EP0773846B1 - Device for producing compacts - Google Patents

Device for producing compacts Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0773846B1
EP0773846B1 EP95925708A EP95925708A EP0773846B1 EP 0773846 B1 EP0773846 B1 EP 0773846B1 EP 95925708 A EP95925708 A EP 95925708A EP 95925708 A EP95925708 A EP 95925708A EP 0773846 B1 EP0773846 B1 EP 0773846B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
punches
die
control system
punch
drives
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP95925708A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0773846A1 (en
Inventor
Rainer Link
Klaus Vossen
Matthias Holthausen
Norbert Nies
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Vodafone GmbH
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Mannesmann AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/08—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of toothed articles, e.g. gear wheels; of cam discs
    • B22F5/085—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of toothed articles, e.g. gear wheels; of cam discs with helical contours
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/08—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of toothed articles, e.g. gear wheels; of cam discs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/005—Control arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/02—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space
    • B30B11/04—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space co-operating with a fixed mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for the production of compacts with cylindrical main form elements and helical Secondary shaped elements according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a device for the production of compacts with cylindrical main form elements and helical Secondary shaped elements according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • it is the manufacture of helical gears Gears, where the helical teeth as secondary form elements can be seen.
  • a generic device is known from EP 0 528 761 A1 for the production of compacts, for example in the form of helical gears made of metal powder.
  • This well-known Metal powder press has a linearly movable upper piston, in which is rotatable about the longitudinal axis (lying in the pressing direction) Upper stamp is stored, and one against a lower stop also linearly movable lower piston, in which a lower punch is rotatably mounted. Furthermore, a die plate is provided, which forms the mold cavity and can also be moved linearly in the press cycle is.
  • the rotatable lower stamp and the rotatable upper stamp have one each with the tooth profile (helical toothing) of the Corresponding to the matrix shell (i.e. the mold space) Gear profile on.
  • the lower stamp is freely rotatable constantly engaged with the profile of the molding space and therefore rotates accordingly inevitable if it is too linear in the press cycle Relative movements between lower punch and die plate comes.
  • the upper punch during the press cycle one of the helical gears according to its depth of penetration corresponding rotational movement forced from the outside to the Friction between the outer surfaces of the upper punch and the mold space of the die.
  • a gear transmission is provided for this purpose, the one of the desired helical teeth of the compact appropriate mechanical backdrop control is driven.
  • the Backdrop control includes so-called backdrop cores, on the one hand rigidly connected to a guide plate and on the other hand positively and sliding in the coaxially arranged drive wheels of the Gear transmission are guided.
  • the Guide plate temporarily coupled to the die plate and moved together with this. For shaping the compact produced the so-called deduction procedure is applied.
  • the object of the invention is therefore a generic device to improve in such a way that the mentioned problem of friction also is solved satisfactorily with respect to the lower stamp, the required tool and changeover effort for the production different compacts should remain as low as possible.
  • An essential feature of the invention is that the shape of the helical secondary form elements of the compact to be produced directly involved upper and lower punches (e.g. with gears with several axially consecutive toothings can be made accordingly several lower or upper stamps may be required) in their movement in the Form space of the die are guided by an electronic control.
  • the rotational movement of the lower and upper stamps as a function of their depth of immersion in the mold space is therefore no longer achieved by a mechanical coupling of linear and rotary drive, i.e.
  • one embodiment of the invention provides that the axial and rotary movement of the punch is position-controlled he follows. To determine the respective axial and rotary Position are corresponding sensors (e.g.
  • the electronic control for the movement of the or Upper stamp can be set up so that the outside of the mold space Only a purely linear movement takes place and that the required rotational movement in the press cycle only with the Plunging into the mold space. In this case it is advisable the upper stamp or stamps with a comparatively soft springy Storage that is limited by a stop to provide for the Acceleration process when starting the rotary movement to provide sufficient time.
  • the position or Torque control only comes into force when the upper punch occurs drove the stop. This will damage the tool Avoid immersion.
  • Position control of the movement sequences is not always necessary to implement the invention.
  • the rotational movement sequences of the upper and lower punches take place with fixed, for example constant, torque values.
  • the rotary drives of the upper and lower punches are set in the pressing phase so that the tooth flanks of the punches and die casing touch as far as possible only on the side that otherwise lacks a rotary drive while the punches are retracted into the mold cavity would not be exposed to friction.
  • the torque applied from the outside thus acts in the direction of the rotational movement otherwise forced by the shape.
  • S is the tool game in the forehead cut. For a 30 ° toothing and a tool play of 0.03 mm results, for example ⁇ ⁇ 0.05 mm.
  • the Rotary drives can also be operated hydraulically. You can in some cases also be pneumatic. Especially Electromotive rotary drives are recommended, in particular electric stepper or servo motors.
  • the invention can be expedient in connection with a CNC-controlled powder press To run. It is particularly advantageous to the essential mechanical Parts of the device according to the invention (punch, die, rotary drives) to be designed as an interchangeable unit in the form of a tool adapter, to enable particularly short changeover times.
  • the invention has the great advantage that it can be used to manufacture e.g. helical gears with extremely low tool wear allows because the friction in the tooth flanks during the Press phase and also kept to a minimum during molding can be.
  • the conversion effort can also be compared to previously known Pressing tools can be significantly reduced because of the effect of rotary drives only program-technical precautions (none Production of backdrop cores) are required.
  • the The device according to the invention enables the production of pressed bodies, which have a significantly more uniform density distribution than this was previously possible.
  • This hydraulic press has a press frame 16, which with an upper piston 14 and a lower piston 15 is equipped. About in the In the middle of the press frame 16, a die 1 is stationary and non-rotatable stored. There is an upper punch 2 in the upper piston 14 and 15 in the lower piston a lower punch 3 each rotatably mounted.
  • the upper stamp 2 is through a biased spring 9, which the receiving device for the Upper punch 2 presses in the pressing direction against a fixed stop, against the pressing direction resiliently stored.
  • the spring force of the spring Deflection is limited by a stop is in any case significantly smaller than the maximum pressing force for each Tool, so that the upper stamp at the beginning of the Pressing stops.
  • the jacket of the die 1 and the two Stamps 2, 3 have mutually corresponding helical teeth on.
  • two measuring systems 10, 11 are provided, which e.g. as Incremental dipstick or linear potentiometer can be formed.
  • a rotary drive 5 or 7 e.g. electric servo motor
  • the stamps 2, 3 have measuring devices 12a, 13a for detecting the torsional moment that occurs.
  • the two Rotary drives 5, 7 are each via a spur gear with one of the two stamps 2 and 3 connected in terms of drive technology.
  • two servo proportional valves 4, 6 are provided for positioning of the two pistons 14, 15 of the press.
  • the press shown has one electronic control 8 (framed with dashed lines), which in itself is hierarchical and consists of a CNC main processor 21, each a control unit 19 or 20 for the linear movement of the upper piston 14 or the lower piston 15 and a control unit 17 or 18 for the rotary movement of the two stamps 2 and 3.
  • the Input / output unit of the CNC main processor 21 for control and The press is set up by the operating personnel at 22.
  • the IT linkage of the electronic components and sensors is symbolically represented by corresponding arrows.
  • the two control units 19, 20 are the CNC main processor 21 and Control units 17, 18 for the rotary movement as slave one of each two control units 19 and 20 for the linear piston movement subordinate.
  • the control unit 19 is in the example shown as Master subordinate to control unit 20 (submaster), i.e. that the Movement of the upper piston 14 and thus the movement of the upper punch 2 was used as a reference variable for the movement sequence.
  • the combined angle and torque measuring system 12 forms together with the Rotary drive 5 and the control unit 17 a closed control loop, the control unit 17 receiving its setpoint from the control unit 19 of the linear drive of the piston 14 according to its current from Position measuring system 10 receives the detected axial position.
  • the CNC main processor 21 takes over higher-level regulation and control functions as well as Processing of the default data for the part to be manufactured.
  • Inside the press frame 16 is by a dashed frame indicated which main functional parts of the device according to the invention in the form of a tool adapter to an easily replaceable, with Upper and lower pistons 14, 15 connectable unit can be summarized can.
  • the illustrated press works as follows:
  • the lower punch 3 After shaping a compact, the lower punch 3 becomes corresponding the helix angle of the helical gear to be manufactured below Use of the rotary drive 7 position-controlled due to the Position measuring system 11 and the angle measuring system 12 actual values determined in the filling position is lowered.
  • the lower stamp 3 remains in immersed the mold space of the die 1.
  • the upper stamp 3 is located above the molding space. After filling the mold space with steel powder is the upper stamp 2 by means of the control unit 19 based on the data of the Position measuring system 10 moved down in a position-controlled manner.
  • the angle measuring system 12 and Rotary drive 5 a coordinated rotary movement of the upper punch 2 initiated so that the relative rotational position of the upper punch 2 to Gearing contour of the mold space of the die 1 a non-contact Immersion of the upper punch 2 allowed in the molding space. That starts the actual pressing phase in which the introduced steel powder is compressed.
  • the rotary drives 7 and 5 for a Minimizing the friction between the punches 2, 3 and the die 1 to care.
  • the two angle measuring systems 12, 13 also as instrument clusters are set up to record the drive torque or alternatively also a position control of the rotary drive 5, 7 Torque control depending on the axial position of the punch 2, 3 take place.
  • the generated compact the drive system of the upper punch 2nd switched, d. H.
  • the upper punch 2 becomes linear and rotary position-controlled according to the contour of the compact from the Forming space moved out, with the lower piston 3 at the same time according to position-controlled driving upwards until its upper end face is flush with the top of the die 1, the Press body is thus exposed (ejection process).
  • the molding can be shaped in a targeted manner under a desired load being held.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Control Of Presses (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/DE95/00954 Sec. 371 Date Jan. 29, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date Jan. 29, 1997 PCT Filed Jul. 13, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO96/04087 PCT Pub. Date Feb. 15, 1996A device for producing pressed articles with a main cylindrically-shaped elements and secondary helically-shaped element from powdered material, especially powdered metal, with a female mold and with at least one top punch, which is supported so as to be rotatable about its longitudinal axis, and at least one bottom punch, which is supported so as to be rotatable about its longitudinal axis. The top and bottom punches are movable axially relative to the female mold by means of motor drives and the top punch, of which there is at least one, is driven in rotation about its longitudinal axis to achieve a helical movement in addition to its axial drive the bottom punch, of which there is at least one, is also driven in rotation. Rotary motor drives of the punches are mechanically uncoupled from the drives for the axial movement of the punches and may be regulated separately by an electronic control.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Preßkörpern mit zylinderförmigen Hauptformelementen und schraubenlinienförmigen Nebenformelementen gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1. Beispielsweise handelt es sich um die Herstellung schrägverzahnter Zahnräder, bei denen die Schrägverzahnung als Nebenformelemente anzusehen ist.The invention relates to a device for the production of compacts with cylindrical main form elements and helical Secondary shaped elements according to the preamble of claim 1. For example, it is the manufacture of helical gears Gears, where the helical teeth as secondary form elements can be seen.

