Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
  • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
  • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
  • E02D5/803—Ground anchors with pivotable anchoring members
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D2600/00—Miscellaneous
  • E02D2600/30—Miscellaneous comprising anchoring details

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a new device for anchoring a structural foundation in the ground.
• the technical sector of the invention is the field of making anchors that are driven into any terrain, whether from the surface of a ground or an underground gallery wall or other, by threshing. , vibrofonishing, language or other, to a certain depth or distance from said surface, then on which by a pulling device which may be a cable, chain, belt or other deformable rod provided that the connection with the anchor is flexible and / or articulated, a traction is applied from this surface in such a way that said anchor inclines in a position transverse to the direction of traction and then allows it to resist by opposing a maximum surface area of its wing to this traction and thus immobilizing the pulling up to a certain force value of this traction.
• a pulling device which may be a cable, chain, belt or other deformable rod provided that the connection with the anchor is flexible and / or articulated
• the main applications are, as in all known devices of the same type, the anchoring of guy stakes, cables, massifs, structural support plates, etc. and more particularly when it is desired to obtain a foundation resistance even in the event of poor tensile strength of the soil alone, then creating a solid mass constituted by the soil itself which is prestressed for this, as taught in patent EP 317458 published on May 24, 1989 and filed by the Company TSI and which also describes the whole technique of implementing an anchoring of a foundation, of which we will not recall here the principles thus known.
• patent application EP 161190 published on November 13, 1985 of the I.F.P. has a hinged flap on the rear of the anchor wing to initiate blocking more quickly before tilting.
• a pilot hole has been made with an auger: part of the flap is in the vacuum and its stop action is reduced and delayed.
• the flap joints break.
• materials can get caught between the flap and its stop and prevent its movement therefore its function. This brings us back to the previous case.
• various anchoring systems comprising ribs and fins on the front part of the anchor to facilitate their insertion in the desired direction, combined with articulation systems of the traction point offset from the axis of the anchor being pushed in, on the one hand to release the cable from the driving rod so as not to damage it and on the other hand to facilitate the tilting of the anchor after it is pressed: such device is described for example in patent EP 313936 published on May 3, 1989 of the company FORESIGHT INDUSTRIES INC. , - however, if effectively the control of the direction of driving into the ground is thus better ensured, the pivoting of the anchor itself in the ground is not, at least at the desired depth, and n is not performed reliably.
• the problem posed is therefore to be able to produce an anchoring device, comprising an anchor and a line of traction, and the implementation of which essentially allows the tilting of the anchor from the desired depth reached to then ensure said anchoring at a depth given and this in any type of terrain, * another objective of the invention is also to achieve the insertion of said anchor in said soil by controlling the direction without risk of great deviation.
• the anchoring device comprises a piece of guide and support relative to the body of the anchor, of said end of the line between said point of attachment and its axis of traction ZZ ', and said body of the anchor comprises a fin located on the other side of the front wing plane, relative to said guide piece, and makes it possible to initiate more surely the desired tilting.
• said guide part ensures said offset and is a part of the body of the anchor on which said end of the line or pulling cable is supported, fixed to said point of attachment.
• said guide piece is constituted by a rigid part which forms the end of the line of traction, which is articulated around said point of attachment and which is supported on the body of the anchor by a spring housed therein and which is compressed in the threshing position , between the rigid end of said line of traction and said body of the anchor.
• the line of traction can itself be entirely rigid, and therefore in one piece, articulated directly in the body of the anchor, around an attachment point secured to its end such as a pin which can be , either offset with respect to the axis of traction XX ', the end of the rigid part then being bent, or aligned with the latter.
• said anchor also comprises another protective fin in front of said guide part perpendicular to the plane of the front wing and of a height h relative to it.
• said fins called protection and tilting respectively are symmetrical with respect to said front wing plane, identical and both located in front of said guide part.
• one of the great novelties and originalities of the present invention is to clearly define the connection of the end of the anchor line with the anchor itself according to a well-determined position whereas so far all the anchors known on the contrary included flexible and free connections without forced guidance or support because we always sought the alignment of the line of traction and its point of attachment to the anchor as soon as the tension was applied, this absolutely does not make it possible to create a voluntary bearing force R, transverse to the direction of traction ZZ ', as shown in particular in the illustrative Figures 2 and 8 described below, thus allowing according to the present invention an instantaneous pre-tilting of the anchor, either as soon as the traction line is tensioned, or as soon as the threshing rod is removed, whatever the nature of the terrain.
• the end of the anchor line is always intentionally brought into contact by a guide and support part with the body of the anchor, directly or by a spring.
