EP0773306A1 - Stainless ferritic steel, suitable for producing steel wool - Google Patents

Stainless ferritic steel, suitable for producing steel wool Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0773306A1
EP0773306A1 EP96402088A EP96402088A EP0773306A1 EP 0773306 A1 EP0773306 A1 EP 0773306A1 EP 96402088 A EP96402088 A EP 96402088A EP 96402088 A EP96402088 A EP 96402088A EP 0773306 A1 EP0773306 A1 EP 0773306A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
steel
calcium
wool
oxygen
inclusions
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Granted
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EP96402088A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0773306B1 (en
Inventor
Pascal Terrien
Claude Bioteau
Pierre Pedarre
Bernadette Sicoli
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Ugitech SA
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Ugine Savoie SA
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/60Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12431Foil or filament smaller than 6 mils

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a ferritic stainless steel usable for the production of steel wool.
  • Steel wool is obtained by a technique called shaving.
  • Steel wool is produced on a shaving installation from a steel wire wound in one or more layers of contiguous son on cylinders driven in rotation.
  • a layer of contiguous threads passes over cutting tools which will produce chips constituting the wool.
  • the depth of cut which corresponds to the thickness of the chip is determined by the force of support of the tool on the ply of wires.
  • the wire running speed on the tools which corresponds to a cutting speed, is of the order of 30 meters per minute for shaving stainless steel wires and 50 meters per minute for shaving mild steel wires .
  • the shavings which form the wool are driven towards the front of the installation where they are wound on a sleeve.
  • the invention aims to provide a steel which, in the form of wire, can be used for shaving operations for the manufacture of steel wool.
  • the invention also relates to a wire for the production of steel wool, wire obtained by wire drawing and which contains inclusions of the anorthite and / or pseudo-wollastonite and / or gehlenite and / or tridymite type.
  • Figure 1 is a diagram showing an installation for the production of steel wool.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram, in perspective, of a winding forming a lower ply and an upper ply of an installation.
  • Figure 1 shows a diagram of a shaving installation 1.
  • the size of installation 1 is of the order of 10 meters in length, 3 meters in width and 2 meters in height.
  • the steel wire 2 intended for shaving is wound in sheets 3, between two cylinders 4 driven in rotation.
  • a sheet 3 is made up of approximately 15 contiguous wires 2.
  • Each of the layers 3 moves on cutting tools 5 called combs, which produce chips 6 constituting the fibers of steel wool.
  • the chips 6 forming the steel wool fibers are driven towards the front of the installation and wound on a sleeve 7 for recovering the wool.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram, in perspective, of a winding forming a lower ply 3 and an upper ply 3.
  • the lower ply 3 passes over tools 5 in the form of a knife, placed substantially perpendicular to the movement of the wires 2.
  • the tools 5 are made of high-speed steel and have, in draft, ridges whose spacing defines a grade of steel wool or the width of the chips 6.
  • the speed of travel of the wire 2 between the cylinders 4, which corresponds to the cutting speed of the tools 5, is between 30 and 50 meters per minute, a speed which must remain relatively low to avoid the heating of fine wool shavings 6 of steel.
  • the depth of the shaving pass is provided by the force of support of the tools 5 on the plies 3 of wires 2. It is this force which defines the thickness of the chip.
  • the thickness of the chips 6 is generally less than 50 micrometers, knowing that it is commonly used, about 20 micrometers.
  • the width of the chips 6, depending on the cutting tool 5 or comb is commonly about 50 to 70 micrometers. These dimensions ultimately remain of the same order of magnitude as those of the inclusions as presented in Table 3. It is not uncommon for steel in the form of wire to have inclusions having a width of approximately 15 micrometers, the majority having a width of between 5 and 15 micrometers.
  • the wire being subjected to the shaving operation in the direction of its length, it is indeed the width of the inclusions that must be considered, the length having little influence on the ability to shave.
  • it is therefore preferable to have a wire comprising elongated inclusions, which is confirmed by the following exemplary embodiments.
  • the quality of the wool according to the criteria listed above is defined, on monitoring sheets, by qualifiers of the type: recommended, not recommended, rejected.
  • the steel according to the invention may also contain titanium, tantalum, zirconium, niobium which improve the resistance to oxidation.
  • the introduction of molybdenum into the composition of the steel improves the corrosion resistance and the heat resistance.
  • the steel according to the invention produced in the form of a wire has deformed inclusions after rolling and drawing, inclusions whose width is less than 5 micrometers, the inclusions being lime aluminosilicates of the anorthite and / or pseudo-wollastonite type and / or gehlenite and / or tridymite.
  • the mechanical properties of steel ensure good quality of the steel wool fiber.
  • the steel is suitable for machining of the shaving type at low cutting speed.
  • carbon is an element which tends to stabilize the austenitic phase compared to the ferritic phase.
  • this element is very slightly soluble in ferrite at room temperature. Given the high value of carbon diffusion coefficient in the matrix of the centered cubic type of ferrite, it follows that unless the concentration of this element is lowered below very low contents, it is very difficult to limit precipitation of chromium carbides at room temperature.
  • these chromium carbides divert the use of chromium and are surrounded by zones depleted in chromium. The material therefore sees its corrosion resistance degraded. It may be better to lower the carbon content to less than 0.08%.
  • carbon increases the mechanical characteristics of steel, and, for certain applications, the carbon content can reach 0.2%.
  • the fact of having low calcium and oxygen contents, while respecting the Ca / O ratio makes it possible to obtain an excellent behavior of the steel in shaving. It was noted that the presence of more than 30.10 -4 % of calcium and more than 70.10 -4 % of oxygen was also favorable. It is thus possible to avoid extensive deoxidation during the production of the steel, provided however of having a Ca / O ratio of between 0.2 and 0.7.
  • Table 1 shows 6 steels, three of which are reference steels, steels A, B, C, being steels according to the invention. TABLE 1 steel ref 1 steel ref 2 steel ref 3 steel A steel B steel C carbon% 0.040 0.038 0.037 0.042 0.036 0.039.
  • the comparison between the reference steels 1, 2 and 3, presented above and the steels A, B, C, according to the invention shows that the inclusions naturally obtained, after production of the reference steel and its forming in the form of wire for shaving, are very wide. In addition, they are by nature hard and abrasive.
  • the inclusions contained in the shaving wire according to the invention are elongated, their width is significantly smaller than the inclusions contained in the reference steels. This elongation of the inclusions reflects a low flow stress of said inclusions and therefore a reduced hardness compared to that of the reference steels.
  • Table 4 highlights the productivity gains in steel wool made by the use of the steels according to the invention.
  • the weight per meter of wool is significantly higher with the steels according to the invention and the thickness of the residual yarn is lower, which reduces the losses of raw material.
  • the tools used for shaving reference steels have rapid wear compared to the wear of the tools used for shaving steels according to the invention.
  • the wool is of better quality when it is obtained by shaving the steels according to the invention.
  • inclusions of the Al2O3-SiO2 - CaO type satisfy, from the point of view of element contents, the Ca / O ratio which is between 0.2 and 0.7. It can also be noted, in the analysis of the characteristics in Table 2, that high mechanical characteristics tend to improve the shaving ability of steels.
  • the invention does not consist in introducing into the steel a quantity of inclusions of a certain type but consists in the production of a steel containing inclusions inherent in its production, the inclusions reduced in number being, according to the invention, inclusions of lime aluminosilicates.
  • the invention consists mainly in a modification of the nature of the residual oxide inclusions, without seeking an increase in their density, so as to obtain, after rolling and drawing, residual inclusions of small width.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)