Aus der EP 0 528 761 A1 ist eine gattungsgemäße Vorrichtung bekannt, die zur Herstellung von Preßkörpern beispielsweise in Form von schrägverzahnten Zahnrädern aus Metallpulver dient. Diese bekannte Metallpulverpresse weist einen linear verfahrbaren Oberkolben auf, in dem ein um die (in Preßrichtung liegende) Längsachse drehbarer Oberstempel gelagert ist, und einen gegen einen unteren Anschlag ebenfalls linear verfahrbaren Unterkolben, in dem ein Unterstempel drehbar gelagert ist. Weiterhin ist eine Matrizenplatte vorgesehen, die den Formhohlraum bildet und ebenfalls im Preßzyklus linear verfahrbar ist. Der drehbare Unterstempel und der drehbare Oberstempel weisen jeweils ein mit dem Verzahnungsprofil (Schrägverzahnung) des Matrizenmantels (d.h. des Formraums) korrespondierendes Verzahnungsprofil auf. Der frei drehbar gelagerte Unterstempel ist ständig mit dem Profil des Formraums im Eingriff und dreht sich daher entsprechend Zwangsläufig, wenn es im Preßzyklus zu linearen Relativbewegungen zwischen Unterstempel und Matrizenplatte kommt. Im Unterschied hierzu wird dem Oberstempel während des Preßzykluses entsprechend seiner Eindringtiefe eine der Schrägverzahnung entsprechende rotatorische Bewegung von außen aufgezwungen, um die Reibung zwischen den Mantelflächen des Oberstempels und des Formraums der Matrize zu vermindern. Hierzu ist ein Zahnradgetriebe vorgesehen, das über eine der gewünschten Schrägverzahnung des Preßkörpers entsprechende mechanische Kulissensteuerung angetrieben wird. Die Kulissensteuerung beinhaltet sogenannte Kulissenkerne, die einerseits mit einer Führungsplatte starr verbunden und andererseits formschlüssig und gleitend in den koaxial angeordneten Antriebsrädern des Zahnradgetriebes geführt sind. Während des Preßzyklusses wird die Führungsplatte zeitweilig fest an die Matrizenplatte angekoppelt und gemeinsam mit dieser bewegt. Zum Ausformen des erzeugten Preßkörpers wird das sogenannte Abzugsverfahren angewendet.A generic device is known from EP 0 528 761 A1 for the production of compacts, for example in the form of helical gears made of metal powder. This well-known Metal powder press has a linearly movable upper piston, in which is rotatable about the longitudinal axis (lying in the pressing direction) Upper stamp is stored, and one against a lower stop also linearly movable lower piston, in which a lower punch is rotatably mounted. Furthermore, a die plate is provided, which forms the mold cavity and can also be moved linearly in the press cycle is. The rotatable lower stamp and the rotatable upper stamp have one each with the tooth profile (helical toothing) of the Corresponding to the matrix shell (i.e. the mold space) Gear profile on. The lower stamp is freely rotatable constantly engaged with the profile of the molding space and therefore rotates accordingly inevitable if it is too linear in the press cycle Relative movements between lower punch and die plate comes. in the The difference is the upper punch during the press cycle one of the helical gears according to its depth of penetration corresponding rotational movement forced from the outside to the Friction between the outer surfaces of the upper punch and the mold space of the die. A gear transmission is provided for this purpose, the one of the desired helical teeth of the compact appropriate mechanical backdrop control is driven. The Backdrop control includes so-called backdrop cores, on the one hand rigidly connected to a guide plate and on the other hand positively and sliding in the coaxially arranged drive wheels of the Gear transmission are guided. During the press cycle the Guide plate temporarily coupled to the die plate and moved together with this. For shaping the compact produced the so-called deduction procedure is applied.

