EP0775027B1 - Method of manufacturing a hollow spindle - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing a hollow spindle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0775027B1
EP0775027B1 EP95925736A EP95925736A EP0775027B1 EP 0775027 B1 EP0775027 B1 EP 0775027B1 EP 95925736 A EP95925736 A EP 95925736A EP 95925736 A EP95925736 A EP 95925736A EP 0775027 B1 EP0775027 B1 EP 0775027B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
inner tube
outer tube
tube
cold
area
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EP95925736A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0775027A1 (en
Inventor
Franz CÜRTEN
Dieter Wittenberg
Martin Kiessling
Günter MALLY
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Vodafone GmbH
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Mannesmann AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
    • B21K1/063—Making machine elements axles or shafts hollow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
    • B21C37/151—Making tubes with multiple passages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
    • B21K1/12—Making machine elements axles or shafts of specially-shaped cross-section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a hollow axis, the in particular for the storage of valve actuation levers for controlling Gas exchange valves used in an internal combustion engine, according to the generic term of the main claim.
  • a hollow axis, in particular a rocker arm axis of the type mentioned is from the DE 42 21 708 A1 known.
  • the rocker arm axis consists of an outer tube, in the interior of which a profiled tubular body is arranged in a fixed manner.
  • a tubular body having a longitudinal web is at least two, preferably three liquid-carrying chambers are formed.
  • a special embodiment is to form a chamber of the tubular body with an approximately V-shaped trained, extending in the longitudinal direction cutout.
  • the inserted or pressed-in tubular body is fixed by cam-like elevations or profiles of the shell of the tubular body. Disadvantageous is that maintaining the position fix as well as sealing the chambers is not ensured under operational conditions and the producible lengths are limited, so that the manufacturing costs are correspondingly high.
  • GB-A-2117281 describes a process for the production of heat exchanger tubes disclosed. Instead of several distributed over the circumference in a complex manner Longitudinal holes in short lengths are made on a thick-walled Inner tube grooves attached. This inner tube prepared in this way is turned into a second tube (Outer tube) and both tubes become tight with a cold draft pulled together. An internal tool is preferably used in the cold drawing Inner tube arranged. To seal between two adjacent grooves ensure a solder is formed on the outer surface of the inner tube a paste, a powder or a film applied and this in one final annealing process melted.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a hollow axis, to provide in particular for the pivotable mounting of valve actuation levers, where the position fixation and the sealing of the chambers also under operational Conditions are maintained and that the inexpensive manufacture of longer lengths allowed.
  • the hollow axis generated is characterized in that to form two Instead of a slide-in profile, chambers are integral with the outer tube connected profiled inner tube is used.
  • the profiled inner tube shows seen in cross-section inward arched area that is rounded and goes into the circular area without a paragraph. Sealing the two Chambers are made in such a way that the whole comes to the plant Circumferential area of the inner surface of the outer tube and the outer surface of the Inner tube is provided with a solder layer.
  • the outer as well as the inner tube are preferably both made of steel. But also other materials such as Cu, Al and Combinations with steel are possible. When used as a rocker arm axle, it is in In many cases it is necessary to partially inductively harden the hollow axis. In one The case is preferably an outer tube made of tempered steel used.
  • the advantage of the method according to the invention is that the profiled Inner tube can be pulled or rolled inexpensively. According to the state of the The slide-in profile used in technology is only possible using a complex extrusion process producible. Due to the entire scope of the system applied solder layer ensures the required tightness of the chambers. By cold-pulling the previously inserted tubes, they become sound-proof pulled together. It should be noted that the two are pressed together Surfaces are as bright as possible metallic and there are no disturbing foreign particles in between. This is achieved by pushing before one another both the outer and inner tubes are bare in a reducing atmosphere be annealed. In addition, you can use this heat treatment Pre-degrease to ensure that none may be there are more cracking lubricant residues on the surface.
  • the chamber is maintained tight proposed the inner surface of the outer tube and the outer surface of the To provide inner tube with an intermediate solder layer.
  • the outer surface of the inner tube is galvanized before being pushed into one another copper plated.
  • the latter type of application can still be supported through an electrostatic charge.
  • the actual soldering is then done by a Annealing after cold drawing. This annealing can be a heat treatment that after the cold drawing would be necessary or an annealing in the course of the Induction hardening.
  • the gap in the transition between curved area of the inner tube and conforming area of the outer tube to be filled with a solder.
  • the smaller one formed by the inner tube Chamber inserted a solder wire made of copper, for example, and the tube was then annealed.
  • the high temperature required for annealing in the range of 1100 ° C Using a hard solder made of Cu can lead to coarse grain formation depending on the steel grade to lead. In order to largely eliminate these, it is also proposed that after the Solder to perform normalization annealing.
  • the hollow axis should be one Have an outside diameter of 24 mm and a wall thickness of 5.0 mm.
  • the hollow axis thus formed has an outer diameter of 24 mm with a total wall thickness of 5 mm. So that the two sound each other drawn tubes are also cohesively connected, the hollow axis is used for soldering subjected to annealing at 1100 ° C.
  • Fig. 1 shows in cross section based on the previously described manufacturing example in the finished state a hollow axis with an outer tube 1, z. B. from a tempering steel Ck45 and a profiled inner tube 2, z. B. from St35. Both tubular bodies were pulled together coldly as described above.
  • the profiled inner tube 2 forms two chambers 3, 4 together with the outer tube 1, the smaller chamber 4 being limited in cross section by an inner peripheral region of the outer tube 1 and an outer peripheral region of the inwardly extending curvature 5 of the inner tube 2 merges rounded into the circular area 6 of the inner tube 3. Ideally, this circular area 6 comes fully to bear on the inside of the outer tube 1.
  • the degree of the system is strongly influenced by the type of bulge 5.
  • the proposed integral connection between inner tube 2 and outer tube 1 has the advantage that when calculating the load capacity of the hollow axis Total wall, d. H. Wall outer tube 1 plus wall inner tube 2 must be taken into account can. This enables a reduction in the wall thickness of the outer tube 1 and leads to a corresponding weight saving. Otherwise in the state of the Technically provided web to increase the rigidity can thus be omitted.

