EP0793403B1 - Improvement in LED circuits, especially for vehicles, signalisation lights and control panels - Google Patents
Improvement in LED circuits, especially for vehicles, signalisation lights and control panels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0793403B1 EP0793403B1 EP97101399A EP97101399A EP0793403B1 EP 0793403 B1 EP0793403 B1 EP 0793403B1 EP 97101399 A EP97101399 A EP 97101399A EP 97101399 A EP97101399 A EP 97101399A EP 0793403 B1 EP0793403 B1 EP 0793403B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- light
- circuit
- circuit according
- emitting diodes
- dipole
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
- F21S43/10—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by the light source
- F21S43/13—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
- F21S43/14—Light emitting diodes [LED]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/40—Details of LED load circuits
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improvement to light-emitting diode illumination circuits, in particular for motor vehicles, as well as a device such as a signaling light or a control panel, incorporating it.
- Such circuits are known for example from EP-A-0 695 112.
- a light source in equipment for a motor vehicle a set of light emitting diodes to replace one or more filament lamps used conventionally. It may in particular be a complementary brake light, a side repeater or a signaling light, especially traditional rear.
- FIG. 1 there is shown an electrical diagram of an illumination circuit according to the prior art.
- the circuit illumination includes an array of LED light emitting diodes, which is powered by battery voltage through a supply circuit, via two connection terminals 28 and 29.
- the array of LED light-emitting diodes comprises in this case sixteen diodes connected in a circuit mixed parallel / series comprising, in series, four groups of four light-emitting diodes in parallel.
- Such an assembly makes it possible to reduce the overall consumption of the circuit compared to an assembly which would include the sixteen diodes in parallel, and allows the illumination circuit to continue to function correctly in the event of failure of one of the light-emitting diodes, which would not be the case in an assembly which would include the sixteen diodes in series.
- the supply circuit conventionally comprises a VDR varistor connected in parallel between the terminals of connection 28 and 29, a diode D and a resistor R in series, as well as a Zener diode DZ and a capacitor C in parallel.
- light emitting diodes are components that exhibit a large current excursion for low voltage excursions around a nominal conduction voltage.
- the voltage across the battery is likely to vary quite significantly in depending on its state of charge and the ambient temperature, conventionally between 11 and 16 volts.
- the nominal conduction voltage of commercially available light-emitting diodes is present, by construction, a dispersion which can be significant over a given set of components, since it is not for example guaranteed by the manufacturer that between 1.9 and 2.7 volts.
- the current in the light-emitting diodes can vary appreciably depending on the light emitting diodes used and the operating conditions, which causes variations light intensity up to a ratio of 1 to 3.
- the present invention aims to propose means for carrying out an assembly of light-emitting diodes of the type of a mixed parallel / series network with a slightly variable lighting characteristic as a function of the excursion of the voltage across the battery and of the dispersion over the nominal conduction voltage of the diodes electroluminescent used.
- the mixed parallel / series network 30 of FIG. 1 consists of "Rows” and “columns” of LED light emitting diodes, by analogy with the mathematical concept of matrix.
- N a determined number of light-emitting diodes in a mixed parallel / series arrangement.
- N twelve three-line light-emitting diodes and four columns
- the minimum number of light-emitting diodes to be used in the application is determined. envisaged as a function of the overall illumination required, and a number N of diodes is chosen which is just greater said minimum number and which is written as the product of two natural integers i and j.
- N the first number which is suitable for reasons of cost of the components, of space requirement in the equipment, and the power consumption of the lighting circuit.
- the invention aims to overcome the drawbacks of the aforementioned state of the art by proposing means allowing to reconcile all of the building rules set out above.
- the invention relates to an illumination circuit with light-emitting diodes supplied by a voltage continues through a supply circuit, in particular for motor vehicles, which comprises a number N of light-emitting diodes arranged in a mixed parallel / series network comprising i rows and j columns, characterized in that the product i.j is equal to a number M which is greater than said number N, the M-N branches of said network which does not include a light-emitting diode comprising either an open circuit or a first dipole essentially resistive.
- the invention also relates to a signaling light for a motor vehicle, comprising an illumination circuit as described above.
- control panel in particular for heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning installation.
- a motor vehicle comprising an illumination circuit as above.
- the value of the resistance R is determined as j times the value of the nominal current In which must flow in the LED light emitting diodes. This resistance must be chosen so as to be able to dissipate by joule effect a relatively large power, of the order of 7 Watts (W).
- Such resistance is a relatively expensive and bulky component, and, for reasons of space in for example the case of a light bar such as a complementary brake light for a vehicle, must often be mounted by insertion on a separate circuit from that on which the LED light-emitting diodes are mounted.
- the resistors Ri are components to surface mount (CMS) which are very small and which exist at relatively low prices on the market.
- CMS surface mount
- This circuit is supplied via two terminals of connection 28 and 29. It includes a network 30 produced according to a mixed parallel / series mounting, some branches of which include a light emitting diode LED in series with a resistor Ri, and of which other branches essentially include a dipole resistive 22 or 23 whose exact nature will be explained later with particular reference to Figures 3a to 3d.
- the supply circuit includes a diode D mounted in series for protection against reverse polarity between connection terminals 28 and 29, as well as a mounted VDR varistor in parallel and to protect the illumination circuit against variations in the battery voltage applied between connection terminals 28 and 29.
- the supply circuit can also but not necessarily include a Zener DZ diode as well as a capacitor C connected in parallel with the diode network 30 LED light emitting lights.
- Components D, VDR, DZ, and C above, existing on the market as surface mount components (CMS) it is possible, according to an advantage of the present invention, to deposit using a programmable automatic machine, with the LED light-emitting diodes and the resistors Ri on the same printed circuit, and solder them in the wave or by reflow in one operation.
