EP0774642B1 - Dispersing or applicating process of an active material, composition and projectile manufactured according to such a process - Google Patents

Dispersing or applicating process of an active material, composition and projectile manufactured according to such a process Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0774642B1
EP0774642B1 EP19960402458 EP96402458A EP0774642B1 EP 0774642 B1 EP0774642 B1 EP 0774642B1 EP 19960402458 EP19960402458 EP 19960402458 EP 96402458 A EP96402458 A EP 96402458A EP 0774642 B1 EP0774642 B1 EP 0774642B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mass
composition
projectile
powder
ultra
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP19960402458
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0774642A1 (en
Inventor
Claude Boutet
Nicolas Tissot
Jean-Pierre Montgrenier
Jean-Luc Brunet
Thierry Jacobs
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Giat Industries SA
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Giat Industries SA
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Priority claimed from FR9513635A external-priority patent/FR2741434B1/en
Priority claimed from FR9513634A external-priority patent/FR2741435B1/en
Application filed by Giat Industries SA filed Critical Giat Industries SA
Publication of EP0774642A1 publication Critical patent/EP0774642A1/en
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Publication of EP0774642B1 publication Critical patent/EP0774642B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
    • F42B5/145—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile for dispensing gases, vapours, powders, particles or chemically-reactive substances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H9/00—Equipment for attack or defence by spreading flame, gas or smoke or leurres; Chemical warfare equipment

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of processes for applying or dispersing a material active.
  • Active material will be understood to mean a filling material a certain function when it is applied to a target or dispersed over an area of land.
  • active materials are used either as a powder or as a liquid.
  • Liquids are generally dispersed using a gas under pressure, which requires the implementation of security and sealing for storage.
  • compositions in liquid form also sealing problems.
  • the active material is a mixed powder to a carrier liquid
  • there is a risk of settling of the powder which affects the effectiveness of the dispersion.
  • the patent FR2669625 thus describes a device for dispersion of infra-red masking material red, device in which the masking material is a brass powder mixed with a carrier liquid which is gas oil.
  • This dispersing device includes an agitator to homogenize the mixture of brass and gas oil before dispersion by a flow of hot air.
  • Patent GB1264427 describes a priming composition of which the flow characteristics are improved which facilitates its introduction into a plate with holes allowing its fractionation before loading in primers.
  • This composition includes a primary explosive which is not intended to be dispersed over an area of land nor applied to a surface.
  • Patent FR2601945 describes an incendiary gel intended for fill the bombs. This gel is obtained by mixing directly inside the bomb shell an officer thickener such as silicon dioxide with a hydrocarbon.
  • Patent US4187129 proposes a gelled propellant for missiles or rockets that associate a hydrazine compound with a metallic powder. Such a combination allows avoid sloshing of the propellant charge in the projectile tank.
  • the patent US3964393 describes an igniter for a pyrotechnic decoy cartridge.
  • the cartridge includes a ejection charge which pushes a piston and ignites a initiation composition. There is no question there either to disperse a material over an area of land or to apply it on a surface.
  • WO91 / 07635 also describes a projectile allowing the ejection of a pyrotechnic charge.
  • Patent FR2706202 proposes an infrared decoy ammunition which ejects two pyrotechnic liquids which mix and then ignite so as to produce an infrared emission.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible in particular to ensure the homogeneity of the composition during phases of extended storage. This ensures better spatial distribution of the active material during the dispersion.
  • the method according to the invention also facilitates the setting implementation of the dispersion since it eliminates all risk agglomeration of the active material and eliminates the problems sealing.
  • the subject of the invention is also a composition dispersible comprising an active material.
  • This composition does not have the disadvantages of known compositions in which the active material is used either under blocks of dry powder either in liquid form (or powder suspension in a liquid).
  • the invention finally relates to a projectile allowing the implementation of the method according to the invention.
  • the projectile according to the invention is of simple design, inexpensive and particularly well suited to small calibers (projectile diameter less than 75mm).
  • the projectile according to the invention also makes it possible to easily master the moment of dispersion of the composition on trajectory as well as its distribution area.
  • the subject of the invention is therefore a method of dispersing on an area of land, or of application on an object, of a active material incorporated in an auxiliary substance of so as to produce a composition, characterized in that the auxiliary substance is a thixothropic gel and in that one submit at the time of dispersal or application this composition under mechanical stress in order to modify its viscosity and cause dispersion or application, stress obtained by the increase in pressure due to the initiation of a pyrotechnic composition, or by the displacement of a piston or as a result of displacement by inertia of the composition.
  • the subject of the invention is also a composition dispersible over an area of land or applicable over a object and comprising at least one active material incorporated in an auxiliary substance, characterized in that the substance auxiliary is a thixotropic gel and in that the material active is a metallic powder or a carbon powder or carbon fibers, or an incapacitating material or a dye.
  • the gel may be composed of ultra dispersed silica mixed with water, alcohol, glycerol or silicone oil.
  • the material active can be a metallic powder
  • the particle size may be between 1 micron and 15 microns.
  • a composition according to the invention can be made up of 3% to 10% by mass of ultra silica powder dispersed, 80% to 90% by mass of water and 1% to 2% by mass of brass powder.
  • composition according to the invention may be made up of 3% to 10% by mass of ultra silica powder dispersed, 80% to 90% by mass of alcohol and 1% to 2% by mass of brass powder.
  • composition according to the invention may be consisting of: 3% to 10% by mass of ultra silica powder dispersed, 80% to 90% by mass of silicone oil and 1% to 2% by mass of brass powder.
  • a composition according to the invention may also be made up of 3% to 10% by mass of ultra silica powder dispersed, 80% to 90% by mass of water, 1% to 2% by mass of powder or carbon fiber.
  • composition according to the invention may be made up of 3% to 10% by mass of ultra silica powder dispersed, 80% to 90% by mass of alcohol and 1% to 2% by mass of powder or carbon fiber.
  • composition according to the invention may be made up of 3% to 10% by mass of ultra silica powder dispersed, 80% to 90% by mass of silicone oil and 1% to 2% by powder or carbon fiber mass.
  • the material active may be an incapacitating material which may be pepper or chili powder.
  • composition according to the invention can be made up of 3% to 10% by mass of ultra silica powder dispersed, 80% to 90% by mass of silicone oil and 1% to 2% by mass of powdered pepper.
  • the incapacitating material may be a composition tear gas.
  • a composition according to the invention can be made up of 3% to 10% by mass of ultra silica powder dispersed, 80% to 90% by mass of isopropyl alcohol and 1% to 2% by mass of tear gas composition.
  • the composition according to the invention may consist of 3% to 10% by mass of ultra dispersed silica powder, 80% to 90% by mass of water and 1% to 2% by mass of dye.
  • the invention also relates to a projectile using such a dispersion method.
  • This projectile includes a composition arranged inside a envelope and constituted by at least one active material incorporated in a thixotropic gel, projectile comprising also means of dispersion triggered at an instant given on trajectory and which cause a movement of the composition in relation to the envelope so as to subject this composition to a mechanical stress of so as to ensure its liquefaction and ejection out of the envelope.
  • the means of dispersion may cause movement of the composition with a speed having the same direction as the speed of the projectile or with a speed having a direction opposite to that of the speed of the projectile.
  • the means of dispersion may include a gas-generating pyrotechnic composition.
  • the dispersing means may include a piston disposed between the gas-generating pyrotechnic composition and the composition to be dispersed.
  • the dispersing means may also include braking means ensuring a sudden deceleration of the projectile on trajectory, the composition then being driven by inertia out of the envelope.
  • This particular embodiment ensures a distribution of the composition in front of the projectile while reducing the risk of the projectile body impacting target.
  • the braking means may include a pyrotechnic composition generating gas ejecting gases out of the envelope in a direction substantially the same as that of the speed of the projectile.
  • the braking means will include a wire fixed at a rear part of the envelope and connected to a fixed launch system.
  • the means of dispersal may in any case have a piston sliding by inertia in the casing so as to come and train the composition to disperse.
  • a peripheral part of the piston can cooperate with the envelope by a helical connection in such a way that the translation of the piston causes also its rotation relative to the envelope.
  • the envelope will advantageously be closed by a grid at level of one of its ends on which is pushed the composition.
  • ammunition 1 is shown schematically; it has an envelope 2 substantially cylindrical, integral with a bottom partition 2a.
  • Ammunition 1 is intended to be launched by a non-weapon represented, for example by an integral launching tube of a vehicle to be protected (patent FR2612287 describes such a launch tube).
  • the envelope is closed by a plug 3 which is returned united for example by bonding or welding.
  • the envelope 2 will advantageously be produced from a single room with partition 2a and in plastic, for example of polyethylene or polypropylene.
  • the plug 3 carries a case 6a containing a composition pyrotechnic gas generator 6 of known type as well as initiation means 8a thereof (not shown in detail).
  • the gas-generating pyrotechnic composition will be preferably a composition providing a large volume of gas with limited rise in temperature, for example a composition based on sodium azide.
  • compositions are used in the field of the automobile to ensure the inflation of the cushions security.
  • KNO3 Boron and potassium nitrate
  • KClO4 Nitrocellulose and Potassium Chlorate
  • the means of initiation include a primer and an initiation device of it at the end of a certain time interval after launching the ammunition.
  • a primer and an initiation device of it at the end of a certain time interval after launching the ammunition.
  • Envelope 2 contains a composition 5 which includes a active material incorporated in a thixotropic gel.
  • Composition 5 can be separated from the gas generator 6 by a layer of compressible material 22, such as a polyurethane foam.
  • the compressible material 22 is intended to ensure possibly a backlash during assembly of the ammunition and absorb any expansions of the composition 5 caused by temperature variations.
  • a thixotropic gel is a gel which is normally found in a frozen state, but which becomes liquid when subjected to mechanical stress of a certain level.
  • Such gels are known in the field for example of the food industry.
  • the invention proposes to use them as a support for a active material.
  • the gas-generating pyrotechnic composition 6 After firing, and at the end of a time interval (defined for example by programming an electronic delay), the gas-generating pyrotechnic composition 6 is initiated.
  • the gases cause a sharp increase in pressure at inside the envelope 2. This increase in pressure has for effect, on the one hand to liquefy the thixotropic gel 5, and on the other hand to burst the envelope 2 (which may advantageously be endowed with ruptures 23 annular and / or longitudinal).
  • the frozen state also eliminates sealing problems when designing the ammunition.
  • Means for applying mechanical stress will also be defined according to the dimensions of the cloud desired dispersion and the volume of composition used artwork. Those skilled in the art will readily define energy required through testing.
  • the envelope will be dimensioned so as to ensure sufficient initial containment and define the fracture primers depending on the desired distribution for the active material.
  • a piston between the composition pyrotechnic gas generator and thixotropic gel and provide the partition 2a with perforations closed by a film slim.
  • the thixotropic gel can be composed of ultra silica dispersed and water.
  • ultra dispersed silica is meant a silica whose particle size is very small (of the order of a hundredth of micron).
  • This silica is incorporated into water in the following proportions: 3% to 7% by mass of water for 97 to 93% by mass of silica.
  • the proportions will be defined according to the viscosity desired for the gel, viscosity which will depend on the nature of the active material incorporated into the gel.
  • Silica is particularly advantageous because it is very inexpensive and very chemically inert, which allows to add active materials to such a gel without difficulty of various compositions.
  • an antifreeze agent can be mixed with water, like an alcohol.
  • This variant avoids the oxidation of the material active by frost.
  • the following proportions will preferably be chosen: 3% to 7% by mass of silicone oil for 97 to 93% by mass of silica.
  • Thixotropic gel is the support for a active material that one seeks to disperse.
  • a active material providing an infrared masking function red or millimeter wave.
  • coated brass powder will advantageously be used silica which is described by patent FR2669625.
  • composition obtained may possibly be passed over to grinder to ensure its homogenization.
  • the carbon grains are coated with silica particles which prohibits their agglomeration and improves the masking performance.
  • a decoy material for example aluminized glass fibers 1 to 4 mm thick long or carbon fibers 1 to 4 mm long.
  • an incapacitating active material into the thixotropic gel.
  • incapacitating material is meant a material capable of put a person out of action without inflicting severe damage. For example, we fall into this category tear, soporific or provoking materials nausea.
  • thixotropic gel with components not toxic (e.g. isopropyl alcohol or oil silicone).
  • composition in which the active material is in a liquid form.
  • composition tear gas such as CS (Ortho-Chlorobenzylidènemalonitrile).
  • the tear gas composition used may be only partially soluble in alcohol.
  • a dye may be chosen as the active material.
  • the dye will preferably be a dye soluble in the liquid phase used (water, alcohol or silicone oil), but it could also be in suspension.
  • Such a variant makes it possible to ensure the marking of a objective in order to facilitate its later recognition. Through example the marking of suspects in the operations of maintenance of order or the marking of vehicles or targets to facilitate their subsequent attack by a ammunition.
  • composition and color of the dye will be fine heard chosen according to the desired effects (character indelible, fluorescent ).
  • composition comprising a thixotropic gel in individual spray equipment or remote-controlled, for example a cylinder drilled at a end and fitted with a piston at the other end maneuverable by the user.
  • the gel can then be sprayed in one direction privileged which is the axis of the cylinder.
  • the spray piston can be used for dispersing of a particular thixotropic gel in which is incorporated an active material for the treatment of plants (pesticide, fungicide, insecticide ).
  • the invention then makes it possible to ensure a dispersion homogeneous without requiring the use of propellants harmful to the environment.
  • the disperser used does not drip which facilitates use.
  • a similar piston could be used with a gel carrying a dye to facilitate the marking of animals, trees or roads (during operations public works).
  • Such a pen will have a porous or tubular lead in support like a piston on the gel.
  • the mine is pressed on a surface by the user. She exercises then a constraint on the coloring gel which liquefies it and allows it to flow out of the pen.
  • Such a pen can write on any surface and with any orientation.
  • FIG. 2 represents another embodiment of a projectile according to the invention.
  • This projectile 1 comprises a cylindrical casing 2 which is closed at one end by a bottom 3 and at the other end by a grid 4.
  • the envelope 2 is made for example of material resistant plastic like polyamide. It contains a composition 5 which is a thixotropic gel of the type of those described previously.
  • Thixotropic gel incorporates an active material whose nature will depend on the goal.
  • an incapacitating material for example pepper powder or chili or tear gas.
  • the piston 7 is slidably mounted in the casing 2. It carries at its periphery an O-ring seal 9.
  • the other end of the envelope 2 is closed by a grid 4, fixed to the envelope by gluing or crimping, and whose mesh dimensions will be chosen according to the viscosity (static and dynamic) of the composition to dispersing and dimensions of the active material incorporated in the gel.
  • a split elastic ring 11 is placed in a annular groove of the envelope 2. This ring allows to prevent ejection of the piston 7 from the envelope 2 during the operation of the projectile.
  • the initiation means 8 are programmed in introducing the delay at the end of which the dispersion must be performed.
  • the pyrotechnic composition gas generator 6 is initiated.
  • the gases cause a strong increase in pressure inside the envelope 2.
  • the pressure is exerted on the piston 7 which pushes the gel 5 against the grid 4.
  • the pressure has the effect of liquefying the thixotropic gel 5.
  • it is a liquid material which is pushed to the across the grid 4 and which disperses in the form of fines droplets carrying the active material.
  • Paper 10 is torn by pressure.
  • the piston is retained by the ring 11 and does not come out of envelope 2. In the case of a maintenance type use order, so there is no risk of them hurting target people
  • piston 7 As a variant it would be possible not to provide piston 7, the gas pressure generally sufficient to expel the gel.
  • the piston has the advantage of isolating the gel to disperse propellants, which prevents its heating or its degradation.
  • the projectile shown in Figure 1 can be fired in two different directions.
  • composition is ejected out of the envelope with a speed having the same direction as the speed of the projectile.
  • the gel ejection speed 5 is then the resulting from the speed of the projectile and that of communicated by the pyrotechnic composition generating gas 6.
  • Such an embodiment makes it possible to disperse more largely the composition.
  • Projectile 1 can instead be fired with a reverse orientation and then be driven by a speed V2 such that grid 4 is behind on its path.
  • the composition is ejected out of the envelope with a speed having a direction opposite to that of the speed of the projectile.
  • FIG. 3 represents a projectile according to a third embodiment.
  • the projectile includes a base 12 which has the shape of a housing delimiting a housing internal which contains a propellant charge 13.
  • the housing is closed by a screwed cover 14 which carries means initiation 8 of the propellant charge.
  • the propellant charge 13 constitutes a means of braking the projectile 1 on its trajectory.
  • the initiation means 8 will include an electronic time rocket programmable.
  • the propellant charge 13 may be a composition pyrotechnic gas generator of the type described previously.
  • propellant powder based nitrocellulose we can also choose a propellant powder based nitrocellulose or a propellant block.
  • the internal housing of the housing 12 communicates with the exterior of the projectile 1 by channels 15, inclined by relative to the axis 16 of the projectile 15.
  • This projectile is intended to be fired with a orientation such that the housing is located behind on the path.
  • the projectile is then animated with a speed V1 whose orientation is given in Figure 2.
  • Channels 15 are regularly distributed angularly and are oriented towards the front of the projectile.
  • the envelope 2 of the projectile is glued to the base 12. It is closed at its front part by a grid 4 closed by a sheet 10.
  • Envelope 2 contains a thixotropic gel 5.
  • a piston 7 is disposed in abutment against the housing 12, it carries on its peripheral edge a seal 9.
  • the projectile is animated on the trajectory of a certain speed V1.
  • the propellant charge 13 is initiated.
  • the propellant charge will be dimensioned so as to ensure brutal braking (deceleration of the order of 2000 to 17000 m / s 2 ).
  • the piston liquefies the thixotropic gel 5 and causes its ejection out of the envelope through the grid 4 which ensures the nebulization of the material 5.
  • piston 7 it is possible, as a variant, not to provide for piston 7.
  • the only inertia of the gel 5, applied suddenly against grid 4 during deceleration of the projectile, will suffice to liquefy it and disperse it across the grid 4.
  • patent FR2704054 the whole description of which is included here by reference, and which describes in detail a device for aerodynamic projectile braking by airbag.
  • braking means for example aerodynamic braking by fins, folded on trajectory along the envelope of the projectile and whose deployment is controlled by the initiation means 8.
  • FIG. 4 represents a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the projectile 1 comprises an envelope 2, produced by example by molding of polyamide, and which has a bottom 2a.
  • the envelope is closed at its end by a grid 4 covered with sealing sheet 10.
  • It contains a thixotropic gel 5 incorporating a material active.
  • the bottom 2a of the envelope carries an axial extension 18 on which is fixed a wire 19.
  • the other end of the wire 19 is connected to a fixed launch system 20.
  • the wire constitutes here the means of braking of the projectile on trajectory.
  • the launch system 20 shown here is a tube placed on the ground. It could also consist of a portable weapon held by a shooter.
  • the length of wire 19 is determined according to the distance at which one wishes to achieve the dispersion.
  • the wire 19 tightens and causes a sudden braking of the projectile.
  • This embodiment is particularly inexpensive in due to the low number of parts used and the absence of electronic rocket.
  • Figure 5 is a variant of the previous one in which a piston 7 is provided inside the envelope 2.
  • a piston 7 is provided inside the envelope 2.
  • the inertia of the piston comes push the gel against the grid.
  • This variant is preferred when the inertia of the gel is insufficient to ensure its complete dispersion during braking. It is possible, by playing on the mass of the piston, to modulate the speed of ejection of the material therefore the spatial characteristics of the dispersion.
  • Figures 6a and 6b show an alternative embodiment in which the internal surface of the envelope 2 carries three helical ramps 21a, 21b and 21c offset by 120 ° each others.

