EP0774098A1 - Procede et dispositif de combustion pour une combustion enrichie en oxygene - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de combustion pour une combustion enrichie en oxygene

Info

Publication number
EP0774098A1
EP0774098A1 EP95926030A EP95926030A EP0774098A1 EP 0774098 A1 EP0774098 A1 EP 0774098A1 EP 95926030 A EP95926030 A EP 95926030A EP 95926030 A EP95926030 A EP 95926030A EP 0774098 A1 EP0774098 A1 EP 0774098A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flue gas
stoker
oven
combustion
process according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP95926030A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Harmannus Christoffer Op 't Ende
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kema NV
Original Assignee
Kema NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kema NV filed Critical Kema NV
Publication of EP0774098A1 publication Critical patent/EP0774098A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B7/00—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus
    • F23B7/002—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus characterised by gas flow arrangements
    • F23B7/007—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus characterised by gas flow arrangements with fluegas recirculation to combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/002—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor characterised by their grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F23L7/007—Supplying oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
    • F23G2202/106—Combustion in two or more stages with recirculation of unburned solid or gaseous matter into combustion chamber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to combusting material, in particular waste, fuel or the like.
  • waste is mainly combusted in waste combustion installations with combustion air, wherein com- plete combustion of the waste is to be ensured for as much as is possible.
  • the PCT patent text WO 86/06151 introduces a process for combusting waste material, wherein, in order to prevent the formation of toxic organic matter and to reduce the NO-content of the flue gas, oxygen is supplied to the furnace in the place of at least a part of the combustion gas.
  • the present invention has as its object, to provide an improved combustion process, in particular combustion processes in ovens with moving parts, in particular stokers.
  • a process for combusting material such as waste, fuel or the like is provided, comprising the steps of:
  • the temperature in the stoker is controllable during combustion of material without deviation in the desired percentage of supplied oxygen being required.
  • the nitrogen pre ⁇ sent acts as a temperature regulator, because nitrogen behaves as an inert, non-combustible gas.
  • Increasing the amount of oxygen in the combustion gas means that the rela- tive amount of nitrogen falls, which in turn means that the inert fraction in the combustion air falls, whereby the temperature in the stoker rises.
  • Recirculation into the stoker of a part of the flue gas, formed during combustion of the material means that combustion can now be carried out with oxygen percentages in the combustion gas which are greater than 25 vol %, since the flue gas, which is also inert, replaces the inert nitrogen present in air, whereby the inert temperature regulator is provided which is needed for controllable combustion with oxygen enriched combustion air.
  • the invention furthermore concerns a combuster for carrying out the above described process, comprising
  • a material supply for supplying material to be burned, into a stoker
  • - moving means for moving the material through the stoker
  • first guiding means for guiding a primary combustion gas stream to the material
  • second guiding means for guiding flue gas from the material, out of the stoker
  • Figure l is a schematic diagram of a stoker accor ⁇ ding to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic reproduction of a comparative combustion process model without recirculation of flue gas.
  • Figure 3 is a comparative graph showing the temperature in the stoker (the furnace temperature) and amount of air at different oxygen percentages in the supplied primary combustion gas
  • Figure 4 is a schematic reproduction of a waste combustion installation model showing recirculation of the flue gas according to the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a graph showing recirculation of flue gas at different temperatures in the stoker (furnace temperature) as a function of the oxygen percentage in the primary combustion gas supplied,
  • Figure 6 is a graph showing the amount of flue gas as a function of the oxygen percentage in the supplied primary combustion gas when the temperature in the stoker (furnace temperature) is 1150°C and wherein the residue oxygen percentage in the flue gas is 6.5 vol %,
  • Figure 7 is a graph showing the volume fraction of the main components in the flue gas as a function of the oxygen percentage in the primary combustion gas supplied, wherein the residue oxygen percentage of the flue gas is 6.5 vol %,
  • Figure 8 is a graph showing the steam debit yielded and the boiler efficiency as a function of the oxygen percentage in the primary combustion gas supplied, according to the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a graph showing the energy components as a function of the oxygen percentage in the primary combustion gas supplied, according to the present invention.
  • Figure 10 shows a table, summarizing the research results.
  • the stoker 1, figure 1 comprises a hopper 2, through which waste, for example, is supplied onto a combustion grate 3 in the stoker, wherein a furnace 4 is situated.
  • the waste is transported through the furnace 4, for example by means of a series of downwardly inclining rollers 5 before the slag (not shown) is removed via a de- slagger 6.
  • Primary combustion gas (shown by arrows 7) is preferably guided into the furnace 4 from beneath the rollers 5 (in a manner not shown) in order to ensure an efficient continuous combustion and also cooling of the rollers 5.
  • the flue gas formed during combustion of the material is lead out of the furnace 4 via a flue gas ducting 8 to a boiler (not shown) .
  • a flue gas ducting 8 At least one part of this flue gas, the so called secondary flue gas, shown by arrows 9, is lead back to the furnace 4 in a manner not shown, either from the flue gas ducting 8 or from the boiler, or from any other suitable part of the installation.
  • This secondary flue gas is preferably guided by means of ventilators, not shown.