- CMS surface mount components
- the network therefore comprises N branches which include a light emitting diode LED optionally but not necessarily in series with a resistance Ri, and comprises M-N branches which include an essentially resistive dipole referenced 22 and 23 in Figure 2.
- the M-N branches of the network that does not include a LED light emitting diode include an open circuit instead of any dipole, that is, they understand nothing. This produces a network which can be described as irregular since, necessarily, each line i does not include the same number j i of diodes in parallel, with the consequence that the diodes of two lines different are not necessarily crossed by the same current and therefore do not produce the same illumination.
- FIGS. 3a to 3d different modes of possible, but not limiting, realization of dipole 22 or 23 which can be arranged in certain branches of network 30 to be substitute for the missing M-N light emitting diodes for complete this network with M branches.
- the dipole comprises a simple resistor 31.
- FIG. 3b it includes two resistors 32 and 33 in series, which, in a preferred embodiment, each have the same value as the resistors Ri connected in series with the N LED light-emitting diodes in the N other branches of the network.
- the programmable automatic machine store which places the components on the printed circuit during assembly in the factory advantageously only has a reference of resistances. This limits the multiplicity of references during supplies and allows to consume a larger quantity of the same components, therefore to obtain lower prices from suppliers.
- the dipole comprises a resistor 34 in series with a diode (a conventional junction diode).
- the dipole includes a resistor 36 similarly value as the N resistors Ri, in series with a Zener diode 37 whose conduction voltage will advantageously be chosen close the conduction voltage of LED light-emitting diodes used in the N other branches of the network.
- the first circuit consumes a current I1 equal to about 220mA and the second circuit consumes an I2 current worth about 330mA due to the fact that it has six columns of diodes at instead of four.
- the straight line 42 is liable to move parallel to itself depending on the dispersion of the conduction voltage Vd of light-emitting diodes with a excursion E2 lower than the corresponding excursion E1 of the right 41, which indicates the lower dependence of the current total Itot with respect to variations in said voltage Vd.
- the total current Itot of the first circuit can vary between a minimum value Imin1 and a maximum value Imax1, while the second circuit can vary between a minimum value Imin2 greater than said value Imin1 and a maximum value Imax2 lower than said value Imax1.
- the advantages of the invention can be summarized by saying that the Vbat / Itot operating point of the illumination circuit according to the invention can move depending on the voltage excursion across the battery and the voltage dispersion of conduction of light emitting diodes in a parallelogram 52 whose surface is much smaller than the surface corresponding to the parallelogram 51 of a circuit according to art prior.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)
- Led Devices (AREA)
- Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
Description
La présente invention concerne un perfectionnement aux circuits d'illumination à diodes électroluminescentes, notamment pour véhicules automobiles, ainsi qu'un dispositif tel qu'un feu de signalisation ou un tableau de commande, l'incorporant. De tels circuits sont connus par exemple de EP-A-0 695 112.The present invention relates to an improvement to light-emitting diode illumination circuits, in particular for motor vehicles, as well as a device such as a signaling light or a control panel, incorporating it. Such circuits are known for example from EP-A-0 695 112.
II est de plus en plus fréquent d'utiliser comme source lumineuse dans un équipement pour véhicule automobile un ensemble de diodes électroluminescentes en remplacement d'une ou plusieurs lampes à filament utilisées conventionnellement. Il peut s'agir notamment d'un feu stop complémentaire, d'un répétiteur latéral ou d'un feu de signalisation, notamment arrière traditionnel.It is more and more common to use as a light source in equipment for a motor vehicle a set of light emitting diodes to replace one or more filament lamps used conventionally. It may in particular be a complementary brake light, a side repeater or a signaling light, especially traditional rear.
A la figure 1, on a représenté un schéma électrique d'un circuit d'illumination conforme à l'art antérieur. Le circuit
d'illumination comprend un réseau de diodes électroluminescentes DEL, qui est alimenté par la tension de la batterie
à travers un circuit d'alimentation, par l'intermédiaire de deux bornes de connexion 28 et 29.In Figure 1, there is shown an electrical diagram of an illumination circuit according to the prior art. The circuit
illumination includes an array of LED light emitting diodes, which is powered by battery voltage
through a supply circuit, via two
Le réseau de diodes électroluminescentes DEL comprend en l'espèce seize diodes connectées selon un montage mixte parallèle/série comprenant, en série, quatre groupes de quatre diodes électroluminescentes en parallèle. On se référera dans la suite aux « branches » du réseau pour désigner les branches électriques au sens des lois de Kirchoff (loi des mailles et loi des noeuds) qui contiennent chacune une desdites diodes électroluminescentes DEL sur le schéma de la figure 1.The array of LED light-emitting diodes comprises in this case sixteen diodes connected in a circuit mixed parallel / series comprising, in series, four groups of four light-emitting diodes in parallel. We are will refer in the following to the “branches” of the network to designate the electrical branches within the meaning of the laws of Kirchoff (law of the meshes and law of the nodes) which each contain one of the said light-emitting diodes LED on the diagram of figure 1.
Un tel montage permet de diminuer la consommation globale du circuit par rapport à un montage qui comprendrait les seize diodes en parallèle, et permet au circuit d'illumination de continuer à fonctionner de façon correcte en cas de défaillance de l'une des diodes électroluminescentes, ce qui ne serait pas le cas dans un montage qui comprendrait les seize diodes en série.Such an assembly makes it possible to reduce the overall consumption of the circuit compared to an assembly which would include the sixteen diodes in parallel, and allows the illumination circuit to continue to function correctly in the event of failure of one of the light-emitting diodes, which would not be the case in an assembly which would include the sixteen diodes in series.