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Description

Le domaine technique de l'invention est celui des procédés permettant d'appliquer ou de disperser un matériau actif.The technical field of the invention is that of processes for applying or dispersing a material active.

On entendra par matériau actif, un matériau remplissant une certaine fonction lorsqu'il se trouve appliqué sur une cible ou bien dispersé sur une zone de terrain.Active material will be understood to mean a filling material a certain function when it is applied to a target or dispersed over an area of land.

A titre indicatif, on pourra ainsi considérer la fonction de masquage d'un objectif pour le protéger vis à vis d'une agression, par exemple par un projectile guidé.As an indication, we can thus consider the function to hide a lens to protect it from a aggression, for example by a guided projectile.

On pourra également considérer la fonction de leurrage d'une cible, dans laquelle un objectif est protégé par la dispersion à quelque distance d'une substance ayant pour effet d'attirer à elle un projectile guidé.We can also consider the decoy function of a target, in which an objective is protected by the dispersion at some distance from a substance having as effect of attracting a guided projectile to it.

On pourra aussi envisager la fonction incapacitante des personnels, par la dispersion d'une substance aveuglante, lacrymogène ou nauséeuse.We can also consider the incapacitating function of personal, by dispersing a blinding substance, tear or nausea.

On envisagera enfin la fonction de marquage d'une cible, d'un objet ou bien d'une personne au moyen d'un colorant, cela pour permettre une reconnaissance ultérieure.Finally, we will consider the function of marking a target, an object or a person using a dye, this to allow later recognition.

Habituellement les matériaux actifs sont mis en oeuvre soit sous forme de poudre soit sous forme de liquide.Usually active materials are used either as a powder or as a liquid.

Les poudres présentent comme principal inconvénient de s'agglomérer au cours des phases de stockage ce qui gêne leur dispersion et nuit à l'efficacité finale du matériau (en particulier pour les applications de masquage et de leurrage).The main disadvantage of powders is agglomerate during the storage phases which hinders their dispersion and affects the final effectiveness of the material (in especially for masking and deception).

Les liquides sont généralement dispersés au moyen d'un gaz sous pression, ce qui impose la mise en oeuvre de sécurités et d'étanchéités pour le stockage.Liquids are generally dispersed using a gas under pressure, which requires the implementation of security and sealing for storage.

L'emploi de compositions sous forme liquide pose également des problèmes d'étanchéité.The use of compositions in liquid form also sealing problems.

Enfin, lorsque le matériau actif est une poudre mélangée à un liquide vecteur, il y a un risque de décantation de la poudre, ce qui nuit à l'efficacité de la dispersion.Finally, when the active material is a mixed powder to a carrier liquid, there is a risk of settling of the powder, which affects the effectiveness of the dispersion.

On se trouve donc obligé de mélanger poudre et liquide au moyen d'un agitateur avant toute dispersion.We therefore have to mix powder and liquid with by means of an agitator before any dispersion.

Le brevet FR2669625 décrit ainsi un dispositif de dispersion d'un matériau de masquage des rayonnements infra rouges, dispositif dans lequel le matériau de masquage est une poudre de laiton mélangée à un liquide vecteur qui est du gas oil.The patent FR2669625 thus describes a device for dispersion of infra-red masking material red, device in which the masking material is a brass powder mixed with a carrier liquid which is gas oil.

