EP0789341A1 - Vehicle on board detection of traffic jam - Google Patents

Vehicle on board detection of traffic jam Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0789341A1
EP0789341A1 EP97250017A EP97250017A EP0789341A1 EP 0789341 A1 EP0789341 A1 EP 0789341A1 EP 97250017 A EP97250017 A EP 97250017A EP 97250017 A EP97250017 A EP 97250017A EP 0789341 A1 EP0789341 A1 EP 0789341A1
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Prior art keywords
vehicle
traffic
speed
classes
speed classes
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EP97250017A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0789341B1 (en
Inventor
Stefan Vieweg
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Vodafone GmbH
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Mannesmann AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
    • G08G1/0104—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions
    • G08G1/0108—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions based on the source of data
    • G08G1/0112—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions based on the source of data from the vehicle, e.g. floating car data [FCD]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
    • G08G1/0104—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions
    • G08G1/0125—Traffic data processing
    • G08G1/0133—Traffic data processing for classifying traffic situation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
    • G08G1/0104—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions
    • G08G1/0137—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions for specific applications
    • G08G1/0141—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions for specific applications for traffic information dissemination
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
    • G08G1/0104—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions
    • G08G1/0137—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions for specific applications
    • G08G1/0145—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions for specific applications for active traffic flow control

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the automatic vehicle-autonomous detection of traffic jams and a device for carrying out this method. It is therefore an automatic determination of a measure for assessing the traffic-dependent accessibility of roads.
  • DE 43 21 437 A1 discloses a method for the automatic vehicle-autonomous detection of traffic information, i.e. Travel information entered in the vehicle is processed with traffic information acquired via radio and with an on-board traffic database.
  • the recording and description of the traffic situation is an essential task in the area of traffic telematics, which aims to rectify and avoid situations with traffic congestion as far as possible by appropriately anticipating redirection of road users onto less congested roads.
  • stationary detection devices e.g. beacons, induction loops or similar
  • This is not only associated with very high costs for the creation and maintenance of the required infrastructure, but also has the disadvantage that these facilities only have a locally extremely narrow range of use due to the system. The installation of a huge number of detection devices is therefore necessary for a comprehensive traffic situation detection.
  • a problem with the "floating probes" is that the continuous transmission of the current speed of a large number of vehicles is an extremely heavy burden on the transmission channels of the communication device and, moreover, constitutes a significant cost factor when using a fee-based communication system. This is to be seen against the background that predominantly information is transmitted that does not really provide any new information. It would therefore be useful if the transmission of information could at least be largely restricted to periods of time in which critical traffic situations are forming, have already started or are disappearing. One should therefore be able to determine the time periods in which interesting changes in road traffic occur. This could, as has also already become known, be made possible by the fact that the relevant traffic situation information is provided by people in the "floating probes" (so-called congestion detectors) as required.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a method and a device for carrying it out which is automatic, that is to say independent of persons Vehicle-autonomous detection of traffic congestion enables, so that depending on it a targeted transmission of really important traffic information can take place.
  • the invention provides that the speed of a vehicle in a sample vehicle fleet is continuously recorded and passed to an in-vehicle classification device.
  • This classifying device has access to speed classes which are stored in a storage device for default values, preferably depending on the road type.
  • the default values can be stored as fixed values or as dynamically variable quantities. For example, the specification could be made when the respective device is switched on and the subsequent initialization. It is particularly advantageous to be able to change the default values from a central station as required (e.g. using mobile radio).
  • the classifying device assigns the detected value of the current speed to one of these speed classes.
  • this assignment is made to speed classes, which are defined by predefined limit values.
  • At least three speed classes are expediently provided.
  • the limits of the speed classes should be determined depending on the type of road. For example, while a multiple division in the lower speed range makes sense for urban streets, the middle and upper speed range should also be considered as a separate class for motorways, for example.
  • the functional block example shown in FIG. 2 for a device for carrying out the method according to the invention has the speed detection device 1, the data output of which is connected to a classifying device 2 in which the continuously measured instantaneous vehicle speeds are assigned to a speed class.
  • the default values for these speed classes can be classified by the classifying device 2, preferably as Non-volatile memory remove trained storage device 4 for speed classes.
  • the data output of the classification device 2 is connected to the data input of an integration device 3.
  • the result of the integration is sent to an evaluation device 5, which supplies a stowage dimension representative of the respective traffic situation in the area of the vehicle in question in the sample vehicle fleet, preferably in the form of a probability value for the occurrence of the "traffic jam" event.
  • this stowage dimension enables the device according to the invention to automatically recognize critical or critical traffic situations without any manual intervention and to activate, for example, a communication device 6, with the aid of which situation-related transmission of important traffic situation information to a corresponding collection point can take place.
  • the communication device can be deactivated again. This can be the case, for example, if a vehicle is in a traffic jam for a long time, that is to say the size of the traffic jam practically does not change. However, it can be of particular interest to recognize the point in time when this vehicle leaves the stowage area again.
  • the device according to the invention can be equipped with a position determination device (not shown) (for example on the basis of navigation satellites).
  • the method according to the invention enables a completely automatic decentralized, ie vehicle-autonomous, determination of a representative measure of the "traffic jam" situation with intermediate gradations that can be refined as required up to the "free travel” situation in a very simple manner.
  • the necessary In-vehicle device is very simple and inexpensive to manufacture from standard components.
  • the invention makes it possible to keep the scope of the communication requirements for a sample vehicle fleet required for meaningful traffic situation detection to a minimum, since automatic autonomous detection of situations in which traffic situation information should be transmitted to a data collection point is possible with sufficient reliability.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)