Diese bekannte Metallpulverpresse erfordert erheblichen mechanischen Bauaufwand und auch beträchtlichen Umrüstaufwand, da für jeden unterschiedlichen Preßkörper über den speziellen Werkzeugsatz (Matrize sowie Ober- und Unterstempel) hinaus auch ein dem Preßkörper entsprechender Satz an Kulissenkernen bereitgestellt und ausgewechselt werden muß. Hinzu kommt der Aufwand für die Führungsplatte und die maschinell betätigbare Verriegelungseinrichtung zur starren Ankopplung der Führungsplatte an die Matrizenplatte. Weiterhin ist anzumerken, daß das Reibungsproblem zwischen dem nicht von außen zwangsangetriebenen Unterstempel (hinsichtlich dessen Drehbewegung) und der Matrize nach wie vor besteht. Dies hat nicht nur in diesem Bereich erhöhten Werkzeugverschleiß zur Folge, sondern führt auch zu inhomogenen Dichteverteilungen im Preßkörper.This known metal powder press requires considerable mechanical Construction effort and also considerable conversion effort, as for everyone different press bodies using the special tool set (die as well as upper and lower punches) also the press body appropriate set of scenery cores provided and replaced must become. Add to that the effort for the guide plate and the machine-operated locking device for rigid coupling the guide plate to the die plate. It should also be noted that the problem of friction between the non-externally driven Lower stamp (with regard to its rotational movement) and the die as before before exists. This has not only increased in this area Tool wear results, but also leads to inhomogeneous density distributions in the compact.

Aus der Veröffentlichung

Figure 00030002
Quality control through process monitoring of rotary forming press
Figure 00030001
(Metal Powder Industries Federation, Band 6, 6. - 11. Mai 1994, S. 125 - 137) ist eine in ihren Bewegungen elektronisch gesteuerte Presse für das sog. Rotationspreßverfahren bekannt. Eine solche Presse dient zur Nachbehandlung von bereits gesinterten pulvermetallurgisch hergestellten Formkörpern, um diese auf eine Dichte im Bereich von 95 - 98 % der theoretisch möglichen Dichte des jeweiligen Materials zu bringen. Die spezielle Bauweise dieser Pressen ermöglicht die Erzeugung örtlich extrem hoher Preßdrücke im Preßwerkzeug bei vergleichsweise niedriger Gesamtpreßkraft der Presse. Hierzu wird ein taumend rotierendes Oberstempelwerkzeug eingesetzt, das örtlich begrenzt extrem hohe Druckkräfte auf das Werkstück aufbringen kann, um dieses gezielt zu verdichten. Es findet sich in dieser Veröffentlichung kein Hinweis darauf, zur Herstellung von Preßkörpern mit zylinderförmigen Hauptformelementen und schraubenlinienförmigen Nebenformelementen aus pulverförmigem Material die Bewegung der an der Formgebung der schraubenlinienförmigen Nebenformelemente des zu erzeugenden Preßkörpers unmittelbar beteiligten Ober- und Unterstempel im Formraum der Matrize durch die elektronische Steuerung zu führen. From the publication
Figure 00030002
Quality control through process monitoring of rotary forming press
Figure 00030001
(Metal Powder Industries Federation, Volume 6, May 6-11, 1994, pp. 125-137) a press which is electronically controlled in its movements is known for the so-called rotary press method. Such a press is used for the aftertreatment of molded articles which have already been sintered using powder metallurgy, in order to bring them to a density in the range from 95 to 98% of the theoretically possible density of the respective material. The special design of these presses enables the generation of extremely high press pressures in the press tool with a comparatively low overall press force. For this purpose, a swirling top punch tool is used, which can apply extremely high pressure forces to the workpiece in a locally limited manner in order to compact it in a targeted manner. There is no reference in this publication to the movement of the upper and lower punches directly involved in the shaping of the helical secondary shaped elements of the pressed body to be produced in the mold space of the die by the electronic control for the production of pressed bodies with cylindrical main shaped elements and helical secondary shaped elements made of powdery material respectively.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, eine gattungsgemäße Vorrichtung dahingehend zu verbessern, daß die erwähnte Reibungsproblematik auch hinsichtlich des Unterstempels befriedigend gelöst wird, wobei der erforderliche Werkzeug- und Umrüstaufwand für die Herstellung unterschiedlicher Preßkörper möglichst niedrig bleiben soll.The object of the invention is therefore a generic device to improve in such a way that the mentioned problem of friction also is solved satisfactorily with respect to the lower stamp, the required tool and changeover effort for the production different compacts should remain as low as possible.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe bei einer gattungsgemäßen Vorrichtung durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen 2 bis 15 angegeben.This object is achieved by a generic device the characterizing features of claim 1. Advantageous Further developments of the invention are in subclaims 2 to 15 specified.