Ce dispositif de dispersion comporte un agitateur permettant d'homogénéiser le mélange de laiton et de gas oil avant la dispersion par un flux d'air chaud.This dispersing device includes an agitator to homogenize the mixture of brass and gas oil before dispersion by a flow of hot air.

Le brevet GB1264427 décrit une composition d'amorçage dont les caractéristiques d'écoulement sont améliorées ce qui permet de faciliter son introduction dans une plaque à trous permettant son fractionnement avant le chargement dans des amorces. Cette composition comporte un explosif primaire qui n'est pas destiné à être dispersé sur une zone de terrain ni appliqué sur une surface.Patent GB1264427 describes a priming composition of which the flow characteristics are improved which facilitates its introduction into a plate with holes allowing its fractionation before loading in primers. This composition includes a primary explosive which is not intended to be dispersed over an area of land nor applied to a surface.

Le brevet FR2601945 décrit un gel incendiaire destiné à remplir les bombes. Ce gel est obtenu en mélangeant directement à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe de la bombe un agent épaississant tel que du dioxyde de silicium avec un hydrocarbure.Patent FR2601945 describes an incendiary gel intended for fill the bombs. This gel is obtained by mixing directly inside the bomb shell an officer thickener such as silicon dioxide with a hydrocarbon.

Le brevet US4187129 propose un propergol gélifié pour missiles ou roquettes qui associe un composé d'hydrazine avec une poudre métallique. Une telle combinaison permet d'éviter le ballottement de la charge propulsive dans le réservoir du projectile.Patent US4187129 proposes a gelled propellant for missiles or rockets that associate a hydrazine compound with a metallic powder. Such a combination allows avoid sloshing of the propellant charge in the projectile tank.

Le brevet US3964393 décrit un inflammateur pour une cartouche leurre pyrotechnique. La cartouche comprend une charge d'éjection qui pousse un piston et allume une composition d'initiation. Il n'est pas question là non plus de disperser un matériau sur une zone de terrain ni de l'appliquer sur une surface.The patent US3964393 describes an igniter for a pyrotechnic decoy cartridge. The cartridge includes a ejection charge which pushes a piston and ignites a initiation composition. There is no question there either to disperse a material over an area of land or to apply it on a surface.

Le brevet WO91/07635 décrit lui aussi un projectile permettant l'éjection d'une charqe pyrotechnique. WO91 / 07635 also describes a projectile allowing the ejection of a pyrotechnic charge.

Le brevet FR2706202 propose une munition leurre infrarouge qui éjecte deux liquides pyrotechniques qui se mélangent puis s'enflamment de façon à réaliser une émission infra rouge.Patent FR2706202 proposes an infrared decoy ammunition which ejects two pyrotechnic liquids which mix and then ignite so as to produce an infrared emission.

C'est le but de l'invention que de proposer un procédé de dispersion d'un matériau actif qui ne présente pas de tels inconvénients.It is the object of the invention to propose a method of dispersion of an active material which does not exhibit such disadvantages.

Le procédé selon l'invention permet notamment d'assurer l'homogénéité de la composition au cours de phases de stockage prolongées. On assure ainsi une meilleure répartition dans l'espace du matériau actif lors de la dispersion.The method according to the invention makes it possible in particular to ensure the homogeneity of the composition during phases of extended storage. This ensures better spatial distribution of the active material during the dispersion.

Le procédé selon l'invention facilite également la mise en oeuvre de la dispersion puisqu'il supprime tout risque d'agglomération du matériau actif et élimine les problèmes d'étanchéité.The method according to the invention also facilitates the setting implementation of the dispersion since it eliminates all risk agglomeration of the active material and eliminates the problems sealing.

L'invention a également pour objet une composition dispersable comportant un matériau actif. Cette composition ne présente pas les inconvénients des compositions connues dans lesquelles le matériau actif est mis en oeuvre soit sous forme de blocs de poudre sèche soit sous la forme liquide (ou de suspension de poudre dans un liquide).The subject of the invention is also a composition dispersible comprising an active material. This composition does not have the disadvantages of known compositions in which the active material is used either under blocks of dry powder either in liquid form (or powder suspension in a liquid).

L'invention a enfin pour objet un projectile permettant la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention.The invention finally relates to a projectile allowing the implementation of the method according to the invention.

Le projectile selon l'invention est de conception simple, peu coûteuse et particulièrement bien adaptée aux petits calibres (diamètre de projectile inférieur à 75mm).The projectile according to the invention is of simple design, inexpensive and particularly well suited to small calibers (projectile diameter less than 75mm).

Le projectile selon l'invention permet également de maítriser aisément l'instant de dispersion de la composition sur trajectoire ainsi que sa zone de répartition.The projectile according to the invention also makes it possible to easily master the moment of dispersion of the composition on trajectory as well as its distribution area.

Ainsi l'invention a pour objet un procédé de dispersion sur une zone de terrain, ou d'application sur un objet, d'un matériau actif incorporé dans une substance auxiliaire de façon à réaliser une composition, caractérisé en ce que la substance auxiliaire est un gel thixothrope et en ce que l'on soumet au moment de la dispersion ou de l'application cette composition à une contrainte mécanique de façon à modifier sa viscosité et à provoquer la dispersion ou l'application, contrainte obtenue par l'accroissement de pression dû à l'initiation d'une composition pyrotechnique, ou bien par le déplacement d'un piston ou bien comme suite au déplacement par inertie de la composition.The subject of the invention is therefore a method of dispersing on an area of land, or of application on an object, of a active material incorporated in an auxiliary substance of so as to produce a composition, characterized in that the auxiliary substance is a thixothropic gel and in that one submit at the time of dispersal or application this composition under mechanical stress in order to modify its viscosity and cause dispersion or application, stress obtained by the increase in pressure due to the initiation of a pyrotechnic composition, or by the displacement of a piston or as a result of displacement by inertia of the composition.

L'invention a également pour objet une composition dispersable sur une zone de terrain ou applicable sur un objet et comportant au moins un matériau actif incorporé dans une substance auxiliaire, caractérisée en ce que la substance auxiliaire est un gel thixotrope et en ce que le matériau actif est une poudre métallique ou une poudre de carbone ou des fibres de carbone, ou un matériau incapacitant ou un colorant.The subject of the invention is also a composition dispersible over an area of land or applicable over a object and comprising at least one active material incorporated in an auxiliary substance, characterized in that the substance auxiliary is a thixotropic gel and in that the material active is a metallic powder or a carbon powder or carbon fibers, or an incapacitating material or a dye.

Suivant différents modes de réalisation, le gel pourra être composé de silice ultra dispersée mélangée à de l'eau, de l'alcool, du glycérol ou bien de l'huile silicone.According to different embodiments, the gel may be composed of ultra dispersed silica mixed with water, alcohol, glycerol or silicone oil.

Suivant un mode particulier de réalisation, le matériau actif pourra être une poudre métallique, dont la granulométrie pourra être comprise entre 1 micron et 15 microns.According to a particular embodiment, the material active can be a metallic powder, the particle size may be between 1 micron and 15 microns.

Ainsi, une composition selon l'invention pourra être constituée par 3% à 10% en masse de poudre de silice ultra dispersée, 80% à 90% en masse d'eau et 1% à 2% en masse de poudre de laiton.Thus, a composition according to the invention can be made up of 3% to 10% by mass of ultra silica powder dispersed, 80% to 90% by mass of water and 1% to 2% by mass of brass powder.

Une autre composition selon l'invention pourra être constituée par 3% à 10% en masse de poudre de silice ultra dispersée, 80% à 90% en masse d'alcool et 1% à 2% en masse de poudre de laiton.Another composition according to the invention may be made up of 3% to 10% by mass of ultra silica powder dispersed, 80% to 90% by mass of alcohol and 1% to 2% by mass of brass powder.

Une autre composition selon l'invention pourra être constituée par : 3% à 10% en masse de poudre de silice ultra dispersée, 80% à 90% en masse d'huile silicone et 1% à 2% en masse de poudre de laiton.Another composition according to the invention may be consisting of: 3% to 10% by mass of ultra silica powder dispersed, 80% to 90% by mass of silicone oil and 1% to 2% by mass of brass powder.

Une composition selon l'invention pourra également être constituée par 3% à 10% en masse de poudre de silice ultra dispersée, 80% à 90% en masse d'eau, 1% à 2% en masse de poudre ou de fibres de carbone.A composition according to the invention may also be made up of 3% to 10% by mass of ultra silica powder dispersed, 80% to 90% by mass of water, 1% to 2% by mass of powder or carbon fiber.

Une autre composition selon l'invention pourra être constituée par 3% à 10% en masse de poudre de silice ultra dispersée, 80% à 90% en masse d'alcool et 1% à 2% en masse de poudre ou de fibres de carbone. Another composition according to the invention may be made up of 3% to 10% by mass of ultra silica powder dispersed, 80% to 90% by mass of alcohol and 1% to 2% by mass of powder or carbon fiber.

Une autre composition selon l'invention pourra être constituée par 3% à 10% en masse de poudre de silice ultra dispersée, 80% à 90% en masse d'huile silicone et 1% à 2% en masse de poudre ou fibres de carbone.Another composition according to the invention may be made up of 3% to 10% by mass of ultra silica powder dispersed, 80% to 90% by mass of silicone oil and 1% to 2% by powder or carbon fiber mass.

Suivant un mode particulier de réalisation, le matériau actif pourra être un matériau incapacitant qui pourra être une poudre de poivre ou de piment.According to a particular embodiment, the material active may be an incapacitating material which may be pepper or chili powder.

Ainsi, une composition selon l'invention pourra être constituée par 3% à 10% en masse de poudre de silice ultra dispersée, 80% à 90% en masse d'huile silicone et 1% à 2% en masse de poivre en poudre.Thus, a composition according to the invention can be made up of 3% to 10% by mass of ultra silica powder dispersed, 80% to 90% by mass of silicone oil and 1% to 2% by mass of powdered pepper.

Le matériau incapacitant pourra être une composition lacrymogène.The incapacitating material may be a composition tear gas.

Ainsi, une composition selon l'invention pourra être constituée par 3% à 10% en masse de poudre de silice ultra dispersée, 80% à 90% en masse d'alcool iso propylique et 1% à 2% en masse de composition lacrymogène.Thus, a composition according to the invention can be made up of 3% to 10% by mass of ultra silica powder dispersed, 80% to 90% by mass of isopropyl alcohol and 1% to 2% by mass of tear gas composition.

Suivant un mode particulier de réalisation, la composition selon l'invention pourra être constituée par 3% à 10% en masse de poudre de silice ultra dispersée, 80% à 90% en masse d'eau et 1% à 2% en masse de colorant.According to a particular embodiment, the composition according to the invention may consist of 3% to 10% by mass of ultra dispersed silica powder, 80% to 90% by mass of water and 1% to 2% by mass of dye.

L'invention a également pour objet un projectile mettant en oeuvre un tel procédé de dispersion. Ce projectile comprend une composition disposée à l'intérieur d'une enveloppe et constituée par au moins un matériau actif incorporé dans un gel thixotrope, projectile comportant également des moyens de dispersion déclenchés à un instant donné sur trajectoire et qui provoquent une mise en mouvement de la composition par rapport à l'enveloppe de façon à soumettre cette composition à une contrainte mécanique de façon à assurer sa liquéfaction et son éjection hors de l'enveloppe.The invention also relates to a projectile using such a dispersion method. This projectile includes a composition arranged inside a envelope and constituted by at least one active material incorporated in a thixotropic gel, projectile comprising also means of dispersion triggered at an instant given on trajectory and which cause a movement of the composition in relation to the envelope so as to subject this composition to a mechanical stress of so as to ensure its liquefaction and ejection out of the envelope.