Abstract

A process for automated vehicle-autonomous detection of a particular traffic situation by continuously detecting an instantaneous vehicle speed onboard a vehicle. The detected vehicle speeds are classified using guidelines which may be based on rigid values or on fuzzy logic relationships, into one or more of a plurality of traffic categories by assigning a weight for that detected vehicle speed to each of the traffic categories. Thereafter, for each traffic category the weights associated with the detected speed values are integrated over time to calculate an integrated result for each traffic category. The integrated results of the traffic categories are then evaluated based on predetermined rules or criteria to generate a probabilistically-based traffic detection value indicating the traffic category representing the vehicles' current traffic situation. The traffic categories and guidelines or membership functions or relationships are defined for use with a particular type of road.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur automatischen fahrzeugautonomen Detektion von Verkehrsstau sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens. Es handelt sich also um die automatische Ermittlung eines Maßes zur Beurteilung der verkehrsabhängigen Befahrbarkeit von Straßen .The invention relates to a method for the automatic vehicle-autonomous detection of traffic jams and a device for carrying out this method. It is therefore an automatic determination of a measure for assessing the traffic-dependent accessibility of roads.

Aus der DE 43 21 437 A1 ist ein Verfahren zur automatischen fahrzeugautonomen Detektionvon Verkehrsinformationen bekannt, d.h. im Fahrzeug eingegebene Fahrtinformationen werden mit über Radio erfaßten Verkehrsinformationen und mit einer bordeigenen Verkehrsdatenbank verarbeitet.DE 43 21 437 A1 discloses a method for the automatic vehicle-autonomous detection of traffic information, i.e. Travel information entered in the vehicle is processed with traffic information acquired via radio and with an on-board traffic database.

