EP0789189B1 - Burner for fluid or gas fuel, in particular for oil - Google Patents

Burner for fluid or gas fuel, in particular for oil Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0789189B1
EP0789189B1 EP96118804A EP96118804A EP0789189B1 EP 0789189 B1 EP0789189 B1 EP 0789189B1 EP 96118804 A EP96118804 A EP 96118804A EP 96118804 A EP96118804 A EP 96118804A EP 0789189 B1 EP0789189 B1 EP 0789189B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
burner according
chamber
nozzle
orifice
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP96118804A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0789189A3 (en
EP0789189A2 (en
Inventor
Michael Dr.-Ing. Malobabic
Manfred Wolf
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Koerting Hannover GmbH
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Koerting Hannover GmbH
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Publication of EP0789189A3 publication Critical patent/EP0789189A3/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D11/00Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D2900/00Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/11402Airflow diaphragms at burner nozzle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D2900/00Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/11403Flame surrounding tubes in front of burner nozzle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burner in the preamble of claim 1 type for liquid or gaseous fuels, especially for oil.
  • DE 295 18 919 U1 is a burner of the type in question kind known. It has a nozzle for feeding of fuel on from an outlet to Air is fed into the outlet area of the nozzle is concentrically surrounded.
  • a chamber in the air flows axially through inlet openings.
  • the Chamber has in the area of Swirl blades have a large cross section, so the flow rate the air is correspondingly low.
  • the effect of the swirl blades is very limited, so the speed of rotation of the air as it exits is correspondingly low from the outlet opening. This also results in a slight mixing of the air flowing out of the outlet opening with the Fuel coming from in the area of the outlet opening arranged nozzle emerges. This is the combustion not optimal.
  • the invention has for its object a To create burners of the type in question, in which the Mixing of the supplied air and fuel and thus the combustion significantly improved and the education of NOx is reduced to a minimum.
  • the basic idea of this teaching is that Air already with one when entering the chamber Impact angular momentum by the inlet opening for the air in the chamber at least partially in the circumferential direction is directed. To achieve this angular momentum the inlet opening must therefore be nozzle-shaped his. To amplify this angular momentum the inlet opening is at least partially radially outside the entrance opening, which results has that the turning radius of the air to the outlet opening reduced. As a result, the air experiences on her radial path inwards to the smaller outlet in a known manner due to the physical Law of conservation of the pressure pulse a considerable one Spin so that the air the exit opening from the vortex chamber with a considerable Speed of rotation leaves.
  • the vortex chamber is preferably by several, essentially radial slots in the wall of the swirl chamber facing away from the outlet opening educated.
  • These slots can, for example have the same shape as the slots in the baffle plate according to the literature discussed at the beginning, of course these slots are radial in relation to the exit opening must be arranged so that the Air entering the swirl chamber radially towards the outlet opening moved inward and thus a considerable one due to its inertia Undergoes spin.
  • the middle Radius is much larger than the radius of the outlet opening the vortex chamber.
  • the flame space in the exit direction in front of the nozzle for Fuel can be obtained in a manner known per se from a reaction tube be enclosed. Because the mixture between air and fuel already in the central area after exiting the outlet opening and the nozzle for fuel take place, the mixing is not affected, and there Air and fuel already intimately mixed in the Area of the reaction tube and also there a combustion takes place, the reaction tube heats up in particular Dimensions causing a gasification sprayed liquid Fuel takes place and not as a liquid, but burns as gas largely without residue.
  • a cross-sectional jump performing stage between the reaction tube and the outlet opening of the swirl chamber, preferably the front tapering in the direction of flow Wall of the vortex chamber.
  • This stage leads that a roller-shaped ring vortex forms in its area, in which the air / fuel mixture rotates before it further course in the downstream flame area arrives.
  • This roller-shaped vortex supports the intimate Mixing fuel and air.
  • an opening for supplying flue gas can advantageously be arranged.
  • the flue gas serves the purpose of lowering the partial pressure of the oxygen so as to lower the peak areas of the flame temperature and thus avoid the formation of NO x .
  • the roller-shaped vortex in the area of the step leads to an intimate mixing of the air / fuel / flue gas mixture in front of the area of the flame.
  • the breakthrough for the flue gas can be an annular one Be gap, this gap being defined by a space between the rear end of the reaction tube and the vortex chamber can be formed.
  • this slot can be adjustable, whereby for adjustment the size of the slot the reaction tube in axial Direction can be kept adjustable.
  • the pressure of the swirl chamber must be Air supplied should be such that despite the comparatively narrow cross section of the outlet opening of the swirl chamber one for the combustion of the introduced fuel sufficient amount of air is supplied.
  • Air supplied should be such that despite the comparatively narrow cross section of the outlet opening of the swirl chamber one for the combustion of the introduced fuel sufficient amount of air is supplied.
  • This is particular also to take into account that to accelerate the air in additional power is required in the swirl chamber.
  • the axial partial section according to FIG. 1 shows the front Part of a burner in which a fan for feeding Air and a pump for the supply of oil in the drawing are left out.
  • a tubular housing 1 tapers in a conical part 2 towards a flame chamber 3, the is surrounded by a flame tube 4.
  • the flame tube 4 is over Screws 5 adjustable in the axial direction connected to brackets 6, attached to the conical part 2 of the housing 1 are.
  • a gap 8 is formed between a rear end 7 of the flame tube 4 and the conical part 2 of the housing 1, a gap 8 is formed.
  • An interior 9 of the housing 1 is on the not shown Fan connected.
  • the front end of the conical part 2 of the housing 1 is closed by a conical wall 10 of a swirl chamber 11, which an outlet opening 12 and through slots in a rear wall 13 formed inlet openings 14 having.
  • the inlet openings 14 are in one radial area outside the outlet opening 12 and also directed substantially in the circumferential direction.
  • the Entry openings 14 are with the interior 9 of the housing 1 in connection and are thus from the not shown Fan fed with air.
  • A extends through the center of the housing 1 Tube 15 for supplying oil via a nozzle assembly 16 to one Nozzle 17, which is designed as a swirl nozzle.
  • the rear one Wall 13 of the swirl chamber 11 is tight with the nozzle assembly 16 connected.
  • the nozzle 17 extends into the outlet opening 12, which thus forms an annular gap.
  • insulators 18 extend tightly, lead through the ignition electrodes 19 into the flame chamber 3, the rear ends as a connector 20 for connection to not shown Ignition cables are formed.
  • Fig. 1 is only one of the ignition electrodes 19 is shown, but it is shown in FIG known way two electrodes available, like that from the View in Fig. 2 can be seen.
  • a flame detector 22 monitors the burning of the flame in the flame chamber 3.
  • a step representing a cross-sectional jump is formed, as can be clearly seen from FIG. 1.
  • an annular roll vortex is formed, in which the flow in the area of the flame tube 3 runs to the rear and in the area of the conical wall 10 to the front.
  • This vortex also contributes to the intimate mixing of fuel and air.
  • mixing with exhaust gas that flows in via the gap 8 takes place in this area. The oxygen partial pressure is reduced by this exhaust gas. This prevents temperature peaks in the flame pattern and thus the formation of NO x .
  • the flame tube 4 is adjustable in relation to the housing 1 and thus also the size of the gap 8 and the supply of exhaust gas.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)