Abstract

Ferritic stainless steel for making wire wool comprises 11-30 wt.% chromium, up to the following levels of other elements - 0.2% carbon, 2% silicon, 2% manganese, 1% nickel and 0.030% sulphur and also at least 0.0015% calcium and at least 0.0040% oxygen, the ratio of Ca to O being in the range 0.2-0.7. Also claimed are wire made by drawing the steel and wire wool made by shaving the wires.

Description

La présente invention concerne un acier inoxydable ferritique utilisable pour la production de laine d'acier.The present invention relates to a ferritic stainless steel usable for the production of steel wool.

La laine d'acier est obtenue par une technique appelée rasage. La laine d'acier est élaborée sur une installation de rasage à partir d'un fil d'acier enroulé en une ou plusieurs nappes de fils jointifs sur des cylindres entraînés en rotation. Une nappe de fils jointifs passe sur des outils de coupe qui vont produire des copeaux constituant la laine. La profondeur de passe qui correspond à l'épaisseur du copeau est déterminée par la force d'appui de l'outil sur la nappe de fils.Steel wool is obtained by a technique called shaving. Steel wool is produced on a shaving installation from a steel wire wound in one or more layers of contiguous son on cylinders driven in rotation. A layer of contiguous threads passes over cutting tools which will produce chips constituting the wool. The depth of cut which corresponds to the thickness of the chip is determined by the force of support of the tool on the ply of wires.