Abstract

The invention concerns a hollow spindle, in particular a spindle designed to mount valve-actuator arms so that they can pivot to control the gas-changing valves in an internal-combustion engine. The spindle consists of an outer tube inside which a shaped-section tubular body is fixed to form at least two liquid-carrying chambers, the tubular body having a groove extending along its length to form one of the chambers. The invention calls for the inner tubular body (2) to have, viewed in section, an inwards-curving region (5) which makes a rounded transition, without steps, to the circular region (6) and for at least the circular region (6) to be rigidly joined by virtue of its material to the outer tube (1).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer hohlen Achse, die insbesondere zur Lagerung von Ventilbetätigungshebeln zur Steuerung von Gaswechselventilen in einer Brennkraftmaschine dient, gemäß dem Gattungsbegriff des Hauptanspruches.The invention relates to a method for producing a hollow axis, the in particular for the storage of valve actuation levers for controlling Gas exchange valves used in an internal combustion engine, according to the generic term of the main claim.

Eine hohle Achse, insbesondere eine Kipphebelachse der genannten Art ist aus der DE 42 21 708 A1 bekannt. Hierbei besteht die Kipphebelachse aus einem Außenrohr, in dessen Innenraum ein profilierter Rohrkörper fixiert angeordnet ist. Durch diesen einen Längssteg aufweisenden Rohrkörper werden mindestens zwei, vorzugsweise drei flüssigkeitsführende Kammern gebildet. Bei einer speziellen Ausführungsform ist zur Bildung einer Kammer der Rohrkörper mit einem etwa V-förmig ausgebildeten, in Längsrichtung sich erstreckenden Ausschnitt versehen. Die Fixierung des eingeschobenen bzw. eingepreßten Rohrkörpers erfolgt durch nockenartige Erhöhungen oder Profilierungen des Mantels des Rohrkörpers. Nachteilig ist, daß die Aufrechterhaltung der Lagefixierung sowie die Abdichtung der Kammern unter betrieblichen Bedingungen nicht sichergestellt ist und die herstellbaren Längen begrenzt sind, so daß die Herstellkosten entsprechend hoch sind.A hollow axis, in particular a rocker arm axis of the type mentioned is from the DE 42 21 708 A1 known. Here, the rocker arm axis consists of an outer tube, in the interior of which a profiled tubular body is arranged in a fixed manner. Through this a tubular body having a longitudinal web is at least two, preferably three liquid-carrying chambers are formed. In a special embodiment is to form a chamber of the tubular body with an approximately V-shaped trained, extending in the longitudinal direction cutout. The The inserted or pressed-in tubular body is fixed by cam-like elevations or profiles of the shell of the tubular body. Disadvantageous is that maintaining the position fix as well as sealing the chambers is not ensured under operational conditions and the producible lengths are limited, so that the manufacturing costs are correspondingly high.

