulically can be constituted by a pumping device connected to the upstream / downstream gallery.

Dans une deuxième solution, les moyens pour évacuer les débits drainés hydrauliquement sont constitués par l'exutoire naturel aval de la zone souterraine.In a second solution, the means for discharge the hydraulically drained flows are formed by the natural outlet downstream of the area underground.

Dans une troisième solution, les moyens pour évacuer les débits drainés hydrauliquement peuvent être également constitués d'une pluralité de puits drainants situés en aval, reliés entre eux par au moins une deuxième galerie de puits espacés les uns des autres d'une distance très supérieure au rayon d'influence hydraulique d'un puits isolé pour acheminer les débits drainés en aval de la zone ou de l'installation.In a third solution, the means to discharge the hydraulically drained flows can also consist of a plurality of wells drainage downstream, interconnected by at least a second gallery of wells spaced apart others far greater than the radius of hydraulic influence of an isolated well to convey the flows drained downstream of the zone or the installation.

De préférence, si la zone ou l'installation souterrain a une hauteur déterminée, les puits drainants ont également une hauteur déterminée plus importante que la hauteur de la zone ou du volume.Preferably, if the area or facility underground at a determined height, the wells also have a determined height more important than the height of the area or volume.

Un deuxième objet principal de l'invention est un procédé de protection d'une zone ou d'une installation terrestre ou souterraine contre les écoulements hydrauliques dans le sous-sol dans une direction déterminée, ce procédé consistant à placer un dispositif de mur drainant tel qu'il vient d'être résumé, sensiblement perpendiculaire à la direction déterminée d'écoulement, en amont de la zone ou de l'installation. A second main object of the invention is a method of protecting an area or a ground or underground installation against hydraulic flows in the basement in a determined direction, this process of placing a draining wall device as it has just been summary, substantially perpendicular to the direction determined flow, upstream of the zone or the installation.

Dans le cas où l'installation ou la zone est une installation de stockage de déchets nucléaires comportant des galeries d'accès, chacune de ces galeries d'accès possédant un nombre déterminé de puits de stockage, ces galeries d'accès sont des galeries drainantes amont/aval qui se prolongent jusqu'à la pluralité de puits situés à l'amont et à l'aval hydraulique de l'installation à la hauteur de la deuxième galerie de puits de drainage, le nombre de puits drainants étant deux à cinq fois plus important que le nombre de galeries axiales drainantes.In case the installation or the area is a nuclear waste storage facility with access galleries, each of these access galleries with a determined number of wells storage, these access galleries are galleries draining upstream / downstream which extend to the plurality of wells located upstream and downstream installation hydraulics up to the second gallery of drainage wells, the number of drainage wells being two to five times larger than the number of draining axial galleries.

Liste des figuresList of Figures

L'invention et ses différentes techniques seront mieux comprises à la lecture de la description suivante, illustrée des figures représentant respectivement :

  • figure 1, en coupe frontale, le sous-sol d'un terrain dans lequel est implantée une zone de stockage de déchets nucléaires équipée d'un système drainant selon l'art antérieur et devant être complétée selon l'invention :
  • figure 2A, un schéma en vue de dessus de l'installation de la figure 1 ;
  • figure 2B, un schéma en perspective des écoulements au voisinage de l'installation de la figure 2 ;
  • figure 3, un schéma en vue de dessus d'une installation de la figure 1 équipée d'un dispositif de mur selon l'invention ;
  • figure 4, un schéma en vue cavalière d'une installation de stockage de déchets nucléaires à laquelle est appliqué le dispositif de mur selon l'invention ;
  • figure 5, une vue cavalière écorchée d'une installation souterraine équipée d'un dispositif de mur selon l'invention dans une première réalisation particulière ;
  • figure 6, un schéma relatif à l'utilisation de l'invention pour la protection d'un tunnel ; et
  • figure 7, un schéma en vue cavalière écorchée d'une installation souterraine équipée d'un dispositif de mur selon l'invention dans une deuxième réalisation.
The invention and its various techniques will be better understood on reading the following description, illustrated by the figures representing respectively:
  • FIG. 1, in front section, the basement of a site in which is located a nuclear waste storage area equipped with a draining system according to the prior art and to be completed according to the invention:
  • 2A, a diagram in top view of the installation of Figure 1;
  • Figure 2B, a perspective diagram of flows in the vicinity of the installation of Figure 2;
  • Figure 3, a diagram in top view of an installation of Figure 1 equipped with a wall device according to the invention;
  • Figure 4, a schematic view of a nuclear waste storage facility to which the wall device according to the invention is applied;
  • Figure 5, a cutaway view of an underground installation equipped with a wall device according to the invention in a first particular embodiment;
  • FIG. 6, a diagram relating to the use of the invention for the protection of a tunnel; and
  • Figure 7, a diagrammatic cutaway view of an underground installation equipped with a wall device according to the invention in a second embodiment.