Die Erfassung und Beschreibung der Verkehrslage ist eine wesentliche Aufgabe im Bereich der Verkehrstelematik, die das Ziel hat, Situationen mit Verkehrsstau nach Möglichkeit zu entzerren und zu vermeiden durch entsprechende vorausschauende Umlenkung von Verkehrsteilnehmern auf weniger belastete Straßen. Es ist bekannt, zu diesem Zweck straßenseitig installierte stationäre Erfassungseinrichtungen (z.B. Baken, Induktionsschleifen o.ä.) zu verwenden. Dies ist nicht nur mit sehr hohen Kosten für die Schaffung und Erhaltung der erforderlichen Infrastruktur verbunden, sondern hat auch den Nachteil, daß diese Einrichtungen systembedingt jeweils nur einen lokal außerordentlich eng begrenzten Einsatzbereich aufweisen. Für eine flächendeckende Verkehrslageerfassung ist daher die Installation einer riesigen Anzahl von Erfassungseinrichtungen notwendig.The recording and description of the traffic situation is an essential task in the area of traffic telematics, which aims to rectify and avoid situations with traffic congestion as far as possible by appropriately anticipating redirection of road users onto less congested roads. It is known to use stationary detection devices (e.g. beacons, induction loops or similar) installed on the street for this purpose. This is not only associated with very high costs for the creation and maintenance of the required infrastructure, but also has the disadvantage that these facilities only have a locally extremely narrow range of use due to the system. The installation of a huge number of detection devices is therefore necessary for a comprehensive traffic situation detection.

In jüngerer Zeit sind auch Ansätze bekannt geworden (DE 195 21 919), eine Verkehrslageerfassung ohne fest installierte straßenseitige Einrichtungen vorzunehmen, indem aus den Fahrzeugen einer Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte entsprechende Informationen an geeignete Sammelstellen (z.B. Verkehrsleitzentrale) übermittelt werden. Es handelt sich dabei quasi um im Verkehr mitschwimmende Meßstationen ("floating probes"), die relevante Daten (insbesondere die Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit) über eine mobile drahtlose Kommunikationseinrichtung (z.B. ein Funktelefon) an die jeweilige Datensammelstelle zur Weiterverarbeitung und Auswertung übertragen. Das Ergebnis der Auswertung kann dann einer Vielzahl von Verkehrsteilnehmern im Sinne von Verkehrshinweisen und Ausweichempfehlungen übermittelt werden, so daß die Verkehrsteilnehmer verkehrslageabhängig eine möglichst günstige Entscheidung über die zu wählende Fahrtroute treffen können. Die Ergebnisse können auch Eingang finden in automatische Routenplanungs- und Zielführungssysteme.In recent times, approaches have also become known (DE 195 21 919) for carrying out a traffic situation detection without permanently installed street-side facilities, by using a sample vehicle fleet from the vehicles Corresponding information is transmitted to suitable collection points (e.g. traffic control center). These are, so to speak, measuring stations that "float" in traffic and transmit the relevant data (in particular the vehicle speed) via a mobile wireless communication device (for example a radio telephone) to the respective data collection point for further processing and evaluation. The result of the evaluation can then be transmitted to a large number of road users in the sense of traffic information and avoidance recommendations, so that the road users can make the most favorable decision possible about the route to be taken, depending on the traffic situation. The results can also be used in automatic route planning and route guidance systems.