Les moyens de dispersion pourront provoquer une mise en mouvement de la composition avec une vitesse ayant même sens que la vitesse du projectile ou bien avec une vitesse ayant un sens opposé à celui de la vitesse du projectile.The means of dispersion may cause movement of the composition with a speed having the same direction as the speed of the projectile or with a speed having a direction opposite to that of the speed of the projectile.

Les moyens de dispersion pourront comprendre une composition pyrotechnique génératrice de gaz. The means of dispersion may include a gas-generating pyrotechnic composition.

Les moyens de dispersion pourront comporter un piston disposé entre la composition pyrotechnique génératrice de gaz et la composition à disperser.The dispersing means may include a piston disposed between the gas-generating pyrotechnic composition and the composition to be dispersed.

Les moyens de dispersion pourront également comporter des moyens de freinage assurant une brusque décélération du projectile sur trajectoire, la composition étant alors entraínée par inertie hors de l'enveloppe.The dispersing means may also include braking means ensuring a sudden deceleration of the projectile on trajectory, the composition then being driven by inertia out of the envelope.

Ce mode particulier de réalisation permet d'assurer une répartition de la composition en avant du projectile tout en réduisant les risques de voir le corps de projectile impacter la cible.This particular embodiment ensures a distribution of the composition in front of the projectile while reducing the risk of the projectile body impacting target.

Il est donc particulièrement bien adapté aux applications anti-émeute dans lesquelles on cherche à éviter de blesser les personnes visées avec les débris de projectile.It is therefore particularly well suited to applications anti-riot in which we try to avoid injuring people targeted with projectile debris.

Les moyens de freinage pourront comprendre une composition pyrotechnique génératrice de gaz éjectant les gaz hors de l'enveloppe suivant une direction sensiblement la même que celle de la vitesse du projectile.The braking means may include a pyrotechnic composition generating gas ejecting gases out of the envelope in a direction substantially the same as that of the speed of the projectile.

Avantageusement, les moyens de freinage comprendront un fil fixé au niveau d'une partie arrière de l'enveloppe et relié à un système de lancement fixe.Advantageously, the braking means will include a wire fixed at a rear part of the envelope and connected to a fixed launch system.

Les moyens de dispersion pourront dans tous les cas comporter un piston coulissant par inertie dans l'enveloppe de façon à venir entraíner la composition à disperser.The means of dispersal may in any case have a piston sliding by inertia in the casing so as to come and train the composition to disperse.

Ces deux dernières variantes de l'invention sont très avantageuses, car elles permettent de ne mettre en oeuvre aucune composition pyrotechnique à l'intérieur du projectile.These last two variants of the invention are very advantageous, because they make it possible to implement no pyrotechnic composition inside the projectile.

On accroít ainsi notablement le niveau de sécurité de celui ci.This significantly increases the security level of this one.

Selon une variante, une partie périphérique du piston pourra coopérer avec l'enveloppe par une liaison hélicoïdale d'une façon telle que la translation du piston entraíne également sa mise en rotation par rapport à l'enveloppe.According to a variant, a peripheral part of the piston can cooperate with the envelope by a helical connection in such a way that the translation of the piston causes also its rotation relative to the envelope.

L'enveloppe sera avantageusement fermée par une grille au niveau d'une de ses extrémités sur laquelle est poussé la composition.The envelope will advantageously be closed by a grid at level of one of its ends on which is pushed the composition.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre de modes particuliers de réalisation, description faite en référence aux dessins annexés et dans lesquels:

  • La figure 1 représente en coupe longitudinale un projectile selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • La figure 2 représente en coupe longitudinale un projectile selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • La figure 3 montre un projectile selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • La figure 4 montre un projectile selon un quatrième mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • La figure 5 est une variante d'exécution de ce quatrième mode de réalisation,
  • Les figures 6a et 6b sont des vues partielles d'un mode particulier de réalisation d'un piston utilisé dans un projectile selon l'invention, la figure 6b étant une coupe transversale suivant le plan dont la trace est repérée en AA sur la figure 6a, cette dernière étant un coupe longitudinale suivant le plan repéré en BB sur la figure 6b.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows of particular embodiments, description made with reference to the appended drawings and in which:
  • FIG. 1 represents in longitudinal section a projectile according to a first embodiment of the invention,
  • FIG. 2 represents in longitudinal section a projectile according to a second embodiment of the invention,
  • FIG. 3 shows a projectile according to a third embodiment of the invention,
  • FIG. 4 shows a projectile according to a fourth embodiment of the invention,
  • FIG. 5 is an alternative embodiment of this fourth embodiment,
  • Figures 6a and 6b are partial views of a particular embodiment of a piston used in a projectile according to the invention, Figure 6b being a cross section along the plane whose trace is identified in AA in Figure 6a , the latter being a longitudinal section along the plane marked at BB in FIG. 6b.

Si on se reporte à la figure 1, une munition 1 est représentée schématiquement; elle comporte une enveloppe 2 sensiblement cylindrique, solidaire d'une cloison de fond 2a.Referring to Figure 1, ammunition 1 is shown schematically; it has an envelope 2 substantially cylindrical, integral with a bottom partition 2a.

La munition 1 est destinée à être lancée par une arme non représentée, par exemple par un tube de lancement solidaire d'un véhicule à protéger (le brevet FR2612287 décrit un tel tube de lancement).Ammunition 1 is intended to be launched by a non-weapon represented, for example by an integral launching tube of a vehicle to be protected (patent FR2612287 describes such a launch tube).

L'enveloppe est fermée par un bouchon 3 qui en est rendu solidaire par exemple par collage ou soudure.The envelope is closed by a plug 3 which is returned united for example by bonding or welding.

On réalisera avantageusement l'enveloppe 2 d'une seule pièce avec la cloison 2a et dans une matière plastique, par exemple du polyéthylène ou du polypropylène.The envelope 2 will advantageously be produced from a single room with partition 2a and in plastic, for example of polyethylene or polypropylene.

Le bouchon 3 porte un étui 6a renfermant une composition pyrotechnique génératrice de gaz 6 de type connu ainsi que des moyens d'initiation 8a de celle-ci (non représentés en détail).The plug 3 carries a case 6a containing a composition pyrotechnic gas generator 6 of known type as well as initiation means 8a thereof (not shown in detail).

La composition pyrotechnique génératrice de gaz sera de préférence une composition fournissant un important volume de gaz avec une élévation limitée de la température, par exemple une composition à base d'azoture de sodium.The gas-generating pyrotechnic composition will be preferably a composition providing a large volume of gas with limited rise in temperature, for example a composition based on sodium azide.

De telles compositions sont utilisées dans le domaine de l'automobile pour assurer le gonflage des coussins de sécurité.Such compositions are used in the field of the automobile to ensure the inflation of the cushions security.

On pourra se reporter aux brevets US5062367, FR2691706 ou EP509655 qui décrivent des générateurs de gaz utilisables pour les sécurités automobiles.We can refer to patents US5062367, FR2691706 or EP509655 which describe usable gas generators for automotive safety.

On pourra également utiliser une composition pyrotechnique associant Bore et nitrate de potassium (KNO3), par exemple dans les proportions en masse de 20 à 27% de Bore pour 80 à 73% de KNO3. On pourra également utiliser une composition associant Nitrocellulose et Chlorate de potassium (KClO4), par exemple dans les proportions en masse de 10 à 30 % de Nitrocellulose pour 90 à 70% de KClO4.We can also use a composition pyrotechnic combining Boron and potassium nitrate (KNO3), for example in the proportions by mass of 20 to 27% of Boron for 80 to 73% of KNO3. We can also use a composition combining Nitrocellulose and Potassium Chlorate (KClO4), for example in the proportions by mass of 10 to 30 % of Nitrocellulose for 90 to 70% of KClO4.

D'une manière connue, les moyens d'initiation comporteront une amorce ainsi qu'un dispositif d'initiation de celle-ci à l'issue d'un certain intervalle de temps après le lancement de la munition. On pourra par exemple utiliser un retard électronique ou un retard pyrotechnique.In a known manner, the means of initiation include a primer and an initiation device of it at the end of a certain time interval after launching the ammunition. We could for example use electronic delay or pyrotechnic delay.

L'enveloppe 2 contient une composition 5 qui comporte un matériau actif incorporé dans un gel thixotrope.Envelope 2 contains a composition 5 which includes a active material incorporated in a thixotropic gel.

La composition 5 pourra être séparée du générateur de gaz 6 par une couche d'un matériau compressible 22, tel une mousse de polyuréthanne.Composition 5 can be separated from the gas generator 6 by a layer of compressible material 22, such as a polyurethane foam.

Le matériau compressible 22 est destiné à assurer éventuellement un rattrapage des jeux lors du montage de la munition et à absorber les dilatations éventuelles de la composition 5 provoquées par les variations de température.The compressible material 22 is intended to ensure possibly a backlash during assembly of the ammunition and absorb any expansions of the composition 5 caused by temperature variations.

D'une façon connue, un gel thixotrope est un gel qui se trouve normalement à l'état figé, mais qui devient liquide lorsqu'il est soumis à une contrainte mécanique d'un certain niveau.In a known manner, a thixotropic gel is a gel which is normally found in a frozen state, but which becomes liquid when subjected to mechanical stress of a certain level.

De tels gels sont connus dans le domaine par exemple de l'industrie alimentaire.Such gels are known in the field for example of the food industry.

L'invention propose de les utiliser comme support pour un matériau actif.The invention proposes to use them as a support for a active material.

Le fonctionnement de cette munition est le suivant:The operation of this munition is as follows:

Après tir, et à l'issue d'un intervalle de temps (défini par exemple par programmation d'un retard électronique), la composition pyrotechnique génératrice de gaz 6 est initiée. Les gaz provoquent une forte augmentation de pression à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe 2. Cet accroissement de pression a pour effet, d'une part de liquéfier le gel thixotrope 5, et d'autre part de faire éclater l'enveloppe 2 (qui pourra avantageusement être dotée d'amorces de ruptures 23 annulaires et/ou longitudinales).After firing, and at the end of a time interval (defined for example by programming an electronic delay), the gas-generating pyrotechnic composition 6 is initiated. The gases cause a sharp increase in pressure at inside the envelope 2. This increase in pressure has for effect, on the one hand to liquefy the thixotropic gel 5, and on the other hand to burst the envelope 2 (which may advantageously be endowed with ruptures 23 annular and / or longitudinal).

Il en résulte une dispersion sous forme de fines gouttelettes du gel transportant le matériau actif.This results in dispersion in the form of fines gel droplets carrying the active material.

On voit ainsi les avantages du procédé de dispersion selon l'invention.We thus see the advantages of the dispersion process according to the invention.

Du fait de l'état figé du gel, on est assuré que le matériau actif (qu'il soit sous forme de poudre ou sous forme liquide) conservera une répartition homogène à l'intérieur de celui-ci. On élimine donc tous problèmes de décantation et d'agglomération du matériau actif.Due to the frozen state of the gel, it is ensured that the active material (whether in powder form or in liquid) will maintain a homogeneous distribution inside this one. We therefore eliminate all settling problems and agglomeration of the active material.

L'état figé élimine également les problèmes d'étanchéité lors de la conception de la munition.The frozen state also eliminates sealing problems when designing the ammunition.

Pour assurer la dispersion, il est ensuite aisé de définir des moyens permettant d'appliquer au gel une contrainte mécanique suffisante pour assurer son passage à l'état liquide.To ensure dispersion, it is then easy to define means for applying a gel to the sufficient mechanical stress to ensure its passage to liquid state.