Abstract

The burner has a liquid or gaseous fuel, which is especially oil, and which is fed by a nozzle which is surrounded by a concentric opening. The latter supplies air to the outlet region of the nozzle. The burner has equipment which imparts a rotation to the air which leaves from the opening. The equipment may be a swirl chamber (11) with a central outlet opening (12) and at least one inlet opening (14) for air, and the latter opening may be at least partly arranged radially outside the outlet opening, and may be at least partly aligned in the circumferential direction.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Brenner der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 genannten Art für flüssige oder gasförmige Brennstoffe, insbesondere für Öl.The invention relates to a burner in the preamble of claim 1 type for liquid or gaseous fuels, especially for oil.

Durch DE 295 18 919 U1 ist ein Brenner der betreffenden Art bekannt. Er weist eine Düse zur Zuführung von Brennstoff auf, die von einer Austrittsöffnung zur Zuführung von Luft in den Austrittsbereich der Düse konzentrisch umgeben ist. In Strömungsrichtung vor der Austrittsöffnung befindet sich eine Kammer, in die Luft durch Eintrittsöffnungen axial einströmt. In der Kammer befinden sich Drallflügel, um die Luft in der Kammer in Drehung zu versetzen. Die Kammer hat im Bereich der Drallflügel einen großen Querschnitt, so daß die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der Luft entsprechend gering ist. Die Wirkung der Drallflügel ist dadurch sehr begrenzt, so daß die Rotationsgeschwindigkeit der Luft beim Austritt aus der Austrittsöffnung entsprechend gering ist. Dadurch ergibt sich auch eine geringe Vermischung der aus der Austrittsöffnung ausströmenden Luft mit dem Brennstoff, der aus der im Bereich der Austrittsöffnung angeordneten Düse austritt. Dadurch ist die Verbrennung nicht optimal.DE 295 18 919 U1 is a burner of the type in question Kind known. It has a nozzle for feeding of fuel on from an outlet to Air is fed into the outlet area of the nozzle is concentrically surrounded. In the flow direction before Exit opening is a chamber in the air flows axially through inlet openings. In the chamber There are swirl vanes to keep the air in the chamber To turn. The Chamber has in the area of Swirl blades have a large cross section, so the flow rate the air is correspondingly low. The effect of the swirl blades is very limited, so the speed of rotation of the air as it exits is correspondingly low from the outlet opening. This also results in a slight mixing of the air flowing out of the outlet opening with the Fuel coming from in the area of the outlet opening arranged nozzle emerges. This is the combustion not optimal.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Brenner der betreffenden Art zu schaffen, bei dem die Durchmischung von zugeführter Luft und Brennstoff und damit die Verbrennung deutlich verbessert und die Bildung von NOx auf ein Minimum reduziert ist.The invention has for its object a To create burners of the type in question, in which the Mixing of the supplied air and fuel and thus the combustion significantly improved and the education of NOx is reduced to a minimum.

Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe wird durch die im Kennzeichen des Patentanspruchs 1 angegebene Lehre gelöst.The object underlying the invention will by the specified in the characterizing part of claim 1 Doctrine solved.

Der Grundgedanke dieser Lehre besteht darin, die Luft bereits bei Eintritt in die Kammer mit einem Drehimpuls zu beaufschlagen, indem die Eintrittsöffnung für die Luft in die Kammer wenigstens teilweise in Umfangsrichtung gerichtet ist. Zur Erzielung dieses Drehimpulses muß die Eintrittsöffnung also düsenförmig ausgebildet sein. Zur Verstärkung dieses Drehimpulses ist die Eintrittsöffnung wenigstens teilweise radial außerhalb der Eintrittsöffnung angeordnet, was zur Folge hat, daß sich der Drehradius der Luft zur Austrittsöffnung hin verringert. Dadurch erfährt die Luft auf ihrem radialen Weg nach innen zu der kleineren Austrittsöffnung hin in bekannter Weise aufgrund des physikalischen Gesetzes von der Erhaltung des Druckimpulses eine beträchtliche Drehbeschleunigung, so daß die Luft die Austrittsöffnung aus der Wirbelkammer mit einer beträchtlichen Drehgeschwindigkeit verläßt. Dadurch wird die Luft aufgrund der Zentrifugalkraft beim Austritt aus der Austrittsöffnung wirksam radial auseinandergerissen, wobei eine innige Vermischung mit dem aus der innerhalb der Austrittsöffnung angeordneten Düse austretenden Brennstoff erfolgt. Diese Wirkung tritt bei gasförmigem Brennstoff, insbesondere aber auch bei flüssigem Brennstoff ein, wenn dieser in an sich bekannter Weise durch eine Wirbeldüse eingesprüht wird. Bei Verwendung einer Wirbeldüse zur Einleitung von flüssigem Brennstoff ist die Drehrichtung des Brennstoffwirbels zweckmäßigerweise gleichsinnig mit der Drehrichtung der durch die Austrittsöffnung der Wirbelkammer austretenden Luft.The basic idea of this teaching is that Air already with one when entering the chamber Impact angular momentum by the inlet opening for the air in the chamber at least partially in the circumferential direction is directed. To achieve this angular momentum the inlet opening must therefore be nozzle-shaped his. To amplify this angular momentum the inlet opening is at least partially radially outside the entrance opening, which results has that the turning radius of the air to the outlet opening reduced. As a result, the air experiences on her radial path inwards to the smaller outlet in a known manner due to the physical Law of conservation of the pressure pulse a considerable one Spin so that the air the exit opening from the vortex chamber with a considerable Speed of rotation leaves. This is the air due to the centrifugal force effectively torn apart radially when exiting the outlet opening, with an intimate mixture with that from the nozzle arranged within the outlet opening escaping fuel occurs. This effect occurs with gaseous Fuel, especially when liquid Fuel if this through in a known manner a swirl nozzle is sprayed. When using a swirl nozzle the direction of rotation for the introduction of liquid fuel the fuel vortex expediently in the same direction with the direction of rotation through the outlet opening of the swirl chamber escaping air.

Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung verkleinert sich der Querschnitt der Wirbelkammer zur Austrittsöffnung hin konisch oder trompetenförmig. Dadurch erfährt die Luft innerhalb der Wirbelkammer bereits eine axiale Beschleunigung zur Austrittsöffnung hin, so daß dadurch die Form der radialen Ausbreitung des aus der Austrittsöffnung austretenden Luftstromes beeinflußbar ist.Downsized according to a development of the invention the cross section of the swirl chamber to the outlet opening conical or trumpet-shaped. The air experiences this there is already an axial acceleration within the swirl chamber towards the outlet opening, so that thereby the shape of the radial Spread of what emerges from the outlet opening Air flow can be influenced.