Wesentliches Merkmal der Erfindung ist es, daß die an der Formgebung der schraubenlinienförmigen Nebenformelemente des zu erzeugenden Preßkörpers unmittelbar beteiligten Ober- und Unterstempel (z.B. bei Zahnrädern mit mehreren axial hintereinanderliegenden Verzahnungen können entsprechend mehrere Unter- oder Oberstempel erforderlich sein) in ihrer Bewegung im Formraum der Matrize durch eine elektronische Steuerung geführt sind. Die rotatorische Bewegung der Unter-und Oberstempel in Abhängigkeit von ihrer Eintauchtiefe in den Formraum erfolgt also nicht mehr durch eine mechanische Kopplung von linearem und rotatorischem Antrieb, d.h. nicht mehr allein durch das Reiben der Stempelkontur am Matrizermantel wie bei dem die eine Breitseite formenden Unterstempel der Presse gemäß EP 0 528 761 A1 oder durch mechanisches Abtasten eines Kulissenkerns wie bei dem die andere Breitseite formenden Oberstempel dieser bekannten Presse, sondern wird durch einen elektronisch geregelten separaten (mechanisch entkoppelten) Drehantrieb sichergestellt. Das bedeutet, daß die während der linearen Bewegung gleichzeitig stattfindende Drehbewegung (entsprechend der Steigung der schraubenlinienförmigen Nebenformelemente) mit einer Genauigkeit erfolgen muß, die innerhalb des Werkzeugspiels der Verzahnung (zwischen den Stempeln und der Matrize) liegt. Dementsprechend sieht eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung vor, daß die axiale und rotatorische Bewegung der Stempel positionsgeregelt erfolgt. Zur Ermittlung der jeweiligen axialen und rotatorischen Position sind entsprechende Sensoren (z.B. Linearpotentiometer oder Inkrementalmeßstäbe für die lineare Bewegung bzw. Drehwinkelgeber für die Rotation) vorzusehen. in diesem Zusammenhang ist anzumerken, daß zweckmäßigerweise die Matrize ortsfest in der verwendeten Pulverpresse gehalten wird und Ober- und Unterstempel linear und rotatorisch bewegt werden. Es sind aber auch selbstverständlich Abwandlungen im Sinne einer kinematischen Umkehr möglich, indem beispielsweise die Matrize drehfest gehalten, aber wie bei der Presse gemäß EP 0 528 761 A1 linear mitbewegt wird, wobei der Unterstempel ortsfest, aber drehbewegt ist, während der Oberstempel linear und rotatorsich bewegt wird. Grundsätzlich könnte auch die Matrize rotatorisch bewegt werden. Dieser Fall kann zusätzlich zu einer Rotierbarkeit des oder der Unter- und Oberstempel sinnvoll sein, wenn z.B. Mehrfachzahnräder, also Preßkörper mit mehreren axial hintereinander liegenden, unterschiedlich breiten Verzahnungen (oder mit unterschiedlichem Schrägungswinkel) erzeugt werden sollen. Zusätzlich zu den erwähnten Unter- und Oberstempeln können in bekannter Weise auch Kernstempel vorgesehen werden, die mittels Hilfsantrieben bewegt werden können und beispielsweise zur Ausbildung einer Nabe an einem Zahnrad dienen, damit das Zahnrad auf eine Welle aufgezogen werden kann.An essential feature of the invention is that the shape of the helical secondary form elements of the compact to be produced directly involved upper and lower punches (e.g. with gears with several axially consecutive toothings can be made accordingly several lower or upper stamps may be required) in their movement in the Form space of the die are guided by an electronic control. The rotational movement of the lower and upper stamps as a function of their depth of immersion in the mold space is therefore no longer achieved by a mechanical coupling of linear and rotary drive, i.e. Not more simply by rubbing the stamp contour on the die jacket like in which the lower stamp forming a broadside according to the press EP 0 528 761 A1 or by mechanical scanning of a link core such as in which the upper side of this well-known stamp forms the other broadside Press, but is controlled by an electronically separate (mechanically decoupled) rotary drive ensured. It means that the one taking place simultaneously during the linear movement Rotary motion (according to the slope of the helical Secondary form elements) with an accuracy that must be within the Tool play of the gearing (between the punches and the die) lies. Accordingly, one embodiment of the invention provides that the axial and rotary movement of the punch is position-controlled he follows. To determine the respective axial and rotary Position are corresponding sensors (e.g. linear potentiometer or Incremental measuring rods for linear movement or rotary encoder for the rotation). in this context it should be noted that expediently the die is stationary in the powder press used is held and the upper and lower punches moved linearly and rotationally will. Of course, there are also variations in the sense of a Kinematic reversal possible, for example, by rotating the die held, but moved linearly as in the press according to EP 0 528 761 A1 is, the lower stamp is stationary but rotated during the The upper punch is moved linearly and rotatably. Basically, could the die can also be rotated. This case can be additional to make the lower and upper stamps rotatable be if e.g. Multiple gears, i.e. compacts with several axially successive, differently wide gears (or with different helix angle) are to be generated. In addition to the mentioned lower and upper stamps can also in a known manner Core stamps are provided, which are moved by means of auxiliary drives can and for example to form a hub on a gear serve so that the gear can be mounted on a shaft.

