EP0794539A1 - Toroidal inductance for radio interference suppression of phase-controllable semiconductor circuits - Google Patents

Toroidal inductance for radio interference suppression of phase-controllable semiconductor circuits Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0794539A1
EP0794539A1 EP97102212A EP97102212A EP0794539A1 EP 0794539 A1 EP0794539 A1 EP 0794539A1 EP 97102212 A EP97102212 A EP 97102212A EP 97102212 A EP97102212 A EP 97102212A EP 0794539 A1 EP0794539 A1 EP 0794539A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flakes
core
toroidal
interference suppression
ring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97102212A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0794539B1 (en
Inventor
Gerhard Hinz
Markus Brunner
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Vacuumschmelze GmbH and Co KG
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Vacuumschmelze GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP0794539A1 publication Critical patent/EP0794539A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F17/00—Fixed inductances of the signal type 
    • H01F17/04—Fixed inductances of the signal type  with magnetic core
    • H01F17/06—Fixed inductances of the signal type  with magnetic core with core substantially closed in itself, e.g. toroid
    • H01F17/062—Toroidal core with turns of coil around it
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/10—Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/10—Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
    • H01F2003/106—Magnetic circuits using combinations of different magnetic materials

Definitions

  • a toroidal choke that meets these requirements is described for example in DE 18 04 835 C3.
  • the first of these materials having a relatively low permeability with high saturation induction and the second material having a medium permeability.
  • the invention relates to a ring core choke for radio interference suppression of semiconductor circuits which operate according to the phase gating method, with a magnetic core composed of two soft magnetic materials of different permeability and saturation induction.
  • amorphous powder or nanocrystalline powder has also been used. This is evident from EP 302 355 A1. Despite the significantly higher permeability of the amorphous material and in particular of the nanocrystalline material, a powder core will also have a lower permeability here compared to solid cores even from crystalline material because of the binder used.
  • the object of the present invention is to use a toroidal choke for radio interference suppression with a core structure which has even more compact dimensions with the same power as known radio interference suppression chokes and is also extremely quiet.
  • This object is achieved in that on at least one end face of a stacked discs or a ring-shaped disk, which consists of compressed flakes made of amorphous or nanocrystalline alloys with the addition of plastic binders, is placed from a wound band of a soft magnetic material.
  • the extreme low noise is achieved by the disks of amorphous or nanocrystalline flakes attached to the end face of the cutting tape or ring tape core.
  • These disks largely have the very high permeability of the amorphous or nanocrystalline material in that, in contrast to powder cores, the individual particles have relatively large dimensions in the direction of flow, so that the binding agent required for strength causes only a slight impairment of the permeability.
  • the exploitation of this property is the reason for the further reduced dimensions compared to the known with the same performance.
  • the annealing treatment for setting the nanocrystalline structure is about 12 h at 480 ° C to 5 min at 700 ° C. With a thickness of less than 0.04 mm, the flakes have a length and width in the range from 0.8 to about 2.5 mm.
  • a suitable plastic binder is epoxy or phenolic resin, which is added in an amount such that a volume fill factor greater than 48%, based on the flakes, is obtained. With these values, a permeability level for the flakes disk of 500 to 1500 relative permeability can be achieved. Any crystalline soft magnetic material can be used as the material for the disc or band core. Pure iron, which can contain additives of up to 1.5% by weight of silicon or aluminum, is usually sufficient.
  • FIG. 1 shows the toroidal core 1 with the winding 2 indicated, while in FIG. 2 a section perpendicular to it is shown without the winding.
  • Fig. 2 shows that the toroidal core 1 consists of a central area, which is a conventional band core 3, on the end faces of which there are flake disks 4 and 5, which consist of amorphous or nanocrystalline material and with the help of a binder to one solid bodies are pressed together.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)

Abstract

The choke coil has a magnetic core made up of two weakly magnetic materials of different permeability and saturation induction. A ring shaped disk (4,5) is placed on at least one end of a ring core (1). The latter is formed of a stack of disks or from a wound strip of weakly magnetic material. The ring shaped disk (4,5) is made up of compressed flakes of amorphous or nanocrystalline alloys with addition of plastic binder. A ring shaped disk of compressed flakes may be fixed to each end of the ring core (3) of weakly magnetic material. The choke coil may be connected in series with a load and a control device operating according to the phase splitting process. The flakes may be arranged in the disk such that the length of the flakes runs in the direction of the flux.