Le circuit d'alimentation comprend classiquement une varistance VDR connectée en parallèle entre les bornes de
connexion 28 et 29, une diode D et une résistance R en série, ainsi qu'une diode Zener DZ et un condensateur C en
parallèle.The supply circuit conventionally comprises a VDR varistor connected in parallel between the terminals of
Cependant, au contraire des lampes à filament conventionnelles qui présentent une caractéristique courant/tension sensiblement rectiligne et de pente relativement faible dans l'intervalle de variation de la tension aux bornes batterie, les diodes électroluminescentes sont des composants qui présentent une forte excursion en courant pour de faibles excursions en tension autour d'une tension de conduction nominale.However, unlike conventional filament lamps which have a current / voltage characteristic substantially straight and of relatively low slope in the range of variation of the voltage at the battery terminals, light emitting diodes are components that exhibit a large current excursion for low voltage excursions around a nominal conduction voltage.
Or, dans un véhicule, la tension aux bornes de la batterie est susceptible de varier de façon assez importante en fonction de son état de charge et de la température ambiante, classiquement entre 11 et 16 volts.However, in a vehicle, the voltage across the battery is likely to vary quite significantly in depending on its state of charge and the ambient temperature, conventionally between 11 and 16 volts.
De plus, la tension de conduction nominale des diodes électroluminescentes disponibles dans le commerce présente, par construction, une dispersion qui peut être importante sur un jeu de composants déterminé, puisqu'elle n'est par exemple garantie par le fabricant qu'entre 1,9 et 2,7 volts.In addition, the nominal conduction voltage of commercially available light-emitting diodes is present, by construction, a dispersion which can be significant over a given set of components, since it is not for example guaranteed by the manufacturer that between 1.9 and 2.7 volts.
De ces deux facteurs il résulte que le courant dans les diodes électroluminescentes peut varier de façon sensible selon les diodes électroluminescentes utilisées et selon les conditions de fonctionnement, ce qui engendre des variations d'intensité lumineuse pouvant aller jusqu'à un rapport de 1 à 3.From these two factors it follows that the current in the light-emitting diodes can vary appreciably depending on the light emitting diodes used and the operating conditions, which causes variations light intensity up to a ratio of 1 to 3.
La présente invention vise à proposer des moyens pour réaliser un montage de diodes électroluminescentes du type d'un réseau mixte parallèle/série présentant une caractéristique d'éclairement faiblement variable en fonction de l'excursion de la tension aux bornes de la batterie et de la dispersion sur la tension de conduction nominale des diodes électroluminescentes utilisées.The present invention aims to propose means for carrying out an assembly of light-emitting diodes of the type of a mixed parallel / series network with a slightly variable lighting characteristic as a function of the excursion of the voltage across the battery and of the dispersion over the nominal conduction voltage of the diodes electroluminescent used.
Afin de clarifier l'exposé qui suit, on considère que le réseau mixte parallèle/série 30 de la figure 1 est constitué de « lignes » et de « colonnes » de diodes électroluminescentes DEL, par analogie avec la notion mathématique de matrice.In order to clarify the description which follows, it is considered that the mixed parallel / series network 30 of FIG. 1 consists of "Rows" and "columns" of LED light emitting diodes, by analogy with the mathematical concept of matrix.
Ainsi, on note i le nombre de lignes de diodes électroluminescentes DEL mises en série dans le réseau 30, et j le nombre de colonnes de diodes électroluminescentes DEL mises en parallèle dans ledit réseau.Thus, we denote i the number of lines of LED light-emitting diodes put in series in the network 30, and j the number of columns of LED light-emitting diodes placed in parallel in said array.
Il est connu de disposer un nombre N déterminé de diodes électroluminescentes selon un montage mixte parallèle/série tel que i.j = N. Par exemple, on connaít des réseaux de seize diodes électroluminescentes à quatre lignes et quatre colonnes (N=16 ; i=4 ; j=4), des réseaux de douze diodes électroluminescentes à trois lignes et quatre colonnes(N=12 ; i=3 ; j=4), ou encore des réseaux de vingt diodes électroluminescentes à quatre lignes et cinq colonnes(N=20 ; i=4 ; j=5).It is known to have a determined number N of light-emitting diodes in a mixed parallel / series arrangement. such as i.j = N. For example, we know arrays of sixteen light-emitting diodes with four lines and four columns (N = 16; i = 4; j = 4), arrays of twelve three-line light-emitting diodes and four columns (N = 12 ; i = 3; j = 4), or again arrays of twenty light-emitting diodes with four lines and five columns (N = 20 ; i = 4; j = 5).
Dans la pratique, on détermine le nombre minimal de diodes électroluminescentes qu'il faut utiliser dans l'application envisagée en fonction de l'éclairement global requis, et on choisit un nombre N de diodes qui soit juste supérieur audit nombre minimal et qui s'écrive comme le produit de deux entiers naturels i et j. On se limite en effet généralement au premier nombre N qui convienne pour des raisons de coût des composants, d'encombrement spatial dans l'équipement, et de consommation électrique du circuit d'illumination.In practice, the minimum number of light-emitting diodes to be used in the application is determined. envisaged as a function of the overall illumination required, and a number N of diodes is chosen which is just greater said minimum number and which is written as the product of two natural integers i and j. We generally limit ourselves the first number N which is suitable for reasons of cost of the components, of space requirement in the equipment, and the power consumption of the lighting circuit.
Cependant, ainsi qu'il sera expliqué plus en détails dans la description ci-dessous, il a été constaté que certaines configurations du réseau mixte parallèle/série permettent de réduire l'influence des variations de la tension aux bornes de la batterie et de la dispersion de la tension de conduction des diodes sur le courant total consommé par le circuit d'illuminations, c'est à dire sur l'éclairement produit par ledit circuit. Ces constatations conduisent à choisir un nombre i déterminé de lignes du réseau mixte parallèle/série.However, as will be explained in more detail in the description below, it has been found that some mixed parallel / series network configurations reduce the influence of terminal voltage variations of the battery and the dispersion of the conduction voltage of the diodes on the total current consumed by the circuit of illuminations, that is to say on the illumination produced by said circuit. These observations lead to choosing a number i determined lines of the mixed parallel / series network.