Die elektronische Steuerung für den Bewegungsablauf des oder der Oberstempel kann so eingerichtet sein, daß außerhalb des Formraums der Matrize nur eine rein lineare Bewegung stattfindet und daß die erforderliche Rotationsbewegung im Preßzyklus erst unmittelbar mit dem Eintauchen in den Formraum einsetzt. In diesem Fall empfiehlt es sich, den oder die Oberstempel mit einer vergleichsweise weichen federnden Lagerung, die durch einen Anschlag begrenzt ist, zu versehen, um für den Beschleunigungsvorgang beim Starten der rotarischen Bewegung einen ausreichenden Zeitraum zur Verfügung zu stellen. Die Positions- bzw. Drehmomentregelung tritt erst dann in Kraft, wenn der Oberstempel auf den Anschlag gefahren ist. Damit wird eine Werkzeugbeschädigung beim Eintauchen vermieden.The electronic control for the movement of the or Upper stamp can be set up so that the outside of the mold space Only a purely linear movement takes place and that the required rotational movement in the press cycle only with the Plunging into the mold space. In this case it is advisable the upper stamp or stamps with a comparatively soft springy Storage that is limited by a stop to provide for the Acceleration process when starting the rotary movement to provide sufficient time. The position or Torque control only comes into force when the upper punch occurs drove the stop. This will damage the tool Avoid immersion.

Zur Durchführung der Erfindung ist eine Positionsregelung der Bewegungsabläufe nicht immer erforderlich. Alternativ oder zusätzlich zur Positionsregelung kann auch vorgesehen sein, daß die rotatorischen Bewegungsabläufe der Ober- und Unterstempel (relativ zur Matrize) mit fest vorgegebenen, beispielsweise zeitlich konstanten Drehmomentwerten erfolgen. Die Drehantriebe der Ober- und Unterstempel werden dabei in der Preßphase so eingestellt, daß die Zahnflanken von Stempeln und Matrizenmantel sich möglichst weitgehend nur auf der Seite berühren, die bei Fehlen eines Rotationsantriebs während des Einfahrens der Stempel in den Formraum der Matrize sonst einer unmittelbaren gegenseitigen Reibung nicht ausgesetzt wären. Das von außen aufgebrachte Drehmoment wirkt also in Richtung der sonst durch die Form erzwungenen Drehbewegung. In Abwandlung hierzu kann es auch zweckmäßig sein, die Drehmomente der Rotationsantriebe in Abhängigkeit von der aktuell erreichten Preßkraft oder der erreichten Eintauchtiefe (axiale Position) der Stempel zu regeln, d.h. mit zunehmender Preßkraft zu steigern. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, das Torsionsmoment an den Stempeln zu messen und das Antriebsdrehmoment gerade auf einen solchen Wert einzustellen, bei dem die Reibungsverluste im Lager- und Antriebssystem kompensiert werden. Das bedeutet, daß das Torsionsmoment an den Stempeln dann gegen Null geht. Es empfiehlt sich, die Drehantriebe der Stempel im allerletzten Abschnitt × der Preßphase, d.h. kurz vor Erreichen der Preßendstellung vollständig abzuschalten, um Risse durch Torsionsspannungen zu vermeiden. Bei einem Schrägungswinkel β der Verzahnung muß dieser Abschnitt × folgende Bedingung erfüllen: × ≤ s . cot β Position control of the movement sequences is not always necessary to implement the invention. As an alternative or in addition to the position control, it can also be provided that the rotational movement sequences of the upper and lower punches (relative to the die) take place with fixed, for example constant, torque values. The rotary drives of the upper and lower punches are set in the pressing phase so that the tooth flanks of the punches and die casing touch as far as possible only on the side that otherwise lacks a rotary drive while the punches are retracted into the mold cavity Would not be exposed to friction. The torque applied from the outside thus acts in the direction of the rotational movement otherwise forced by the shape. In a modification of this, it can also be expedient to regulate the torques of the rotary drives as a function of the pressing force currently achieved or the immersion depth (axial position) of the punches achieved, ie to increase them with increasing pressing force. It is particularly advantageous to measure the torsional moment on the punches and to set the drive torque to such a value that the friction losses in the bearing and drive system are compensated for. This means that the torsional moment on the punches then goes to zero. It is advisable to switch off the rotary drives of the punches completely in the very last section × of the pressing phase, ie shortly before the end of the pressing has been reached, in order to avoid cracks caused by torsional stresses. With a helix angle β of the toothing, this section × must meet the following condition: × ≤ s. cot β

Dabei ist s das Werkzeugspiel im Stirnschnitt. Für eine 30 °-Verzahnung und ein Werkzeugspiel von 0,03 mm ergibt sich somit beispielsweise × ≤ 0,05 mm.S is the tool game in the forehead cut. For a 30 ° toothing and a tool play of 0.03 mm results, for example × ≤ 0.05 mm.

Das Ausformen des erzeugten Preßkörpers nach dem Ausstoßverfahren kann zwar im Grundsatz ohne Einschaltung von Drehantrieben vorgenommen werden. Es empfiehlt sich jedoch, hierbei die Drehantriebe in (teilweise) entsprechend umgekehrter Weise wie für den Verdichtungsvorgang einzusetzen. Dies gewährleistet eine größtmögliche Schonung des Werkzeugs und des Preßlings.The molding of the pressed body produced after the ejection process can made in principle without the use of rotary actuators will. However, it is recommended that the rotary drives in (partially) in the opposite way to that for the Use compression process. This ensures the greatest possible Protection of the tool and the compact.

Für die lineare Bewegung der Ober- und Unterstempel (bzw. der ggf. bewegten Matrize) sollten Hydraulikantriebe eingesetzt werden. Die Rotationsantriebe können ebenfalls hydraulisch betätigt sein. Sie können in manchen Fällen auch pneumatisch ausgebildet sein. Besonders empfehlenswert sind elektromotorische Drehantriebe, insbesondere elektrische Schritt- oder Servomotoren. Die Erfindung läßt sich zweckmäßig in Verbindung mit einer CNC-gesteuerten Pulverpresse ausführen. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, die wesentlichen mechanischen Teile der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung (Stempel, Matrize, Drehantriebe) als austauschbare Einheit in Form eines Werkzeugadapters zu gestalten, um besonders kurze Umrüstzeiten zu ermöglichen.For the linear movement of the upper and lower punches (or the moving die), hydraulic drives should be used. The Rotary drives can also be operated hydraulically. You can in some cases also be pneumatic. Especially Electromotive rotary drives are recommended, in particular electric stepper or servo motors. The invention can be expedient in connection with a CNC-controlled powder press To run. It is particularly advantageous to the essential mechanical Parts of the device according to the invention (punch, die, rotary drives) to be designed as an interchangeable unit in the form of a tool adapter, to enable particularly short changeover times.