Die Eintrittsöffnung zur Zuführung von Luft in die Wirbelkammer ist gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung durch mehrere, im wesentlichen radiale Schlitze vorzugsweise in der der Austrittsöffnung abgewandten Wandung der Wirbelkammer gebildet. Diese Schlitze können dabei beispielsweise die gleiche Form haben wie die Schlitze in der Stauscheibe gemäß der eingangs diskutierten Literatur, wobei selbstverständlich diese Schlitze radial im Verhältnis zu der Austrittsöffnung so angeordnet sein müssen, daß sich die in die Wirbelkammer eintretende Luft zur Austrittsöffnung hin radial nach innen bewegt und so aufgrund ihrer Trägheit eine beträchtliche Drehbeschleunigung erfährt. Zweckmäßigerweise erstrecken sich die die Eintrittsöffnung bildenden Schlitze in einem radial Umfangsbereich der Wirbelkammer, dessen mittlerer Radius wesentlich größer ist als der Radius der Austrittsöffnung der Wirbelkammer. Dadurch erfährt die Luft eine außerordentlich hohe Drehbeschleunigung, so daß die Vermischung der aus der Austrittsöffnung austretenden Luft mit dem Brennstoff besonders intensiv ist.The inlet opening for the supply of air into the According to a development of the invention, the vortex chamber is preferably by several, essentially radial slots in the wall of the swirl chamber facing away from the outlet opening educated. These slots can, for example have the same shape as the slots in the baffle plate according to the literature discussed at the beginning, of course these slots are radial in relation to the exit opening must be arranged so that the Air entering the swirl chamber radially towards the outlet opening moved inward and thus a considerable one due to its inertia Undergoes spin. Conveniently, extend the slots forming the inlet opening in a radial peripheral region of the swirl chamber, the middle Radius is much larger than the radius of the outlet opening the vortex chamber. As a result, the air experiences one extraordinarily high spin so that the mixing the air emerging from the outlet opening with the Fuel is particularly intense.

Der Flammraum in Austrittsrichtung vor der Düse für Brennstoff kann in an sich bekannter Weise von einem Reaktionsrohr umschlossen sein. Da die Vermischung zwischen Luft und Brennstoff bereits im zentralen Bereich nach Austritt aus der Austrittsöffnung und der Düse für Brennstoff erfolgt, wird dadurch die Vermischung nicht beeinträchtigt, und da Luft und Brennstoff bereits in inniger Vermischung in den Bereich des Reaktionsrohres gelangen und auch dort eine Verbrennung stattfindet, erwärmt sich das Reaktionsrohr in besonderem Maße, wodurch eine Vergasung eingesprühten flüssigen Brennstoffs erfolgt und dieser nicht als Flüssigkeit, sondern als Gas weitgehend rückstandsfrei verbrennt.The flame space in the exit direction in front of the nozzle for Fuel can be obtained in a manner known per se from a reaction tube be enclosed. Because the mixture between air and fuel already in the central area after exiting the outlet opening and the nozzle for fuel take place, the mixing is not affected, and there Air and fuel already intimately mixed in the Area of the reaction tube and also there a combustion takes place, the reaction tube heats up in particular Dimensions causing a gasification sprayed liquid Fuel takes place and not as a liquid, but burns as gas largely without residue.

Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist zwischen dem Reaktionsrohr und der Austrittsöffnung der Wirbelkammer, vorzugsweise der in Strömungsrichtung sich verjüngenden vorderen Wandung der Wirbelkammer, eine einen Querschnittssprung darstellende Stufe gebildet. Diese Stufe führt dazu, daß sich in ihrem Bereich ein walzenförmiger Ringwirbel bildet, in dem das Luft/Brennstoffgemisch rotiert, ehe es im weiteren Verlauf in den stromabwärts gelegenen Flammbereich gelangt. Dieser walzenförmige Wirbel unterstützt die innige Vermischung von Brennstoff und Luft.According to a development of the invention, between the reaction tube and the outlet opening of the swirl chamber, preferably the front tapering in the direction of flow Wall of the vortex chamber, a cross-sectional jump performing stage. This stage leads that a roller-shaped ring vortex forms in its area, in which the air / fuel mixture rotates before it further course in the downstream flame area arrives. This roller-shaped vortex supports the intimate Mixing fuel and air.

Im Bereich dieser Stufe, vorzugsweise innerhalb des Reaktionsrohres, läßt sich in vorteilhafter Weise ein Durchbruch zur Zuführung von Rauchgas anordnen. Das Rauchgas dient dem Zweck, den Partialdruck des Sauerstoffs abzusenken, um so die Spitzenbereiche der Flammtemperatur abzusenken und damit die Bildung von NOX zu vermeiden. Auch im Hinblick auf dieses Rauchgas führt der walzenförmige Wirbel im Bereich der Stufe zu einer innigen Vermischung des Luft/Brennstoff/Rauchgasgemisches vor dem Bereich der Flamme.In the area of this stage, preferably inside the reaction tube, an opening for supplying flue gas can advantageously be arranged. The flue gas serves the purpose of lowering the partial pressure of the oxygen so as to lower the peak areas of the flame temperature and thus avoid the formation of NO x . With regard to this flue gas, the roller-shaped vortex in the area of the step leads to an intimate mixing of the air / fuel / flue gas mixture in front of the area of the flame.