Ces moyens seront définis en fonction du niveau minimum de contrainte qui est nécessaire pour assurer la liquéfaction (une pression très réduite, par exemple de l'ordre de 104 Pascals est généralement suffisante, cette valeur dépend de la nature et de la composition du gel thixotrope).These means will be defined according to the minimum level of stress which is necessary to ensure liquefaction (a very reduced pressure, for example of the order of 10 4 Pascals is generally sufficient, this value depends on the nature and the composition of the gel thixotropic).

Les moyens permettant d'appliquer la contrainte mécanique seront également définis en fonction des dimensions du nuage de dispersion souhaité et du volume de composition mis en oeuvre. L'homme du métier définira aisément l'énergie nécessaire par le biais d'essais.Means for applying mechanical stress will also be defined according to the dimensions of the cloud desired dispersion and the volume of composition used artwork. Those skilled in the art will readily define energy required through testing.

Dans tous les cas on dimensionnera l'enveloppe de façon à assurer un confinement initial suffisant et on définira les amorces de rupture en fonction de la répartition souhaitée pour le matériau actif.In all cases, the envelope will be dimensioned so as to ensure sufficient initial containment and define the fracture primers depending on the desired distribution for the active material.

On peut également disposer un piston entre la composition pyrotechnique génératrice de gaz et le gel thixotrope et doter la cloison 2a de perforations obturées par un film mince. Une telle variante permet de disperser le matériau actif suivant une direction privilégiée : l'axe de la munition.One can also have a piston between the composition pyrotechnic gas generator and thixotropic gel and provide the partition 2a with perforations closed by a film slim. Such a variant makes it possible to disperse the material active in a preferred direction: the axis of the ammunition.

Le gel thixotrope pourra être composé de silice ultra dispersée et d'eau.The thixotropic gel can be composed of ultra silica dispersed and water.

On entend par silice ultra dispersée une silice dont la granulométrie est très faible (de l'ordre du centième de micron).By ultra dispersed silica is meant a silica whose particle size is very small (of the order of a hundredth of micron).

Cette silice est incorporée à de l'eau dans les proportions suivantes:
   3% à 7% en masse d'eau pour 97 à 93% en masse de silice.This silica is incorporated into water in the following proportions:
3% to 7% by mass of water for 97 to 93% by mass of silica.

Les proportions seront définies en fonction de la viscosité souhaitée pour le gel, viscosité qui dépendra de la nature du matériau actif incorporé au gel.The proportions will be defined according to the viscosity desired for the gel, viscosity which will depend on the nature of the active material incorporated into the gel.

La silice est particulièrement avantageuse car elle est très bon marché et très inerte chimiquement, ce qui permet d'ajouter sans difficultés à un tel gel des matériaux actifs de compositions diverses.Silica is particularly advantageous because it is very inexpensive and very chemically inert, which allows to add active materials to such a gel without difficulty of various compositions.

Afin d'éviter la solidification du gel aux basses températures, on pourra mélanger à l'eau un agent antigel, tel un alcool.To avoid solidification of the gel at low temperatures, an antifreeze agent can be mixed with water, like an alcohol.

On pourra également réaliser un gel thixotrope en incorporant de la silice ultra dispersée à un alcool éthylique ou iso propylique.We can also make a thixotropic gel in incorporating ultra dispersed silica into an alcohol ethyl or isopropyl.

On pourra par exemple adopter les proportions suivantes:
   3% à 7% en masse d'alcool pour 97 à 93% en masse de silice.We could for example adopt the following proportions:
3% to 7% by mass of alcohol for 97 to 93% by mass of silica.

Cette variante permet d'éviter l'oxydation du matériau actif par le gel.This variant avoids the oxidation of the material active by frost.

On peut également réaliser un gel composé de silice ultra dispersée et de glycérol ou bien d'huile de silicone.You can also make a gel composed of ultra silica dispersed and glycerol or silicone oil.

On choisira de préférence les proportions suivantes:
   3% à 7% en masse d'huile de silicone pour 97 à 93% en masse de silice.The following proportions will preferably be chosen:
3% to 7% by mass of silicone oil for 97 to 93% by mass of silica.

Un tel gel présente l'avantage de n'être absolument pas toxique et d'avoir une excellente compatibilité chimique avec la plupart des matériaux actifs.The advantage of such a gel is that it is absolutely not toxic and to have excellent chemical compatibility with most active materials.

Le gel thixotropique constitue le support pour un matériau actif que l'on cherche à disperser.Thixotropic gel is the support for a active material that one seeks to disperse.

Suivant le but recherché, différentes compositions différentes sont donc possibles.Depending on the goal, different compositions different are therefore possible.

On pourra par exemple incorporer au gel thixotrope un matériau actif assurant une fonction de masquage aux infra rouge ou aux ondes millimétriques.We can for example incorporate into the thixotropic gel a active material providing an infrared masking function red or millimeter wave.

On pourra par exemple utiliser une poudre de laiton de granulométrie comprise entre 1 et 15 microns.We could for example use a brass powder of particle size between 1 and 15 microns.

On utilisera avantageusement la poudre de laiton enrobée de silice qui est décrite par le brevet FR2669625.The coated brass powder will advantageously be used silica which is described by patent FR2669625.

A titre d'exemple on pourra réaliser la composition suivante:

  • 3% à 10% en masse de poudre de silice ultra dispersée,
  • 80% à 90% en masse d'alcool iso-propylique,
  • 1% à 2% en masse de poudre de laiton.
    • As an example, the following composition can be produced:
  • 3% to 10% by mass of ultra dispersed silica powder,
  • 80% to 90% by mass of isopropyl alcohol,
  • 1% to 2% by mass of brass powder.

    • Du point de vue fabrication, on mélangera tout d'abord la silice ultra dispersée et la poudre de laiton de façon à obtenir un mélange homogène, puis on incorporera l'alcool en agitant de façon à obtenir le gel.From the manufacturing point of view, we will first mix the ultra dispersed silica and brass powder so that obtain a homogeneous mixture, then incorporate the alcohol into shaking so as to obtain the gel.

    On pourra éventuellement passer la composition obtenue au broyeur pour assurer son homogénéisation.The composition obtained may possibly be passed over to grinder to ensure its homogenization.

    A titre de variante on pourra réaliser les compositions suivantes:

  • 3% à 10% en masse de poudre de silice ultra dispersée,
  • 80% à 90% en masse d'eau,
  • 1% à 2% en masse de poudre de laiton.
    •    ou bien:
  • 3% à 10% en masse de poudre de silice ultra dispersée,
  • 80% à 90% en masse d'huile silicone,
  • 1% à 2% en masse de poudre de laiton. laiton.
    •  As a variant, the following compositions can be produced:
  • 3% to 10% by mass of ultra dispersed silica powder,
  • 80% to 90% by mass of water,
  • 1% to 2% by mass of brass powder.
    • or:
  • 3% to 10% by mass of ultra dispersed silica powder,
  • 80% to 90% by mass of silicone oil,
  • 1% to 2% by mass of brass powder. brass.

    • On pourra également réaliser une composition de masquage aux rayons infra rouge en utilisant comme matériau actif une poudre de carbone, dont la granulométrie est comprise entre 1 micron et 15 microns.We can also make a masking composition infrared rays using as active material a carbon powder, the particle size of which is between 1 micron and 15 microns.

    On pourra par exemple réaliser la composition suivante

  • 3% à 10% en masse de poudre de silice ultra dispersée,
  • 80% à 90% en masse d'alcool iso-propylique,
  • 1% à 2% en masse de poudre de carbone.
    • We could for example make the following composition
  • 3% to 10% by mass of ultra dispersed silica powder,
  • 80% to 90% by mass of isopropyl alcohol,
  • 1% to 2% by mass of carbon powder.

    • Là encore on réalisera au préalable un mélange homogène de la silice et du carbone, puis on rajoutera l'alcool.Again, we will first make a homogeneous mixture silica and carbon, then add the alcohol.

    Grâce au procédé selon l'invention, les grains de carbone se trouvent enrobés de particules de silice ce qui interdit leur agglomération et améliore les performances du masquage.Thanks to the process according to the invention, the carbon grains are coated with silica particles which prohibits their agglomeration and improves the masking performance.

    On pourra également utiliser à la place de la poudre de carbone des fibres de carbone de 3 à 6mm de long.We can also use instead of carbon from carbon fibers 3 to 6mm long.

    A titre de variante on pourra encore réaliser les compositions suivantes:

  • 3% à 10% en masse de poudre de silice ultra dispersée,
  • 80% à 90% en masse d'eau,
  • 1% à 2% en masse de poudre de carbone.
    •    ou bien:
  • 3% à 10% en masse de poudre de silice ultra dispersée,
  • 80% à 90% en masse d'huile silicone,
  • 1% à 2% en masse de poudre de carbone.
    •  As a variant, the following compositions can also be produced:
  • 3% to 10% by mass of ultra dispersed silica powder,
  • 80% to 90% by mass of water,
  • 1% to 2% by mass of carbon powder.
    • or:
  • 3% to 10% by mass of ultra dispersed silica powder,
  • 80% to 90% by mass of silicone oil,
  • 1% to 2% by mass of carbon powder.

    • Suivant une autre variante de l'invention, afin de réaliser une composition de leurrage des munitions dans le domaine millimétrique, on pourra utiliser comme matériau actif incorporé au gel thixotrope un matériau de leurrage, par exemple des fibres de verre aluminisées de 1 à 4 mm de long ou encore des fibres de carbone de 1 à 4 mm de long.According to another variant of the invention, in order to make a decoy composition of ammunition in the millimeter range, we can use as material active ingredient incorporated in the thixotropic gel, a decoy material, for example aluminized glass fibers 1 to 4 mm thick long or carbon fibers 1 to 4 mm long.

    Selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention, on incorporera au gel thixotrope un matériau actif incapacitant.According to another embodiment of the invention, we incorporate an incapacitating active material into the thixotropic gel.

    On entend par matériau incapacitant un matériau pouvant mettre hors de combat une personne sans lui infliger de dommages sévères. On range par exemple dans cette catégorie les matériaux lacrymogènes, soporifiques ou provoquant des nausées.By incapacitating material is meant a material capable of put a person out of action without inflicting severe damage. For example, we fall into this category tear, soporific or provoking materials nausea.

    On pourra utiliser comme matériau actif une poudre de poivre ou de piment.We can use as active material a powder of pepper or chili.

    On réalisera le gel thixotrope avec des composants non toxiques (par exemple l'alcool iso-propylique ou l'huile silicone).We will make the thixotropic gel with components not toxic (e.g. isopropyl alcohol or oil silicone).

    On pourra par exemple réaliser une composition constituée par :

  • 3% à 10% en masse de poudre de silice ultra dispersée,
  • 80% à 90% en masse d'huile silicone,
  • 1% à 2% en masse de poivre en poudre.
    • We can for example make a composition consisting of:
  • 3% to 10% by mass of ultra dispersed silica powder,
  • 80% to 90% by mass of silicone oil,
  • 1% to 2% by mass of powdered pepper.

    • Là encore on mélangera de façon homogène poivre et silice avant d'ajouter l'huile silicone.Again we will homogeneously mix pepper and silica before adding the silicone oil.

    Il est possible également de réaliser une composition dans laquelle le matériau actif est sous une forme liquide.It is also possible to make a composition in which the active material is in a liquid form.

    On pourra par exemple utiliser une composition lacrymogène telle le CS (Ortho-Chlorobenzylidènemalonitrile).We could for example use a composition tear gas such as CS (Ortho-Chlorobenzylidènemalonitrile).