Die Erfindung hat den großen Vorteil, daß sie die Herstellung z.B. schrägverzahnter Zahnräder unter extrem geringem Werkzeugverschleiß ermöglicht, da die Reibung im Bereich der Zahnflanken während der Preßphase und auch während des Ausformens auf ein Minimum begrenzt werden kann. Der Umrüstaufwand kann ebenfalls gegenüber bisher bekannten Preßwerkzeugen wesentlich vermindert werden, da zur Bewirkung der rotatorischen Antriebe lediglich programmtechnische Vorkehrungen (keine Anfertigung von Kulissenkernen) erforderlich sind. Dies führt darüber hinaus, wenn die jeweilige Pulverpresse in üblicher Weise zur Herstellung einer Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Preßkörper vorgesehen ist, trotz des für die Drehantriebe und die Meß- und Regeltechnik erforderlichen Mehraufwandes zu substanziellen Investitionskosteneinsparungen. Schließlich ist hervorzuheben, daß die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung die Herstellung von Preßkörpern ermöglicht, die eine deutlich gleichmäßigere Dichteverteilung aufweisen, als dies bisher möglich war.The invention has the great advantage that it can be used to manufacture e.g. helical gears with extremely low tool wear allows because the friction in the tooth flanks during the Press phase and also kept to a minimum during molding can be. The conversion effort can also be compared to previously known Pressing tools can be significantly reduced because of the effect of rotary drives only program-technical precautions (none Production of backdrop cores) are required. This leads to it addition, if the respective powder press in the usual way Production of a variety of different pressed bodies is provided despite that for the rotary drives and the measurement and control technology necessary additional effort to substantial Investment cost savings. Finally, it should be emphasized that the The device according to the invention enables the production of pressed bodies, which have a significantly more uniform density distribution than this was previously possible.

Anhand des in der einzigen Figur schematisch im Aufriß dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels einer Metallpulverpresse wird die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung nachfolgend näher erläutert.Using the one shown schematically in elevation in the single figure The embodiment of a metal powder press is the one according to the invention Device explained in more detail below.

Diese hydraulische Presse weist einen Pressenrahmen 16 auf, der mit einem Oberkolben 14 und einem Unterkolben 15 bestückt ist. Etwa in der Mitte des Pressenrahmens 16 ist eine Matrize 1 orts- und drehfest gelagert. Im Oberkolben 14 ist ein Oberstempel 2 und im Unterkolben 15 ein Unterstempel 3 jeweils drehbar gelagert. Der Oberstempel 2 ist durch eine vorgespannte Feder 9, die die Aufnahmevorrichtung für den Oberstempel 2 in Preßrichtung gegen einen festen Anschlag drückt, gegen die Preßrichtung nachgiebig gelagert. Die Federkraft der Feder, deren Einfederung durch einen Anschlag begrenzt ist, ist in jedem Fall deutlich kleiner als die maximal auftretende Preßkraft für das jeweilige Werkzeug, so daß der Oberstempel möglichst schon zu Beginn des Preßvorgangs auf Anschlag steht. Der Mantel der Matrize 1 und die beiden Stempel 2, 3 weisen eine miteinander korrespondierende Schrägverzahnung auf. Zur hochgenauen Ermittlung der jeweiligen linearen Position der beiden Kolben 14, 15 und somit auch der damit verbundenen Stempel 2 bzw. 3 sind zwei Wegmeßsysteme 10, 11 vorgesehen, die z.B. als Inkrementalmeßstab oder Linearpotentiometer ausgebildet sein können. An den beiden Kolben 14, 15 ist jeweils ein Drehantrieb 5 bzw. 7 befestigt (z.B. elektrischer Servomotor), dessen aktuelle Drehwinkelstellung mittels eines kombinierten Winkel- und Drehmomentenmeßsystems 12 bzw. 13 fortlaufend erfaßbar ist. Die Stempel 2, 3 verfügen über Meßeinrichtungen 12a, 13a zur Erfassung des auftretenden Torsionsmomentes. Die beiden Drehantriebe 5, 7 sind jeweils über ein Stirnradgetriebe mit einem der beiden Stempel 2 bzw. 3 antriebstechnisch verbunden. Zur Positionierung der beiden Kolben 14, 15 der Presse sind zwei Servoproportionalventile 4, 6 vorgesehen. Schließlich weist die dargestellte Presse noch eine elektronische Steuerung 8 (gestrichelt eingerahmt) auf, die in sich hierarchisch aufgebaut ist und aus einem CNC-Hauptprozessor 21, jeweils einer Regeleinheit 19 bzw. 20 für die lineare Bewegung des Oberkolbens 14 bzw. des Unterkolbens 15 und jeweils einer Regeleinheit 17 bzw. 18 für die Drehbewegung der beiden Stempel 2 bzw. 3 besteht. Die Ein-/Ausgabeeinheit des CNC-Hauptprozessors 21 zur Steuerung und Einrichtung der Presse durch das Bedienpersonal ist mit 22 bezeichnet. Die informationstechnische Verknüpfung der elektronischen Baueinheiten und Sensoren ist durch entsprechende Pfeile symbolisch dargestellt. Die beiden Regeleinheiten 19, 20 sind dem CNC-Hauptprozessor 21 und die Regeleinheiten 17, 18 für die Drehbewegung als slave jeweils einer der beiden Regeleinheiten 19 bzw. 20 für die lineare Kolbenbewegung untergeordnet. Die Regeleinheit 19 ist im dargestellten Beispiel als Master der Regeleinheit 20 (Submaster) untergeordnet, d.h. daß die Bewegung des Oberkolbens 14 und damit die Bewegung des Oberstempels 2 als Führungsgröße für den Bewegungsablauf zugrunde gelegt wurde. Das kombinierte Winkel- und Drehmomentmeßsystem 12 bildet zusammen mit dem Drehantrieb 5 und der Regeleinheit 17 einen geschlossenen Regelkreis, wobei die Regeleinheit 17 ihren Sollwert jeweils von der Regeleinheit 19 des Linearantriebs des Kolbens 14 entsprechend dessen aktueller vom Wegmeßsystem 10 erfaßten axialen Position erhält. Entsprechendes gilt für die funktionsgleichen Baueinheiten für den Antrieb des Unterstempels 3, wobei dessen lineare Position in Abhängigkeit von der linearen Position des Oberstempels 2 geregelt wird. Der CNC-Hauptprozessor 21 übernimmt übergeordnete Regel- und Kontrollfunktionen sowie die Verarbeitung der Vorgabedaten für das jeweils herzustellende Teil. Innerhalb des Pressenrahmens 16 ist durch eine gestrichelte Umrahmung angedeutet, welche Hauptfunktionsteile der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in Form eines Werkzeugadapters zu einer leicht auswechselbaren, mit Ober- und Unterkolben 14, 15 verbindbaren Baueinheit zusammengefaßt sein können.This hydraulic press has a press frame 16, which with an upper piston 14 and a lower piston 15 is equipped. About in the In the middle of the press frame 16, a die 1 is stationary and non-rotatable stored. There is an upper punch 2 in the upper piston 14 and 15 in the lower piston a lower punch 3 each rotatably mounted. The upper stamp 2 is through a biased spring 9, which the receiving device for the Upper punch 2 presses in the pressing direction against a fixed stop, against the pressing direction resiliently stored. The spring force of the spring Deflection is limited by a stop is in any case significantly smaller than the maximum pressing force for each Tool, so that the upper stamp at the beginning of the Pressing stops. The jacket of the die 1 and the two Stamps 2, 3 have mutually corresponding helical teeth on. For the highly precise determination of the respective linear position of the two pistons 14, 15 and thus also the associated stamp 2 or 3 two measuring systems 10, 11 are provided, which e.g. as Incremental dipstick or linear potentiometer can be formed. On the two pistons 14, 15 are each fastened to a rotary drive 5 or 7 (e.g. electric servo motor), its current angle of rotation position by means of a combined angle and torque measuring system 12 or 13 is continuously recordable. The stamps 2, 3 have measuring devices 12a, 13a for detecting the torsional moment that occurs. The two Rotary drives 5, 7 are each via a spur gear with one of the two stamps 2 and 3 connected in terms of drive technology. For positioning of the two pistons 14, 15 of the press are two servo proportional valves 4, 6 provided. Finally, the press shown has one electronic control 8 (framed with dashed lines), which in itself is hierarchical and consists of a CNC main processor 21, each a control unit 19 or 20 for the linear movement of the upper piston 14 or the lower piston 15 and a control unit 17 or 18 for the rotary movement of the two stamps 2 and 3. The Input / output unit of the CNC main processor 21 for control and The press is set up by the operating personnel at 22. The IT linkage of the electronic components and sensors is symbolically represented by corresponding arrows. The two control units 19, 20 are the CNC main processor 21 and Control units 17, 18 for the rotary movement as slave one of each two control units 19 and 20 for the linear piston movement subordinate. The control unit 19 is in the example shown as Master subordinate to control unit 20 (submaster), i.e. that the Movement of the upper piston 14 and thus the movement of the upper punch 2 was used as a reference variable for the movement sequence. The combined angle and torque measuring system 12 forms together with the Rotary drive 5 and the control unit 17 a closed control loop, the control unit 17 receiving its setpoint from the control unit 19 of the linear drive of the piston 14 according to its current from Position measuring system 10 receives the detected axial position. The same applies for the functionally identical units for driving the lower punch 3, its linear position depending on the linear Position of the upper punch 2 is regulated. The CNC main processor 21 takes over higher-level regulation and control functions as well as Processing of the default data for the part to be manufactured. Inside the press frame 16 is by a dashed frame indicated which main functional parts of the device according to the invention in the form of a tool adapter to an easily replaceable, with Upper and lower pistons 14, 15 connectable unit can be summarized can.