II est évident qu'il n'est pas forcément possible de respecter cette nouvelle contrainte sans remettre en question les choix effectués en fonction des règles classiques de construction d'un tel réseau.It is obvious that it is not necessarily possible to respect this new constraint without questioning the choices made according to the classic rules for building such a network.
Ainsi, si l'on a calculé qu'il convient d'utiliser au minimum seize diodes électroluminescentes pour produire l'éclairement requis dans une application donnée, l'homme du métier serait conduit a disposer ces seize diodes dans un réseau à quatre lignes et à quatre colonnes (ou accessoirement un réseau à deux lignes et huit colonnes ou réciproquement). Mais si, comme l'enseigne l'invention on constate qu'un réseau comportant trois lignes produit de meilleurs résultats en termes d'excursion de l'éclairement en fonction des variations de la tension aux bornes de la batterie et de la dispersion des caractéristiques des diodes, alors il lui faudra utiliser un ensemble de dix-huit diodes car ce nombre est le premier qui soit à la fois supérieur à seize et qui soit un multiple de trois.Thus, if it has been calculated that a minimum of sixteen light-emitting diodes should be used to produce the illumination required in a given application, a person skilled in the art would have to arrange these sixteen diodes in a network with four lines and four columns (or incidentally a network with two lines and eight columns or vice versa). But if, as the invention teaches, it is found that a network comprising three lines produces better results in terms of excursion of the illumination as a function of the variations of the voltage across the terminals of the battery and of the dispersion of the characteristics of the diodes, then it will have to use a set of eighteen diodes because this number is the first which is both greater than sixteen and a multiple of three.
Or, essentiellement pour des contraintes de place dans un boítier, il peut s'avérer impossible d'utiliser dix-huit diodes là où il était possible d'en utiliser seize.However, essentially for space constraints in a box, it may prove impossible to use eighteen diodes where it was possible to use sixteen.
L'invention vise à pallier les inconvénients de l'état de la technique précités en proposant des moyens permettant de concilier l'ensemble des règles de construction énoncées ci-dessus.The invention aims to overcome the drawbacks of the aforementioned state of the art by proposing means allowing to reconcile all of the building rules set out above.
En effet l'invention concerne un circuit d'illumination à diodes électroluminescentes alimentées par une tension continue à travers un circuit d'alimentation, notamment pour véhicules automobiles, qui comprend un nombre N de diodes électroluminescentes disposées dans un réseau mixte parallèle/série comprenant i lignes et j colonnes, caractérisé en ce que le produit i.j est égal à un nombre M qui est supérieur audit nombre N, les M-N branches dudit réseau qui ne comprennent pas de diode électroluminescente comprenant soit un circuit ouvert soit un premier dipôle essentiellement résistif.Indeed, the invention relates to an illumination circuit with light-emitting diodes supplied by a voltage continues through a supply circuit, in particular for motor vehicles, which comprises a number N of light-emitting diodes arranged in a mixed parallel / series network comprising i rows and j columns, characterized in that the product i.j is equal to a number M which is greater than said number N, the M-N branches of said network which does not include a light-emitting diode comprising either an open circuit or a first dipole essentially resistive.
Selon d'autres caractéristiques de l'invention, prises isolément ou en combinaison :
- le réseau comprend un nombre de lignes i égal à trois ;
- chaque diode électroluminescente est connectée en série avec un second dipôle essentiellement résistif comprenant une résistance ;
- le premier dipôle essentiellement résistif comprend au moins une résistance ;
- le premier dipôle essentiellement résistif comprend deux résistances de même valeur que la résistance dudit second dipôle essentiellement résistif ;
- le premier dipôle essentiellement résistif comprend une résistance et une diode en série ;
- le premier dipôle essentiellement résistif comprend une résistance et une diode Zener ;
- la résistance ci-dessus est de même valeur que la résistance du premier dipôle essentiellement résistif et la tension seuil de la diode Zener est de même valeur que la tension de conduction des diodes électroluminescentes ;
- le circuit d'alimentation comprend une diode en série, et une varistance en parallèle ;
- le circuit d'alimentation comprend également une diode Zener et un condensateur en parallèle.
- the network comprises a number of lines i equal to three;
- each light emitting diode is connected in series with a second essentially resistive dipole comprising a resistor;
- the first essentially resistive dipole comprises at least one resistor;
- the first essentially resistive dipole comprises two resistors of the same value as the resistance of said second essentially resistive dipole;
- the first essentially resistive dipole comprises a resistor and a diode in series;
- the first essentially resistive dipole comprises a resistor and a Zener diode;
- the above resistance is the same value as the resistance of the first essentially resistive dipole and the threshold voltage of the Zener diode is the same value as the conduction voltage of the light-emitting diodes;
- the supply circuit comprises a diode in series, and a varistor in parallel;
- the power supply circuit also includes a Zener diode and a capacitor in parallel.
L'invention concerne également un feu de signalisation pour véhicule automobile, comprenant un circuit d'illumination tel que décrit ci-dessus.The invention also relates to a signaling light for a motor vehicle, comprising an illumination circuit as described above.