    On réalisera une composition ayant la composition suivante:

  • 3% à 10% en masse de poudre de silice ultra dispersée,
  • 80% à 90% en masse d'alcool iso propylique,
  • 1% à 2% en masse de composition lacrymogène.
    • We will make a composition having the following composition:
  • 3% to 10% by mass of ultra dispersed silica powder,
  • 80% to 90% by mass of isopropyl alcohol,
  • 1% to 2% by mass of tear gas composition.

    • La composition lacrymogène utilisée pourra n'être que partiellement soluble dans l'alcool.The tear gas composition used may be only partially soluble in alcohol.

    Du point de vue fabrication, on mélangera le matériau actif liquide avec l'alcool puis on ajoutera ensuite la silice ultra dispersée.From the manufacturing point of view, we will mix the material liquid active with alcohol then add the ultra dispersed silica.

    Bien entendu un autre matériau actif liquide pourrait être utilisé. Dans tous les cas on adaptera les taux des différents constituants pour assurer le caractère thixotropique au gel obtenu.Of course, another liquid active material could to be used. In all cases, the rates of the different constituents to ensure the character thixotropic gel obtained.

    Enfin selon un dernier mode de réalisation de l'invention on pourra choisir comme matériau actif un colorant.Finally according to a last embodiment of the invention a dye may be chosen as the active material.

    Le colorant sera de préférence un colorant soluble dans la phase liquide utilisée (eau, alcool ou huile silicone), mais il pourrait également n'être qu'en suspension.The dye will preferably be a dye soluble in the liquid phase used (water, alcohol or silicone oil), but it could also be in suspension.

    On pourra par exemple choisir le bleu de méthylène ou la fluoréscéine.We can for example choose methylene blue or fluororescein.

    On pourra réaliser par exemple la composition suivante:

  • 3% à 10% en masse de poudre de silice ultra dispersée,
  • 80% à 90% en masse d'eau,
  • 1% à 2% en masse de colorant.
    • For example, the following composition can be produced:
  • 3% to 10% by mass of ultra dispersed silica powder,
  • 80% to 90% by mass of water,
  • 1% to 2% by weight of dye.

    • Une telle variante permet d'assurer le marquage d'un objectif afin de faciliter sa reconnaissance ultérieure. Par exemple le marquage de suspects dans les opérations de maintien de l'ordre ou encore le marquage de véhicules ou de cibles pour faciliter leur attaque ultérieure par une munition.Such a variant makes it possible to ensure the marking of a objective in order to facilitate its later recognition. Through example the marking of suspects in the operations of maintenance of order or the marking of vehicles or targets to facilitate their subsequent attack by a ammunition.

    La composition et la couleur du colorant seront bien entendu choisies en fonction des effets recherchés (caractère indélébile, fluorescent...).The composition and color of the dye will be fine heard chosen according to the desired effects (character indelible, fluorescent ...).

    Diverses variantes sont possibles sans sortir du cadre de l'invention.Various variants are possible without departing from the scope of the invention.

    Ainsi le procédé selon l'invention n'est pas limité à une mise en oeuvre au moyen d'une munition.Thus the method according to the invention is not limited to a implementation by means of ammunition.

    Il est ainsi possible de placer la composition comportant un gel thixotrope dans un équipement pulvérisateur individuel ou télécommandé, par exemple un cylindre percé à une extrémité et doté à l'autre extrémité d'un piston manoeuvrable par l'utilisateur.It is thus possible to place the composition comprising a thixotropic gel in individual spray equipment or remote-controlled, for example a cylinder drilled at a end and fitted with a piston at the other end maneuverable by the user.

    Le gel pourra être alors pulvérisé dans une direction privilégiée qui est l'axe du cylindre.The gel can then be sprayed in one direction privileged which is the axis of the cylinder.

    Des applications civiles de l'invention sont également possibles.Civilian applications of the invention are also possible.

    Ainsi le piston pulvérisateur peut servir à la dispersion d'un gel thixotropique particulier dans lequel est incorporé un matériau actif destiné au traitement des végétaux (pesticide, fongicide, insecticide...).So the spray piston can be used for dispersing of a particular thixotropic gel in which is incorporated an active material for the treatment of plants (pesticide, fungicide, insecticide ...).

    L'invention permet alors d'assurer une dispersion homogène sans nécessiter l'emploi de gaz propulseurs nuisibles à l'environnement.The invention then makes it possible to ensure a dispersion homogeneous without requiring the use of propellants harmful to the environment.

    De plus, grâce au caractère gélifié, le disperseur utilisé ne coule pas ce qui facilite l'emploi. In addition, thanks to the gelled character, the disperser used does not drip which facilitates use.

    Un piston analogue pourrait être utilisé avec un gel transportant un colorant pour faciliter le marquage des animaux, des arbres ou encore des routes (lors des opérations de travaux publics).A similar piston could be used with a gel carrying a dye to facilitate the marking of animals, trees or roads (during operations public works).

    Il est même possible conformément à l'invention de réaliser un stylo marqueur qui ne coule pas et ne sèche pas.It is even possible according to the invention to make a marker pen that does not drip and does not dry.

    Un tel stylo sera doté d'une mine poreuse ou tubulaire en appui comme un piston sur le gel. Lors de l'écriture, la mine est appuyée sur une surface par l'utilisateur. Elle exerce alors une contrainte sur le gel colorant ce qui le liquéfie et permet son écoulement hors du stylo.Such a pen will have a porous or tubular lead in support like a piston on the gel. When writing, the mine is pressed on a surface by the user. She exercises then a constraint on the coloring gel which liquefies it and allows it to flow out of the pen.

    Un tel stylo peut écrire sur toute surface et avec toute orientation.Such a pen can write on any surface and with any orientation.

    La figure 2 représente un autre mode de réalisation d'un projectile selon l'invention. Ce projectile 1 comporte une enveloppe 2 cylindrique qui est fermée à une de ses extrémité par un fond 3 et à l'autre extrémité par une grille 4.FIG. 2 represents another embodiment of a projectile according to the invention. This projectile 1 comprises a cylindrical casing 2 which is closed at one end by a bottom 3 and at the other end by a grid 4.

    L'enveloppe 2 est réalisée par exemple en matière plastique résistante comme le polyamide. Elle contient une composition 5 qui est un gel thixotrope du type de ceux décrits précédemment.The envelope 2 is made for example of material resistant plastic like polyamide. It contains a composition 5 which is a thixotropic gel of the type of those described previously.

    Le gel thixotrope incorpore un matériau actif dont la nature dépendra du but recherché.Thixotropic gel incorporates an active material whose nature will depend on the goal.

    Dans une application de maintien de l'ordre on utilisera un matériau incapacitant, par exemple une poudre de poivre ou de piment ou un matériau lacrymogène.In a law enforcement application we will use an incapacitating material, for example pepper powder or chili or tear gas.

    A titre d'exemple on pourra réaliser un matériau constitué par :

  • 3% à 10% en masse de poudre de silice ultra dispersée,
  • 80% à 90% en masse d'alcool isopropylique,
  • 1% à 2% de poivre en poudre.
    • By way of example, a material made up of:
  • 3% to 10% by mass of ultra dispersed silica powder,
  • 80% to 90% by mass of isopropyl alcohol,
  • 1% to 2% powdered pepper.

    • Du point de vue fabrication, on mélangera de façon homogène poivre et silice avant d'ajouter l'alcool.From the manufacturing point of view, we will mix homogeneous pepper and silica before adding alcohol.

    Le piston 7 est monté coulissant dans l'enveloppe 2. Il porte à sa périphérie un joint torique d'étanchéité 9.The piston 7 is slidably mounted in the casing 2. It carries at its periphery an O-ring seal 9.

    L'autre extrémité de l'enveloppe 2 est fermée par une grille 4, fixée à l'enveloppe par collage ou sertissage, et dont les dimensions de maille seront choisies en fonction de la viscosité (statique et dynamique) de la composition à disperser et des dimensions du matériau actif incorporé au gel.The other end of the envelope 2 is closed by a grid 4, fixed to the envelope by gluing or crimping, and whose mesh dimensions will be chosen according to the viscosity (static and dynamic) of the composition to dispersing and dimensions of the active material incorporated in the gel.

    On choisira pratiquement une grille dont les dimensions de maille sont supérieures de 20% à la granulométrie du matériau actif.We will practically choose a grid whose dimensions of mesh are 20% greater than the particle size of the active material.

    On pourra utiliser une grille d'acier inoxydable ayant une dimension de maille de l'ordre de 40µm.We can use a stainless steel grid having a mesh size of the order of 40 μm.

    L'avantage d'utiliser un gel thixotrope est qu'il n'y a aucun risque de voir la composition 5 couler hors de l'enveloppe en l'absence de contraintes mécaniques. Les problèmes d'étanchéité se trouvent donc pratiquement éliminés.The advantage of using a thixotropic gel is that there is no risk of composition 5 leaking out of the envelope in the absence of mechanical stresses. The sealing problems therefore lie practically eliminated.

    On prévoira simplement une feuille mince 10 (par exemple en papier), collée sur la grille à l'extérieur du projectile, pour empêcher la pénétration d'impuretés provenant de l'extérieur.We will simply provide a thin sheet 10 (for example paper), stuck on the grid outside the projectile, to prevent the entry of impurities from outside.

    Un anneau élastique fendu 11 est mis en place dans une gorge annulaire de l'enveloppe 2. Cet anneau permet d'empêcher éjection du piston 7 hors de l'enveloppe 2 lors du fonctionnement du projectile.A split elastic ring 11 is placed in a annular groove of the envelope 2. This ring allows to prevent ejection of the piston 7 from the envelope 2 during the operation of the projectile.

    Le fonctionnement de ce projectile est le suivant.The operation of this projectile is as follows.

    Avant tir, on programme les moyens d'initiation 8 en introduisant le retard à l'issue duquel la dispersion doit être effectuée.Before firing, the initiation means 8 are programmed in introducing the delay at the end of which the dispersion must be performed.

    A l'instant souhaité, la composition pyrotechnique génératrice de gaz 6 est initiée. Les gaz provoquent une forte augmentation de pression à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe 2. La pression s'exerce sur le piston 7 qui pousse le gel 5 contre la grille 4.At the desired moment, the pyrotechnic composition gas generator 6 is initiated. The gases cause a strong increase in pressure inside the envelope 2. The pressure is exerted on the piston 7 which pushes the gel 5 against the grid 4.

    La pression a pour effet de liquéfier le gel thixotrope 5. Ainsi c'est un matériau liquide qui se trouve poussé au travers de la grille 4 et qui se disperse sous forme de fines gouttelettes transportant le matériau actif. Le papier 10 est déchiré par la pression.The pressure has the effect of liquefying the thixotropic gel 5. Thus it is a liquid material which is pushed to the across the grid 4 and which disperses in the form of fines droplets carrying the active material. Paper 10 is torn by pressure.

    Le piston est retenu par l'anneau 11 et ne sort pas de l'enveloppe 2. Dans le cas d'une utilisation du type maintien de l'ordre, il ne risque donc pas de venir blesser les personnes viséesThe piston is retained by the ring 11 and does not come out of envelope 2. In the case of a maintenance type use order, so there is no risk of them hurting target people

    A titre de variante il serait possible de ne pas prévoir de piston 7, la pression de gaz suffisant généralement à expulser le gel. Le piston présente l'avantage d'isoler le gel à disperser des gaz propulsifs, ce qui évite son échauffement ou sa dégradation.As a variant it would be possible not to provide piston 7, the gas pressure generally sufficient to expel the gel. The piston has the advantage of isolating the gel to disperse propellants, which prevents its heating or its degradation.