Aus den Schriften U.S. 3,863,328 und U.S. 4,125,924 ist es bekannt, ein klangfestes Ineinanderfügen zweier Rohre dadurch zu erreichen, daß bei den mit einem gewissen Durchmesser-Spielraum ineinandergeschobenen Rohren an dem einen Ende zunächst eine Ziehangel angeformt wird und sodann die Rohre kalt aufeinandergezogen werden. From U.S. Writings 3,863,328 and U.S. 4,125,924 it is known to be a sonorous Interlocking two pipes to achieve that with a certain Diameter nested tubes at one end initially a drawbar is formed and then the tubes are cold drawn together become.

In der GB-A-2117281 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Wärmetauscherrohren offenbart. Statt in aufwendiger Weise mehrere über den Umfang verteilt angeordnete Längsbohrungen in Kurzlängen anzubringen, werden auf einem dickwandigen Innenrohr Nuten angebracht. Dieses so vorbereitete Innenrohr wird in ein zweites Rohr (Außenrohr) geschoben und über einen Kaltzug werden beide Rohre dicht aufeinandergezogen. Vorzugsweise wird beim Kaltzug ein Innenwerkzeug im Innenrohr angeordnet. Um die Abdichtung zwischen zwei benachbarten Nuten sicherzustellen, wird auf der Außenoberfläche des Innenrohres ein Lötmittel in Form einer Paste, eines Pulvers oder eines Filmes aufgebracht und dieses in einem abschließenden Glühprozeß zum Schmelzen gebracht.GB-A-2117281 describes a process for the production of heat exchanger tubes disclosed. Instead of several distributed over the circumference in a complex manner Longitudinal holes in short lengths are made on a thick-walled Inner tube grooves attached. This inner tube prepared in this way is turned into a second tube (Outer tube) and both tubes become tight with a cold draft pulled together. An internal tool is preferably used in the cold drawing Inner tube arranged. To seal between two adjacent grooves ensure a solder is formed on the outer surface of the inner tube a paste, a powder or a film applied and this in one final annealing process melted.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer hohlen Achse, insbesondere zur schwenkbaren Lagerung von Ventilbetätigungshebeln zu schaffen, bei dem die Lagefixierung und die Abdichtung der Kammern auch unter betrieblichen Bedingungen erhalten bleibt und das die kostengünstige Herstellung größeren Längen erlaubt. The object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a hollow axis, to provide in particular for the pivotable mounting of valve actuation levers, where the position fixation and the sealing of the chambers also under operational Conditions are maintained and that the inexpensive manufacture of longer lengths allowed.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind Bestandteil von Unteransprüchen.This object is achieved with the features of claim 1. Beneficial Further training is part of subclaims.