Ein Problem der "floating probes" liegt darin, daß die fortlaufende Übermittlung der aktuellen Geschwindigkeit einer Vielzahl von Fahrzeugen eine außerordentlich starke Belastung für die Übertragungskanäle der Kommunikationseinrichtung darstellt und darüber hinaus einen bedeutenden Kostenfaktor bei Benutzung eines gebührenpflichtigen Kommunikationssystems bildet. Dies ist vor dem Hintergrund zu sehen, daß dabei überwiegend Informationen übermittelt werden, die in Wirklichkeit keine echten neuen Erkenntnisse liefern. Es wäre daher zweckmäßig, wenn man die Informationsübertragung zumindest weitgehend auf solche Zeitabschnitte beschränken könnte, in denen sich kritische Verkehrssituationen bilden, bereits eingestellt haben oder sich wieder auflösen. Man müßte also die Zeitabschnitte ermitteln können, in denen sich verkehrstechnisch interessante Veränderungen im Straßenverkehr einstellen. Dies könnte man, wie das ebenfalls bereits bekannt geworden ist, dadurch ermöglichen, daß die relevanten Verkehrslageinformationen von Personen in den "floating probes" (sogenannte Staumelder) bedarfsabhängig abgegeben werden. Das erfordert aber nicht nur eine entsprechende Bereitschaft bei diesem Personenkreis, sonden eröffnet auch die Möglichkeit für bewußte oder unbewußte Übermittlung fehlerhaft eingeschätzter Verkehrslagedaten.
Schließlich ist es noch aus der DE-Siemens Firmenschrift "Automatische Störfallerkennung auf Autobahnen mit Hilfe der Fuzzy-Logik" (1994,Seite 1-7) bekannt, Wahrscheinlichkeitsaussagen über Verkehrsströme zu ermitteln.A problem with the "floating probes" is that the continuous transmission of the current speed of a large number of vehicles is an extremely heavy burden on the transmission channels of the communication device and, moreover, constitutes a significant cost factor when using a fee-based communication system. This is to be seen against the background that predominantly information is transmitted that does not really provide any new information. It would therefore be useful if the transmission of information could at least be largely restricted to periods of time in which critical traffic situations are forming, have already started or are disappearing. One should therefore be able to determine the time periods in which interesting changes in road traffic occur. This could, as has also already become known, be made possible by the fact that the relevant traffic situation information is provided by people in the "floating probes" (so-called congestion detectors) as required. However, this not only requires a corresponding willingness among this group of people, it also opens up the possibility for conscious or unconscious transmission of incorrectly assessed traffic situation data.
Finally, it is known from the DE-Siemens company publication "Automatic Accident Detection on Motorways Using Fuzzy Logic" (1994, page 1-7) to determine probability statements about traffic flows.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zu dessen Durchführung anzugeben, das eine automatische, also personenunabhängige fahrzeugautonome Detektion von Verkehrsstau ermöglicht, so daß in Abhängigkeit davon eine gezielte Übermittlung wirklich bedeutsamer Verkehrsinformationen erfolgen kann.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a method and a device for carrying it out which is automatic, that is to say independent of persons Vehicle-autonomous detection of traffic congestion enables, so that depending on it a targeted transmission of really important traffic information can take place.

Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung dieser Aufgabe weist für das Verfahren die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 auf. Durch die Merkmale der Unteransprüche 2 bis 4 ist dieses Verfahren in vorteilhafter Weise weiter ausgestaltbar. Eine zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens geeignete Vorrichtung ist durch die Merkmale des Unteranspruchs 5 gekennzeichnet und läßt sich durch die Merkmale der Unteransprüche 6 bis 7 in zweckmäßiger Weise weiterbilden.The solution to this problem according to the invention has the characterizing features of patent claim 1 for the method. This method can be further developed in an advantageous manner by the features of subclaims 2 to 4. A device suitable for carrying out this method is characterized by the features of subclaim 5 and can be further developed in an expedient manner by the features of subclaims 6 to 7.

Die Erfindung sieht vor, daß die Geschwindigkeit eines Fahrzeugs einer Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte jeweils fortlaufend erfaßt und an eine fahrzeuginterne Klassifiziereinrichtung gegeben wird. Diese Klassifiziereinrichtung hat Zugriff auf Geschwindigkeitsklassen, die in einer Speichereinrichtung für Vorgabewerte vorzugsweise straßentypabhängig abgelegt sind. Die Vorgabewerte können fixe Werte oder auch als dynamisch veränderliche Größen abgespeichert sein. Beispielsweise könnte die Vorgabe beim Anschalten des jeweiligen Geräts und der folgenden Initialisierung erfolgen. Besonders vorteilhaft ist die Möglichkeit, die Vorgabewerte von einer Zentrale aus je nach Bedarf zu verändern (z.B. mittels Mobilfunk).The invention provides that the speed of a vehicle in a sample vehicle fleet is continuously recorded and passed to an in-vehicle classification device. This classifying device has access to speed classes which are stored in a storage device for default values, preferably depending on the road type. The default values can be stored as fixed values or as dynamically variable quantities. For example, the specification could be made when the respective device is switched on and the subsequent initialization. It is particularly advantageous to be able to change the default values from a central station as required (e.g. using mobile radio).