Description

Zur Begrenzung leitungsgebundener hochfrequenter Störenergien werden Funkentstördrosseln im allgemeinen als Längsglieder dort eingesetzt, wo Kondensatoren allein keinen ausreichenden störungsarmen Funkempfang sicherstellen. Derartige Drosseln sind insbesondere erforderlich zur Entstörung von Halbleiter-Schaltungen, welche in bezug auf Funkstörungen einen kleinen Innenwiderstand aufweisen. Beispielsweise werden sie benötigt in mit Thyristoren arbeitenden Helligkeitsreglern. Solche Drosseln sollen

  • die notwendige Entstörung bei möglichst geringem Aufwand an Siebmitteln bewirken,
  • die eigentliche Funktion der Schaltung nicht nachteilig beeinflussen, also z. B. nach Ablauf des Schaltvorgangs für den Laststrom keinen nennenswerten ohmschen und induktiven Widerstand mehr darstellen,
  • den Halbleiter gegen zu hohe Spannungsspitzen und zu steilen Anstieg des Einschaltstromes schützen
  • sowie kleine Abmessungen haben und streuarm sein.
In order to limit conducted high-frequency interference energies, radio interference suppression chokes are generally used as series links where capacitors alone do not ensure adequate, low-interference radio reception. Such chokes are particularly necessary for interference suppression of semiconductor circuits which have a low internal resistance with respect to radio interference. For example, they are required in brightness controllers working with thyristors. Such chokes are said to
  • cause the necessary interference suppression with the least possible expenditure on sieving media,
  • do not adversely affect the actual function of the circuit, e.g. B. after the switching process for the load current no longer represent any significant ohmic and inductive resistance,
  • protect the semiconductor against too high voltage peaks and too steep an increase in the inrush current
  • as well as small dimensions and have little scatter.

Eine Ringkerndrossel, die diese Forderungen erfüllt, ist beispielsweise in DE 18 04 835 C3 beschrieben. Hier wird vorgeschlagen, für den Ringkern der Funkentstördrossel zwei unterschiedliche, weichmagnetische metallische Werkstoffe zu verwenden, wobei der erste dieser Werkstoffe eine relativ niedrige Permeabilität bei gleichzeitig hoher Sättigungsinduktion und der zweite Werkstoff eine mittlere Permeabilität aufweist.A toroidal choke that meets these requirements is described for example in DE 18 04 835 C3. Here it is proposed to use two different, soft magnetic metallic materials for the toroid of the radio interference suppression choke, the first of these materials having a relatively low permeability with high saturation induction and the second material having a medium permeability.

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Ringkerndrossel zur Funkentstörung von Halbleiterschaltungen, die nach dem Phasenanschnittverfahren arbeiten, mit einem aus zwei weichmagnetischen Materialien unterschiedlicher Permeabilität und Sättigungsinduktion zusammengesetzten Magnetkern.The invention relates to a ring core choke for radio interference suppression of semiconductor circuits which operate according to the phase gating method, with a magnetic core composed of two soft magnetic materials of different permeability and saturation induction.

Weiterhin ist es aus DE 23 43 377 B2 bekannt, für den Kern einer Funkentstördrossel neben Blechringen einen Pulverkern zu verwenden, der aus mit Kunststoff verpreßtem Eisenpulver besteht. Hierbei dient der aus mit Kunststoff verpreßtem Eisenpulver bestehende Teil des zusammengesetzten Drosselkerns als Werkstoff mit geringerer Permeabilität, da der Kunststoffbinder zwischen den Eisenteilchen magnetisch wie einzelne Luftspalte wirkt.Furthermore, it is known from DE 23 43 377 B2 to use a powder core for the core of a radio interference suppressor in addition to sheet metal rings, which core consists of iron powder pressed with plastic. Here, the part of the assembled throttle core made of plastic pressed iron powder serves as a material with lower permeability, since the plastic binder between the iron particles acts magnetically like individual air gaps.