La vitesse de défilement du fil sur les outils, qui correspond à une vitesse de coupe, est de l'ordre de 30 mètres par minute pour le rasage de fils en acier inoxydable et de 50 mètres par minute pour le rasage de fils en acier doux.The wire running speed on the tools, which corresponds to a cutting speed, is of the order of 30 meters per minute for shaving stainless steel wires and 50 meters per minute for shaving mild steel wires .

Les copeaux qui forment la laine sont entraînés vers l'avant de l'installation où ils sont enroulés sur un manchon.The shavings which form the wool are driven towards the front of the installation where they are wound on a sleeve.

La qualité de la laine est évaluée en fonction de critères comme par exemple:

  • la quantité de freintes: les freintes sont les débris ou copeaux qui ne sont pas entraînés par la nappe de laine d'acier, copeaux trop courts qui tombent en dessous de l'installation et qui sont ramassés régulièrement par l'opérateur pour le suivi quantitatif et qualitatif de l'installation. Il est donc nécessaire d'obtenir lors du rasage, des copeaux longs qui ne se fragmentent pas.
  • la qualité de la laine: Elle est appréciée au toucher et par son aspect visuel. Une laine de bonne qualité est homogène et douce. La présence de copeaux épais due par exemple à l'usure d'outils lui donne un aspect hétérogène et une consistance moins agréable. La surveillance de l'opérateur est primordiale car à tout moment, il peut modifier la pression des outils sur les nappes de fils.
The quality of the wool is evaluated according to criteria such as for example:
  • the quantity of shrinkage: the shrinkage is the debris or chips that are not entrained by the steel wool sheet, too short chips that fall below the installation and that are picked up regularly by the operator for quantitative monitoring and quality of the installation. It is therefore necessary to obtain long shavings which do not fragment during shaving.
  • wool quality: It is appreciated by touch and by its visual appearance. Good quality wool is homogeneous and soft. The presence of thick shavings due for example to tool wear gives it a heterogeneous appearance and a less pleasant consistency. Monitoring the operator is essential because at any time, he can modify the pressure of the tools on the wire layers.

L'invention à pour but de proposer un acier qui, mis sous forme de fil, peut être utilisé pour des opérations de rasage destinées à la fabrication de laine d'acier.The invention aims to provide a steel which, in the form of wire, can be used for shaving operations for the manufacture of steel wool.

L'invention à pour objet un acier inoxydable ferritique utilisable pour la production de laine d'acier. Il se caractérise en la composition pondérale suivante :

  • carbone ≤ 0,2%,
  • silicium ≤ 2%;
  • manganèse ≤ 2%,
  • 11% ≤ chrome ≤ 30%,
  • nickel ≤ 1 %,
  • soufre ≤0,030 %,
  • calcium ≥ 15 10-4 %,
  • oxygène ≥ 40 10-4 %,
la teneur en calcium et oxygène satisfaisant la relation suivante :
0,2 ≤ Ca/O ≤ 0,7.
  • l'acier a de préférence la composition pondérale suivante:
    • carbone ≤ 0,08%,
    • silicium ≤ 1%;
    • manganèse ≤ 2%,
    • 15% ≤ chrome ≤ 19%,
    • nickel ≤ 1%,
    • soufre ≤ 0,030%,
    • calcium ≥ 15 10-4 %,
    • oxygène ≥ 40 10-4%,
    la teneur en calcium et oxygène satisfaisant la relation suivante :
    0,2 ≤ Ca/O ≤ 0,7.
    • l'acier a de préférence la composition pondérale suivante:
      • carbone ≤ 0,1%,
      • silicium ≤ 1%;
      • manganèse ≤ 2 %,
      • 20% ≤ chrome ≤ 28%,
      • nickel ≤ 1%,
      • soufre ≤ 0,030%,
      • calcium ≥ 15 10-4 %,
      • oxygène ≥ 40 10-4%,
      la teneur en calcium et oxygène satisfaisant la relation suivante :
      0,2 ≤ Ca/O ≤ 0,7.
The subject of the invention is a ferritic stainless steel which can be used for the production of steel wool. It is characterized by the following weight composition:
  • carbon ≤ 0.2%,
  • silicon ≤ 2%;
  • manganese ≤ 2%,
  • 11% ≤ chromium ≤ 30%,
  • nickel ≤ 1%,
  • sulfur ≤0.030%,
  • calcium ≥ 15 10 -4 %,
  • oxygen ≥ 40 10- 4 %,
the calcium and oxygen content satisfying the following relationship:
0.2 ≤ Ca / O ≤ 0.7.
  • the steel preferably has the following weight composition:
    • carbon ≤ 0.08%,
    • silicon ≤ 1%;
    • manganese ≤ 2%,
    • 15% ≤ chromium ≤ 19%,
    • nickel ≤ 1%,
    • sulfur ≤ 0.030%,
    • calcium ≥ 15 10 -4 %,
    • oxygen ≥ 40 10 -4 %,
    the calcium and oxygen content satisfying the following relationship:
    0.2 ≤ Ca / O ≤ 0.7.
    • the steel preferably has the following weight composition:
      • carbon ≤ 0.1%,
      • silicon ≤ 1%;
      • manganese ≤ 2%,
      • 20% ≤ chromium ≤ 28%,
      • nickel ≤ 1%,
      • sulfur ≤ 0.030%,
      • calcium ≥ 15 10 -4 %,
      • oxygen ≥ 40 10 -4 %,
      the calcium and oxygen content satisfying the following relationship:
      0.2 ≤ Ca / O ≤ 0.7.