Elle concerne enfin un tableau de commande, notamment pour installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation pour véhicule automobile, comprenant un circuit d'illumination tel que ci-dessus.Finally, it relates to a control panel, in particular for heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning installation. for a motor vehicle, comprising an illumination circuit as above.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaítront à la lecture de la description non limitative qui suit, en référence aux dessins annexés qui sont :
- A la figure 1, déjà analysée, un circuit d'illumination selon l'art antérieur ;
- A la figure 2 : un circuit d'illumination selon la présente invention ;
- A la figure 3 : un diagramme de la caractéristique du courant total consommé par le circuit selon l'invention, en fonction de la tension de la batterie.
- In FIG. 1, already analyzed, an illumination circuit according to the prior art;
- In Figure 2: an illumination circuit according to the present invention;
- In FIG. 3: a diagram of the characteristic of the total current consumed by the circuit according to the invention, as a function of the battery voltage.
Si l'on s'intéresse de nouveau au circuit de la figure 1, on constate que la résistance R est parcourue par le courant total Itot qui est consommé par le circuit d'illumination. Ce courant est la somme des j courants (ici j=4) parcourant les j branches de diodes électroluminescentes connectées en parallèles dans le réseau 30.If we look again at the circuit of Figure 1, we see that the resistance R is crossed by the current total Itot which is consumed by the lighting circuit. This current is the sum of the j currents (here j = 4) traversing the j branches of light-emitting diodes connected in parallel in the network 30.
La valeur de la résistance R est déterminée comme j fois la valeur du courant nominal In qui doit circuler dans les diodes électroluminescentes DEL. Cette résistance doit être choisie de manière à pouvoir dissiper par effet joule une puissance relativement importante, de l'ordre de 7 Watts (W).The value of the resistance R is determined as j times the value of the nominal current In which must flow in the LED light emitting diodes. This resistance must be chosen so as to be able to dissipate by joule effect a relatively large power, of the order of 7 Watts (W).
Une telle résistance est un composant relativement cher et volumineux, et, pour des raisons d'encombrement dans le cas par exemple d'une rampe de feu comme un feu stop complémentaire pour véhicule, doit souvent être monté par insertion sur un circuit imprimé distinct de celui sur lequel sont montées les diodes électroluminescentes DEL.Such resistance is a relatively expensive and bulky component, and, for reasons of space in for example the case of a light bar such as a complementary brake light for a vehicle, must often be mounted by insertion on a separate circuit from that on which the LED light-emitting diodes are mounted.
C'est pourquoi, selon un avantage du circuit selon l'invention tel que représenté à la figure 2, elle est remplacée par des résistances Ri de plus petite valeur et devant dissiper des puissances beaucoup moins élevées (de l'ordre de 0,25W ou 0,5W), qui sont connectées en série avec les diodes électroluminescentes DEL dans chaque branche du réseau 30 comportant une telle diode.This is why, according to an advantage of the circuit according to the invention as shown in FIG. 2, it is replaced by resistors Ri of smaller value and having to dissipate much lower powers (of the order of 0.25W or 0.5W), which are connected in series with the LED light-emitting diodes in each branch of the network 30 having such a diode.
Avantageusement, les résistances Ri sont des composants à montage en surface (CMS) qui sont de très petite taille et qui existent à relativement bas prix sur le marché. Ceci présente en outre comme avantage le fait que les résistances peuvent être déposées par une machine et soudées à la vague en même temps que les diodes électroluminescentes DEL, sur un même circuit imprimé.Advantageously, the resistors Ri are components to surface mount (CMS) which are very small and which exist at relatively low prices on the market. This presents in in addition to the advantage that the resistors can be deposited by a machine and welded to the wave at the same time as LED light-emitting diodes, on the same printed circuit.
A la figure 2, sur laquelle sur les mêmes éléments qu'à la figure 1, portent les mêmes références, on a représenté un mode de réalisation possible d'un circuit d'illumination selon l'invention. In Figure 2, on which on the same elements as in Figure 1, have the same references, there is shown a mode of possible realization of an illumination circuit according to the invention.
Ce circuit est alimenté par l'intermédiaire de deux bornes de
connexion 28 et 29. Il comprend un réseau 30 réalisé selon un
montage mixte parallèle/série, dont certaines branches comprennent
une diode électroluminescente DEL en série avec une résistance Ri,
et dont d'autres branches comprennent un dipôle essentiellement
résistif 22 ou 23 dont la nature exacte sera explicitée plus loin
en regard notamment des figures 3a à 3d.This circuit is supplied via two terminals of
Le circuit d'alimentation comprend une diode D montée en
série pour la protection contre l'inversion de polarité entre les
bornes de connexion 28 et 29, ainsi qu'une varistance VDR montée
en parallèle et permettant de protéger le circuit d'illumination
contre les variations de la tension de la batterie appliquée entre
les bornes de connexion 28 et 29.The supply circuit includes a diode D mounted in
series for protection against reverse polarity between
Le circuit d'alimentation peut également mais non nécessairement comprendre une diode Zener DZ ainsi qu'un condensateur C connecté en parallèle avec le réseau 30 de diodes électroluminescentes DEL.The supply circuit can also but not necessarily include a Zener DZ diode as well as a capacitor C connected in parallel with the diode network 30 LED light emitting lights.
Les composants D,VDR,DZ, et C ci-dessus, existants sur le marché en tant que composants à montage en surface (CMS), il est possible, selon un avantage de la présente invention, de les déposer à l'aide d'une machine automatique programmable, avec les diodes électroluminescentes DEL et les résistances Ri sur un même circuit imprimé, et de les souder à la vague ou par refusion en une seule opération.Components D, VDR, DZ, and C above, existing on the market as surface mount components (CMS) it is possible, according to an advantage of the present invention, to deposit using a programmable automatic machine, with the LED light-emitting diodes and the resistors Ri on the same printed circuit, and solder them in the wave or by reflow in one operation.