Der Durchbruch für das Rauchgas kann ein ringförmiger Spalt sein, wobei dieser Spalt durch einen Zwischenraum zwischen dem hinteren Ende des Reaktionsrohres und der Wirbelkammer gebildet sein kann. Zur Dosierung der Rauchgaszuführung kann dieser Schlitz verstellbar sein, wobei zur Verstellung der Größe des Schlitzes das Reaktionsrohr in axialer Richtung verstellbar gehalten sein kann.The breakthrough for the flue gas can be an annular one Be gap, this gap being defined by a space between the rear end of the reaction tube and the vortex chamber can be formed. For dosing the flue gas supply this slot can be adjustable, whereby for adjustment the size of the slot the reaction tube in axial Direction can be kept adjustable.

Wie bereits erwähnt, muß der Druck der der Wirbelkammer zugeführten Luft so bemessen sein, daß trotz des vergleichsweise engen Querschnitts der Austrittsöffnung der Wirbelkammer eine zur Verbrennung des eingeleiteten Brennstoffs ausreichende Luftmenge zugeführt wird. Dabei ist insbesondere auch zu berücksichtigen, daß zur Beschleunigung der Luft in der Wirbelkammer zusätzliche Leistung erforderlich ist.As already mentioned, the pressure of the swirl chamber must be Air supplied should be such that despite the comparatively narrow cross section of the outlet opening of the swirl chamber one for the combustion of the introduced fuel sufficient amount of air is supplied. Here is particular also to take into account that to accelerate the air in additional power is required in the swirl chamber.

In der Praxis ist es häufig erwünscht, einen Brenner vorgegebener Konstruktion an eine gewünschte Brennerleistung anzupassen. Durch Änderung der Düsengröße für den zugeführten Brennstoff und des Druckes für die zugeführte Luft läßt sich in gewissen Grenzen die Brennerleistung variieren. Zur Erweiterung des Leistungsbereichs zu höheren Werten hin sieht eine zweckmäßige Weiterbildung der Erfindung eine zusätzliche Luftzuführung durch einen außerhalb der Wirbelkammer angeordneten Ringspalt vor, durch den Luft in das Reaktionsrohr einströmen kann. Zwar führt die so zugeführte zusätzliche Luft bei Eintritt in das Reaktionsrohr keine Drehbewegung aus, jedoch erfährt diese Zusatzluft durch das in dem Reaktionsrohr rotierende Brennstoff/Luftgemisch eine gewisse Mitnahme, so daß dadurch eine gute Vermischung erfolgt. Zwar ist diese Vermischung nicht so gut wie die durch die zentral mit hoher Rotationsgeschwindigkeit eingeleitete Luft bewirkte Vermischung, jedoch stellt die durch den Ringspalt eingeleitete zusätzliche Luft zur Leistungsbereicherweiterung einen guten Kompromiß dar. Es ist auch möglich, in oder vor dem Ringspalt Leitbleche vorzusehen, die der den Ringspalt durchströmenden Luft eine Drehbewegung erteilen.In practice it is often desirable to have a burner given construction to a desired burner output adapt. By changing the nozzle size for the supplied Fuel and the pressure for the supplied air can be the burner output varies within certain limits. For expansion of the performance range towards higher values an expedient development of the invention an additional Air supply through an arranged outside the swirl chamber Annular gap through which air flows into the reaction tube can. The additional air supplied in this way leads no rotational movement when entering the reaction tube, however, this additional air experiences through that in the reaction tube rotating fuel / air mixture a certain entrainment, so that it mixes well. Although this is Mixing is not as good as that of the central with high Rotation speed of introduced air causes mixing, however, the one introduced through the annular gap additional air to expand the performance range a good one Compromise. It is also possible in or in front of the annular gap To provide baffles that flow through the annular gap Give air a rotary motion.

Anhand der Zeichnung soll die Erfindung an einem Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert werden.

Fig. 1
zeigt einen axialen Teilschnitt durch ein Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß der Erfindung,
Fig. 2
ist eine Axialansicht von links in Fig. 1
Fig. 3
zeigt als vergrößerte Einzelheit aus Fig. 1 die hintere Wandung der Wirbelkammer und
Fig. 4
ist eine Axialansicht in Fig. 3.
The invention will be explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment with reference to the drawing.
Fig. 1
shows an axial partial section through an embodiment according to the invention,
Fig. 2
3 is an axial view from the left in FIG. 1
Fig. 3
shows as an enlarged detail of Fig. 1, the rear wall of the swirl chamber and
Fig. 4
3 is an axial view in FIG. 3.

