EP0789187B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung von Brennstoffen - Google Patents
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung von Brennstoffen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0789187B1 EP0789187B1 EP96810567A EP96810567A EP0789187B1 EP 0789187 B1 EP0789187 B1 EP 0789187B1 EP 96810567 A EP96810567 A EP 96810567A EP 96810567 A EP96810567 A EP 96810567A EP 0789187 B1 EP0789187 B1 EP 0789187B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- zone
- delta
- vortex generator
- swirl
- fuel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
- F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
- F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
- F23D11/402—Mixing chambers downstream of the nozzle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
- F23R3/16—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration with devices inside the flame tube or the combustion chamber to influence the air or gas flow
- F23R3/18—Flame stabilising means, e.g. flame holders for after-burners of jet-propulsion plants
- F23R3/20—Flame stabilising means, e.g. flame holders for after-burners of jet-propulsion plants incorporating fuel injection means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2209/00—Safety arrangements
- F23D2209/20—Flame lift-off / stability
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for Combustion of fuels in a main flow from combustion air.
- the invention has for its object in a method and a device for burning fuels in one Main flow from combustion air of the aforementioned Way to improve combustion and exhaust emissions reduce.
- this is achieved in that the combustion air in a channel via at least one delta-shaped Body is directed, the delta-shaped body being made at least one essentially triangular vortex generator area and a trapezoidal shape downstream Flame stabilization area that exists in the region of the vortex generator area fuel into the swirled Combustion air is introduced into the vortex area by means of a half arrow angle and an angle of attack against the mainstream that the swirl of the longitudinal vortices induced in the main flow is smaller than the critical twist to generate one Recirculation zone that the flame stabilization area by means of a half arrow angle and an angle of attack in relation to the current is such that the Swirl of the longitudinal vortices induced in the flow is greater than the critical twist to create a recirculation zone, with which a pair of dome-shaped bodies per delta-shaped body Recirculation zones are created and that the inflamed Combustion air-fuel mixture through the recirculation zones is stabilized.
- a device for performing the method draws is characterized by the fact that in one channel several delta-shaped Bodies are arranged that consist of at least one essentially triangular vortex generator area and a subsequent, downstream trapezoidal flame stabilization area consist.
- the advantages of the invention include that through the method and the device the different Functions such as premixing and flame stabilization, be spatially divided accordingly. This allows the individual functions can be optimized.
- the delta-shaped Bodies create small-scale eddy currents, which causes a very compact design can be realized. This leads to the short mixing and residence times required at low cost and low emissions, above all nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide.
- Building a delta-shaped Body is also very simple in terms of cost further lowers.
- the mixture of combustion air and fuel is also almost perfect and can be done with the slightest Pressure losses can be realized.
- By forming a Pair of counter-rotating recirculation zones each delta-shaped body the recirculation zones stabilize each other. This minimizes the risk that the flame strikes back into the burner and damages it.
- FIG. 1 and 2 is a premix burner 40, essentially consisting of a delta-shaped body 40 and a Fuel injection system 10, 11 shown.
- the delta-shaped Body 40 consists of three flat areas 1, 2 and 3, which have the shape of delta wings and is symmetrical with respect to an axis of symmetry 9.
- the delta-shaped body 40 is made of one according to the occurring temperatures heat-resistant material, for example made of heat-resistant Sheet steel.
- the first area 1 serves as a vortex generator and as a mixing section and is an equilateral triangle with two side edges 30 and a connecting edge 31 are formed. By the two side edges 30 a tip 36 is formed.
- This Tip 36 can of course also be designed as a leading edge are, the first region 1 then being designed as a trapezoid would.
- This vortex generator 1 is by means of a half arrow angle ⁇ 1 and by means of an angle of attack ⁇ 1 defined.
- the second area 2 serves as a further mixing and evaporation section. It is an equilateral trapezoid with the same length Side edges 32 and connecting edges 31 and 33 are formed and is connected to the area by means of the connecting edge 31 connected.
- the mixing section 2 is by means of a half arrow angle ⁇ 2 and defined by means of an angle of attack ⁇ 2.