Die erzeugte hohle Achse zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß zur Bildung von zwei Kammern statt eines Einschubprofiles ein mit dem Außenrohr stoffschlüssig verbundenes profiliertes Innenrohr verwendet wird. Das profilierte Innenrohr weist einen im Querschnitt gesehen nach innen gewölbten Bereich auf, der abgerundet und ohne Absatz in den kreisförmigen Bereich übergeht. Die Abdichtung der beiden Kammern erfolgt in der Weise, daß der gesamte zur Anlage kommende Umfangsbereich der Innenfläche des Außenrohres und der Außenfläche des Innenrohres mit einer Lötschicht versehen ist. Das Außen- als auch das Innenrohr sind vorzugsweise beide aus Stahl. Aber auch andere Werkstoffe wie Cu, Al und Kombinationen mit Stahl sind denkbar. In der Anwendung als Kipphebelachse ist es in vielen Fällen erforderlich, die hohle Achse partiell induktiv zu härten. In einem solchen Fall wird als Außenrohr vorzugsweise ein solches aus einem Vergütungsstahl eingesetzt.The hollow axis generated is characterized in that to form two Instead of a slide-in profile, chambers are integral with the outer tube connected profiled inner tube is used. The profiled inner tube shows seen in cross-section inward arched area that is rounded and goes into the circular area without a paragraph. Sealing the two Chambers are made in such a way that the whole comes to the plant Circumferential area of the inner surface of the outer tube and the outer surface of the Inner tube is provided with a solder layer. The outer as well as the inner tube are preferably both made of steel. But also other materials such as Cu, Al and Combinations with steel are possible. When used as a rocker arm axle, it is in In many cases it is necessary to partially inductively harden the hollow axis. In one The case is preferably an outer tube made of tempered steel used.

Der Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist darin zu sehen, daß das profilierte Innenrohr kostengünstig gezogen oder gewalzt werden kann. Das nach dem Stand der technik verwendete Einschubprofil ist nur über ein aufwendiges Strangpressverfahren herstellbar. Durch die über den gesamten zur Anlage kommenden Umfang aufgebrachte Lötschicht wird die geforderte Dichtheit der Kammern gewährleistet. Durch ein Kaltziehen der zuvor ineinandergeschobenen Rohre werden diese klangfest aufeinandergezogen. Dabei ist zu beachten, daß die beiden aufeinandergepreßten Flächen möglichst metallisch blank sind und sich keine störenden Fremdpartikel dazwischen befinden. Dies wird dadurch erreicht, daß vor dem Ineinanderschieben sowohl das Außen- wie auch das Innenrohr in einer reduzierenden Atmosphäre blank geglüht werden. Zusätzlich kann man dieser Wärmebehandlung noch einen Entfettungsprozeß davorschalten, um sicherzustellen, daß sich keine möglicherweise vercrackende Schmiermittelreste mehr auf der Oberfläche befinden. Damit das Innenrohr mit Ausnahme des Wölbungsbereiches am gesamten übrigen Umfang zur Anlage kommt, darf der Wölbungsbereich nicht zu spitzwinklig ausgebildet sein. Als günstig hat sich ein Mindestöffnungswinkel von 60° sowie ein Krümmungsradius der Wölbung von min 2,5 mm erwiesen. Andernfalls ist die Federwirkung des Wölbungsbereiches trotz abstützenden Innenwerkzeuges zu groß, so daß ein bestimmter Bereich im Übergang nicht zur Anlage kommt. The advantage of the method according to the invention is that the profiled Inner tube can be pulled or rolled inexpensively. According to the state of the The slide-in profile used in technology is only possible using a complex extrusion process producible. Due to the entire scope of the system applied solder layer ensures the required tightness of the chambers. By cold-pulling the previously inserted tubes, they become sound-proof pulled together. It should be noted that the two are pressed together Surfaces are as bright as possible metallic and there are no disturbing foreign particles in between. This is achieved by pushing before one another both the outer and inner tubes are bare in a reducing atmosphere be annealed. In addition, you can use this heat treatment Pre-degrease to ensure that none may be there are more cracking lubricant residues on the surface. So that Inner tube with the exception of the bulge area on the entire remaining circumference If the system comes into contact, the bulge area must not be too acute. As A minimum opening angle of 60 ° and a radius of curvature have been favorable Curvature of at least 2.5 mm has been demonstrated. Otherwise the spring action of the Bulge area too large despite supporting inner tool, so that a certain area in the transition does not come to the plant.