Der axiale Teilschnitt gemäß Fig. 1 zeigt den vorderen Teil eines Brenners, bei dem ein Gebläse zur Zuführung von Luft und eine Pumpe für die Zuführung von Öl in der Zeichnung rechts weggelassen sind. Ein rohrförmiges Gehäuse 1 verjüngt sich in einem konischen Teil 2 zu einem Flammraum 3 hin, der von einem Flammrohr 4 umgeben ist. Das Flammrohr 4 ist über Schrauben 5 in Axialrichtung verstellbar mit Laschen 6 verbunden, die an dem konischen Teil 2 des Gehäuses 1 befestigt sind. Zwischen einem hinteren Ende 7 des Flammrohres 4 und dem konischen Teil 2 des Gehäuses 1 ist ein Spalt 8 gebildet. Ein Innenraum 9 des Gehäuses 1 ist an das nicht dargestellte Gebläse angeschlossen.The axial partial section according to FIG. 1 shows the front Part of a burner in which a fan for feeding Air and a pump for the supply of oil in the drawing are left out. A tubular housing 1 tapers in a conical part 2 towards a flame chamber 3, the is surrounded by a flame tube 4. The flame tube 4 is over Screws 5 adjustable in the axial direction connected to brackets 6, attached to the conical part 2 of the housing 1 are. Between a rear end 7 of the flame tube 4 and the conical part 2 of the housing 1, a gap 8 is formed. An interior 9 of the housing 1 is on the not shown Fan connected.

Das vordere Ende des konischen Teils 2 des Gehäuses 1 ist durch eine konische Wandung 10 einer Wirbelkammer 11 verschlossen, die eine Austrittsöffnung 12 und durch Schlitze in einer hinteren Wandung 13 gebildete Eintrittsöffnungen 14 aufweist. Die Eintrittsöffnungen 14 befinden sich in einem radialen Bereich außerhalb der Austrittsöffnung 12 und sind außerdem im wesentlichen in Umfangsrichtung gerichtet. Die Eintrittsöffnungen 14 stehen mit dem Innenraum 9 des Gehäuses 1 in Verbindung und werden somit von dem nicht dargestellten Gebläse mit Luft gespeist.The front end of the conical part 2 of the housing 1 is closed by a conical wall 10 of a swirl chamber 11, which an outlet opening 12 and through slots in a rear wall 13 formed inlet openings 14 having. The inlet openings 14 are in one radial area outside the outlet opening 12 and also directed substantially in the circumferential direction. The Entry openings 14 are with the interior 9 of the housing 1 in connection and are thus from the not shown Fan fed with air.

Durch das Zentrum des Gehäuses 1 erstreckt sich ein Rohr 15 zur Zuleitung von Öl über einen Düsenstock 16 zu einer Düse 17, die als Wirbeldüse ausgebildet ist. Die hintere Wandung 13 der Wirbelkammer 11 ist dicht mit dem Düsenstock 16 verbunden. Die Düse 17 erstreckt sich in die Austrittsöffnung 12, die somit einen Ringspalt bildet.A extends through the center of the housing 1 Tube 15 for supplying oil via a nozzle assembly 16 to one Nozzle 17, which is designed as a swirl nozzle. The rear one Wall 13 of the swirl chamber 11 is tight with the nozzle assembly 16 connected. The nozzle 17 extends into the outlet opening 12, which thus forms an annular gap.

Durch die hintere Wandung 13 und die konische Wandung 10 der Wirbelkammer 11 erstrecken sich dicht Isolatoren 18, durch die Zündelektroden 19 in den Flammraum 3 führen, deren hintere Enden als Stecker 20 zur Verbindung mit nicht dargestellten Zündkabeln ausgebildet sind. In Fig. 1 ist nur eine der Zündelektroden 19 dargestellt, es sind jedoch in bekannter Weise zwei Elektroden vorhanden, wie das aus der Ansicht in Fig. 2 ersichtlich ist. Durch die hintere Wandung 13 und die konische Wandung 10 der Wirbelkammer 11 führt außerdem dicht ein Rohr 21, durch das hindurch ein Flammwächter 22 das Brennen der Flamme in dem Flammraum 3 überwacht.Through the rear wall 13 and the conical wall 10 of the swirl chamber 11 insulators 18 extend tightly, lead through the ignition electrodes 19 into the flame chamber 3, the rear ends as a connector 20 for connection to not shown Ignition cables are formed. In Fig. 1 is only one of the ignition electrodes 19 is shown, but it is shown in FIG known way two electrodes available, like that from the View in Fig. 2 can be seen. Through the back wall 13 and the conical wall 10 of the swirl chamber 11 also leads tightly a tube 21, through which a flame detector 22 monitors the burning of the flame in the flame chamber 3.