- the third area 3 serves to stabilize the flame. He is also as an equilateral trapezoid with side edges of equal length 34, the connecting edge 33 and an edge 35 are formed and by means of the connecting edge 33 with the area 2 connected.
- the area 3 is marked by a half arrow angle ⁇ 3 and defined by an angle of attack ⁇ 3.
- Area 2 is optional and is only used if the mixing section formed by area 1 for a homogeneous Mix is not enough. Again, using the side edges 32 induced longitudinal vortices in the flow. Corresponding Area 1 is the number of twists of the longitudinal vortices the arrow angle ⁇ 2 and the angle of attack ⁇ 2 so set that no vortex breakdown (vortex break down) and thus no recirculation zone 5 occurs.
- Area 3 serves to stabilize the flame by means of the longitudinal vortices generated by the side edges 34.
- the swirl number of the longitudinal vertebrae is determined by the sweep angle ⁇ 3 and set the angle of attack ⁇ 3 so that vertebrae burst (vortex break down) occurs.
- Per delta-shaped body 40 creates a pair of recirculation zones 5.
- the swirl of the The longitudinal vortex must be greater than the critical swirl, at which a vertebral burst occurs.
- the gradient in the Swirl number from upstream area 1 or 2 to Area 3 is chosen very large to be a thermoacoustic to achieve stable behavior. To support flame stabilization the cross section of the can not shown channel can be expanded.
- the delta-shaped body 40 shows a thermo-acoustically stable even when operating in rich conditions Behavior on.
- the delta-shaped bodies 40 can be arranged in rows become.
- the delta-shaped body 40 are in large number in parallel rows or concentric rings, arranged for example in an annular combustion chamber. Usually is then not at each tip 36 of the delta-shaped Body 40 attached a fuel nozzle 10.
- the flame itself is stabilized by the recirculation zones 5, without the need for a mechanical flame holder.
- the channel 8 can of course also be made round and the number of delta-shaped bodies 40 per channel is 8 arbitrary and must be adapted to the respective conditions.
- the delta-shaped bodies 40 are in a round channel 20 arranged.
- the arrangement is analogous to Fig.4 and Figure 5.
- the delta-shaped bodies 40 must be curved become.
- mixing tubes 21 are without Flame stabilization arranged.
- Through the mixing tubes 21 Blown combustion air and 10 fuel in through the nozzles the combustion air injected.
- Can for better mixing well-known mixing elements in the mixing tubes 21 how deflectors with wing profile are arranged.
- a such burner arrangement is for unclassified (lean-lean) and graded (fat-lean) operation suitable.
- the number of Mixing tubes 21 which is arranged around the channel 20 arbitrary and must be adapted to the respective conditions.
- FIG. 7 shows a round delta-shaped body in a burner system arranged according to WO 92/06328.
- a burner described with very low nitrogen oxide emissions Downtown of the burner system described there is one fuel-rich flame zone surrounded by one or more Low fuel zones. To do this, the flame becomes radial layered, creating a large radial density gradient arises in the flame.
- the fuel-rich zone contains less than the stoichiometric amount of oxygen.
- By the radial stratification becomes the fuel-rich flame core protected from mixing with the remaining combustion air.
- By recirculating combustion gases into the Outer low-fuel layers can emit nitrogen oxide be further reduced.
- the recirculated combustion gas reduces the oxygen content and the flame temperature.
- Bodies 40 are surrounded by two concentric, annular ones Channels 22 and 23.
- a fuel nozzle 10 is arranged in the body.
- the delta premix burner 40 now becomes substoichiometric, i.e. fuel-rich operated.
- a possibly swirled exhaust gas / air mixture is fed axially.
- the number of concentric channels 22, 23 the Channel 20 is arbitrary and must be appropriate to the circumstances be adjusted.
- the delta-shaped Bodies can also be fixed in the channel in other ways be, for example, so that the downstream edge the third area forms a slot with the channel and that the tips don't touch.