  • the secondary flue gas also acts to ensure mixing and complete combustion of the flue gas, resulting from the bur ⁇ ning waste and any unburned particles in the flue gas.
  • a good mixing of the combustion gasses is very important for low C ⁇ H ⁇ and CO-emissions, gasses which are harmful to the environment, for helping to obviate the reducing gas streams which cause corrosion problems in the installations and lessening of gas stream turbulence in the stoker, whereby fly ash (solid particles which are transported along with the flue gas) can be deposited, which can lead to blockage problems.
  • the flue gas is preferably scrubbed, before recycling takes place, in order to remove corrosion causing components such as chlorine compounds and acid components.
  • Filtering of the secondary flue gas ensures that contamination, overheating and blocking of the stoker is prevented.
  • at least one not shown ventilator is used in order to both guide and propel the secondary flue gas back to the stoker oven. This ventilator also contributes to the provision of the correct pressure, velocity, stream and mixing conditions necessary for optimum combustion.
  • the secondary flue gas can be guided in order to be directly mixed with the primary combustion gas.
  • the use of steam in order to pre-warm primary combustion gas is less necessary, whereby more steam is available for energy generation.
  • the secondary flue gas can be guided, in a manner not shown, along the not shown side walls of the stoker in order to cause a cooling effect and to prevent the burning of slag onto the side walls. This side wall cooling by means of the secondary flue gas, increases the life of the stoker.
  • a stoker needs to be able to be used for diffe- ring compositions of material to be combusted with a net heating value for example of between 6-15 MJ/kg and with differing sizes.
  • the combustion gasses should reach a temperature of at least 850°C for at least two seconds, in order to ensure complete combustion; the temperature should not rise above roughly 1,300°C in order to prevent melting of the slag formed in the stoker; and the flue gas expelled into the environment should have, according to legal requirements an oxygen content of at least 6 vol.%.
  • the cause of the increasing temperature in the furnace is the reduction in the amount of nitrogen present in the primary combustion air.
  • the maximum allowable furnace temperature, by waste combustion is about 1,300°C.
  • the following problems should be taken into consideration: a) melting of slag, whereby the installation can become blocked and heat transfer hindered. b) damage to the brick work and construction of the waste burning installation can occur. For instance, dependent on the type of brick work, this can melt at a temperature of above 1,400°C and due to the higher furnace temperatures accelerated erosion and corrosion can take place.
  • the amount of flue gas to be treated by the flue gas treatment decreases, whereby advantages in the treatment and consumption costs can be obtained.
  • the primary combustion gas and secondary flue gas result in an almost constant gas stream from the stoker.
  • Figure 7 shows the decrease of the volume fraction of nitrogen to zero as a result of the fact that no more nitrogen is supplied to the process, when 100% oxygen is used as the primary combustion gas. Since the percentage of nitrogen in the flue gas falls, the volume fraction of the other components in the flue gas, especially those of H 2 0 and C0 2 , increases. This yields the advantage that if the percentage of oxygen in the primary combustion gas is increased, whereby the percentage of nitrogen therein decreases, the volume percentage of damaging gasses produced, such as NO, N0 2 , N 2 0, N0 ⁇ which are environmental polluters, decreases. 4) With an increase in the volume fraction of the flue gas components, the condensation point of each component was taken into consideration.
  • the condensation point of water vapor is important. In the extreme case when the supplied primary combustion air consists of 100% oxygen, the flue gas will contain roughly 65 vol.% H 2 0. The partial pressure of the water vapor is then about 0 ,6 bar. The condensation point temperature belonging to this value is 86°C. Accordingly it has been concluded that the temperature of the flue gas should remain above the condensation point, particularly before wet scrubbing when the flue-gas comes into contact with the ventilators and so forth, unless measures are undertaken in order to fight corrosion.
  • the concentration in unwanted, corrosive material increases by recirculation of the flue gas.
  • the amount of unwanted, corrosive material delivered via the waste material remains unchanged, whilst the amount of flue gas delivered to the flue gas treatment decreases.
  • the flue gas flow to be treated amounts to 27% of the amount without recirculation.
  • the concentration in corrosive material amounts in this case to 1/0.27, which is 3.7 times the concentration in corrosive material without any recirculation.
  • the thermal energy loss via the chimney will reduce from about 6.2 to 2.1 MW on using oxygen enriched primary combustion gas.
  • the explanation for this reduction is the reduction in the amount of flue gas going to the flue gas treatment.
  • the flue gas losses have been calculated with the aid of the formula M*CP* ⁇ T.
  • the Cp-value of the flue gas, concentration values, will indeed increase, but this increase has less effect on the chimney losses than the reduction in the amount of flue gas.
  • furnace temperature can be easily programmed, so that the quality of the slag is impro ⁇ ved.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour assurer la combustion d'un matériau, tels que des déchets, du combustible ou similaire. Ce procédé consiste à: envoyer un matériau à brûler dans un four, doté de pièces en mouvement, en particulier, un four à chargeur automatique; introduire dans ce four automatique un courant de gaz de combustion primaire comprenant au moins 25 % en volume d'oxygène; brûler le matériau dans le four à une température prédéterminée, pendant une période de temps prédéterminée; guider le gaz brûlé formé pendant la combustion hors du four, et recycler une quantité prédéterminée de ce gaz brûlé, le gaz brûlé secondaire, renvoyé dans le four.
EP95926030A 1994-08-02 1995-07-28 Procede et dispositif de combustion pour une combustion enrichie en oxygene Ceased EP0774098A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL9401269 1994-08-02
NL9401269A NL9401269A (nl) 1994-08-02 1994-08-02 Werkwijze en verbrander voor het uitvoeren van met zuurstof verrijkte verbranding.
PCT/NL1995/000263 WO1996004507A1 (fr) 1994-08-02 1995-07-28 Procede et dispositif de combustion pour une combustion enrichie en oxygene