A la différence du réseau parallèle/série de la figure 1, le réseau parallèle/série 30 de la figure 2 comporte trois lignes (i=3) et six colonnes (j=6) en sorte qu'il comprend en tout dix-huit branches (M=18).Unlike the parallel / serial network in Figure 1, the parallel network / series 30 of figure 2 has three lines (i = 3) and six columns (j = 6) so that it includes a total of eighteen branches (M = 18).
On expliquera plus loin, en regard de la figure 4, les raisons pratiques qui poussent à utiliser un réseau comprenant trois lignes alors que, s'agissant par exemple d'une application dans laquelle seulement seize diodes électroluminescentes DEL sont requises pour atteindre le rayonnement lumineux désiré et dans laquelle, pour des raisons de coût et de place disponible dans le feu devant recevoir le circuit d'illumination, on ne peut se permettre d'utiliser dix-huit diodes électroluminescentes, il serait plus simple de connecter lesdites seize diodes (N=16) selon un réseau à quatre lignes et à quatre colonnes.We will explain later, with reference to Figure 4, the practical reasons for using a network comprising three lines while, for example being an application in which only sixteen LED light emitting diodes are required to achieve the desired light radiation and in which, for reasons of cost and space available in the light to receive the lighting circuit, we cannot allow to use eighteen light emitting diodes it would be easier to connect said sixteen diodes (N = 16) according a network with four lines and four columns.
Selon l'invention le réseau comporte donc N branches qui comprennent une diode électroluminescente DEL éventuellement mais non obligatoirement en série avec une résistance Ri, et comporte M-N branches qui comprennent un dipôle essentiellement résistif référencé 22 et 23 à la figure 2.According to the invention, the network therefore comprises N branches which include a light emitting diode LED optionally but not necessarily in series with a resistance Ri, and comprises M-N branches which include an essentially resistive dipole referenced 22 and 23 in Figure 2.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, les M-N branches du réseau qui ne comprennent pas de diode électroluminescente DEL comprennent un circuit ouvert au lieu et place de tout dipôle, c'est à dire qu'elles ne comprennent rien. Ceci produit un réseau que l'on peut qualifier d'irrégulier puisque, nécessairement, chaque lignes i ne comprend pas le même nombre j i de diodes en parallèle, avec pour conséquence que les diodes de deux lignes différentes ne sont pas forcément parcourues par le même courant et donc ne produisent pas le même éclairement.According to another embodiment, the M-N branches of the network that does not include a LED light emitting diode include an open circuit instead of any dipole, that is, they understand nothing. This produces a network which can be described as irregular since, necessarily, each line i does not include the same number j i of diodes in parallel, with the consequence that the diodes of two lines different are not necessarily crossed by the same current and therefore do not produce the same illumination.
Cet inconvénient peut cependant être acceptable, notamment dans le cas où le circuit d'illumination est utilisé dans un feu comprenant des moyens optiques tels que des prismes ou des lentilles qui atténuent les différences d'éclairement des diodes pour produire un éclairement global uniforme.This drawback may however be acceptable, in particular in case the lighting circuit is used in a fire comprising optical means such as prisms or lenses which attenuate the differences in diode illumination to produce uniform overall illumination.
Sur les figures 3a à 3d, on a représenté différents modes de
réalisation possibles, mais non limitatifs, du dipôle 22 ou 23 qui
peut être disposé dans certaines branches du réseau 30 pour se
substituer aux M-N diodes électroluminescentes manquant pour
compléter ce réseau à M branches.In FIGS. 3a to 3d, different modes of
possible, but not limiting, realization of
A la figure 3a, le dipôle comprend une simple résistance 31.In FIG. 3a, the dipole comprises a
A la figure 3b, il comprend deux résistances 32 et 33 en
série, qui, dans un mode de réalisation préféré, ont chacune la
même valeur que les résistances Ri connectées en série avec les N
diodes électroluminescentes DEL dans les N autres branches du
réseau. Ainsi, le magasin de la machine automatique programmable
qui place les composants sur le circuit imprimé lors du montage en
usine ne comporte avantageusement qu'une référence de résistances.
Ceci limite la multiplicité de références lors des
approvisionnements et permet de consommer une quantité plus grande
du même composants, donc d'obtenir des prix plus bas auprès des
fournisseurs.In FIG. 3b, it includes two
A la figure 3c, le dipôle comprend une résistance 34 en série
avec une diode (une diode à jonction classique).In FIG. 3c, the dipole comprises a
A la figure 3d, le dipôle comprend une résistance 36 de même
valeur que les N résistances Ri, en série avec une diode Zener 37
dont la tension de conduction sera avantageusement choisie proche
de la tension de conduction des diodes électroluminescentes DEL
utilisées dans les N autres branches du réseau.In Figure 3d, the dipole includes a
On s'intéresse maintenant au graphique de la figure 4 sur lequel on a représenté, en abscisse la tension Vbat aux bornes de la batterie, et en ordonnées le courant total Itot consommé par le circuit d'illumination de la figure 2.We are now interested in the graph of Figure 4 on which is shown, on the abscissa, the voltage Vbat across the terminals of the battery, and on the ordinate the total current Itot consumed by the illumination circuit of figure 2.