Description détaillée de l'invention et d'une de ses applicationsDetailed description of the invention and one of its applications

En référence à la figure 3, l'invention propose de rajouter des puits drainants 6A en plus des puits drainants 6 de la figure 2A, entre ces puits 6 initialement prévus.Referring to Figure 3, the invention suggests adding 6A drainage wells in addition to draining wells 6 of FIG. 2A, between these wells 6 originally planned.

En revenant au schéma de la figure 2A, on sait et on a constaté par étude bidimensionnelle que les puits drainants 6 limitent le captage des filets d'écoulement d'eau au voisinage de leur pourtour. A ce sujet, on connaít une zone d'influence d'un puits de drainage isolé qui peut être comprise entre deux ou trois fois le diamètre autour de chaque puits drainant. Au-delà, on est amené à penser que le puits drainant n'a plus d'influence sur le sous-sol dans lequel il est implanté. Il vient donc à l'esprit du technicien de ce type de drainage qu'un nombre très important de puits de drainage serait nécessaire pour empêcher les écoulements à l'entrée d'une zone de stockage comprenant plusieurs séries de puits de stockage parallèles entre elles et espacées de plusieurs dizaines de mètres. Returning to the diagram in FIG. 2A, we know and we found by two-dimensional study that the draining wells 6 limit the capture of the nets of water flow in the vicinity of their periphery. At this subject, we know an area of influence of a well isolated drainage which can be between two or three times the diameter around each draining well. Beyond that, we are led to think that the draining well no longer has any influence on the basement in which it is implanted. So it comes to mind of the technician of this type of drainage that a very large number of wells drainage would be necessary to prevent flows at the entrance to a storage area including several series of storage wells parallel to each other and spaced apart by several tens of meters.

Or, des calculs numériques en trois dimensions et des résultats expérimentaux à partir d'une maquette rhéoélectrique du système montrent que la largeur d'influence d'un puits drainant peut s'élèver jusqu'à environ vingt mètres dans la direction transversale, c'est-à-dire perpendiculaire à la direction de l'écoulement, alors que ces puits drainants ont une largeur inférieure au mètre. On s'aperçoit donc que cette influence est beaucoup plus importante dans cette direction que lorsque les puits drainants se trouvent dans la direction de l'écoulement et isolés, puisque dans ce dernier cas, cette influence ne dépasse pas les trois mètres.Now, numerical calculations in three dimensions and experimental results from of a rheoelectric model of the system show that the width of influence of a draining well can rise up to about twenty meters in the direction transverse, i.e. perpendicular to the direction of flow, while these wells drains have a width less than one meter. We therefore realizes that this influence is much more important in this direction that when the wells draining are in the direction of flow and isolated, since in the latter case, this influence does not exceed three meters.

Comme le montre la figure 3, il est donc proposé, dans ce cas d'application, de disposer de puits drainants 6A supplémentaires aux puits drainants 6 placés en tête des galeries d'accès qui deviennent des galeries axiales drainantes et d'équilibrage dite galeries amont/aval 7 et font office de moyens pour décharger hydrauliquement le mur.As shown in Figure 3, it is therefore proposed, in this case of application, to have drainage wells 6A additional to drainage wells 6 placed at the head of the access galleries which become draining axial galleries and so-called balancing upstream / downstream galleries 7 and act as means for hydraulically unload the wall.