Für magnetische Kerne, die aus gepreßtem weichmagnetischem Pulver bestehen, hat man auch schon amorphes Pulver oder auch nanokristallines Pulver verwendet. Dies geht aus EP 302 355 A1 hervor. Trotz der wesentlich höheren Permeabilität des amorphen Materials und insbesondere des nanokristallinen Materials wird aber auch hier ein Pulverkern wegen des verwendeten Binders gegenüber Massivkernen selbst aus kristallinem Material eine niedrigere Permeabilität aufweisen.For magnetic cores, which consist of compressed soft magnetic powder, amorphous powder or nanocrystalline powder has also been used. This is evident from EP 302 355 A1. Despite the significantly higher permeability of the amorphous material and in particular of the nanocrystalline material, a powder core will also have a lower permeability here compared to solid cores even from crystalline material because of the binder used.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Ringkerndrossel zur Funkentstörung zu verwenden mit einem Kernaufbau, der noch kompaktere Maße bei gleicher Leistung als bekannte Funkentstördrosseln aufweist und darüberhinaus extrem geräuscharm ist.The object of the present invention is to use a toroidal choke for radio interference suppression with a core structure which has even more compact dimensions with the same power as known radio interference suppression chokes and is also extremely quiet.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß auf mindestens eine Stirnseite eines aus gestapelten Scheiben oder aus einem gewickelten Band eines weichmagnetischen Materials gebildeten Ringkerns eine ebenfalls ringförmige Scheibe aufgesetzt ist, die aus zusammengepreßten Flakes aus amorphen oder nanokristallinen Legierungen unter Zusatz von Kunststoffbinder besteht.This object is achieved in that on at least one end face of a stacked discs or a ring-shaped disk, which consists of compressed flakes made of amorphous or nanocrystalline alloys with the addition of plastic binders, is placed from a wound band of a soft magnetic material.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben. Beim Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung erreicht man die extreme Geräuscharmut durch die an die Stirnseite des Schnittband- oder Ringbandkerns befestigten Scheiben aus amorphen oder nanokristallinen Flakes. Diese Scheiben haben weitgehend die sehr hohe Permeabilität des amorphen oder nanokristallinen Materials dadurch, daß im Gegensatz zu Pulverkernen die Einzelpartikel in Flußrichtung relativ große Abmessungen haben, so daß das zur Festigkeit erforderliche Bindemittel nur eine geringe Beeinträchtigung der Permeabilität verursacht. Die Ausnutzung dieser Eigenschaft ist die Ursache für die gegenüber dem Bekannten weiter verringerten Abmessungen bei gleicher Leistung.Advantageous further developments are described in the subclaims. In the object of the present invention, the extreme low noise is achieved by the disks of amorphous or nanocrystalline flakes attached to the end face of the cutting tape or ring tape core. These disks largely have the very high permeability of the amorphous or nanocrystalline material in that, in contrast to powder cores, the individual particles have relatively large dimensions in the direction of flow, so that the binding agent required for strength causes only a slight impairment of the permeability. The exploitation of this property is the reason for the further reduced dimensions compared to the known with the same performance.

Vorteilhafterweise verwendet man für die nanokristallinen Flakes eine Legierung von 2 bis 4 at.-% Neodym, 10 bis 18 at.-% Silizium, 5 bis 10 at.-% Bor, 0,1 bis 3 at.-% Kupfer, Rest Eisen. Die Glühbehandlung zur Einstellung der nanokristallinen Struktur beträgt etwa 12 h bei 480 °C bis 5 min bei 700 °C. Die Flakes haben bei einer Dicke von unter 0,04 mm eine Länge und Breite im Bereich von 0,8 bis etwa 2,5 mm. Als Kunststoffbinder eignet sich Epoxid- oder Phenolharz, das in einer Menge zugesetzt wird, daß sich ein Volumenfüllfaktor größer 48 %, bezogen auf die Flakes einstellt. Mit diesen Werten läßt sich ein Permeabilitätsniveau für die Flakes-Scheibe von 500 bis 1500 relative Permeabilität erreichen. Als Material für den Scheiben- oder Bandkern läßt sich jedes kristalline weichmagnetische Material verwenden. Üblicherweise genügt Reineisen, das Zusätze von bis zu 1,5 Gew.-% Silizium oder Aluminium enthalten kann.It is advantageous to use an alloy of 2 to 4 at.% Neodymium, 10 to 18 at.% Silicon, 5 to 10 at.% Boron, 0.1 to 3 at.% Copper, the rest iron for the nanocrystalline flakes . The annealing treatment for setting the nanocrystalline structure is about 12 h at 480 ° C to 5 min at 700 ° C. With a thickness of less than 0.04 mm, the flakes have a length and width in the range from 0.8 to about 2.5 mm. A suitable plastic binder is epoxy or phenolic resin, which is added in an amount such that a volume fill factor greater than 48%, based on the flakes, is obtained. With these values, a permeability level for the flakes disk of 500 to 1500 relative permeability can be achieved. Any crystalline soft magnetic material can be used as the material for the disc or band core. Pure iron, which can contain additives of up to 1.5% by weight of silicon or aluminum, is usually sufficient.