Les autres caractéristiques de l'acier sont:

  • l'acier comprend dans sa composition pondérale:
    • calcium ≥ 30 10-4 %,
    • oxygène ≥70 10-4%,
  • les teneurs en calcium et oxygène satisfaisont la relation suivante :0,3 ≤ Ca/O ≤ 0,6.
  • la composition contient, en outre, moins de 3% de molybdène.
  • la composition contient en outre moins de 1% des éléments titane, tantale, zirconium, niobium pris seuls ou en combinaison.
The other characteristics of steel are:
  • steel includes in its weight composition:
    • calcium ≥ 30 10 -4 %,
    • oxygen ≥70 10 -4 %,
  • the calcium and oxygen contents satisfy the following relationship: 0.3 ≤ Ca / O ≤ 0.6.
  • the composition also contains less than 3% molybdenum.
  • the composition also contains less than 1% of the elements titanium, tantalum, zirconium, niobium taken alone or in combination.

L'invention concerne également un fil pour la production de laine d'acier, fil obtenu par tréfilage et qui contient des inclusions de type anorthite et/ou pseudo-wollastonite et/ou gehlénite et/ou tridymite.The invention also relates to a wire for the production of steel wool, wire obtained by wire drawing and which contains inclusions of the anorthite and / or pseudo-wollastonite and / or gehlenite and / or tridymite type.

La description qui suit et les figures annexées, le tout donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif fera bien comprendre l'invention.The following description and the appended figures, all given by way of nonlimiting example will make the invention better understood.

La figure 1 est un schéma représentant une installation pour la production de laine d'acier.Figure 1 is a diagram showing an installation for the production of steel wool.

La figure 2 est un schéma, en perspective, d'un enroulement formant une nappe inférieure et une nappe supérieure d'une installation.FIG. 2 is a diagram, in perspective, of a winding forming a lower ply and an upper ply of an installation.

La figure 1 présente un schéma d'une installation 1 de rasage. Par exemple, la taille de l'installation 1 est de l'ordre de 10 mètres de longueur de 3 mètres de largeur et de 2 mètres de hauteur. Le fil 2 d'acier destiné au rasage est enroulé en nappes 3, entre deux cylindres 4 entraînés en rotation. Une nappe 3 est contituée d'environ 15 fils 2 jointifs.Figure 1 shows a diagram of a shaving installation 1. For example, the size of installation 1 is of the order of 10 meters in length, 3 meters in width and 2 meters in height. The steel wire 2 intended for shaving is wound in sheets 3, between two cylinders 4 driven in rotation. A sheet 3 is made up of approximately 15 contiguous wires 2.

Chacune des nappes 3 se déplace sur des outils 5 de coupe appelés peignes, qui produisent des copeaux 6 constituant les fibres de la laine d'acier.Each of the layers 3 moves on cutting tools 5 called combs, which produce chips 6 constituting the fibers of steel wool.

Les copeaux 6 formant les fibres de la laine d'acier sont entraînés vers l'avant de l'installation et enroulés sur un manchon 7 de récupération de la laine.The chips 6 forming the steel wool fibers are driven towards the front of the installation and wound on a sleeve 7 for recovering the wool.

La figure 2 est un schéma, en perspective, d'un enroulement formant une nappe 3 inférieure et une nappe 3 supérieure. La nappe 3 inférieure passe sur des outils 5 en forme de couteau, placés sensiblement perpendiculairement au mouvement des fils 2 . Les outils 5 sont en acier rapide est comportent, en dépouille, des stries dont l'espacement définit un grade de laine d'acier ou encore la largeur des copeaux 6 .FIG. 2 is a diagram, in perspective, of a winding forming a lower ply 3 and an upper ply 3. The lower ply 3 passes over tools 5 in the form of a knife, placed substantially perpendicular to the movement of the wires 2. The tools 5 are made of high-speed steel and have, in draft, ridges whose spacing defines a grade of steel wool or the width of the chips 6.