La figure 1 proposait un puits drainant 6 relativement profond. Comme on peut le constater les flèches inférieures montrent que le drainage général dans la zone délimitée par les fissures 1 et 2 s'écoule dans la direction de la flèche 3. Par contre, aux environs de la base du puits drainant 6, l'écoulement a tendance à être attiré par ce dernier et la direction de l'écoulement peut s'inverser jusqu'en aval du puits drainant 6. Cette inversion constitue un phénomène particulièrement intéressant à exploiter pour limiter les entraínements d'eau jusqu'à la base des puits de stockage 4 s'il est possible de le réaliser sur tout l'espace du massif situé sous la zone de stockage. Cet effet est conservé dans le dispositif du mur drainant selon l'invention si les puits drainants 6 sont plus profonds que la zone à protéger. Il est même montré qu'il permet d'aboutir dans ce cas à une réduction importante des circulations d'eau sous la zone de stockage en direction des puits de stockage 4. Cette réduction s'avère encore plus importante si des bouchons imperméables ou peu perméables sont placés en tête des puits de stockage 4.Figure 1 proposed a draining well 6 relatively deep. As you can see lower arrows show that general drainage in the area delimited by cracks 1 and 2 flows in the direction of arrow 3. On the other hand, around the base of the draining well 6, the flow has tend to be attracted to the latter and management flow can be reversed downstream of the well draining 6. This inversion constitutes a phenomenon particularly interesting to exploit to limit water entrainments to the base of the wells storage 4 if it is possible to carry it out on any the area of the massif located under the storage area. This effect is retained in the draining wall device according to the invention if the draining wells 6 are more deeper than the area to be protected. It is even shown that in this case it leads to a reduction significant circulation of water under the area of storage towards storage wells 4. This reduction is even greater if waterproof or not very permeable caps are placed in head of storage wells 4.

Dans la figure 3, on note qu'une galerie de drainage et d'équilibrage, dite galerie de puits de drainage 8, perpendiculaire aux galeries axiales drainantes 7 et parallèle à une galerie centrale d'accès 9 est prévue au niveau des puits drainants 6 et 6A. Cette galerie de puits de drainage 8 favorise l'efficacité des puits drainants 6 et 6A et augmente donc leur distance d'influence pour tenir l'efficacité désirée, malgré l'espacement relativement important entre chaque puits drainant. Cette galerie de puits de drainage 8 permet d'évacuer les débits drainés par les puits 6, 6A.In Figure 3, we note that a gallery of drainage and balancing, called gallery of wells drainage 8, perpendicular to the axial galleries draining 7 and parallel to a central gallery access 9 is provided at the level of the draining wells 6 and 6A. This gallery of drainage wells 8 favors the efficiency of drain wells 6 and 6A and increases so their distance of influence to hold the efficiency desired, despite the relatively large spacing between each draining well. This gallery of wells drainage 8 evacuates the flows drained by the well 6, 6A.

Sur la figure 4, est représenté en détail une installation de stockage de déchets nucléaires souterraine. On y retrouve une galerie générale 9 donnant accès à des galeries amont/aval 7. Chacune de ces galeries amont/aval 7 permet d'accéder à une série de puits de stockage 4 dans chacun desquels sont glissés plusieurs colis de déchets nucléaires coulés dans une masse de verre. Le tout peut être couvert d'argile à l'intérieur des puits de stockage 4. Une ventilation est organisée dans la galerie d'accès central 9 et les galeries drainantes amont/aval 7 avec une galerie de retour d'air 18.In Figure 4, is shown in detail a nuclear waste storage facility underground. There is a general gallery 9 giving access to upstream / downstream galleries 7. Each of these upstream / downstream galleries 7 provide access to a series storage wells 4 in each of which are slipped several packages of sunken nuclear waste in a mass of glass. Everything can be covered of clay inside the storage wells 4. A ventilation is organized in the access gallery central 9 and upstream / downstream draining drifts 7 with an air return gallery 18.

La propriété drainante des galeries amont/aval peut être supprimée si des serrements (ou bouchons) y sont placés à la fermeture du stockage. La liaison hydraulique entre le mur drainant amont et l'aval peut alors être réalisée au moyen de la galerie de retour d'air 18 si celle-ci est remblayée par un matériau drainant à la fermeture du stockage.The draining property of the galleries upstream / downstream can be suppressed if tightening (or caps) are placed there when the storage is closed. The hydraulic connection between the upstream draining wall and the downstream can then be carried out using the gallery return air 18 if it is backfilled with a draining material when storage is closed.

On remarque que, considérant la direction de la flèche 10 symbolisant la direction de l'écoulement général de l'eau dans la roche, un mur drainant est placé en amont de la structure. Il peut s'avérer efficace de placer également un mur drainant en aval référencé par ses tubes drainants 6B.We notice that, considering the direction of the arrow 10 symbolizing the direction of the general flow of water in the rock, a wall draining is placed upstream of the structure. he can prove effective to also place a draining wall downstream referenced by its draining tubes 6B.

On note que la profondeur des puits drainants 6, 6A et 6B permet de capter également un gradient de circulation géohydraulique vertical.We note that the depth of the wells draining 6, 6A and 6B can also capture a vertical geohydraulic circulation gradient.