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0774098A1 true EP0774098A1 (fr) 1997-05-21

Family

ID=19864498

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95926030A Ceased EP0774098A1 (fr) 1994-08-02 1995-07-28 Procede et dispositif de combustion pour une combustion enrichie en oxygene

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0774098A1 (fr)
NL (1) NL9401269A (fr)
TW (1) TW291528B (fr)
WO (1) WO1996004507A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6532881B2 (en) 1999-06-10 2003-03-18 L'air Liquide - Societe' Anonyme A' Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation De Procedes Georges Claude Method for operating a boiler using oxygen-enriched oxidants
US6314896B1 (en) * 1999-06-10 2001-11-13 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method for operating a boiler using oxygen-enriched oxidants
DE102021006192A1 (de) * 2021-12-15 2023-06-15 Martin GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Verfahren zur Verbrennung von Abfall und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines derartigen Verfahrens

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3512810A1 (de) * 1985-04-10 1986-10-23 Dyckerhoff Engineering GmbH, 6200 Wiesbaden Verfahren und anlage zur verbrennung von abfallstoffen
US4932335A (en) * 1987-01-22 1990-06-12 Saarbergwerke Aktiengesellschaft Coal combustion with a fluidized incineration bed
DE3863549D1 (de) * 1987-10-16 1991-08-08 Reinhard Fischer Verfahren zur beseitigung von abfaellen durch verbrennen mit sauerstoff.
US5052310A (en) * 1991-01-22 1991-10-01 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Solid waste-to-steam incinerator capacity enhancement by combined oxygen enrichment and liquid quench
DE4103025A1 (de) * 1991-02-01 1992-08-06 Noell K & K Abfalltech Verfahren zur temperaturregulation in muellverbrennungsanlagen
US5309850A (en) * 1992-11-18 1994-05-10 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Incineration of hazardous wastes using closed cycle combustion ash vitrification
SG47890A1 (en) * 1993-04-20 1998-04-17 Martin Umwelt & Energietech Method for burning fuels particularly for incinerating garbage
DE4313102A1 (de) * 1993-04-22 1994-10-27 Sbw Sonderabfallentsorgung Bad Verfahren zum Reduzieren der Abgasmengen zur Eliminierung von NO¶x¶-Emissionen bei der Verbrennung, vorzugsweise bei der Abfallverbrennung
WO1994025801A1 (fr) * 1993-04-29 1994-11-10 Noell-Krc Umwelttechnik Gmbh Procede permettant de reduire le volume de fumees d'installations de combustion

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9604507A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1996004507A1 (fr) 1996-02-15
TW291528B (fr) 1996-11-21
NL9401269A (nl) 1996-03-01

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