Fig. 1 zeigt den Ringkern 1 mit angedeuteter Wicklung 2, während in Fig. 2 ein Schnitt senkrecht dazu ohne die Wicklung dargestellt ist. Fig. 2 läßt erkennen, daß der Ringkern 1 aus einem mittleren Bereich besteht, der ein üblicher Bandkern 3 ist, an dessen Stirnseiten sich außen Flakes-Scheiben 4 und 5 befinden, die aus amorphem oder nanokristallinem Material bestehen und mit Hilfe eines Binders zu einem festen Körper zusammengepreßt sind.1 shows the toroidal core 1 with the winding 2 indicated, while in FIG. 2 a section perpendicular to it is shown without the winding. Fig. 2 shows that the toroidal core 1 consists of a central area, which is a conventional band core 3, on the end faces of which there are flake disks 4 and 5, which consist of amorphous or nanocrystalline material and with the help of a binder to one solid bodies are pressed together.

Als Vergleich der erfindungsgemäßen Drossel mit bekannten Anordnungen wurden Muster mit den Maßen: Außen⌀ 40 mm, Innen⌀ 23 mm und Höhe 6,5 mm gemessen. Hieraus ergaben sich folgende Werte: Kern Nr. Aufbau Entstörung Geräusche Stabilität Mindestlast A Fe-Bandkern 52 dB 25 Phon 25 W B Fe-Scheiben 52 dB 20 Phon 25 W C Einseitige Flake-Scheibe 52 dB 28 Phon 25 W D nur Flake-Scheiben 30 dB 9 Phon ≥60 W E Drossel nach DE 1804835 54 dB 38 Phon 25 W As a comparison of the throttle according to the invention with known arrangements, samples with the dimensions: outside 40 mm, inside 23 mm and height 6.5 mm were measured. This resulted in the following values: Core number construction Interference suppression Sounds Stability minimum load A Fe ribbon core 52 dB 25 phon 25 W. B Fe disks 52 dB 20 phon 25 W. C. One-sided flake disc 52 dB 28 phon 25 W. D only flake slices 30 dB 9 phon ≥60 W E Throttle according to DE 1804835 54 dB 38 phon 25 W.

Claims (5)

Ringkerndrossel zur Funkentstörung von Halbleiterschaltungen, die nach dem Phasenanschnittverfahren arbeiten, mit einem aus zwei weichmagnetischen Materialien unterschiedlicher Permeabilität und Sättigungsinduktion zusammengesetzten Magnetkern, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß auf mindestens eine Stirnseite eines aus gestapelten Scheiben oder aus einem gewickelten Band eines weichmagnetischen Materials gebildeten Ringkerns (1) eine ebenfalls ringförmige Scheibe (4,5) aufgesetzt ist, die aus zusammengepreßten Flakes aus amorphen oder nanokristallinen Legierungen unter Zusatz von Kunststoffbinder besteht.Toroidal choke for radio interference suppression of semiconductor circuits which operate according to the phase control method, with a magnetic core composed of two soft magnetic materials of different permeability and saturation induction, characterized in that on at least one end face of a ring core formed from stacked disks or from a wound band of soft magnetic material (1) a ring-shaped disc (4, 5) is also placed, which consists of compressed flakes of amorphous or nanocrystalline alloys with the addition of plastic binders. Ringkerndrossel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß auf jeder Stirnseite des Ringkerns (3) aus weichmagnetischem Material eine ringförmige Scheibe (4,5) aus zusammengepreßten Flakes aufgebracht ist.Toroidal choke according to claim 1, characterized in that an annular disk (4, 5) made of compressed flakes is applied to each end face of the toroidal core (3) made of soft magnetic material. Ringkerndrossel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß sie in Reihe zu einem Verbraucher und einer Steuereinrichtung, die nach dem Phasenanschnittverfahren arbeitet, geschaltet ist.Toroidal choke according to claim 1, characterized in that it is connected in series to a consumer and a control device which operates according to the phase control method. Ringkerndrossel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die Legierung der zusammengepreßten Flakes die Zusammensetzung 2 bis 4 at.-% Neodym, 10 bis 18 at.-% Silizium, 5 bis 10 at.-% Bor, 0,1 bis 3 at.-% Kupfer, Rest Eisen, enthält und aus durch Kristallisation des amorphen Materials hervorgerufener nanokristalliner Struktur besteht.Toroidal choke according to claim 1, characterized in that the alloy of the compressed flakes has the composition 2 to 4 at.% Neodymium, 10 to 18 at.% Silicon, 5 to 10 at.% Boron, 0.1 to 3 at. -% copper, balance iron, contains and consists of nanocrystalline structure caused by crystallization of the amorphous material. Ringkerndrossel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Flakes innerhalb der Scheiben so ausgerichtet sind, daß die Längsabmessungen der Flakes in Richtung des Flusses verlaufen.Toroidal choke according to claim 1, characterized in that the flakes are aligned within the disks so that the longitudinal dimensions of the flakes run in the direction of the river.
EP97102212A 1996-03-07 1997-02-12 Toroidal inductance for radio interference suppression of phase-controllable semiconductor circuits Expired - Lifetime EP0794539B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19608891A DE19608891A1 (en) 1996-03-07 1996-03-07 Toroidal choke for radio interference suppression of semiconductor circuits using the phase control method
DE19608891 1996-03-07