Le système ne fonctionne que s'il existe au moins une galerie amont/aval 7 dans l'axe de l'écoulement qui relie ce mur drainant à l'aval hydraulique de cette zone à protéger.The system only works if it exists at minus an upstream / downstream gallery 7 in the axis of the flow which connects this draining wall downstream the area to be protected.

Un mur aval peut être également construit : il permettra de limiter la profondeur du mur amont et la longueur de la galerie drainante axiale creusée à l'aval de cette zone.A downstream wall can also be built: it will limit the depth of the upstream wall and the length of the axial drainage gallery dug at downstream of this area.

En référence à la figure 5, le principe général de l'invention est donc de dresser un mur drainant comprenant des puits drainants 6 verticaux, espacés les uns des autres et reliés à une de leurs extrémités par une galerie de puits de drainage 8. La hauteur des puits drainants est supérieure à la hauteur du volume ou de la zone 11 souterraine ou non à protéger des écoulements hydrauliques, quelle que soit la porosité du massif ou du sous-sol en question. La largeur du mur drainant peut également être supérieure à la largeur de ce volume 11. Quoi qu'il en soit, le fait que les puits drainants 6 soient reliés entre eux par une galerie de puits de drainage horizontale 8 favorisent grandement leur efficacité par rapport à l'efficacité des puits drainants évoqués dans l'installation de la figure 1 et notamment de la figure 2, ces dernières proposant des puits drainants en regard simplement des éléments à protéger.Referring to Figure 5, the principle general of the invention is therefore to erect a wall draining comprising vertical draining wells 6, spaced from each other and connected to one of their ends by a gallery of drainage wells 8. The height of draining wells is greater than height volume or zone 11 underground or not to protect from hydraulic flows, whatever the porosity of the massif or subsoil in question. The width of the draining wall can also be greater to the width of this volume 11. Anyway, the causes the draining wells 6 to be interconnected by a gallery of horizontal drainage wells 8 greatly enhance their effectiveness over the effectiveness of the drainage wells mentioned in the installation of figure 1 and in particular of figure 2, the latter offering draining wells in just look at what you want to protect.

Le mur de puits drainants 6 se complète d'une galerie de drainage et d'équilibrage dite galerie amont/aval 7, orientée axialement dans le sens de l'écoulement global souterrain. Elle est reliée en amont à la galerie des puits de drainage 8 et en aval à un deuxième mur de puits drainants 6 par une autre galerie de puits de drainage 8.The wall of draining wells 6 is completed a drainage and balancing gallery called gallery upstream / downstream 7, oriented axially in the direction of the global underground flow. It is connected in upstream to the gallery of drainage wells 8 and downstream to a second wall of draining wells 6 by another gallery of drainage wells 8.

On constate également que l'espacement de ces puits drainants 6 est relativement important, par rapport à la zone d'influence hydraulique qu'ils possèdent indépendamment les uns des autres dans la direction parallèle à l'écoulement des eaux.We also note that the spacing of these draining wells 6 is relatively large, by compared to the area of hydraulic influence they independently of each other in the direction parallel to the flow of water.

On peut ainsi protéger non seulement une zone souterraine de stockage de déchets, mais également des fondations d'immeubles et de maisons installées dans des zones où le terrain est peu stable et où les écoulements sont importants.We can thus protect not only a underground waste storage area, but also foundations of buildings and houses installed in areas where the ground is not very stable and where the flows are important.

On peut également protéger des constructions souterraines telles que des tunnels routiers ou ferroviaires, des caves ou des parkings souterrains.We can also protect against underground constructions such as tunnels road or rail, cellars or parking lots underground.

Des murs drainants peuvent être réalisés également sur les deux autres faces de la zone à protéger pour faire face à l'éventuelle évolution de la direction générale de l'écoulement.Drainage walls can be made also on the other two faces of the area to protect to cope with the possible evolution of the general direction of flow.

Un autre moyen pour permettre l'entraínement des eaux en provenance de l'amont du site et collectées par le mur drainant amont vers l'aval consiste à utiliser d'autres galeries plus éloignées des déchets nucléaires, telles que les galeries de retour d'air qui sont envisagées au-dessus des galeries d'accès ou axiales drainantes évoquées ci-dessus, pourvu qu'elles soient remblayées avec un matériau perméable.Another way to allow the water entrainment coming from upstream from site and collected by the upstream draining wall towards the downstream consists in using other galleries more distant from nuclear waste, such as return air galleries which are envisaged above drainage or axial galleries mentioned above, provided that they are backfilled with a permeable material.