Wie schon zuvor erwähnt, wird zur Aufrechterhaltung der Dichtheit der Kammern vorgeschlagen, die Innenoberfläche des Außenrohres und die Außenoberfläche des Innenrohres mit einer dazwischenliegenden Lötschicht zu versehen. Beispielsweise wird dazu die Mantelfläche des Innenrohres vor dem Ineinanderschieben galvanisch verkupfert. Alternativ ist es auch möglich eine Lötpaste aufzutragen oder das Innenrohr in eine Lötfolie einzuwickeln oder die blanke Oberfläche mit einem Lötpulver zu bestreuen. Die letztgenannte Art der Aufbringung kann noch unterstützt werden durch eine elektrostatische Aufladung. Das eigentliche Löten erfolgt dann durch eine Glühung nach dem Kaltziehen. Diese Glühung kann eine Wärmebehandlung sein, die nach dem Kaltziehen erforderlich wäre oder eine Glühung im Zuge der Induktivhärtung. Zusätzlich oder alternativ kann auch der Spalt im Übergang zwischen gewölbtem Bereich des Innenrohres und anschmiegenden Bereich des Außenrohres mit einem Lot gefüllt werden. Dazu wird in die durch das Innenrohr gebildete kleinere Kammer ein Lötdraht beispielsweise aus Kupfer eingelegt und das Rohr dann geglüht.. Die für das Glühen erforderliche hohe Temperatur im Bereich von 1100° C bei Verwendung eines Hartlotes aus Cu kann je nach Stahlgüte zu einer Grobkornbildung führen. Um diese weitgehend zu eliminieren, wird außerdem vorgeschlagen, nach dem Löten eine Normalisierungsglühung durchzuführen. Alternativ ist es auch möglich, ein Silberlot mit einem niedrigeren Schmelzpunkt zu verwenden, so daß die Glühung zum Löten einer üblichen Abschlußwärmebehandlung bei etwa 950° entspricht ohne Gefahr einer Grobkornbildung. Die höheren Kosten für das Silberlot werden dabei durch den Wegfall einer weiteren Wärmebehandlung ausgeglichen. Zu beachten dabei ist, daß bei Verwendung eines Silberlotes in vielen Fällen ein Flußmittel erforderlich ist, was je nach Anwendungsfall der hohlen Achse oft nicht erwünscht ist, da die Rückstände des Flußmittels zu unerwünschten chemischen Reaktionen führen können.As previously mentioned, the chamber is maintained tight proposed the inner surface of the outer tube and the outer surface of the To provide inner tube with an intermediate solder layer. For example For this purpose, the outer surface of the inner tube is galvanized before being pushed into one another copper plated. Alternatively, it is also possible to apply a solder paste or that Wrap the inner tube in a solder foil or the bare surface with a solder powder to sprinkle. The latter type of application can still be supported through an electrostatic charge. The actual soldering is then done by a Annealing after cold drawing. This annealing can be a heat treatment that after the cold drawing would be necessary or an annealing in the course of the Induction hardening. Additionally or alternatively, the gap in the transition between curved area of the inner tube and conforming area of the outer tube to be filled with a solder. For this purpose, the smaller one formed by the inner tube Chamber inserted a solder wire made of copper, for example, and the tube was then annealed. The high temperature required for annealing in the range of 1100 ° C Using a hard solder made of Cu can lead to coarse grain formation depending on the steel grade to lead. In order to largely eliminate these, it is also proposed that after the Solder to perform normalization annealing. Alternatively, it is also possible to use a Use silver solder with a lower melting point, so that the annealing to Soldering a conventional final heat treatment at about 950 ° corresponds without danger a coarse grain formation. The higher costs for the silver solder are covered by the Compensation for further heat treatment eliminated. It should be noted that when using a silver solder a flux is required in many cases, which ever after the application of the hollow axis is often not desirable because the residues of the Flux can lead to undesirable chemical reactions.

Nachfolgend wird anhand eines Beispieles die Herstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen hohlen Achse näher erläutert. Bei diesem Beispiel soll die hohle Achse einen Außendurchmesser von 24 mm und eine Wanddicke von 5,0 mm aufweisen.The following is the production of an inventive according to an example hollow axis explained in more detail. In this example, the hollow axis should be one Have an outside diameter of 24 mm and a wall thickness of 5.0 mm.