Die Arbeitsweise der dargestellten Presse ist wie folgt:The illustrated press works as follows:

Nach Ausformen eines Preßkörpers wird der Unterstempel 3 entsprechend dem Schrägungswinkel des herzustellenden schrägverzahnten Zahnrads unter Einsatz des Drehantriebs 7 positionsgeregelt aufgrund der durch das Wegmeßsystem 11 und das Winkelmeßsystem 12 festgestellten Istwerte in die Füllstellung nach unten gefahren. Der Unterstempel 3 bleibt dabei in den Formraum der Matrize 1 eingetaucht. Der Oberstempel 3 befindet sich oberhalb des Formraums. Nach Befüllung des Formraums mit Stahlpulver wird der Oberstempel 2 mittels der Regeleinheit 19 anhand der Daten des Wegmeßsystems 10 positionsgeregelt nach unten gefahren. Gleichzeitig wird über die Regeleinheit 17, das Winkelmeßsystem 12 und den Drehantrieb 5 eine koordinierte Drehbewegung des Oberstempels 2 eingeleitet, so daß die relative Drehstellung des Oberstempels 2 zur Verzahnungskontur des Formraums der Matrize 1 ein berührungsloses Eintauchen des Oberstempels 2 in den Formraum gestattet. Damit beginnt die eigentliche Preßphase, in der das eingebrachte Stahlpulver verdichtet wird. Hierzu werden bei ortsfest bleibender Matrize 1 gleichzeitig der Unterkolben 3 und der Oberkolben 2 gegensinnig in den Formraum hineingefahren, wobei die Drehantriebe 7 bzw. 5 für eine Minimierung der Reibung zwischen den Stempeln 2, 3 und der Matrize 1 sorgen. Da die beiden Winkelmeßsysteme 12, 13 als Kombiinstrumente auch zur Erfassung des Antriebsdrehmoments eingrichtet sind, kann zusätzlich oder alternativ zur Positionsregelung des Drehantriebs 5, 7 auch eine Drehmomentregelung in Abhängigkeit von der axialen Position der Stempel 2, 3 erfolgen. Nach Erreichen der Preßendstellung wird zum Ausformen des erzeugten Preßkörpers das Antriebssystem des Oberstempels 2 umgeschaltet, d. h. der Oberstempel 2 wird linear und rotatorisch positionsgeregelt entsprechend der Kontur des Preßkörpers aus dem Formraum herausgefahren, wobei gleichzeitig der Unterkolben 3 ebenfalls entsprechend positionsgeregelt weiter nach oben gefahren wird, bis seine obere Stirnfläche bündig mit der Oberseite der Matrize 1 steht, der Preßkörper also freigelegt ist (Ausstoßverfahren). Während des Ausformens kann der Preßkörper gezielt unter einer gewünschten Auflast gehalten werden.After shaping a compact, the lower punch 3 becomes corresponding the helix angle of the helical gear to be manufactured below Use of the rotary drive 7 position-controlled due to the Position measuring system 11 and the angle measuring system 12 actual values determined in the filling position is lowered. The lower stamp 3 remains in immersed the mold space of the die 1. The upper stamp 3 is located above the molding space. After filling the mold space with steel powder is the upper stamp 2 by means of the control unit 19 based on the data of the Position measuring system 10 moved down in a position-controlled manner. At the same time is via the control unit 17, the angle measuring system 12 and Rotary drive 5 a coordinated rotary movement of the upper punch 2 initiated so that the relative rotational position of the upper punch 2 to Gearing contour of the mold space of the die 1 a non-contact Immersion of the upper punch 2 allowed in the molding space. That starts the actual pressing phase in which the introduced steel powder is compressed. For this, if the die remains stationary, 1 simultaneously the lower piston 3 and the upper piston 2 in opposite directions in the Retracted molding space, the rotary drives 7 and 5 for a Minimizing the friction between the punches 2, 3 and the die 1 to care. Since the two angle measuring systems 12, 13 also as instrument clusters are set up to record the drive torque or alternatively also a position control of the rotary drive 5, 7 Torque control depending on the axial position of the punch 2, 3 take place. After reaching the press end position, the generated compact the drive system of the upper punch 2nd switched, d. H. the upper punch 2 becomes linear and rotary position-controlled according to the contour of the compact from the Forming space moved out, with the lower piston 3 at the same time according to position-controlled driving upwards until its upper end face is flush with the top of the die 1, the Press body is thus exposed (ejection process). During the The molding can be shaped in a targeted manner under a desired load being held.