Die Klassifiziereinrichtung ordnet jeweils den erfaßten Wert der aktuellen Geschwindigkeit einer dieser Geschwindigkeitsklassen zu. Im einfachsten Fall erfolgt diese Zuordnung zu Geschwindigkeitklassen, die durch fest vorgegebene Grenzwerte festgelegt sind. Vorteilhaft ist jedoch vielfach eine Zuordnung nicht nach starren Grenzen, sondern über einen Fuzzy-Ansatz, also unter Berücksichtigung eines Unschärfebereichs. Zweckmäßigerweise werden mindestens drei Geschwindigkeitsklassen vorgesehen. Außerdem sollte die Festlegung der Grenzen der Geschwindigkeitsklassen in Abhängigkeit vom Straßentyp erfolgen. Während beispielsweise für städtische Straßen eine mehrfache Aufteilung im unteren Geschwindigkeitsbereich sinnvoll ist, sollte beispielsweise bei Autobahnen auch der mittlere und obere Geschwindigkeitsbereich als eigene Klasse berücksichtigt werden. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, beispielsweise langsame Fahrten und Standphasen, die durch hohes Verkehrsaufkommen bedingt sind, zu unterscheiden von einem gleichartigen (normalen) Fahrverhalten vor einer roten Ampel. Nach Zuordnung der jeweils erfaßten Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit zu einer der vorgegebenen Geschwindigkeitsklassen erfolgt als nächster Schritt die Einbeziehung der Klassenzuordnung in einen zeitlichen Integrationsprozeß. Das Ergebnis dieses Integrationsprozesses der Abfolge einzelner klassifizierter Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeiten wird zur Bildung eines kontinuierlichen Maßes für das Ereignis "Stau" (Staumaß) auf eine begrenzte Skala, insbesondere eine Wahrscheinlichkeitsskala, abgebildet.The classifying device assigns the detected value of the current speed to one of these speed classes. In the simplest case, this assignment is made to speed classes, which are defined by predefined limit values. However, it is often advantageous not to assign them according to rigid limits, but rather using a fuzzy approach, i.e. taking into account a blurring range. At least three speed classes are expediently provided. In addition, the limits of the speed classes should be determined depending on the type of road. For example, while a multiple division in the lower speed range makes sense for urban streets, the middle and upper speed range should also be considered as a separate class for motorways, for example. In this way it is possible to distinguish, for example, slow driving and standing phases that are caused by high traffic volumes from a similar (normal) driving behavior in front of a red traffic light. After assigning the In each case, the vehicle speed recorded for one of the predetermined speed classes is followed by the inclusion of the class assignment in a temporal integration process. The result of this integration process of the sequence of individual classified vehicle speeds is mapped onto a limited scale, in particular a probability scale, in order to form a continuous measure for the “traffic jam” event.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand der Figuren näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine grafische Darstellung von Zugehörigkeitsfunktionen zur Zuordnung von Geschwindigkeiten in drei Geschwindigkeitsklassen und
Fig. 2
ein Funktionsschaltbild einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures. Show it:
Fig. 1
a graphical representation of membership functions for the assignment of speeds in three speed classes and
Fig. 2
a functional diagram of a device according to the invention.