Ausgehend von einem kaltgefertigten Außenrohr mit der Abmessung 26,1 mm äußerer Durchmesser (Da A) und 3,8 mm Wand aus einem Vergütungsstahl z. B. Ck 45 wird dieses einem normalisierenden Glühen in reduzierender Atmosphäre unterworfen. Parallel dazu wird beispielsweise aus einem Baustahl St. 35 ein profiliertes Innenrohr durch Kaltziehen mit der Abmessung 17,5 mm äußerer Durchmesser (Da I) und 1,7 mm Wand hergestellt. Auch dieses Innenrohr wird einer Wärmebehandlung in reduzierender Atmosphäre unterworfen. Vor dem Ineinanderschieben wird die Außenoberfläche des Innenrohres galvanisch verkupfert. Danach wird das Innenrohr in das Außenrohr eingeschoben und eine Ziehangel angeschmiedet. Damit die zuvor angeformte Wölbung des Innenrohres sich beginnend am Übergang möglichst ohne Unterbrechungen am Außenrohr anlegt, wird zur Abstützung beim Kaltziehen ein entsprechend ausgebildetes Innenwerkzeug verwendet. Für die Innenschmierung wird eine bestimmte Schmiermittelmenge als Depot in das Innenrohr eingegeben, während für die Außenschmierung eine Umlaufschmierung zur Anwendung kommt. Nach dem Kaltziehen weist die so gebildete hohle Achse einen Außendurchmesser von 24 mm auf bei einer Gesamtwanddicke von 5 mm. Damit die beiden klangfest aufeinander gezogenen Rohre auch stoffschlüssig verbunden sind, wird die hohle Achse zum Löten einer Glühung bei 1100° C unterworfen. Zusätzlich kann dazu in die durch die Wölbung gebildete Kammer ein Lötdraht eingelegt werden, um sicherzustellen, daß auch der Zwickelbereich im Übergang Wölbung-kreisrundes Innenrohr mit Löt gefüllt ist. Falls erforderlich wird zur Eliminierung des möglicherweise sich gebildeten Grobkornes eine abschließende Normalisierungsbehandlung durchgeführt.Starting from a cold-made outer tube with the dimension 26.1 mm outer Diameter (Da A) and 3.8 mm wall made of a tempering steel z. B. Ck 45 this is subjected to a normalizing glow in a reducing atmosphere. At the same time, for example, a St. 35 structural steel becomes a profiled inner tube by cold drawing with the dimension 17.5 mm outer diameter (Da I) and 1.7 mm wall made. This inner tube also undergoes heat treatment subject to a reducing atmosphere. Before pushing one into the other The outer surface of the inner tube is galvanically copper-plated. Then the inner tube is in inserted the outer tube and forged a drawbar. So that before molded curvature of the inner tube starting at the transition if possible without If there are interruptions on the outer tube, it is used as a support during cold drawing appropriately trained inner tool used. For internal lubrication a certain amount of lubricant entered into the inner tube as a depot while circulating lubrication is used for external lubrication. After this Cold drawing the hollow axis thus formed has an outer diameter of 24 mm with a total wall thickness of 5 mm. So that the two sound each other drawn tubes are also cohesively connected, the hollow axis is used for soldering subjected to annealing at 1100 ° C. In addition, this can be done through the Chamber formed chamber a solder wire to be inserted to ensure that the gusset area in the transition between the curved and circular inner tube is filled with solder is. If necessary, to eliminate what may have formed Coarse grain a final normalization treatment is carried out.

In der Zeichnung ist im Querschnitt ein Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellt.In the drawing, an embodiment is shown in cross section.