• intermediate which part is one of the essential elements of the present invention, while in the known anchor lines, even articulated and offset with respect to the axis of the anchor, it is not transmitted to the body of the anchor as the force aligned in the applied tension direction without causing a transverse reaction force on the anchor.
• pre-tilt perpendicular to the main sail plane of the anchor, and located on the other side relative to the line of traction.
• pre-tilt perpendicular to the main sail plane of the anchor, and located on the other side relative to the line of traction.
• the tilting moment constituted solely by the traction applied to the lever arm formed by the offset of the traction line relative to the axis of the anchor is not sufficient to ensure said tilting according to the terrain encountered as said before, except waiting for a certain rise of the anchor in its hole until the friction allows to obtain a tilting torque, when the rear of the wing has the good fortune to come into abutment .
• this offset is due to the need to free the axis of penetration of the anchor into the ground to let the threshing rods pass, and various solutions have been proposed, such as those mentioned in the introduction to really ensure tilting, proving that the moment of the above forces is considered insufficient, but these solutions have not given convincing results to date.
• the addition of another symmetrical fin on the first on the other side of the sail plane allows protection of the anchor line located aft, while helping to guide when the anchor is pushed in. in the ground.
• the existence of the spring embedded in the body of the anchor and bearing on the end of the anchor line makes it possible to obtain, when it is decided and immediately then, the pre-tilting of said anchor and to accompany the tilting thereof to an angle of the order of 30 °, making it possible to irreversibly obtain the attachment of the rear of the wing in the ground at a determined and desired height, which is all the more necessary when one is at a shallow depth in the ground, and when one wants to obtain optimum resistance to traction; the movement is then independent of the shape of the anchor and makes it possible to give the latter shapes that are all the more favorable for the penetration of the anchor into the ground.
• FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of an anchoring device according to the invention.
• Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a device according to Figure 1.
• Figure 3 is a simplified view of the same device as that shown in Figure 2.
• Figure 4 is a sectional view along CC of the device of Figure 3.
• Figure 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a device according to the invention, according to another embodiment.
• Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view along DD 'of the device of Figure 5.
• FIG. 7 is a representation of the different tilting phases during the implementation of a device according to FIGS. 1 to 6.
• Figures 8 to 10 show another embodiment of a device according to the invention:
• Figure 8 is a longitudinal sectional view along VIII / VIII 'of the top view according to Figure 10 and
• Figure 9 is a view in section along IX / IX 'of FIG. 8.
• FIGS. 11 and 12 are representations of the operational implementation of a device according to FIGS. 8 to 10.
• the structure foundation anchoring device in the ground indeed comprises in a known manner an anchor 1 and a traction line 8, which is applied along an axis ZZ '.
• the body of the anchor 1 is made up of various elements such as in particular a front wing 2 profiled to penetrate the ground and which can be made up of two wings cut at a bevel at their ends and symmetrical on either side of the plane defined by the axes of the traction line ZZ 'and of the direction XX' of penetration of the anchor: said profiled front wing 2 thus allows the anchor to sink into the ground along said axis XX 'thanks to the thrust transmitted by a threshing element 20 which is pressed from the surface of the ground or the wall of the ground in which one wants to penetrate said anchor and which is housed along the axis XX • at the rear of the anchor in a housing 4 provided for this.
• Said body of the anchor 1 also comprises on either side of this housing 4 a rear wing 3 in the extension of the front wing 2 and of a sufficient surface to allow to oppose the traction effect of the line 8, in the anchoring position, making abutment in the ground and as shown in Figure 7, after the anchor has entered it and after a first tilting step, said abutment being represented by the force F'2 in this FIG.
• the end of one of the ends 18 of the traction line 8 is secured to a point or attachment piece 9 located towards the middle of the body of the anchor 1, which attachment point 9 must be offset from to the axis ZZ 'of traction thereof towards the axis XX' of the body of the anchor 1 for the embodiments of Figures 1 to 7, and even preferably located along said axis to obtain a tilting torque as high as possible, while in the embodiments of Figures 8 to 12, this offset can be non-existent or at least less since the desired and necessary tilting torque is then provided by the power of the spring 24 put in compression.
• said guide and support part 7 is part of said body of the anchor 1 and on which rests said end 18 of the traction line, which is then necessarily deformable, such as a cable, and which will be cited as a reference in the following description of Figures 1 to 7, which end 18 is fixed to said point of attachment 9
• this guide and support piece 7 allows the end 18 of the traction line 8 to be guided between said attachment point 9 and the traction axis ZZ 'proper, ensuring said offset and of such shape that said end 18 of the traction cable 8 forms an angle ⁇ more 10 ° and less than 90 ° with the XX 'axis of the anchor, and preferably between 60 and 90 °.