On envisage également d'utiliser un tel mur drainant, pour protéger les nappes de produits pétroliers lors des écoulements hydrauliques terrestres et souterrains, afin d'éviter que les produits pétroliers pompés à partir de ces nappes ne contiennent trop d'eau.We are also considering using such a wall draining, to protect the sheets of products tankers during land hydraulic flows and underground, to prevent products tankers pumped from these slicks do contain too much water.

On peut protéger aussi un site urbain de l'entraínement de la pollution accidentelle d'un sol sous une installation industrielle ou artisanale avec ce procédé.We can also protect an urban site from the accidental pollution of a soil under an industrial or artisanal installation with this process.

La figure 6 montre un exemple d'utilisation particulier du dispositif de mur, selon l'invention, pour la protection d'un tunnel 20 contre un écoulement général des eaux à l'intérieur d'un massif, symbolisé par la flèche horizontale 21. Le mur est toujours constitué de puits drainants 6, à la différence que ces puits peuvent déboucher à la surface 24 du sol du massif traversé par le tunnel 20. La galerie de puits de drainage 22 qui relie les puits drainants 6 est placée dans ce cas à leurs extrémités inférieures. Une galerie amont/aval 23 peut également être prévue au même niveau que la galerie de puits de drainage 22. Dans ce cas, la galerie amont/aval 23 passe en dessous du tunnel 20 pour déboucher en aval de celui-ci jusqu'à l'exutoire naturel par rapport à l'écoulement général des eaux, symbolisé par la flèche 21.Figure 6 shows an example of use particular of the wall device according to the invention, for the protection of a tunnel 20 against a flow general of the waters inside a massif, symbolized by the horizontal arrow 21. The wall is always consisting of draining wells 6, with the difference that these wells can lead to surface 24 of the soil of the massif crossed by tunnel 20. The shaft gallery drainage 22 which connects the draining wells 6 is placed in this case at their lower ends. A upstream / downstream gallery 23 can also be provided at same level as the gallery of drainage wells 22. In this case, the upstream / downstream gallery 23 passes below from tunnel 20 to lead downstream of it to the natural outlet in relation to the general flow of waters, symbolized by the arrow 21.

La figure 7 représente une autre réalisation des moyens pour décharger hyàrauliquement le mur. C'est une station de pompage 18 qui remplit cette fonction, par l'intermédiaire d'une conduite 19 connectée à la galerie de drainage et d'équilibrage amont/aval 7. Figure 7 shows another realization of the means for hydraulically unloading the wall. It is a pumping station 18 which fills this function, via a pipe 19 connected to the drainage and balancing gallery upstream / downstream 7.

On peut envisager de nettoyer également un sol pollué par réalisation d'un tel mur drainant et sa mise en place à une position judicieuse. Un mur drainant disposé à l'aval et à une certaine distance du site pollué permettra un délai d'action beaucoup moins limité que dans le cas d'un réseau de puits dans la zone polluée, d'une part. Cette solution évite également de déterminer la localisation précise de cette zone, d'autre part. Enfin, elle ne nécessite pas un dimensionnement aussi important du matériel de pompage que dans le cas d'un réseau de puits dans la zone polluée.We can also consider cleaning a polluted soil by making such a draining wall and its placement in a judicious position. A wall draining arranged downstream and at a certain distance from the polluted site will allow a much shorter time to action limited than in the case of a well network in the polluted area, on the one hand. This solution avoids also to determine the precise location of this area, on the other hand. Finally, it does not require such an important dimensioning of the material of pumping only in the case of a network of wells in the polluted area.

Ce procédé peut s'appliquer également à un stockage de déchets nucléaires sans puits verticaux. Les colis de déchets sont alors placés dans les galeries d'accès horizontales moyennant la précaution suivante : la galerie drainante axiale (ou les) doi(ven)t être isolée(s) hydrauliquement de ces galeries d'accès : des serrements (ou bouchons) peu perméables doivent être réalisés à l'entrée et à la sortie de ces galeries d'accès.This process can also be applied to a nuclear waste storage without vertical sinks. The waste packages are then placed in the horizontal access galleries with care next: the axial drainage gallery (or) must be hydraulically isolated from these access galleries: tightness (or plugs) little permeable must be made at the entrance and at the exit from these access galleries.