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EP0794539A1 true EP0794539A1 (en) 1997-09-10
EP0794539B1 EP0794539B1 (en) 2000-05-31

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DE (2) DE19608891A1 (en)
DK (1) DK0794539T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2148854T3 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4177913A1 (en) * 2021-11-04 2023-05-10 Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co., Ltd. Magnetic element and electronic device

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DE19849781A1 (en) * 1998-10-28 2000-05-11 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh Injection molded soft magnetic powder composite and process for its manufacture
DE19908374B4 (en) * 1999-02-26 2004-11-18 Magnequench Gmbh Particle composite material made of a thermoplastic plastic matrix with embedded soft magnetic material, method for producing such a composite body, and its use
DE10024824A1 (en) * 2000-05-19 2001-11-29 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh Inductive component and method for its production
DE10134056B8 (en) 2001-07-13 2014-05-28 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Process for the production of nanocrystalline magnetic cores and apparatus for carrying out the process
DE102005034486A1 (en) 2005-07-20 2007-02-01 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Process for the production of a soft magnetic core for generators and generator with such a core
DE102006028389A1 (en) 2006-06-19 2007-12-27 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Magnetic core, formed from a combination of a powder nanocrystalline or amorphous particle and a press additive and portion of other particle surfaces is smooth section or fracture surface without deformations
KR101060091B1 (en) 2006-07-12 2011-08-29 바쿰슈멜체 게엠베하 운트 코. 카게 Method of manufacturing magnetic core and induction element with magnetic core and magnetic core
DE102007034925A1 (en) 2007-07-24 2009-01-29 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Method for producing magnetic cores, magnetic core and inductive component with a magnetic core
US7830236B2 (en) 2008-09-09 2010-11-09 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. DC-DC converter for fuel cell application using hybrid inductor core material

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3781740A (en) * 1970-11-27 1973-12-25 Siemens Ag Radio interference elimination choke for suppressing impulse like interference voltages
DE2736963A1 (en) * 1977-08-17 1979-02-22 Hartmann Goetz Udo Radio interference suppression choke for semiconductor circuits - esp. for lighting dimmers, and using multilayer iron core
GB2004136A (en) * 1977-09-07 1979-03-21 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Semiconductor circuit having a series-connected reactor
US4197146A (en) * 1978-10-24 1980-04-08 General Electric Company Molded amorphous metal electrical magnetic components
JPS58155704A (en) * 1982-03-12 1983-09-16 Hitachi Metals Ltd Wound iron core
EP0677856A1 (en) * 1990-09-28 1995-10-18 Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. Container for storing an annular magnetic core

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3781740A (en) * 1970-11-27 1973-12-25 Siemens Ag Radio interference elimination choke for suppressing impulse like interference voltages
DE2736963A1 (en) * 1977-08-17 1979-02-22 Hartmann Goetz Udo Radio interference suppression choke for semiconductor circuits - esp. for lighting dimmers, and using multilayer iron core
GB2004136A (en) * 1977-09-07 1979-03-21 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Semiconductor circuit having a series-connected reactor
US4197146A (en) * 1978-10-24 1980-04-08 General Electric Company Molded amorphous metal electrical magnetic components
JPS58155704A (en) * 1982-03-12 1983-09-16 Hitachi Metals Ltd Wound iron core
EP0677856A1 (en) * 1990-09-28 1995-10-18 Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. Container for storing an annular magnetic core

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 007, no. 276 (E - 215) 9 December 1983 (1983-12-09) *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4177913A1 (en) * 2021-11-04 2023-05-10 Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co., Ltd. Magnetic element and electronic device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19608891A1 (en) 1997-09-11
ES2148854T3 (en) 2000-10-16
DK0794539T3 (en) 2000-10-16
DE59701794D1 (en) 2000-07-06
EP0794539B1 (en) 2000-05-31

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