    Le projectile représenté à la figure 1 peut être tiré suivant deux directions différentes.The projectile shown in Figure 1 can be fired in two different directions.

    Il peut être animé d'une vitesse V1 telle que la grille 4 se trouve en avant sur sa trajectoire.It can be driven by a speed V1 such as grid 4 is ahead on its trajectory.

    Dans ce cas la composition se trouve éjectée hors de l'enveloppe avec une vitesse ayant même sens que la vitesse du projectile. La vitesse d'éjection du gel 5 est alors la résultante de la vitesse du projectile et de celle communiquée par la composition pyrotechnique génératrice de gaz 6.In this case the composition is ejected out of the envelope with a speed having the same direction as the speed of the projectile. The gel ejection speed 5 is then the resulting from the speed of the projectile and that of communicated by the pyrotechnic composition generating gas 6.

    Un tel mode de réalisation permet de disperser plus largement la composition.Such an embodiment makes it possible to disperse more largely the composition.

    Le projectile 1 peut au contraire être tiré avec une orientation inverse et se trouver alors animé d'une vitesse V2 telle que la grille 4 se trouve en arrière sur sa trajectoire.Projectile 1 can instead be fired with a reverse orientation and then be driven by a speed V2 such that grid 4 is behind on its path.

    Dans ce cas, la composition se trouve éjectée hors de l'enveloppe avec une vitesse ayant un sens opposé à celui de la vitesse du projectile.In this case, the composition is ejected out of the envelope with a speed having a direction opposite to that of the speed of the projectile.

    Il en résulte un freinage de la composition dispersée qui permet de localiser la dispersion relativement précisément par rapport à l'instant d'initiation.This results in a braking of the dispersed composition which allows to locate the dispersion relatively precisely with respect to the initiation time.

    La figure 3 représente un projectile selon un troisième mode de réalisation.FIG. 3 represents a projectile according to a third embodiment.

    Dans ce mode de réalisation le projectile comporte un culot 12 qui a la forme d'un boítier délimitant un logement interne qui renferme une charge propulsive 13. Le boítier est fermé par un couvercle vissé 14 qui porte des moyens d'initiation 8 de la charge propulsive.In this embodiment the projectile includes a base 12 which has the shape of a housing delimiting a housing internal which contains a propellant charge 13. The housing is closed by a screwed cover 14 which carries means initiation 8 of the propellant charge.

    La charge propulsive 13 constitue un moyen de freinage du projectile 1 sur sa trajectoire.The propellant charge 13 constitutes a means of braking the projectile 1 on its trajectory.

    Comme dans le mode précédent, les moyens d'initiation 8 comprendront une fusée chronométrique électronique programmable.As in the previous mode, the initiation means 8 will include an electronic time rocket programmable.

    La charge propulsive 13 pourra être une composition pyrotechnique génératrice de gaz du type de celles décrites précédemment.The propellant charge 13 may be a composition pyrotechnic gas generator of the type described previously.

    On pourra également choisir une poudre propulsive à base de nitrocellulose ou un bloc de propergol.We can also choose a propellant powder based nitrocellulose or a propellant block.

    Le logement interne du boítier 12 communique avec l'extérieur du projectile 1 par des canaux 15, inclinés par rapport à l'axe 16 du projectile 15.The internal housing of the housing 12 communicates with the exterior of the projectile 1 by channels 15, inclined by relative to the axis 16 of the projectile 15.

    Ce projectile est destiné à être tiré avec une orientation telle que le boítier se trouve en arrière sur la trajectoire. Le projectile est alors animé d'une vitesse V1 dont l'orientation est donnée sur la figure 2.This projectile is intended to be fired with a orientation such that the housing is located behind on the path. The projectile is then animated with a speed V1 whose orientation is given in Figure 2.

    Les canaux 15 sont régulièrement répartis angulairement et sont orientés vers l'avant du projectile.Channels 15 are regularly distributed angularly and are oriented towards the front of the projectile.

    L'enveloppe 2 du projectile est collée au culot 12. Elle est fermée à sa partie avant par une grille 4 obturée par une feuille 10.The envelope 2 of the projectile is glued to the base 12. It is closed at its front part by a grid 4 closed by a sheet 10.

    L'enveloppe 2 renferme un gel thixotrope 5.Envelope 2 contains a thixotropic gel 5.

    Un piston 7 est disposé en appui contre le boítier 12, il porte sur son rebord périphérique un joint d'étanchéité 9.A piston 7 is disposed in abutment against the housing 12, it carries on its peripheral edge a seal 9.

    Le fonctionnement de ce projectile est le suivant.The operation of this projectile is as follows.

    Le projectile est animé sur trajectoire d'une certaine vitesse V1. A l'issue de l'intervalle de temps programmé avant tir, la charge propulsive 13 est initiée.The projectile is animated on the trajectory of a certain speed V1. At the end of the programmed time interval before firing, the propellant charge 13 is initiated.

    Elle génère des jets de gaz qui sont éjectés hors de l'enveloppe par les canaux 15. L'orientation des canaux est choisie telle que ces jets de gaz provoquent un freinage du projectile. On dimensionnera la charge propulsive de façon à assurer un freinage brutal (décélération de l'ordre de 2000 à 17000 m/s2).It generates gas jets which are ejected out of the envelope by the channels 15. The orientation of the channels is chosen such that these gas jets cause the projectile to brake. The propellant charge will be dimensioned so as to ensure brutal braking (deceleration of the order of 2000 to 17000 m / s 2 ).

    Cette décélération provoque le déplacement par inertie du piston 7 à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe 2.This deceleration causes the inertial displacement of the piston 7 inside the casing 2.

    Le piston liquéfie le gel thixotrope 5 et provoque son éjection hors de l'enveloppe au travers de la grille 4 qui assure la nébulisation du matériau 5.The piston liquefies the thixotropic gel 5 and causes its ejection out of the envelope through the grid 4 which ensures the nebulization of the material 5.

    Il est possible à titre de variante de ne pas prévoir de piston 7. Dans ce cas la seule inertie du gel 5, appliqué brutalement contre la grille 4 lors de la décélération du projectile, suffira à le liquéfier et à le disperser au travers de la grille 4.It is possible, as a variant, not to provide for piston 7. In this case the only inertia of the gel 5, applied suddenly against grid 4 during deceleration of the projectile, will suffice to liquefy it and disperse it across the grid 4.

    A titre de variante il est possible de mettre en oeuvre d'autres moyens de freinage, par exemple des moyens de freinage aérodynamique pour le projectile.As a variant it is possible to implement other braking means, for example means of aerodynamic braking for the projectile.

    On pourra par exemple disposer à la partie arrière du projectile un sac gonflable déployé par les gaz engendrés par la composition pyrotechnique génératrice de gaz 6 dont l'initiation sera commandée sur trajectoire.We can for example have at the rear of the projectile an airbag deployed by the gases generated by the gas-generating pyrotechnic composition 6 of which the initiation will be ordered on trajectory.

    On se reportera avantageusement au brevet FR2704054, dont l'ensemble de la description est inclu ici par référence, et qui décrit de façon détaillée un dispositif de freinage aérodynamique de projectile par sac gonflable.Advantageously, reference will be made to patent FR2704054, the whole description of which is included here by reference, and which describes in detail a device for aerodynamic projectile braking by airbag.

    On dimensionnera le sac et le générateur de gaz de façon à assurer la décélération brutale nécessaire à la dispersion du gel 5 par inertie.We will size the bag and the gas generator so to provide the sudden deceleration necessary for dispersion gel 5 by inertia.

    D'autres moyens de freinage sont possibles, par exemple un freinage aérodynamique réalisé par des ailettes, repliées sur trajectoire le long de l'enveloppe du projectile et dont le déploiement est commandé par les moyens d'initiation 8.Other braking means are possible, for example aerodynamic braking by fins, folded on trajectory along the envelope of the projectile and whose deployment is controlled by the initiation means 8.

    La figure 4 représente un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention.FIG. 4 represents a preferred embodiment of the invention.

    Le projectile 1 comprend une enveloppe 2, réalisée par exemple par moulage de polyamide, et qui est comporte un fond 2a. L'enveloppe est fermée à son extrémité par une grille 4 recouverte de la feuille d'étanchéité 10.The projectile 1 comprises an envelope 2, produced by example by molding of polyamide, and which has a bottom 2a. The envelope is closed at its end by a grid 4 covered with sealing sheet 10.

    Elle renferme un gel thixotrope 5 incorporant un matériau actif.It contains a thixotropic gel 5 incorporating a material active.

    Le fond 2a de l'enveloppe porte un prolongement axial 18 sur lequel est fixé un fil 19. L'autre extrémité du fil 19 est reliée à un système de lancement fixe 20.The bottom 2a of the envelope carries an axial extension 18 on which is fixed a wire 19. The other end of the wire 19 is connected to a fixed launch system 20.

    Le fil constitue ici les moyens de freinage du projectile sur trajectoire.The wire constitutes here the means of braking of the projectile on trajectory.

    Le système de lancement 20 représenté ici est un tube posé au sol. Il pourrait également être constitué par une arme portative tenue par un tireur. The launch system 20 shown here is a tube placed on the ground. It could also consist of a portable weapon held by a shooter.

    La longueur de fil 19 est déterminée en fonction de la distance à laquelle on souhaite réaliser la dispersion.The length of wire 19 is determined according to the distance at which one wishes to achieve the dispersion.

    Lorsque le projectile atteint la distance souhaitée, le fil 19 se tend et provoque un freinage brutal du projectile.When the projectile reaches the desired distance, the wire 19 tightens and causes a sudden braking of the projectile.

    Ce freinage provoque l'appui par inertie du gel 5 contre la grille 4. Il en résulte comme précédemment une liquéfaction du gel et sa dispersion au travers de la grille 4.This braking causes the inertial support of the gel 5 against grid 4. As a result, as above, liquefaction of the gel and its dispersion through the grid 4.

    Ce mode de réalisation est particulièrement bon marché en raison du faible nombre de pièces utilisées et de l'absence de fusée électronique.This embodiment is particularly inexpensive in due to the low number of parts used and the absence of electronic rocket.

    Il est également très sûr car il ne met en oeuvre aucun matériau pyrotechnique.It is also very safe because it does not use any pyrotechnic material.

    La figure 5 est une variante de la précédente dans laquelle un piston 7 est prévu à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe 2. Lors du freinage du projectile, l'inertie du piston vient pousser le gel contre la grille.Figure 5 is a variant of the previous one in which a piston 7 is provided inside the envelope 2. When the projectile brakes, the inertia of the piston comes push the gel against the grid.

    Cette variante est préférée lorsque l'inertie du gel est insuffisante pour assurer sa complète dispersion lors du freinage. Il est possible, en jouant sur la masse du piston, de moduler la vitesse d'éjection du matériau donc les caractéristiques spatiales de la dispersion.This variant is preferred when the inertia of the gel is insufficient to ensure its complete dispersion during braking. It is possible, by playing on the mass of the piston, to modulate the speed of ejection of the material therefore the spatial characteristics of the dispersion.

    Les figures 6a et 6b montrent une variante de réalisation dans laquelle la surface interne de l'enveloppe 2 porte trois rampes hélicoïdales 21a, 21b et 21c décalées de 120° les unes des autres.Figures 6a and 6b show an alternative embodiment in which the internal surface of the envelope 2 carries three helical ramps 21a, 21b and 21c offset by 120 ° each others.

    Ces rampes coopèrent avec des rainures complémentaires aménagées sur la surface cylindrique externe du piston 7.These ramps cooperate with complementary grooves arranged on the external cylindrical surface of the piston 7.

