EP0781439A1 - Apparatus for validating items of value, and method of calibrating such apparatus - Google Patents
Apparatus for validating items of value, and method of calibrating such apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- EP0781439A1 EP0781439A1 EP95930665A EP95930665A EP0781439A1 EP 0781439 A1 EP0781439 A1 EP 0781439A1 EP 95930665 A EP95930665 A EP 95930665A EP 95930665 A EP95930665 A EP 95930665A EP 0781439 A1 EP0781439 A1 EP 0781439A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- measurements
- measurement
- items
- data
- acceptability data
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D5/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of coins, e.g. for segregating coins which are unacceptable or alien to a currency
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D11/00—Devices accepting coins; Devices accepting, dispensing, sorting or counting valuable papers
- G07D11/20—Controlling or monitoring the operation of devices; Data handling
- G07D11/28—Setting of parameters; Software updates
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D2205/00—Coin testing devices
- G07D2205/001—Reconfiguration of coin testing devices
- G07D2205/0012—Reconfiguration of coin testing devices automatic adjustment, e.g. self-calibration
Definitions
- This invent-ion relates to apparatus for validating items of value, and to methods of calibrating such apparatus.
- the invention will be described in the context of coin validators, but is also applicable to banknote validators and validators for other items of value.
- acceptability tests are normally based on stored acceptability data.
- One common technique see, e.g.
- GB-A-1 452 740 involves storing "windows", i.e. upper and lower limits for each test. If each of the measurements of a coin falls within a. . respective set of upper and lower limits, then the coin is deemed to be acceptable.
- the acceptability data could instead represent a predetermined value such as a median, the measurements then being tested to determine whether they lie within predetermined ranges of that value.
- the acceptance data could be used to modify each measurement and the test would then involve comparing the modified result with a fixed value or window.
- the acceptance data could be a look-up table which is addressed by the measurements, and the output of which indicates whether the measurements are suitable for a particular denomination (see, e.g. EP-A-0 480 736, and US-A-4 951 799) .
- the measurements may be combined and the result compared with stored acceptance data (cf. G3-A-2 238 152 and GB-A-2 254 949) .
- some of these techniques could be combined, e.g. by using the acceptability data as coefficients (derived, e.g.
- the acceptance data produced by the calibration operation is characteristic cf the specific type of item to be validated.
- the data is independent of .the properties of the item itself, and instead to be characteristic of just the validation apparatus
- a method of calibrating apparatus for validating items of value comprising causing the apparatus to take a plurality of item measurements, applying to each measurement a suitability criterion, and if the suitability criterion is met, updating acceptability data in accordance with the measurement, the acceptability data thus being successively updated in accordance with successive measurements determined to be suitable, and thereafter being usable by the apparatus to define at least one acceptance criterion for testing items.
- the invention also extends to a device for calibrating apparatus for validating items of value, the device using the method of the invention, and to validation apparatus which can be switched to a calibration mode which then operates according to the method of the invention.
- the validation apparatus could employ any of the techniques mentioned above, and the above-identified patent specifications are incorporated herein by reference.
- successive measurements are used for successively updating the acceptability data.
- suitability criteria for example, if a measurement differs from the current acceptability data by more than a predetermined amount, it is deemed anomalous and not used for updating the acceptability data.
- the first measurement is discarded if it does not lie within a predetermined range of the second measurement. If the first measurement is discarded, then the second measurement is thereafter treated as though it were the first . Accordingly, the acceptability data only starts being updated when there are two successive measurements lying within a predetermined range.
- means are provided for preventing the acceptability data from being used in subsequent testing operations if an inadequate number of measurements have passed the suitability criterion and/or if an excessive number of measurements have failed the suitability criterion.
- Figure 1 is a schematic view of a coin mechanism including a coin validator in accordance with the invention
- Figure 2 is a schematic block diagram cf the circuitry of the validator
- Figure 3 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the validator.
- Figure 4 is a flowchart illustrating the calibration part of the operation.
- a coin mechanism 2 has a validator 4 which comprises a hopper 6 into which coins can be inserted.
- the coins fall on to a ramp 8 and then roll under gravity down the ramp past a testing region indicated by the shaded section 10.
- the coins then fall towards an accept gate shown schematically at 12. If the coins have been tested and found not to be genuine, the coins are diverted by the accept gate 12 into a reject path 14, which delivers the coins to a refund tray 16.
- a solenoid is energised to cause the accept gate 12 to shift into a position in which it opens an accept path 18 leading to an escrow bucket 20.
- Coins entering the accept path 18 move past a sensing arrangement shown generally at 22.