In Fig. 1 ist an einem Beispiel dargestellt, wie im Rahmen eines Fuzzy-Ansatzes mittels dreier Zugehörigkeitsfunktionen µ Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeiten v unterschiedlicher Größe den drei repräsentativen Geschwindigkeitsklassen "Stau", "gebundener Verkehr oder "freie Fahrt" zugeordnet werden können. Eine Geschwindigkeit im Bereich von Null bis zum Grenzwert vstau führt zu 100 % zu einer Zuordnung in die Geschwindigkeitsklasse "Stau". Für Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeiten zwischen vstau und einem zweiten Grenzwert vgebunden erfolgt die Zuordnung mit linear abnehmender Wahrscheinlichkeit zur Geschwindigkeitsklasse "Stau" und mit linear zunehmender Wahrscheinlichkeit zur Geschwindigkeitsklasse "gebundener Verkehr. Jenseits von vgebunden wird bis zu einer Grenzgeschwindigkeit vfrei mit linear abnehmender Wahrscheinlichkeit eine Zuordnung in die Geschwindigkeitsklasse "gebundener Verkehr und mit linear zunehmender Wahrscheinlichkeit in die Geschwindigkeitsklasse "freie Fahrt" vorgenommen. Bei Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeiten über vfrei führt diese Zuordnung zu 100 % zur Geschwindigkeitsklasse "freie Fahrt".1 shows an example of how, in the context of a fuzzy approach using three membership functions µ vehicle speeds v of different sizes, the three representative speed classes "traffic jam", "bound traffic or" free travel "can be assigned. A speed in the range of Zero to the limit value v congestion leads 100% to an assignment in the speed class "congestion". For vehicle speeds between v congestion and a second limit value t linked , the assignment takes place with a linearly decreasing probability to the speed class "congestion" and with a linearly increasing probability to the speed class "bound traffic. Beyond v bound , up to a limit speed v free, an assignment to the speed class "bound traffic" is made with a linearly decreasing probability and with a linear increasing probability to the speed class "free travel". For vehicle speeds above v free , this assignment leads to 100% of the speed class "free travel".