Aus den Fig. 3 und 4, die als vergrößerte Einzelheit die hintere Wandung 13 der Wirbelkammer 11 zeigen, wird die Ausbildung und Anordnung der die Eintrittsöffnungen bildenden Schlitze 14 deutlich.3 and 4, as an enlarged detail show the rear wall 13 of the swirl chamber 11, the Formation and arrangement of the inlet openings Slots 14 clearly.

Bei Betrieb des Brenners wird Öl über das Rohr 15 der Düse 17 zugeführt, aus der das Öl als Wirbel austritt und sich in einem Sprühkegel in den Flammraum 3 ausbreitet.When the burner is operating, oil is passed through the pipe 15 Nozzle 17 supplied, from which the oil emerges as a vortex and spreads into the flame chamber 3 in a spray cone.

Durch das nicht dargestellte Gebläse wird über den Innenraum 9 des Gehäuses 1 unter Druck stehende Luft den Eintrittsöffnungen 14 zugeführt, durch die die Luft mit einem Drehimpuls in Umfangsrichtung in die Wirbelkammer 11 einströmt. Diese Luft bewegt sich in der Wirbelkammer 11 radial nach innen und axial nach vorn zu der Austrittsöffnung 12, wobei sich ihre Drehgeschwindigkeit beträchtlich erhöht, so daß sie aus der Austrittsöffnung 12 mit hoher Drehgeschwindigkeit austritt und sich so kegelförmig verbreitert. Dabei vermischen sich der aus der Düse 17 austretende Sprühkegel des Öls mit dem aus der Austrittsöffnung 12 austretenden Luftkegel. Dieses Brennstoff/Luftgemisch wird in bekannter Weise durch die Elektroden 19 gezündet. Die Verbrennung erfolgt dann in dem Flammrohr 3.By the blower, not shown, over the Interior 9 of the housing 1 pressurized air the inlet openings 14 fed through which the air with a Angular momentum flows into the swirl chamber 11 in the circumferential direction. This air moves radially in the swirl chamber 11 inward and axially forward to the outlet opening 12, whereby their speed of rotation increases considerably, so that they exit the outlet opening 12 at high speed emerges and thus widens conically. there the spray cone emerging from the nozzle 17 mix of the oil with that emerging from the outlet opening 12 Air cone. This fuel / air mixture is known in the Fired by the electrodes 19. The combustion takes place then in the flame tube 3.

Zwischen der konischen Wandung 10 der Wirbelkammer 11 und dem Flammrohr 4 ist eine einen Querschnittssprung darstellende Stufe gebildet, wie das deutlich aus Fig. 1 zu ersehen ist. Im Bereich dieser Stufe bildet sich ein ringförmiger Walzenwirbel aus, in dem die Strömung im Bereich des Flammrohres 3 nach hinten und im Bereich der konischen Wandung 10 nach vorn verläuft. Dieser Wirbel trägt ebenfalls zur innigen Vermischung von Brennstoff und Luft bei. Außerdem erfolgt in diesem Bereich eine Vermischung mit Abgas, das über den Spalt 8 zuströmt. Durch dieses Abgas wird der Sauerstoffpartialdruck abgesenkt. Dadurch lassen sich Temperaturspitzen im Flammbild und damit die Bildung von NOX vermeiden. Da das Abgas heiß ist, ergibt sich eine verstärkte Verdampfung des Öls, so daß im Ergebnis weitestgehend gasförmiger Brennstoff mit einer blauen Flamme wie bei einem Gasbrenner verbrennt. Nach Lösen der Schrauben 5 ist das Flammrohr 4 im Verhältnis zum Gehäuse 1 verstellbar und damit auch die Größe des Spaltes 8 und die Zuführung von Abgas.Between the conical wall 10 of the swirl chamber 11 and the flame tube 4, a step representing a cross-sectional jump is formed, as can be clearly seen from FIG. 1. In the area of this step, an annular roll vortex is formed, in which the flow in the area of the flame tube 3 runs to the rear and in the area of the conical wall 10 to the front. This vortex also contributes to the intimate mixing of fuel and air. In addition, mixing with exhaust gas that flows in via the gap 8 takes place in this area. The oxygen partial pressure is reduced by this exhaust gas. This prevents temperature peaks in the flame pattern and thus the formation of NO x . Since the exhaust gas is hot, there is an increased evaporation of the oil, so that as a result largely gaseous fuel burns with a blue flame as in a gas burner. After loosening the screws 5, the flame tube 4 is adjustable in relation to the housing 1 and thus also the size of the gap 8 and the supply of exhaust gas.