On écrit l'équation résultant des lois de Kirchoff pour une maille comprenant la diode D et une colonne de i diodes électroluminescentes DEL en série avec leurs i résistances Ri. Sachant que le courant dans ces diodes vaut Itot/j avec j le nombre de colonnes du réseau, et en éliminant la variable j en écrivant i.j=M, il vient : The equation resulting from Kirchoff's laws is written for a mesh comprising the diode D and a column of i light-emitting diodes LED in series with their i resistances Ri. Knowing that the current in these diodes is worth Itot / j with j the number of columns of the network, and eliminating the variable j by writing ij = M, it comes:
Pour une valeur de In qui produit l'éclairement souhaité dans les diodes valant 55mA, pour une tension Vbat aux bornes de la batterie ayant une valeur de référence Vbato fixée (par exemple 13,5V) et pour une tension de conduction Vd des diodes électroluminescentes DEL ayant une valeur de référence Vdo fixée (par exemple 2,4V), on sait qu'il faut utiliser des résistances Ri ayant une valeur telle qu'on aura Itot=j.In=M.In/i, d'où il vient : For a value of In which produces the desired illumination in the diodes equal to 55mA, for a voltage Vbat across the terminals of the battery having a fixed reference value Vbato (for example 13.5V) and for a conduction voltage Vd of the light-emitting diodes LED having a fixed reference value Vdo (for example 2.4V), we know that it is necessary to use resistors Ri having a value such that we will have Itot = j.In = M.In / i, hence it comes:
Par exemple, pour les valeurs indiquées ci-dessus et avec i=3 et j=6, on a Ri qui vaut à peu près 30 Ohms.For example, for the values indicated above and with i = 3 and j = 6, we have Ri which is worth approximately 30 Ohms.
En réécrivant l'équation (1) de la maille pour une valeur
Vbat quelconque de la tension aux bornes de la batterie, et en lui
intégrant l'expression (2) de Ri, il vient :
On peut isoler le facteur α se trouvant devant le terme Vbat
dans l'expression ci dessus, d'où l'on tire :
Ce terme α traduit la dépendance du courant total Itot consommé par le circuit vis à vis des variations de la tension Vbat aux bornes de la batterie. On peut montrer, par exemple en traçant la courbe de la fonction ci-dessus de α en fonction de la variable i, que, dans l'intervalle [1;6], le coefficient α atteint un minimum pour i proche de trois.This term α translates the dependence of the total current Itot consumed by the circuit with respect to variations in voltage Vbat across the battery. We can show, for example by plotting the above function curve of α as a function of the variable i, that in the interval [1; 6], the coefficient α reaches a minimum for i close to three.
Ceci est bien la démonstration du fait qu'un réseau parallèle/série comprenant trois lignes (i=3) présente un dépendance minimum vis à vis des variations de la tension aux bornes de la batterie.This is a demonstration of the fact that a network parallel / series comprising three lines (i = 3) presents a minimum dependence on variations in voltage at battery terminals.
Par ailleurs, en réécrivant l'équation (1) de la maille pour
une valeur Vd quelconque de la tension de conduction des diodes
électroluminescentes DEL, et en lui intégrant l'expression (2) de
Ri, il vient :
On peut isoler le facteur β se trouvant devant le terme Vd
dans l'expression ci dessus, d'où l'on tire :
Il est clair que plus i est petit et plus le coefficient β est petit. Ceci signifie que plus le nombre de lignes du réseau parallèle/série est faible, plus la dépendance du courant total Itot consommé par le circuit par rapport à la dispersion de la tension de conduction des diodes est faible, ce qui se comprend d'ailleurs intuitivement.It is clear that the smaller i is, the more the coefficient β is small. This means that the higher the number of lines in the network parallel / series, the lower the dependence on total current Itot consumed by the circuit compared to the dispersion of the diode conduction voltage is low, which is understandable moreover intuitively.
Des considérations ci-dessus, il ressort donc que l'on a intérêt à utiliser un réseau parallèle/série comportant trois lignes (i=3) pour minimiser l'influence sur le courant total consommé par le circuit c'est à dire sur l'éclairement global produit par ce circuit, à la fois vis à vis de l'excursion de la tension aux bornes de la batterie et de la dispersion sur la tension de conduction de diodes électroluminescentes utilisées.From the above considerations, it therefore appears that we have interest in using a parallel / serial network comprising three lines (i = 3) to minimize the influence on the total current consumed by the circuit, i.e. on the global illumination produced by this circuit, both with respect to the excursion of the voltage across the battery and across the conduction voltage of light emitting diodes used.
On a vu plus haut que l'invention propose des moyens pour utiliser un réseau à M branches, M se décomposant comme le produit i.j avec i=3 et M étant supérieur au nombre N de diodes effectivement utilisées dans le réseau, ces moyens consistant à substituer un circuit ouvert ou un dipôle essentiellement résistif aux M-N diodes manquantes.We have seen above that the invention proposes means for use a network with M branches, M decomposing like the product i.j with i = 3 and M being greater than the number N of diodes actually used in the network, these means consisting of substitute an open circuit or an essentially resistive dipole to the missing M-N diodes.
A la figure 4, on a par exemple représenté les caractéristiques d'un circuit d'illumination respectivement référencée 41 pour un premier circuit utilisant un réseau selon l'art antérieur, i.e., tel que M=N=16 et i=j=4 ( figure 1), et référencée 42 pour un second circuit utilisant un réseau selon l'invention, i.e., tel que M=18, N= 16, i=3 et j=6 (figure 2).In FIG. 4, for example, the characteristics of an illumination circuit respectively referenced 41 for a first circuit using a network according to the prior art, i.e., such that M = N = 16 and i = j = 4 (Figure 1), and referenced 42 for a second circuit using a network according to the invention, i.e., such that M = 18, N = 16, i = 3 and j = 6 (Figure 2).
Pour une tension Vbat aux bornes de la batterie valant Vbato=13,5V, le premier circuit consomme un courant I1 valant à peu près 220mA et le second circuit consomme un courant I2 valant à peu près 330mA du fait qu'il comporte six colonnes de diodes au lieu de quatre.For a voltage Vbat across the battery terminals worth Vbato = 13.5V, the first circuit consumes a current I1 equal to about 220mA and the second circuit consumes an I2 current worth about 330mA due to the fact that it has six columns of diodes at instead of four.