Das in Fig. 2 dargestellte Funktionsblockbeispiel für eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens weist die Geschwindigkeitserfassungseinrichtung 1 auf, deren Datenausgang an eine Klassifiziereinrichtung 2 angeschlossen ist, in der jeweils die fortlaufend gemessenen momentanen Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeiten einer Geschwindigkeitsklasse zugeordnet werden. Die Vorgabewerte für diese Geschwindigkeitsklassen kann die Klassifiziereinrichtung 2 aus einer vorzugsweise als nicht flüchtiger Speicher ausgebildeten Speichereinrichtung 4 für Geschwindigkeitsklassen entnehmen. Der Datenausgang der Klassifiziereinrichtung 2 ist auf den Dateneingang einer Integrationseinrichtung 3 geschaltet. Das Ergebnis der Integration gelangt in eine Bewertungseinrichtung 5, die daraus ein für die jeweilige Verkehrssituation im Bereich des betreffenden Fahrzeugs der Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte repräsentatives Staumaß liefert, vorzugsweise in Form eines Wahrscheinlichkeitswertes für das Vorliegen des Ereignisses "Stau". Bei völlig freier Fahrt wird also der Wert 0 % geliefert. Das Vorliegen dieses Staumaßes ermöglicht es der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, selbsttätig ohne jedes manuelle Zutun kritische oder kritisch werdende Verkehrslagen zu erkennen und von sich aus z.B. eine Kommunikationseinrichtung 6 zu aktivieren, mit deren Hilfe eine situationsbedingte Übertragung wichtiger Verkehrslageinformationen an eine entsprechende Sammelstelle erfolgen kann. Sobald eine Situation entsteht, in der eine weitere Informationsübertragung über die Kommunikationseinrichtung 6 keinen wesentlichen neuen Erkenntniswert mehr liefert, kann die Kommunikationseinrichtung wieder deaktiviert werden. Dies kann beispielsweise der Fall sein, wenn sich ein Fahrzeug für längere Zeit in einem Stau aufhält, also sich das Staumaß praktisch nicht verändert. Von besonderem Interesse kann es aber sein, den Zeitpunkt zu erkennen, wann dieses Fahrzeug den Staubereich wieder verläßt. Da dies ebenfalls mit einer Veränderung des Staumaßes verbunden ist, kann dies zum Anlaß genommen werden, die Kommunikationseinrichtung 6 automatisch wieder zu aktivieren. Besonders einfach lassen sich diese Funktionen realisieren, wenn die Klassifiziereinrichtung 2, die Speichereinrichtung 4, die Integrationseinrichtung 3 und die Bewertungseinrichtung 5 in Form eines fahrzeuginternen elektronischen Rechensystems ausgebildet sind. Um die an die Datensammelstelle übermittelten Informationen sinnvoll auswerten zu können, müssen diese gegebenenfalls auch Angaben über die zugehörige geografische Position des jeweils sendenden Fahrzeugs beinhalten. Hierzu kann die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung mit einer (nicht dargestellten) Positionsbestimmungseinrichtung (z.B. auf der Basis von Navigationssatelliten) ausgerüstet sein.The functional block example shown in FIG. 2 for a device for carrying out the method according to the invention has the speed detection device 1, the data output of which is connected to a classifying device 2 in which the continuously measured instantaneous vehicle speeds are assigned to a speed class. The default values for these speed classes can be classified by the classifying device 2, preferably as Non-volatile memory remove trained storage device 4 for speed classes. The data output of the classification device 2 is connected to the data input of an integration device 3. The result of the integration is sent to an evaluation device 5, which supplies a stowage dimension representative of the respective traffic situation in the area of the vehicle in question in the sample vehicle fleet, preferably in the form of a probability value for the occurrence of the "traffic jam" event. If the journey is completely free, the value 0% is delivered. The presence of this stowage dimension enables the device according to the invention to automatically recognize critical or critical traffic situations without any manual intervention and to activate, for example, a communication device 6, with the aid of which situation-related transmission of important traffic situation information to a corresponding collection point can take place. As soon as a situation arises in which further information transmission via the communication device 6 no longer delivers any significant new knowledge value, the communication device can be deactivated again. This can be the case, for example, if a vehicle is in a traffic jam for a long time, that is to say the size of the traffic jam practically does not change. However, it can be of particular interest to recognize the point in time when this vehicle leaves the stowage area again. Since this is also associated with a change in the storage dimension, this can be taken as an occasion to automatically reactivate the communication device 6. These functions can be implemented particularly easily if the classifying device 2, the storage device 4, the integration device 3 and the evaluation device 5 are designed in the form of an in-vehicle electronic computing system. In order to be able to evaluate the information transmitted to the data collection point in a sensible manner, it may also have to include information about the associated geographic position of the vehicle in question. For this purpose, the device according to the invention can be equipped with a position determination device (not shown) (for example on the basis of navigation satellites).

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ermöglicht auf sehr einfache Weise eine völlig automatische dezentrale, d.h. fahrzeugautonome Bestimmung eines repräsentativen Maßes für die Situation "Verkehrsstau" mit im Bedarfsfall beliebig verfeinerbaren Zwischenabstufungen bis zur Situation "freie Fahrt". Das dazu erforderliche fahrzeuginterne Gerät ist sehr einfach und preiswert aus Standardkomponenten herstellbar. Die Erfindung ermöglicht es, den Umfang der für eine aussagefähige Verkehrslageerfassung erforderlichen Kommunikationsbedarf bei einer Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte auf ein Minimum zu beschränken, da eine fahrzeugautonome automatische Erkennung von Situationen, in denen Verkehrslageinformationen an eine Datensammelstelle übertragen werden sollten, mit ausreichender Zuverlässigkeit möglich ist.The method according to the invention enables a completely automatic decentralized, ie vehicle-autonomous, determination of a representative measure of the "traffic jam" situation with intermediate gradations that can be refined as required up to the "free travel" situation in a very simple manner. The necessary In-vehicle device is very simple and inexpensive to manufacture from standard components. The invention makes it possible to keep the scope of the communication requirements for a sample vehicle fleet required for meaningful traffic situation detection to a minimum, since automatic autonomous detection of situations in which traffic situation information should be transmitted to a data collection point is possible with sufficient reliability.