    Avec une telle variante la translation du piston s'accompagne également de sa mise en rotation par rapport à l'enveloppe.With such a variant the translation of the piston is also accompanied by its rotation relative to the envelope.

    Il en résulte une meilleure déstabilisation du jet de matériau actif donc une meilleure répartition spatiale suivant les directions radiales du projectile.This results in a better destabilization of the jet of active material therefore better spatial distribution along the radial directions of the projectile.

    Diverses variantes sont possibles pour l'invention.Various variants are possible for the invention.

    Il est ainsi possible de combiner entre elles les caractéristiques des différents modes de réalisation précédemment décrits. It is thus possible to combine the characteristics of the different embodiments previously described.

    On pourra notamment prévoir des rampes hélicoïdales pour les pistons des figures 2, 3 et 5.We can in particular provide helical ramps for the pistons of Figures 2, 3 and 5.

    On pourra également remplacer la feuille de papier 10 par un couvercle de matière plastique thermosoudé à l'enveloppe. L'épaisseur du couvercle sera choisie suffisamment mince pour qu'il se trouve brisé lors de la mise en pression du matériau.We can also replace the sheet of paper 10 with a plastic cover heat sealed to the envelope. The thickness of the cover will be chosen thin enough to that it is broken when the pressure is applied to the material.

    On pourra bien évidemment mettre en oeuvre l'invention avec des matériaux actifs de natures très différentes suivant l'objectif recherché.We can obviously implement the invention with active materials of very different natures according to the objective sought.

    On pourra ainsi incorporer au gel thixotrope une poudre de carbone ou bien une poudre métallique afin d'assurer une fonction de masquage ou de leurrage.It will thus be possible to incorporate a powder into the thixotropic gel. carbon or a metallic powder to ensure masking or decoy function.

    On pourra aussi incorporer dans le gel thixotrope un colorant pour permettre un marquage de cible.We can also incorporate into the thixotropic gel a dye to allow target marking.

    Claims (29)

    1. A process for the dispersal over an area of ground, or the application onto an object, of an active material incorporated into an auxiliary substance so as to form a composition, characterised in that the auxiliary substance is a thixotrope gel and in that at the moment of dispersal or application such composition is subjected to mechanical stress so as to modify its viscosity and cause the dispersal or application, such stress being obtained by the increase in pressure due to the ignition of a pyrotechnic composition, or else by the displacement of a piston or else further to the displacement via inertia of the composition.
    2. A composition that can be dispersed over an area of ground or applied onto an object and comprises at least one active material incorporated into an auxiliary substance, characterised in that the auxiliary substance is a thixotrope gel and in that the active material is a metallic powder or a carbon powder or carbon fibres, or an incapacitating material or a colouring agent.
    3. A dispersible composition according to Claim 2, characterised in that the gel is composed of ultra-dispersed silica and water.
    4. A dispersible composition according to Claim 2, characterised in that the gel is composed of ultra-dispersed silica and alcohol.
    5. A dispersible composition according to Claim 2, characterised in that the gel is composed of ultra-dispersed silica and glycerol.
    6. A dispersible composition according to Claim 2, characterised in that the gel is composed of ultra-dispersed silica and silicon oil.
    7. A composition according to one of Claims 2 to 6, characterised in that the active material is a metallic powder whose particle size is between 1 micron and 15 microns.
    8. A composition according to Claim 7, characterised in that it is constituted by:
      3% to 10% in mass of ultra-dispersed silica powder,
      80% to 90% in mass of water,
      and 1% to 2% in mass of brass powder.
    9. A composition according to Claim 7, characterised in that it is constituted by:
      3% to 10% in mass of ultra-dispersed silica powder,
      80% to 90% in mass of alcohol,
      and 1% to 2% in mass of brass powder.
    10. A composition according to Claim 7, characterised in that it is constituted by:
      3% to 10% in mass of ultra-dispersed silica powder,
      80% to 90% in mass of silicon oil,
      and 1% to 2% in mass of brass powder.
    11. A composition according to Claim 3, characterised in that it is constituted by:
      3% to 10% in mass of ultra-dispersed silica powder,
      80% to 90% in mass of water,
      and 1% to 2% in mass of carbon powder or fibres.
    12. A composition according to Claim 4, characterised in that it is constituted by:
      3% to 10% in mass of ultra-dispersed silica powder,
      80% to 90% in mass of alcohol,
      and 1% to 2% in mass of carbon powder or fibres.
    13. A composition according to Claim 6, characterised in that it is constituted by:
      3% to 10% in mass of ultra-dispersed silica powder,
      80% to 90% in mass of silicon oil,
      and 1% to 2% in mass of carbon powder or fibres.
    14. A composition according to one of Claims 2 to 6, characterised in that the incapacitating material is a pepper or pimento powder.
    15. A composition according to Claim 14, characterised in that it is constituted by:
      3% to 10% in mass of ultra-dispersed silica powder,
      80% to 90% in mass of silicon oil,
      and 1% to 2% in mass of pepper powder.
    16. A composition according to one of Claims 2 to 6, characterised in that the incapacitating material is a lachrymatory composition.
    17. A composition according to Claim 16, characterised in that it is constituted by:
      3% to 10% in mass of ultra-dispersed silica powder,
      80% to 90% in mass of isopropyl alcohol,
      and 1% to 2% in mass of lachrymatory composition.
    18. A composition according to one of Claims 2 to 6, characterised in that it is constituted by:
      3% to 10% in mass of ultra-dispersed silica powder,
      80% to 90% in mass of water,
      and 1% to 2% in mass of colouring agent.
    19. A projectile (1) implementing the process according to Claim 1 and comprising a composition (5) arranged inside a casing (2) and constituted by at least one active material incorporated into a thixotrope gel, such projectile also incorporating dispersal means (6, 7, 13, 19) triggered at a given time during the trajectory and that cause the composition (5) to be set into motion with respect to the casing (2) so as to subject said composition to a mechanical stress and ensure its liquefaction and ejection from the casing.
    20. A projectile according to Claim 19, characterised in that the dispersal means cause the composition (5) to be set into motion at a velocity in the same direction as the projectile velocity.
    21. A projectile according to Claim 19, characterised in that the dispersal means cause the composition (5) to be set into motion at a velocity in a different direction to that of the projectile.
    22. A projectile according to one of Claims 20 or 21, characterised in that the dispersal means comprise a gas-generating pyrotechnic composition (6).
    23. A projectile according to one of Claims 20 or 21, characterised in that the dispersal means incorporate a piston (7) placed between the gas-generating pyrotechnic composition (6) and the composition (5) to be dispersed.
    24. A projectile according to Claim 20, characterised in that the dispersal means incorporate braking means (13, 19) ensuring a sudden deceleration of the projectile (1) during its trajectory, the composition (5) being in this case forced out of the casing (2) by inertia.
    25. A projectile according to Claim 24, characterised in that the braking means comprise a gas-generating pyrotechnic composition (13) ejecting gases out of the casing (2) in a direction that is substantially the same as that of the projectile (1) velocity.
    26. A projectile according to Claim 24, characterised in that the braking means comprise a wire (19) fastened to a rear part of the casing (2) and connected to a fixed launch system (20).
    27. A projectile according to one of Claims 24 to 26, characterised in that the dispersal means incorporate a piston (7) that slides through inertia in the casing (2) so as to carry with it the composition (5) to be dispersed.
    28. A projectile according to Claim 27, characterised in that a peripheral part of the piston (7) co-operates with the casing (2) by a helicoidal link in such a manner that the translation of the piston (7) also drives its rotation with respect to the casing.
    29. A projectile according to one of Claims 19 to 28, characterised in that the casing (2) is closed by a grid (4) at one of its ends against which the composition (5) is pushed.
    EP19960402458 1995-11-17 1996-11-15 Dispersing or applicating process of an active material, composition and projectile manufactured according to such a process Expired - Lifetime EP0774642B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (4)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    FR9513635A FR2741434B1 (en) 1995-11-17 1995-11-17 PROCESS FOR THE DISPERSION OR APPLICATION OF AN ACTIVE MATERIAL AND COMPOSITION IMPLEMENTED FOR SUCH A PROCESS
    FR9513634A FR2741435B1 (en) 1995-11-17 1995-11-17 PROJECTILE ALLOWING THE DISPERSION OF A PRODUCT ON A PATH
    FR9513635 1995-11-17
    FR9513634 1995-11-17

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0774642A1 EP0774642A1 (en) 1997-05-21
    EP0774642B1 true EP0774642B1 (en) 2000-05-31

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    EP (1) EP0774642B1 (en)
    DE (1) DE69608644T2 (en)

    Families Citing this family (4)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    WO1998039064A1 (en) * 1997-03-04 1998-09-11 Nebel, Anita Explosive fire extinguishing device
    FR2765869B1 (en) * 1997-07-09 1999-08-13 Giat Ind Sa MARKING COMPOSITION AND EXERCISE AMMUNITION IMPLEMENTING SUCH COMPOSITION
    DE102011107960B3 (en) * 2011-07-20 2012-03-22 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Ammunition, particularly blank ammunition, has projectile body which comprises projectile casing, where charge is held to be exploded in air
    DE102020004562B4 (en) 2020-07-28 2024-04-18 Franz Drexler Irritant cartridges 40 mm and 1.5 inches

    Family Cites Families (14)

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    US4187129A (en) * 1962-05-14 1980-02-05 Aerojet-General Corporation Gelled mechanically stable high energy fuel composition containing metal platelets
    DE1703313A1 (en) * 1968-04-30 1971-10-07 Dynamit Nobel Ag Initial ignition sets and device for dosing the same
    US3964393A (en) * 1974-06-21 1976-06-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Igniter
    FR2601945B1 (en) * 1986-07-25 1993-08-20 Mulleman Michel METHOD FOR PRODUCING A FIRE-FREE GEL, AND FIRE-RESISTANT GEL OBTAINED BY THIS PROCESS
    FR2610085B1 (en) * 1987-01-26 1989-05-12 Matra Manurhin Defense INFRARED TRANSMITTER, IN PARTICULAR FOR LURE USE, AND INFRARED LURE LAUNCHER CARTRIDGE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION
    FR2612287B1 (en) 1987-03-12 1993-09-10 France Etat Armement SMOKE PROJECTILE AND AMMUNITION THUS EQUIPPED
    US5062367A (en) 1988-12-05 1991-11-05 Nippon Koki, Co., Ltd. Air bag inflation gas generator
    SE463788B (en) * 1989-11-21 1991-01-21 Saab Missiles Ab PROJECTIL FOR DISTRIBUTING A LOAD IN THE FORM OF A PYROTECHNICAL CHARGE
    FR2669625B1 (en) 1990-11-22 1994-06-03 Giat Ind Sa EFFECTIVE MASKING MATERIAL IN THE INFRARED FIELD.
    US5104466A (en) 1991-04-16 1992-04-14 Morton International, Inc. Nitrogen gas generator
    DE4125355C1 (en) * 1991-07-31 1993-01-28 Buck Werke Gmbh & Co, 7347 Bad Ueberkingen, De
    US5123657A (en) * 1991-12-09 1992-06-23 Colt Larry D Arrow for use by a bow hunter for attracting game
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    FR2706202B1 (en) * 1993-06-08 1995-09-01 Lacroix E Tous Artifices Device for the simultaneous ejection of two fluids, in particular pyrotechnics.

    Also Published As

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    EP0774642A1 (en) 1997-05-21
    DE69608644T2 (en) 2000-09-21
    DE69608644D1 (en) 2000-07-06

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