- the sensing arrangement 22 After the sensing arrangement 22 has detected that a coin has moved past, it triggers the accumulation of credit, thus permitting a user to operate a machine (not shown) in which the validator is housed.
- an escrow accept gate 24 is opened to allow a coin or coins held thereby to fail into a cash box 25.
- the user can alternatively press an escrow return button (not shown) to cause an escrow return gate 28 to open and so allow coins in the escrow bucket 20 to travel to the refund tray 16.
- the circuitry 30 of the coin testing apparatus shown schematically in Figure 2 includes a set of coin sensors indicated at 34 forming the testing section 10. Each of these sensors is operable to measure a different property of a coin inserted in the apparatus, in a manner which is in itself well known. Each sensor provides a signal indicating the measured value of the respective parameter on one of a set of output lines indicated at 36.
- An LSI 38 receives these signals.
- the LSI 38 contains a read-only memory storing an operating program which controls the way in which the apparatus operates. Instead of an LSI, a standard microprocessor may be used.
- the LSI is operable to compare each measured value received on a respective one of the input lines 36 with values (constituting acceptance data) stored in predetermined locations in an EPROM 40.
- the ⁇ PROM 40 could be any other type of memory circuit with alterable contents, and could be formed of a single or several integrated circuits, or may be combined with the LSI 38 (or microprocessor) into a single integrated circuit.
- the LSI 38 which operates in response to timing signals produced by a clock 42, is operable to address the ⁇ PROM 40 by supplying address signals on an address bus 44.
- the LSI also provides a " ⁇ PROM-enable" signal on line 46 to enable the EPROM.
- a value is delivered from the ⁇ PROM 40 to the LSI 38 via a data bus 48.
- the LSI 38 also has input lines 50 for receiving signals from a keyboard 52 housed in the host vending machine and accessible only to an operator who has a key to unlock the machine, and for receiving signals from other parts of the vending machine indicated generally at 54.
- a keyboard e.g. Dual-In-Line switches
- the LSI could be controlled by signals received from other e ⁇ uipment to which the validator is connected.
- one embodiment of the invention may comprise three sensors, for respectively measuring the conductivity, thickness and diameter of inserted coins.
- the measurements produced by the three sensors 34 are compared by the LSI 38 with selected values stored in the EPROM 40. If the measured thickness value lies within a predetermined range of the stored thickness value for a particular coin, then the thickness test for that coin has been passed. Similarly, the validator checks whether the diameter measurement and the conductivity measurement are within predetermined ranges of stored values.
- the LSI 38 produces an ACCEPT signal on one of a group of output lines 56, and a further signal on another of the output lines 56 to indicate the denomination of the coin being tested.
- the accept gate 12 adopts one of two different states depending upon whether the ACCEPT signal is generated, so that all tested coins deemed genuine are directed along the accept path 18 and all other tested items along the reject path 1 .
- FIG. 3 shows an example of how the validator may be arranged to operate, the figure relating only to those parts of the operation which are relevant to the present invention.
- the operation starts at step 400, and then following an initialization operation proceeds to step 410 where the validator checks to determine whether a coin has been inserted. If not, the program proceeds to step 420 to determine whether the keyboard 52 has been operated in such a manner as to instruct the machine to enter a calibration mode. For example, the machine may check to determine whether the operator has pressed a specific key or key sequence associated with this mode. If so, the program proceeds to step 422 to set a CALIBRATION flag indicating that the calibration mode has been entered. Various variables are also initialised, as below. In any event, the program loops back to step 410, so that the validator again checks to determine whether a coin has been inserted. The program proceeds in this fashion until a coin is inserted, and then proceeds to step 427. At this step the coin properties are measured.
- step 428 the program checks whether the CALIBRATION flag is set. If so, the calibration routine 429 (described in more detail in connection with Figure 4) is performed. Otherwise the program proceeds to step 430.
- step 430 the program checks whether the measured values fall within the ranges for an acceptable coin, as described above. If so, the program proceeds to step 432, whereupon the ACCEPT signal and the signal indicating the denomination of the inserted coin are issued. If the measured properties did not fall within any of the stored sets of ranges, the program proceeds to step 434, where the inserted item is rejected, and then loops back to step 410.
- step 422 initialises the following variables : COIN_COUNT: the number of coins measured during the calibration operation;
- G00D_C0INS the number of coins whose measurements have passed the suitability criteria
- CURRENT_DATA[n] an n-dimensional array representing the n measurements of an item currently being measured
- SENS0R_DATA[n] an n-dimensional array, each element of the array representing the accumulated total of the measurement results (for a particular type of measurement) for all items whose measurements have passed the suitability criteria.