Claims (14)

  1. A burner for fluid or gaseous fuel, in particular oil, having a nozzle (17) for supplying the fluid,
    Having an outlet orifice (12) concentrically surrounding the nozzle (17) for supplying air in the outlet area of nozzle (17),
    Having a chamber (11) arranged in the flow direction in front of outlet orifice (12), which has the outlet orifice (12), which has the outlet orifice (12) as the central orifice,
    Having an inlet orifice (14) for supplying air to the chamber (11) and having means for producing a rotating motion of the air in the chamber, characterised in that to produce the air rotating motion in chamber (11), inlet orifice (14) is at least partially so-directed in the peripheral direction that the air flows into chamber (11) having an angular momentum and
    that the inlet orifice is arranged at least partially radially outside outlet orifice (12).
  2. A burner according to claim 1, characterised in that the turbulence chamber (11) cross-section conically or trumpet-shaped, diminishes towards outlet orifice (12).
  3. A burner according to claim 1, characterised in that air inlet orifice (14) is formed through essentially radial slots in a wall (13) of turbulence chamber (11).
  4. A burner according to claim 3, characterised in that the slots forming inlet orifice (14) extend in a peripheral area whose central radius is essentially greater than the radius of turbulence chamber (11) outlet orifice (12).
  5. A burner according to claim 1, characterised in that the nozzle (17) for the fuel is a swirl nozzle, whose turbulence direction is the same as the turbulence direction in turbulence chamber (11).
  6. A burner according to claim 1, characterised in that a flame area (3), constructed in the outlet direction from nozzle (17) for fuel, is enclosed by a reaction tube (4).
  7. A burner according to claim 6, characterised in that a graduation representing a cross-sectional jump is formed between reaction tube (4) and outlet orifice (12) of the turbulence chamber (11), preferably the forward wall (10) of which tapering in the direction of flow.
  8. A burner according to claim 7, characterised in that in the region of the graduation, preferably directly radially within reaction tube (4), at least an opening is provided for flue gas.
  9. A burner according to claim 8, characterised in that the opening is an annular-shaped gap (8).
  10. A burner according to claim 9, characterised in that gap (8)is formed by an intermediate area between the rear end (7) of reaction tube (4) and turbulence chamber (11).
  11. A burner according to claim 10, characterised in that the size of the gap (8) is adjustable.
  12. A burner according to claim 11, characterised in that to adjust the size of gap (8), reaction tube (4) is held adjustable in the axial direction.
  13. A burner according to claim 1, characterised in that an annular gap is arranged outside turbulence chamber (11) for the additional supply of air into flame area (3).
  14. A burner according to claim 13, characterised in that the cross-section of the annular gap is adjustable.
EP96118804A 1996-02-07 1996-11-23 Burner for fluid or gas fuel, in particular for oil Expired - Lifetime EP0789189B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19604347A DE19604347A1 (en) 1996-02-07 1996-02-07 Burners for liquid or gaseous fuel, in particular for oil
DE19604347 1996-02-07

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0789189A2 EP0789189A2 (en) 1997-08-13
EP0789189A3 EP0789189A3 (en) 1999-02-10
EP0789189B1 true EP0789189B1 (en) 2003-11-12

Family

ID=7784698

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96118804A Expired - Lifetime EP0789189B1 (en) 1996-02-07 1996-11-23 Burner for fluid or gas fuel, in particular for oil

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EP (1) EP0789189B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE254262T1 (en)
DE (2) DE19604347A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006049294A1 (en) * 2006-10-19 2008-04-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Mixing device for e.g. oil burner, has face plate including central flow opening arranged coaxial to fuel nozzle for combustion air, where inner combustion air stream surrounds fuel nozzle via flow opening
US10982846B2 (en) * 2017-06-14 2021-04-20 Webster Combustion Technology Llc Vortex recirculating combustion burner head

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3946552A (en) * 1973-09-10 1976-03-30 General Electric Company Fuel injection apparatus
DE3930569C2 (en) * 1989-09-13 1995-06-01 Siegfried W Schilling Burner head
DE4010360A1 (en) * 1990-03-31 1991-10-02 Peter Erat Oil fired burner assembly - has diffuser and swirl disc mounted inside burner tube
DE4412185B4 (en) 1994-04-08 2005-05-12 Körting Hannover AG Burners for liquid or gaseous fuels, in particular for oil
DE4415717C2 (en) * 1994-05-04 2001-03-01 Man B & W Diesel Ag burner
DE29518919U1 (en) * 1995-11-29 1996-01-25 MEKU Metallverarbeitungs-GmbH, 78083 Dauchingen Mixing device for a burner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE254262T1 (en) 2003-11-15
DE19604347A1 (en) 1997-08-14
EP0789189A3 (en) 1999-02-10
EP0789189A2 (en) 1997-08-13
DE59610817D1 (en) 2003-12-18

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