• said point or attachment piece 9 consists of an articulation end piece in this case cylindrical of revolution at least along an axis perpendicular to said axes XX 'and ZZ', fixed and integral with the end 19 of the end 18 of the cable 8 on which it is breeched: said end piece 9 can thus be a cylindrical part or a spherical part: it can also be an attachment in the body of the anchor; the piece constituting the end piece 9 may include a hollow appendage through which the end 18 of the cable 8 passes: it is this appendage which then comes to bear against the guide piece 7 of the body of the anchor.
• Said endpiece 9 is housed and articulated in a housing 10 of the body of the anchor in which it can rotate at least along the axis perpendicular to said axes XX 'and ZZ' and communicates with an orifice 20 in the form of a trunk through which passes said end 18 of the cable.
• said housing is located in front of the surface center of one set of wings 2, 3 of said anchor.
• the inclination of this reaction force R depends of course the initial angle ⁇ ; we preferably take an angle of 60 to 90 ° but a very small angle of the order of 10 ° would always have a reaction force, - we limit the angle to 90 ° maximum because beyond, a higher angle would create an unnecessary tilting force during the actual anchoring of the anchor in the final position in the soil in which it must be maintained, which would even be possibly unfavorable for a prestressing effect on the soil in which we want a symmetrical distribution on the wing without additional tilting effort.
• Said body of the anchor 1 may also include a protective fin 5 in front of said support piece 5 to protect it. ci and the cable when sinking into the ground, perpendicular to the plane of the front blade 2 and a height h relative to it, greater than the distance d of offset from the axis ZZ 'of said traction cable 8 , as well as a fin 6 located on the other side of the front wing plan 2 relative to this first fin 5.
• the two so-called fins 5 and 6 are preferably symmetrical with respect to the sail plane 2 and identical in order to balance the forces when the anchor is struck and thus, and thanks to their combination with the front wing 2, make it possible to guarantee the threshing direction.
• said fin 5 or upper rib which is profiled on the front to allow penetration into the ground cuts it and protects the cable 8, while the lower rib or fin 6, also profiled on the 'before in the same way, cuts the ground like the upper rib, and moreover, by its heel effect 16, makes tilting stop as illustrated in Figure 7.
• Figure 3 is therefore a representation of the device according to Figure 2, in section AA 'according to Figure 4, while the latter is a section along CC of the same device in Figure 3: the housing 10 of the nozzle 9 and the latter are cylindrical in shape.
• the end 19 of the end 18 of the cable 8 can be directly pelletized in a housing 17 of the body of the anchor l and said support piece 7 extends beyond the bearing area of the end of the cable 8 at 90 ° with the axis XX 'up to said housing 17 to constitute therewith said point of attachment 9.
• FIG. 7 three positions of the anchor are shown after it has been placed, for example by threshing, leaving behind a well 15 of axis PP ′ in the soil 11 in which it has been sunk to the desired depth. from which it will tilt, the tilting stroke being known, - depending on the types of terrain, it represents half the length of the anchor. There is a slight slip due to the settlement of ground around the anchor.
• the axis PP 'of the well 15 is coincident during the entire insertion phase of the anchor with the axis XX' of the latter.
• the first stage is that of the immediate and irreversible pre-tilting, during the tensioning of the cable or of the anchoring line 8 subjected to the force T2, thanks to the composition of the parallelogram of the action and reaction forces. as described according to Figure 2.
• This force R is therefore of course the greatest at the start of the rotation during this pre-tilting step in which this force, if we take a sufficiently large angle ⁇ , causes a tilting torque, due to the distance of this resulting R at the point of rotation G, large enough to ensure the tilting in the ground, whatever the nature of it.
• the end of the tilting illustrated for example in position 14 continues by balancing the reaction forces of the ground F'3 and F'2, which also compensate for the tension force T4 applied to the cable 8, with respect to the position of the point of traction thereof, which is preferably in front of the surface center of gravity, until there is a stability of this balance: the two couples generated by these two reaction forces in the ground having to compensate and therefore cancel each other out for obtain this equilibrium at the final desired angle of the axis XX 'relative to the initial driving axis PP' or of the traction ZZ 'of the cable 8.
• the traction cable 8 used in the present description can be replaced by any deformable and / or flexible line making it possible to transmit the traction forces, such as a chain, a belt or any other device such as a deformable rod.