Claims (7)

Verfahren zur automatischen fahrzeugautonomen Detektion von Verkehrsstau, wobei, - die Geschwindigkeit des Fahrzeugs im Fahrzeug fortlaufend erfaßt wird, - die erfaßten Geschwindigkeitswerte vorgegebenen Geschwindigkeitsklassen zugeordnet werden, - daß die zugeordneten Geschwindigkeitsklassen die Eingangsgröße eines zeitlichen Integrationsprozesses bilden und - das Ergebnis dieses Integrationsprozesses zur Bildung eines Staumaßes auf eine begrenzte Skala, insbesondere eine Wahrscheinlichkeitsskala, abgebildet wird. Method for automatic vehicle autonomous detection of traffic congestion, - the speed of the vehicle is continuously recorded in the vehicle, the recorded speed values are assigned to predetermined speed classes, - That the assigned speed classes form the input variable of a temporal integration process and - The result of this integration process for the formation of a congestion measure is mapped onto a limited scale, in particular a probability scale. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet;
daß die Zuordnung zu den Geschwindigkeitsklassen über einen Fuzzy-Ansatz erfolgt.Method according to claim 1,
characterized;
that the assignment to the speed classes takes place via a fuzzy approach. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß mindestens drei Geschwindigkeitsklassen vorgegeben sind.Method according to one of claims 1 to 2,
characterized,
that at least three speed classes are specified. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Geschwindigkeitsklassen für verschiedene Straßentypen unterschiedliche Grenzen aufweisen.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized,
that the speed classes have different limits for different types of roads. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1 mit einer Einrichtung zur Erfassung der Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit (1),
dadurch gekennzeichnet, - daß eine Speichereinrichtung (4) zur Vorgabe von Geschwindigkeitsklassen vorgesehen ist, - daß eine Klassifiziereinrichtung (2) vorgesehen ist, mit der die erfaßten Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeiten jeweils den gespeicherten Geschwindigkeitsklassen zugeordnet werden, - daß der Ausgang der Klassifiziereinrichtung (2) auf den Eingang einer Integrationseinrichtung (3) geschaltet ist und - daß eine Bewertungseinrichtung (5) vorgesehen ist, deren Eingang mit dem Ausgang der Integrationseinrichtung (3) verbunden ist und deren Ausgang das Staumaß zur Erkennung von Verkehrsstau liefert. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 1 with a device for detecting the vehicle speed (1),
characterized, - That a memory device (4) is provided for specifying speed classes, - That a classifying device (2) is provided, with which the detected vehicle speeds are each assigned to the stored speed classes, - That the output of the classifying device (2) is connected to the input of an integration device (3) and - That an evaluation device (5) is provided, the input of which is connected to the output of the integration device (3) and the output of which provides the degree of congestion for the detection of traffic congestion. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Speichereinrichtung (4), die Klassifiziereinrichtung (2), die Integriereinrichtung (3) und die Bewertungseinrichtung (5) Teile eines im Fahrzeug angeordneten elektronischen Rechensystems sind.Device according to claim 5,
characterized,
that the storage device (4), the classifying device (2), the integrating device (3) and the evaluating device (5) are parts of an electronic computing system arranged in the vehicle. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß durch die Bewertungseinrichtung (5) eine im Fahrzeug angeordnete Kommunikationseinrichtung (6) in Abhängigkeit von der Veränderung des Staumaßes aktivierbar und deaktivierbar ist.Device according to one of claims 5 to 6,
characterized,
that a communication device (6) arranged in the vehicle can be activated and deactivated as a function of the change in the storage dimension by the evaluation device (5).
EP97250017A 1996-02-06 1997-01-29 Vehicle on board detection of traffic jam Expired - Lifetime EP0789341B1 (en)

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ATE201109T1 (en) 2001-05-15
EP0789341B1 (en) 2001-05-09

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