Fig. 1 zeigt im Querschnitt in Anlehnung an das zuvor erläuterte Herstellungsbeispiel im Fertigzustand eine hohle Achse mit einem Außenrohr 1, z. B. aus einem Vergütungsstahl Ck45 und ein profiliertes Innenrohr 2, z. B. aus St35. Beide rohrförmige Körper wurden wie zuvor beschrieben klangfest kalt aufeinander gezogen. Das profilierte Innenrohr 2 bildet zusammen mit dem Außenrohr 1 zwei Kammern 3,4, wobei die kleinere Kammer 4 im Querschnitt begrenzt wird durch einen inneren Umfangsbereich des Außenrohres 1 und einen äußeren Umfangsbereich der nach innen sich erstreckenden Wölbung 5 des Innenrohres 2. Der Wölbungsbereich 5 geht abgerundet in den kreisförmigen Bereich 6 des Innenrohres 3 über. Im Idealfall kommt dieser kreisförmige Bereich 6 voll an der Innenseite des Außenrohres 1 zur Anlage. Der Grad der Anlage wird stark beeinfluß durch die Art der Auswölbung 5. Diese darf nicht zu spitzwinklig und nicht zu klein abgerundet sein. Als günstiger Wert hat sich ein Öffnungswinkel 7 von mindestens 60° und ein Krümmungsradius R1 in der Wölbung von mindestens 2,5 mm herausgestellt. Der Abrundungsradius R2 im Wölbungsübergang sollte nicht kleiner als 0,5 mm sein. Anderenfalls besteht die Gefahr, daß durch die Federung des Wölbungsbereiches 5 der Übergangsbereich 8 nicht zur Anlage kommt. Im Anwendungsfall als Kipphebelachse zur Steuerung von Gaswechselventilen werden die Kammern 3,4 an verschiedenen Stellen angebohrt. Dies erfordert eine möglichst lückenlose Abdichtung zwischen den Kammern 3,4.Fig. 1 shows in cross section based on the previously described manufacturing example in the finished state a hollow axis with an outer tube 1, z. B. from a tempering steel Ck45 and a profiled inner tube 2, z. B. from St35. Both tubular bodies were pulled together coldly as described above. The profiled inner tube 2 forms two chambers 3, 4 together with the outer tube 1, the smaller chamber 4 being limited in cross section by an inner peripheral region of the outer tube 1 and an outer peripheral region of the inwardly extending curvature 5 of the inner tube 2 merges rounded into the circular area 6 of the inner tube 3. Ideally, this circular area 6 comes fully to bear on the inside of the outer tube 1. The degree of the system is strongly influenced by the type of bulge 5. This must not be rounded at an acute angle and not too small. An opening angle 7 of at least 60 ° and a radius of curvature R 1 in the curvature of at least 2.5 mm have been found to be a favorable value. The radius of curvature R 2 in the curve transition should not be less than 0.5 mm. Otherwise there is a risk that the transition area 8 will not come into contact with the suspension of the arch area 5. In the application case as a rocker arm axis for controlling gas exchange valves, the chambers 3, 4 are drilled at various points. This requires a seal that is as complete as possible between the chambers 3, 4.

Die vorgeschlagene stoffschlüssige Verbindung zwischen Innen 2- und Außenrohr 1 hat den Vorteil, daß bei der Berechnung der Tragfähigkeit der hohlen Achse die Gesamtwand, d. h. Wand Außenrohr 1 plus Wand Innenrohr 2 berücksichtigt werden können. Dies ermöglicht eine Reduzierung der Wanddicke des Außenrohres 1 und führt zu einer entsprechenden Gewichtseinsparung. Der ansonsten im Stand der Technik vorgesehene Steg zur Erhöhung der Steifigkeit kann damit entfallen.The proposed integral connection between inner tube 2 and outer tube 1 has the advantage that when calculating the load capacity of the hollow axis Total wall, d. H. Wall outer tube 1 plus wall inner tube 2 must be taken into account can. This enables a reduction in the wall thickness of the outer tube 1 and leads to a corresponding weight saving. Otherwise in the state of the Technically provided web to increase the rigidity can thus be omitted.