Claims (15)

  1. Device for producing compacts with cylindrical main shaped elements and helical secondary shaped elements from pulverulent material, in particular from metal powder, with a die (1) and with at least one upper punch (2), which is rotatably mounted about its longitudinal axis, and at least one lower punch (3), which is rotatably mounted about its longitudinal axis, wherein the punches (upper punch (2) and lower punch (3)) can be displaced axially relative to the die (1) by a motor drive, and the upper punch (2), of which there is at least one, is driven in a rotational manner about its longitudinal axis in addition to its axial drive in order to achieve a helical movement, characterised in that an electronic control system (8) is provided, that the lower punch (3), of which there is at least one, is likewise driven in a rotational manner, and that the rotary motor drives of the punches (2, 3) are in each case mechanically uncoupled from the drives for the axial movement of the punches (2, 3) and can be regulated separately by the control system (8), wherein the upper and lower punches directly involved in the shaping of the helical secondary shaped elements of the compact to be produced are guided in their movement in the cavity of the die by the electronic control system.
  2. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the control system (8) is adapted such that the penetration of the upper punch (2), of which there is at least one, into the cavity of the die (1) takes place with position regulation with regard to the axial and the rotational movement.
  3. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the control system (8) is adapted such that the upper punch (2), of which there is at least one, is only moved in linear fashion (i.e. without a rotational movement) until it penetrates the cavity of the die (1), and that the upper punch (2), of which there is at least one, is axially spring-mounted (spring mounting 9).
  4. Device according to claim 2, characterised in that the control system (8) is adapted such that the rotational movements of the punches (2, 3) during the compacting process take place with position regulation.
  5. Device according to one of claims 2 to 3, characterised in that the control system (8) is adapted such that the rotational movements of the punches (2, 3) during the compacting process take place with predetermined torque values.
  6. Device according to claim 5, characterised in that the control system (8) is adapted such that the torque values are in each case regulated in accordance with the actual pressing force, the actual torsional moment or the axial position of the punches (2, 3) concerned.
  7. Device according to claim 5, characterised in that the control system (8) is adapted such that the rotational movements of the punches (2, 3) in each case take place with a torque value which is constant in time.
  8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the control system (8) is adapted such that the rotational drives of the punches (2, 3) are turned off shortly before the end pressing position is reached according to the helix angle of the helix and the tool clearance between the respective upper punch (2) and lower punch (3) on the one hand and the die (1) on the other.
  9. Device according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterised in that the control system (8) is adapted such that the rotational movements of the punches (2, 3) for filling the die (1) and removing the compact take place in control terms in a manner partly reversed accordingly with respect to the compacting process (ejection method).
  10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the axial drives of the punches (2, 3) are hydraulic.
  11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that hydraulic or pneumatic drives are provided for the rotational movements.
  12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that electric motor drives (5, 6), in particular electric stepping or servomotors, are provided for the rotational movements.
  13. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that it is part of a CNC-controlled powder press.
  14. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterised in that its mechanical parts (1, 2, 3) form a tool adapter which can be inserted in a press.
  15. Device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the die (1) is rigidly mounted.
EP95925708A 1994-08-02 1995-07-13 Device for producing compacts Expired - Lifetime EP0773846B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE4428842 1994-08-02
DE4428842A DE4428842C1 (en) 1994-08-02 1994-08-02 Device for the production of compacts
PCT/DE1995/000954 WO1996004087A1 (en) 1994-08-02 1995-07-13 Device for producing compacts

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EP0773846A1 EP0773846A1 (en) 1997-05-21
EP0773846B1 true EP0773846B1 (en) 1998-08-26

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US (1) US5906837A (en)
EP (1) EP0773846B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4331793B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1074699C (en)
AT (1) ATE170115T1 (en)
DE (3) DE4428842C1 (en)
ES (1) ES2120218T3 (en)
RU (1) RU2113940C1 (en)
WO (1) WO1996004087A1 (en)

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CN1154082A (en) 1997-07-09
US5906837A (en) 1999-05-25
JP4331793B2 (en) 2009-09-16
WO1996004087A1 (en) 1996-02-15
RU2113940C1 (en) 1998-06-27
JP2002500701A (en) 2002-01-08
DE59503369D1 (en) 1998-10-01
CN1074699C (en) 2001-11-14
EP0773846A1 (en) 1997-05-21
DE4428842C1 (en) 1996-01-18
ATE170115T1 (en) 1998-09-15
DE29509762U1 (en) 1995-09-21
ES2120218T3 (en) 1998-10-16

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