Claims (8)

  1. Drainage wall device installed in the subsoil in order to protect a surface or underground installation or area (11, 20) against hydraulic runoffs in the subsoil, said wall mainly comprising:
    a plurality of drainage shafts (6, 6A) forming a wall located upstream of the area to be protected and substantially perpendicular to the flow direction, each defining a given hydraulic influence radius, which are vertical and mutually spaced by a distance greatly exceeding the hydraulic influence radius,
    at least one substantially horizontal, first drainage and balancing gallery, called shaft gallery (8), interconnecting the drainage shafts (6, 6A),
    at least one second drainage and balancing gallery, called the upstream/ downstream gallery (7, 23), which is axially oriented in the flow direction and connected to the drainage wall hydraulically downstream of said area to be protected, and
    means for evacuating the drained flows and hydraulically connected to the drainage and balancing galleries (8, 7, 23).
  2. Wall device according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for evacuating the hydraulically drained flows are constituted by a pumping device (18) connected to the upstream/downstream gallery (13, 7, 23).
  3. Wall device according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for evacuating the hydraulically drained flows are provided by a natural outlet downstream of the underground area.
  4. Wall device according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for evacuating the hydraulically drained flows are constituted by a plurality of downstream drainage shafts (12), interconnected by at least one second drainage shaft balancing and draining gallery (8), which are spaced from one another by a distance greatly exceeding the hydraulic influence radius of an isolated shaft for passing the drained flows downstream of the area or installation (11, 20).
  5. Wall device according to claim 1, the area or installation (11, 20) to be protected having a given height, characterized in that the drainage shafts (6, 6A) have a greater height than the latter.
  6. Process for the protection of an underground installation or area (11, 20) against hydraulic flows in the subsoil in a given direction, characterized in that it consists of placing a drainage wall device according to one of the claims 1 or 2, the wall being positioned upstream of said area or volume (11, 20) and substantially perpendicular to the flow direction.
  7. Protection device according to claim 6, implemented in a subsoil where there is a gallery initially intended for air return purposes (18) and oriented in the hydraulic flow direction, characterized in that the upstream/ downstream drainage and balancing gallery connecting the plurality of drainage shafts at the hydraulic downstream for the discharge of the drained flows is constituted by the gallery initially intended for air return (18).
  8. Process according to claim 6, the area or volume (11, 20) being a nuclear waste storage installation (11) having access galleries, each of which has a given number of storage shafts (4), characterized in that these access galleries are upstream/downstream drainage galleries (7) extended up to the plurality of shafts (6, 6A, 6B) hydraulically upstream and downstream of the installation (11), at the height of the drainage shaft gallery, the number of drainage shafts (6, 6A) being two to five times greater than the number of axial drainage galleries (7).
EP96930210A 1995-09-05 1996-09-04 Drainage wall buried in the ground Expired - Lifetime EP0795061B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9510386A FR2738268B1 (en) 1995-09-05 1995-09-05 DRAINING WALL IMPLANTED INTO SOIL
FR9510386 1995-09-05
PCT/FR1996/001355 WO1997009486A1 (en) 1995-09-05 1996-09-04 Drainage wall buried in the ground

Publications (2)

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EP0795061A1 EP0795061A1 (en) 1997-09-17
EP0795061B1 true EP0795061B1 (en) 2000-04-19

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DE (1) DE69607824T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2147393T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2738268B1 (en)
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WO (1) WO1997009486A1 (en)

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ES2208013B1 (en) * 2001-07-04 2005-07-16 Paulino Alegre Fidalgo WALL OF SALVAGUARDA AND CONTROL OF RESERVES OF GROUNDWATER.

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SE411053B (en) * 1976-06-09 1979-11-26 Morfeldt Carl Olof Oskar WAY TO PREVENT GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATED BY HARMFUL SUBSTANCES FROM A LOCATION OF EXISTING PRODUCTS
US4288174A (en) * 1979-09-10 1981-09-08 Laws Awbrey C System for groundwater flow control
US5316410A (en) * 1992-06-09 1994-05-31 Blume Robert F Foundation drainage system

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FR2738268B1 (en) 1997-10-24
RU2169815C2 (en) 2001-06-27
EP0795061A1 (en) 1997-09-17
DE69607824T2 (en) 2000-11-09
DE69607824D1 (en) 2000-05-25
ES2147393T3 (en) 2000-09-01
WO1997009486A1 (en) 1997-03-13
FR2738268A1 (en) 1997-03-07

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