Claims (2)

  1. A method of producing a hollow shaft, which serves in particular in the swivellable mounting of valve actuating levers for controlling gas exchange vales in an internal combustion engine, consisting of an outer tube (1) in the inside of which there is fixed a tube member for forming two fluid-conveying chambers (3, 4), the tube member constructed as a shaped inner tube (2) being provided, prior to insertion into the outer tube (1), with an area (4) curved inwards when viewed in cross section, which area (4) is rounded off and merges steplessly with the circular area,
    characterised in that
    the outer tube (1) and the shaped inner tube (2) provided by cold-drawing or cold-rolling are drawn together by cold-drawing after the provision of a drawing point and the outer tube (1) and the inner tube (2) are subjected to heat treatment with a reducing atmosphere prior to insertion and a solder wire is inserted into the smaller chamber (4) formed by means of the shaped inner tube (2) after cold-drawing and prior to the final annealing and the entire hollow shaft is subjected to stress-relieving annealing, the final annealing causing the solder wire to melt.
  2. A method according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the profile of the inner tube is supported by an internal tool during cold-drawing.
EP95925736A 1994-08-08 1995-07-19 Method of manufacturing a hollow spindle Expired - Lifetime EP0775027B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4428875A DE4428875C2 (en) 1994-08-08 1994-08-08 Hollow axis manufacturing method
DE4428875 1994-08-08
PCT/DE1995/000986 WO1996005004A1 (en) 1994-08-08 1995-07-19 Method of manufacturing a hollow spindle

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0775027A1 EP0775027A1 (en) 1997-05-28
EP0775027B1 true EP0775027B1 (en) 1999-04-14

Family

ID=6525716

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95925736A Expired - Lifetime EP0775027B1 (en) 1994-08-08 1995-07-19 Method of manufacturing a hollow spindle

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5881946A (en)
EP (1) EP0775027B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3694026B2 (en)
DE (2) DE4428875C2 (en)
WO (1) WO1996005004A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19702087A1 (en) * 1997-01-22 1998-07-23 Grohe Kg Hans Process for producing a hollow body and hollow body
DE19934405B4 (en) * 1999-07-22 2005-10-20 Daimler Chrysler Ag Hollow shaft with internal channels, in particular oil channels
EP3389886B1 (en) * 2015-12-18 2021-06-23 Sandvik Materials Technology Deutschland GmbH A method for manufacturing a tube of metal
EP3541543B1 (en) * 2016-11-16 2021-01-06 Sandvik Intellectual Property AB Method for manufacturing a system
GB2618552A (en) * 2022-05-10 2023-11-15 Cummins Inc Composite rocker shaft with integrated oil galleries

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US2007597A (en) * 1933-11-16 1935-07-09 George H Dean Built-up column and method of making the same
US3101531A (en) * 1961-01-09 1963-08-27 Western Gear Corp Method of applying internal metallic linings to tubes and the like
US3394445A (en) * 1965-03-11 1968-07-30 Olin Mathieson Method of making a composite porous metal structure
GB1233574A (en) * 1968-08-23 1971-05-26
DE2645953C3 (en) * 1976-10-12 1981-04-30 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Method for producing a soldered connection
DE2919615A1 (en) * 1979-05-16 1980-12-04 Walter Hunger Multiwalled tubes mfr. by cold drawing - using die to reduce outside dia., or mandrel to expand bore
DE8022927U1 (en) * 1980-08-28 1982-02-11 Interatom Internationale Atomreaktorbau Gmbh, 5060 Bergisch Gladbach PIPE FORM
DE3047736A1 (en) * 1980-12-18 1982-07-15 Klein, Schanzlin & Becker Ag, 6710 Frankenthal Spiral tube double walled heat exchanger - has fixed or loose joint between walls over entire length
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DE3738813A1 (en) * 1987-11-16 1989-05-24 Cordell Steve METHOD FOR PRODUCING PIPES WITH ARMORING
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DE4118929A1 (en) * 1991-06-08 1991-10-24 Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen Shaft with tube and axial ducts - has windows in tube leading from ducts
DE4221708C2 (en) * 1992-07-02 1996-04-11 Daimler Benz Ag Axle for mounting valve actuation levers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1996005004A1 (en) 1996-02-22
DE4428875C2 (en) 1996-10-24
JPH10503714A (en) 1998-04-07
US5881946A (en) 1999-03-16
DE59505664D1 (en) 1999-05-20
DE4428875A1 (en) 1996-02-15
EP0775027A1 (en) 1997-05-28
JP3694026B2 (en) 2005-09-14

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