• Figures 8 to 12 show another embodiment of the invention, the main application of which is anchoring at shallow depths up to about one meter, and in which said guide and support piece 7 does not part of the body of the anchor as before, but of the traction line 8: it is constituted by a rigid piece forming the end 18 of the traction line 8, is supported by a spring 24 on the body 1 of the anchor and revolves around point 9.
• the actual traction line 8 can be in one piece to the ground surface, include the end 18 and be composed of a single piece up to and including the joint and attachment point 9, * the line of traction to the surface can also consist of a deformable line as in Figures 1 to 7, and be fixed near the anchor 1 on the other end, relative to the attachment point 9, of said end piece 18 which is then only rigid.
• the main body 1 of the anchor comprising a bulge forming a bulge, in which the articulation and anchor point 9 is located, and a fin forming a spur-stop 6 on the other face, - the rear part of the body 1 of the anchor has a bore 4 for guiding the end of the threshing rod 20, the rear 22 of the body 1 serving inter alia anvil to said threshing rod as shown in FIG. 11.
• the blade of the anchor is in its rear part 3 of constant section, and in its front part 2 of tapered section, for penetration into the ground 11 with two heels 23 lateral, favoring the attachment to the ground during traction T on the anchor line 8, - the mode of implementation shown in Figures 11 and 12, corresponds to the same phases described as in the representation of Figures 7 to which we will refer, in pa particular for the pre-tilt positions 12 and 13 of Figures 7a and 7b.
• Such an anchor is designed to offer less resistance to penetration into the ground, although pilot holes can be made beforehand, these forms being tapered in arrowheads, and all the elements of the wing connecting to the body proper of the anchor by large radii of curvature of form.
• a housing 10 is made in which the end attachment point 9 of the anchoring line ⁇ is embedded, such as by a tenon joint or along an axis or a cylindrical pin forming part of said anchor line, - which housing 10 opens with a light 20 on the face which can be called dorsal of the anchor, for the passage and the relative rotation relative to the anchor , over approximately 90 °, for example, of the rigid piece 7 at the end 18 of the anchoring line 8 between the threshing position and that of the final anchoring; this anchoring line can be threaded there during its assembly by the ventral face of the anchor where said housing 10 opens.
• the articulation 9 is located slightly in front of the surface center of the anchor 1, and another bore 25 located on the rear of this articulation 9, contains the spring 24 and can communicate with that 4 of the threshing rod: this spring 24 gives a pre-tilting impulse and therefore an anchor hooking when it is put in place when the threshing rod is removed 20.
• this righting compression can be maintained from the surface for the duration of the threshing, otherwise, if the line of traction is at least partially deformable, a lug or any holding means can be secured to the threshing rod 20 to keep the end 18 against it until it is withdrawn.
• the spring 24 is of the flange type and works under compression: it is well protected from the surrounding medium 11 during threshing, since it can be entirely housed in the bore 25, which is then closed by the rigid part 7, preventing any penetration gravels or other particles of the soil which could then hinder its expansion.
• the bent bent shape of the end portion 18 of the anchor line makes it possible to make up for the traction offset ZZ 'relative to the articulation axis 9: this offset can be useful for fitting the pin 9 into the body of the anchor without having to magnify it too much, but could not exist, due to the existence of the spring 24 which gives the tilting torque by its reaction force R.
• a line of rigid traction 8, arranged and articulated along the threshing axis XX ' either then it is the traction line 8 itself which ensures threshing, or the threshing rod 20 is hollow and surrounds the line of traction 8, - the spring 24 would be located in a bore offset from the axis XX '.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Paleontology (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
• Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
• Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
• Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
• Foundations (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=9468058

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (12)

Families Citing this family (9)

Family Cites Families (5)

• 1994
  • 1994-10-14 FR FR9412563A patent/FR2725739A1/fr active Granted
• 1995
  • 1995-10-09 AU AU36578/95A patent/AU699700B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1995-10-09 US US08/809,887 patent/US5815993A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1995-10-09 EP EP95934191A patent/EP0786035B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1995-10-09 KR KR1019970702378A patent/KR970706439A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1995-10-09 DE DE69504363T patent/DE69504363T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1995-10-09 AT AT95934191T patent/ATE170247T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1995-10-09 JP JP8512978A patent/JPH10512634A/ja active Pending
  • 1995-10-09 CN CN95195647A patent/CN1160427A/zh active Pending
  • 1995-10-09 ES ES95934191T patent/ES2122681T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1995-10-09 WO PCT/FR1995/001316 patent/WO1996012068A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1995-10-12 MA MA24038A patent/MA23693A1/fr unknown

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events