On voit que la droite 42 est plus aplatie que la droite 41 ce
qui traduit la plus faible dépendance du courant total Itot vis à
vis des variations de la tension Vbat aux bornes de la batterie.We see that the
De plus, la droite 42 est susceptible de se déplacer
parallèlement à elle même en fonction de la dispersion de la
tension Vd de conduction des diodes électroluminescentes avec une
excursion E2 plus faible que l'excursion correspondante E1 de la
droite 41, ce qui traduit la plus faible dépendance du courant
total Itot vis à vis des variations de ladite tension Vd.In addition, the
Le courant total Itot du premier circuit peut varier entre une valeur minimale Imin1 et une valeur maximale Imax1, alors que le second circuit peut varier entre un valeur minimale Imin2 supérieure à ladite valeur Imin1 et une valeur maximale Imax2 inférieur à ladite valeur Imax1.The total current Itot of the first circuit can vary between a minimum value Imin1 and a maximum value Imax1, while the second circuit can vary between a minimum value Imin2 greater than said value Imin1 and a maximum value Imax2 lower than said value Imax1.
On peut résumer les avantages de l'invention en disant que le
point de fonctionnement Vbat/Itot du circuit d'illumination selon
l'invention peut déplacer en fonction de l'excursion de la tension
aux bornes de la batterie et de la dispersion de la tension de
conduction des diodes électroluminescentes dans un parallélogramme
52 dont la surface est beaucoup plus faible que la surface
correspondante du parallélogramme 51 d'un circuit conforme à l'art
antérieur.The advantages of the invention can be summarized by saying that the
Vbat / Itot operating point of the illumination circuit according to
the invention can move depending on the voltage excursion
across the battery and the voltage dispersion of
conduction of light emitting diodes in a
Il est bien évident que le principe de l'invention s'applique à un circuit d'illumination pouvant contenir un nombre N quelconque de diodes électroluminescentes, et que les M-N circuits ouverts ou dipôles complétant à M le réseau parallèle/série peuvent être disposés dans des branches quelconques dudit réseau.It is obvious that the principle of the invention applies to an illumination circuit which can contain a number N any light emitting diode, and that the M-N circuits open or dipole completing the parallel / serial network at M can be arranged in any branches of said network.
Claims (12)
- A lighting circuit having light-emitting diodes supplied with a unidirectional voltage via a power circuit, especially for motor vehicles, and having a number N of light-emitting diodes (LED) disposed in a mixed parallel/series network (30) that comprises i lines and j columns, characterised in that the product i.j is equal to a number M which is greater than the said number N, the M-N branches of the said network which do not include any light-emitting diode comprising either an open circuit or an essentially resistive first dipole (22, 23).
- A circuit according to Claim 1, characterised in that the network comprises a number of lines i equal to three.
- A circuit according to Claim 1, characterised in that each light-emitting diode is connected in series with an essentially resistive second dipole which includes at least one resistor (Ri).
- A circuit according to Claim 1, characterised in that the first essentially resistive dipole (22, 23) includes at least one resistor (31).
- A circuit according to Claim 4, characterised in that the first essentially resistive dipole (22, 23) includes two resistors (32 and 33) of the same value as the resistor (Ri) of the said second essentially resistive dipole.
- A circuit according to Claim 1, characterised in that the first essentially resistive dipole includes a resistor (34) and a diode (35) in series.
- A circuit according to Claim 1, characterised in that the first essentially resistive dipole includes a resistor (36) and a Zener diode (37).
- A circuit according to Claim 7, characterised in that the said resistor (36) has the same value as the resistor (Ri) of the first essentially resistive dipole, and the threshold voltage of the Zener diode (37) has the same value as the conduction voltage (Vdo) of the light-emitting diodes (LED).
- A circuit according to Claim 1, characterised in that the power circuit also includes a diode (D) in series and a variable resistance (VDR) in parallel.
- A circuit according to Claim 9, characterised in that the power supply circuit further includes a Zener diode (DZ) and a capacitor (C) in parallel.
- An indicating light for a motor vehicle, characterised in that it includes a lighting circuit according to one of Claims 1 to 10.
- A control panel, especially for a heating, ventilating and/or air conditioning installation for a motor vehicle, characterised in that it includes a lighting circuit according to one of Claims 1 to 10.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9602469 | 1996-02-28 | ||
FR9602469A FR2745458B1 (en) | 1996-02-28 | 1996-02-28 | IMPROVEMENT ON ILLUMINATION CIRCUITS WITH LIGHT EMITTING DIODES, PARTICULARLY FOR MOTOR VEHICLES, SIGNALING LIGHT AND CONTROL PANEL INCORPORATING THE SAME |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0793403A1 EP0793403A1 (en) | 1997-09-03 |
EP0793403B1 true EP0793403B1 (en) | 2001-12-19 |
Family
ID=9489657
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97101399A Expired - Lifetime EP0793403B1 (en) | 1996-02-28 | 1997-01-29 | Improvement in LED circuits, especially for vehicles, signalisation lights and control panels |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0793403B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69709206T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2170290T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2745458B1 (en) |
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FR2723286B1 (en) * | 1994-07-29 | 1996-09-13 | Vibrachoc Sa | LIGHT EMITTING DIODE MOUNTING CIRCUIT |
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- 1996-02-28 FR FR9602469A patent/FR2745458B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-01-29 ES ES97101399T patent/ES2170290T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-01-29 EP EP97101399A patent/EP0793403B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-01-29 DE DE69709206T patent/DE69709206T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2170290T3 (en) | 2002-08-01 |
DE69709206D1 (en) | 2002-01-31 |
FR2745458B1 (en) | 1998-04-10 |
DE69709206T2 (en) | 2002-08-22 |
EP0793403A1 (en) | 1997-09-03 |
FR2745458A1 (en) | 1997-08-29 |
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