- Fig. 4 is executed. This starts at step 102.
- C0IN_C0UNT is incremented and the coin measurements are stored in CURRENT DATA[n] .
- the program checks to determine whether GOOD_COINS is greater than zero. Assuming that it is not, i.e. that no coins have yet had their measurements pass the suitability criteria, then the program proceeds to step 112, whereupon the current readings are used to update the acceptability data. Thus, the current values of the elements of SENSOR_DATA[n] (which will initially be zero) are increased by the values of CURR ⁇ NT_DATA[n] . Also at step 112, the value of GOOD_COINS is incremented.
- the step 112 then involves the setting cf the elements of another variable array, AVERAG ⁇ _DATA[n] , equal to the corresponding element of S ⁇ NSOR_D TA[n] divided by the value of G00D_C0INS.
- AV ⁇ RAG ⁇ _DATA[n] therefore represents the average of the measurements which have passed the suitability criteria.
- step 110 determines that G00D_CCINS is greater than zero, and therefore proceeds to step 116.
- a suitability criterion is applied to each of the coin's measurements. If all the suitability criteria are met, the program proceeds to step 112, whereupon GOOD_COINS is incremented, and the elements of CURRENT_DATA[n] are added to SENSOR_DATA [n] . Otherwise, the program proceeds to a "reject readings" step 118.
- the suitability test at step 116 is failed if, for any one of the n measurements:
- window [n] is an array containing predetermined values for each measurement. ⁇ ach value represents a range within which successive measurements must fall for the measurements to be deemed suitable. If the normal testing operation of the validator involves comparing the measurement of an item with upper and lower limits, then window [n] may represent the difference between these limits.
- step 118 which is reached if at least one of the suitability criteria is failed, the program tests to determine whether the value of G00D_C0INS is equal to one. If it is not equal to one, the program proceeds to step 114, i.e. the CURRENT_DATA [n] readings are simply ignored, and the value of G00D_C0INS is not incremented. However, if G00D_C0INS equals one, i.e. only one set of measurements has been used to contribute towards the current values of SENS0R_DATA[n] and AV ⁇ RAG ⁇ _DATA[n] , there s a possibility that these existing measurements are anomalous.
- step 120 the values of SENSOR_DATA [n] are set equal to CURR ⁇ NT_DATA[n] (so that the CURRENT_DATA [n] for the previous item is discarded) and the values of AVERAG ⁇ _DATA[n] are re-calculated to be S ⁇ NSOR_DAT [n] divided by GOOD_COINS .
- step 122 the program determines whether the difference between COIN_COUNT and G00D_C0INS is less than a predetermined limit value. This difference represents the number of items rejected because the suitability criteria were not met. If this number is large, i.e. if the test at step 122 is failed, then the program proceeds to step 124, whereupon a warning display is provided to indicate that the re-calibration operation has failed. Otherwise, the program proceeds from step 122 to step 126. At this point, the value of AV ⁇ RAGE_DATA[n] is stored in the appropriate place in the memory ( ⁇ PROM 40) for use in subsequent testing operations.
- these testing operations involve taking measurements corresponding to those made in the calibration operation, and then determining whether or not these lie within a predetermined window width (possibly window [n] mentioned above) of the stored mean (i.e. AVERAGE_DATA[n] ) .
- step 126 the CALIBRATION flag is reset, so that the calibration routine ends and the apparatus returns to the normal test node. If a "self-tuning" facility is provided then the variables used by this facility may also be initialised at step 126.
- the calibration routine is stored in a separate hand-held terminal 80 (Fig. 2) which can be connected to a serial port 82 of the validator and which includes a microprocessor 84 and a keyboard 86.
- the validator routine of Fig. 3 is responsive at step 420 to instructions from the terminal 80 and passes the coin measurements to the terminal when control is passed to the terminal's processor 84 at step 429.
- coin validators any coin (whether valid or counterfeit) , token, slug, washer, or other metallic object or item, and especially any metallic object or item which could be utilised by an individual in an attempt to operate a coin-operated device or system.
- a "valid coin” is considered to be an authentic coin, token, or the like, and especially an authentic coin of a monetary system or systems in which or with which a coin-operated device or system is intended to operate and of a denomination which such coin-operated device or system is intended selectively to receive and to treat as an item of value.
- the invention is considered to be particularly applicable to the validators which can handle (possibly in addition to ordinary coins) tokens which may be specially manufactured for particular establishments, and may bear a general resemblance to coins in that they are metallic and generally disc- shaped and of a similar size, although would normally be distinguishable from genuine coins by a coin validator. Recalibration of such validators to make them suitable for particular establishments is frequently desired.