- the delta premix burner can also be used in any other burner configuration to be built in.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
Description
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine Draufsicht auf einen deltaförmigen Körper;
- Fig. 2
- einen Längsschnitt des deltaförmigen Körpers entlang der Linie II-II in Fig.1;
- Fig. 3
- eine Reihenanordnung der deltaförmigen Körper;
- Fig. 4
- einen Teillängsschnitt durch einen Kanal mit darin angeordneten deltaförmigen Körpern;
- Fig. 5
- einen Teilquerschnitt durch den Kanal entlang der Linie V-V in Fig.4;
- Fig. 6
- eine Draufsicht auf einen Rohrbrenner mit deltaförmigen Körpern;
- Fig. 7
- eine Draufsicht auf einen Kern-Brenner mit deltaförmigen Körpern und geschichteter Verbrennung.
- 1
- Wirbelerzeuger und Mischstrecke
- 2
- Misch- und Verdampfungsstrecke
- 3
- Flammenstabilisierung
- 4
- Hauptströmung / Verbrennungsluft
- 5
- kalottenförmige Rückströmzone
- 6
- Brennkammer
- 7
- Querschnittserweiterung, Brenneraustritt
- 8
- Kanal
- 9
- Symmetrieachse
- 10
- Brennstoffdüse
- 11
- Brennstoffeindüsungsleitung
- 20
- runder Kanal
- 21
- Mischrohre
- 22, 23
- konzentrischer Kanal
- 30
- Vorderkante
- 31, 33
- Verbindungskante
- 32, 34
- Seitenkante
- 35
- Kante
- 36
- Spitze
- 40
- deltaförmiger Körper
- α1, α2, α3
- Anstellwinkel
- Φ1, Φ2, Φ3
- halber Pfeilungswinkel
Claims (9)
- Verfahren zur Verbrennung von Brennstoffen in einer Hauptströmung aus Verbrennungsluft,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbrennungsluft in einem Kanal (8, 20) über mindestens einen deltaförmigen Körper (40) geleitet wird, wobei der deltaförmige Körper aus mindestens einem im wesentlichen dreieckförmigen Wirbelerzeuger-Bereich (1) und einem stromabwärts liegenden trapezförmigen Flammenstabilisierungs-Bereich (3) besteht, dass in der Region des Wirbelerzeuger-Bereiches (1) Brennstoff in die verwirbelte Verbrennungsluft eingeleitet wird, dass der Wirbelerzeuger-Bereich (1) mittels eines halben Pfeilungswinkels (Φ1) und eines Anstellwinkels (α1) gegenüber der Hauptrömung so angestellt ist, dass der Drall der in der Hauptströmung induzierten Längswirbel kleiner ist als der kritische Drall zur Erzeugung einer Rezirkulationszone (5), dass der Flammenstabilisierungs-Bereich (3) mittels eines halben Pfeilungswinkels (Φ3) und eines Anstellwinkels (α3) gegenüber der Strömung so angestellt ist dass der Drall der in der Strömung induzierten Längswirbel grösser ist als der kritische Drall zur Erzeugung einer Rezirkulationszone (5), womit je deltaförmigen Körper (40) ein Paar von kalottenförmigen Rezirkulationszonen (5) erzeugt wird und dass das entzündete Verbrennungsluft-Brennstoff-Gemisch durch die Rezirkulationszonen (5) stabilisiert wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen dem Wirbelerzeuger-Bereich (1) und dem Flammenstabilisierungs-Bereich (3) mindestens ein weiterer trapezförmiger Bereich (2) angeordnet ist der als weiterer Misch- und Verdampfungsbereich dient und mittels eines halben Pfeilungswinkels (Φ2) und eines Anstellwinkels (α2) gegenüber der Hauptrömung so angestellt ist, dass der Drall der in der Strömung induzierten Längswirbel kleiner ist als der kritische Drall. - Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Abspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in einem Kanal (8, 20) mehrere deltaförmige Körper (40) angeordnet sind, die aus mindestens einem im wesentlichen dreieckförmigen Wirbelerzeuger-Bereich (1) und einem anschliessenden, stromabwärts liegenden trapezförmigen Flammenstabilisierungs-Bereich (3) bestehen. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen dem Wirbelerzeuger-Bereich (1) und dem Flammenstabilisierungs-Bereich (3) mindestens ein weiterer trapezförmiger Bereich (2) angeordnet ist. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an mindestens einer durch die Seitenkanten (30) des Wirbelerzeuger-Bereiches (1) gebildete Spitze (36) eine Brennstoffdüse (10) angeordnet ist. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an den Seitenkanten (30) des Wirbelerzeuger-Bereiches (1) Brennstoffeindüsungsleitungen (11) angeordnet sind. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die deltaförmigen Körper (40) über eine durch die Seitenkanten (30) des Wirbelerzeuger-Bereiches (1) gebildete Spitze (36) miteinander und über eine stromabwärtige Kante (35) des Flammenstabilisierungs-Bereiches (3) mit dem Kanal (8, 20) verbunden sind. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass um den Kanal (8, 20) herum mehrere Mischrohre (21) angeordnet sind. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass um den Kanal (8, 20) herum mindestens ein konzentrischer Kanal (22, 23) angeordnet ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19536672 | 1995-09-30 | ||
DE19536672A DE19536672A1 (de) | 1995-09-30 | 1995-09-30 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung von Brennstoffen |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0789187A2 EP0789187A2 (de) | 1997-08-13 |
EP0789187A3 EP0789187A3 (de) | 1998-10-14 |
EP0789187B1 true EP0789187B1 (de) | 2003-02-26 |
Family
ID=7773816
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96810567A Expired - Lifetime EP0789187B1 (de) | 1995-09-30 | 1996-08-28 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung von Brennstoffen |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5791891A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0789187B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19536672A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10128063A1 (de) * | 2001-06-09 | 2003-01-23 | Alstom Switzerland Ltd | Brennersystem |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1912730A (en) * | 1932-04-11 | 1933-06-06 | Harold D Schrader | Gas burner and mixing chamber therefor |
US2520388A (en) * | 1946-11-21 | 1950-08-29 | Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd | Apparatus for supporting combustion in fast-moving air streams |
US2823519A (en) * | 1950-02-14 | 1958-02-18 | Dudley B Spalding | Revolving fuel vaporizer and combustion stabilizer |
CH674561A5 (de) * | 1987-12-21 | 1990-06-15 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | |
DE9003781U1 (de) * | 1990-03-31 | 1990-06-13 | Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8012 Ottobrunn | Brennkammer mit Düse für einen Hyperschallantrieb |
CA2093316C (en) * | 1990-10-05 | 2002-12-03 | Janos M. Beer | Combustion system for reduction of nitrogen oxides |
EP0623786B1 (de) * | 1993-04-08 | 1997-05-21 | Asea Brown Boveri Ag | Brennkammer |
EP0620403B1 (de) * | 1993-04-08 | 1996-12-04 | ABB Management AG | Misch- und Flammenstabilisierungseinrichtung in einer Brennkammer mit Vormischverbrennung |
DE59401018D1 (de) * | 1993-04-08 | 1996-12-19 | Abb Management Ag | Mischkammer |
DE4408136A1 (de) * | 1994-03-10 | 1995-09-14 | Bmw Rolls Royce Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Kraftstoff-Aufbereitung für eine Gasturbinen-Brennkammer |
DE4411623A1 (de) * | 1994-04-02 | 1995-10-05 | Abb Management Ag | Vormischbrenner |
US5554022A (en) * | 1994-10-14 | 1996-09-10 | Xothermic, Inc. | Burner apparatus and method |
-
1995
- 1995-09-30 DE DE19536672A patent/DE19536672A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1996
- 1996-08-28 EP EP96810567A patent/EP0789187B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-08-28 DE DE59610173T patent/DE59610173D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-09-30 US US08/720,435 patent/US5791891A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5791891A (en) | 1998-08-11 |
DE59610173D1 (de) | 2003-04-03 |
EP0789187A2 (de) | 1997-08-13 |
EP0789187A3 (de) | 1998-10-14 |
DE19536672A1 (de) | 1997-04-03 |
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