- the calibration is carried out by measuring items which correspond to the type of items which are validated in normal use. It would also be possible for at least part of the calibration to involve the measuring of items which the apparatus is intended to reject, i.e. "slugs". In this case, the acceptance data generated by the calibration operation would be used in such a way that tested items which produce measurements similar to those used to derive the acceptance data would be rejected.
- the acceptability data contains only averages of measurements which are used as the median of acceptance ranges
- other data such as standard deviations used to determine the widths of the acceptance ranges.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Testing Of Coins (AREA)
- Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9418185A GB2293039B (en) | 1994-09-09 | 1994-09-09 | Apparatus for validating items of value, and method of calibrating such apparatus |
GB9418185 | 1994-09-09 | ||
PCT/GB1995/002125 WO1996007992A1 (en) | 1994-09-09 | 1995-09-08 | Apparatus for validating items of value, and method of calibrating such apparatus |
HK98106201A HK1007053A1 (en) | 1994-09-09 | 1998-06-23 | Apparatus for validating items of value and method of calibrating such apparatus |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0781439A1 true EP0781439A1 (en) | 1997-07-02 |
EP0781439B1 EP0781439B1 (en) | 1998-07-08 |
EP0781439B2 EP0781439B2 (en) | 2010-03-24 |
Family
ID=26305596
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95930665A Expired - Lifetime EP0781439B2 (en) | 1994-09-09 | 1995-09-08 | Apparatus for validating items of value, and method of calibrating such apparatus |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0781439B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU3397495A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69503383T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2117873T5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2293039B (en) |
HK (1) | HK1007053A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1996007992A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3934714B2 (en) * | 1996-10-31 | 2007-06-20 | 日本金銭機械株式会社 | Bill discrimination device |
AU3024199A (en) | 1998-03-24 | 1999-10-18 | Ascom Nordic A/S | An apparatus for receiving and accepting tokens |
EP1324278A1 (en) * | 2001-12-28 | 2003-07-02 | Mars Incorporated | Calibration of currency validators |
JP2017058962A (en) | 2015-09-16 | 2017-03-23 | グローリー株式会社 | Paper sheet processing device and paper sheet processing method |
CN113611036B (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2022-12-06 | 珠海市运泰利自动化设备有限公司 | Automatic calibration method for precision test |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5819109B2 (en) * | 1978-11-10 | 1983-04-16 | 肇産業株式会社 | Pattern discrimination method |
JPS5927383A (en) * | 1982-08-06 | 1984-02-13 | 株式会社ユニバ−サル | Selector for learning coin or the like |
JPS59111587A (en) * | 1982-12-16 | 1984-06-27 | ロ−レルバンクマシン株式会社 | Money inspector for coin processing machine |
US4538719A (en) * | 1983-07-01 | 1985-09-03 | Hilgraeve, Incorporated | Electronic coin acceptor |
EP0227453A3 (en) * | 1985-12-19 | 1987-12-16 | Bonelco Industries, Limited | Article detection and recognition |
US5067604A (en) * | 1988-11-14 | 1991-11-26 | Bally Manufacturing Corporation | Self teaching coin discriminator |
JPH0731324Y2 (en) * | 1989-04-21 | 1995-07-19 | サンデン株式会社 | Coin discriminator |
US5052043A (en) * | 1990-05-07 | 1991-09-24 | Eastman Kodak Company | Neural network with back propagation controlled through an output confidence measure |
-
1994
- 1994-09-09 GB GB9418185A patent/GB2293039B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-09-08 WO PCT/GB1995/002125 patent/WO1996007992A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-09-08 EP EP95930665A patent/EP0781439B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-09-08 AU AU33974/95A patent/AU3397495A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-09-08 DE DE69503383T patent/DE69503383T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-09-08 ES ES95930665T patent/ES2117873T5/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-06-23 HK HK98106201A patent/HK1007053A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9607992A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69503383T2 (en) | 1999-04-08 |
DE69503383D1 (en) | 1998-08-13 |
DE69503383T3 (en) | 2010-11-11 |
GB9418185D0 (en) | 1994-10-26 |
ES2117873T3 (en) | 1998-08-16 |
EP0781439B2 (en) | 2010-03-24 |
HK1007053A1 (en) | 1999-03-26 |
EP0781439B1 (en) | 1998-07-08 |
GB2293039B (en) | 1998-04-22 |
ES2117873T5 (en) | 2010-07-16 |
WO1996007992A1 (en) | 1996-03-14 |
AU3397495A (en) | 1996-03-27 |
GB2293039A (en) | 1996-03-13 |
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