La vitesse de défilement du fil 2 entre les cylindres 4, qui correspond à la vitesse de coupe des outils 5, est comprise entre 30 est 50 mètres par minute, vitesse qui doit rester relativement faible pour éviter l'échauffement des fins copeaux 6 de laine d'acier.The speed of travel of the wire 2 between the cylinders 4, which corresponds to the cutting speed of the tools 5, is between 30 and 50 meters per minute, a speed which must remain relatively low to avoid the heating of fine wool shavings 6 of steel.

La profondeur de passe du rasage est assurée par la force d'appui des outils 5 sur les nappes 3 de fils 2. C'est cette force qui définit l'épaisseur du copeau. L'épaisseur des copeaux 6 est en général inférieure à 50 micromètres, sachant qu'elle est de manière courante, d'environ 20 micromètres. La largeur des copeaux 6, fonction de l'outil 5 de coupe ou peigne est communément d'environ 50 à 70 micromètres. Ces dimensions restent finalement du même ordre de grandeur que celles des inclusions comme présentées sur le tableau 3 . Il n'est pas rare que l'acier sous forme de fil présente des inclusions ayant une largeur d'environ 15 micromètres, la majorité ayant une largeur comprise entre 5 et 15 micromètres.The depth of the shaving pass is provided by the force of support of the tools 5 on the plies 3 of wires 2. It is this force which defines the thickness of the chip. The thickness of the chips 6 is generally less than 50 micrometers, knowing that it is commonly used, about 20 micrometers. The width of the chips 6, depending on the cutting tool 5 or comb is commonly about 50 to 70 micrometers. These dimensions ultimately remain of the same order of magnitude as those of the inclusions as presented in Table 3. It is not uncommon for steel in the form of wire to have inclusions having a width of approximately 15 micrometers, the majority having a width of between 5 and 15 micrometers.

Le fil étant soumis à l'opération de rasage dans le sens de sa longueur, c'est bien la largeur des inclusions qu'il faut considérer, la longueur ne devant que peu influer sur l'aptitude au rasage. Pour une même quantité d'inclusions, il faut donc préférablement un fil comportant des inclusions allongées, ce qui est confirmé par les exemples de réalisation qui suivent.The wire being subjected to the shaving operation in the direction of its length, it is indeed the width of the inclusions that must be considered, the length having little influence on the ability to shave. For the same quantity of inclusions, it is therefore preferable to have a wire comprising elongated inclusions, which is confirmed by the following exemplary embodiments.

Pour un homme du métier, la qualité de la laine selon les critères énumérés ci-dessus est définie, sur des fiches de suivi, par des qualificatifs du type: recommandé, déconseillé, rejeté.For a person skilled in the art, the quality of the wool according to the criteria listed above is defined, on monitoring sheets, by qualifiers of the type: recommended, not recommended, rejected.

Il semble que la qualité de la laine soit liée à la nature et à la forme des inclusions contenus dans l'acier des fils.It seems that the quality of wool is linked to the nature and shape of the inclusions contained in the steel of the threads.

Il est connu des aciers à usinabilité améliorée pour décolletage utilisant des outils en carbure revêtus travaillant à des vitesses de coupe de l'ordre de 200 mètres par minute. Le décolletage est l'usinage de barres de petit diamètre, ce qui induit des limitations notamment pour les vitesses de coupe.Steels with improved machinability for bar turning are known, using coated carbide tools working at cutting speeds of the order of 200 meters per minute. Bar turning is the machining of small diameter bars, which induces limitations in particular for cutting speeds.

Le comportement de ces aciers de décolletage est attaché aux caractéristiques des inclusions, inclusions qui, déformées par l'usinage et soumises à une élévation de température à la pointe de l'outil de coupe, assurent, du fait de leur ramollissement, une lubrification à l'interface métal - outil, un refroidissement dudit outil, ainsi qu'une fragmentation des copeaux de décolletage. Dans ce domaine d'application les copeaux issus de l'usinage doivent être courts et fragmentés pour assurer leur évacuation, l'usinage étant effectué à grande vitesse.The behavior of these free-cutting steels is attached to the characteristics of the inclusions, inclusions which, deformed by machining and subjected to a rise in temperature at the tip of the cutting tool, ensure, due to their softening, lubrication at the metal - tool interface, cooling of said tool, as well as fragmentation of free-cutting chips. In this field of application, the shavings from machining must be short and fragmented to ensure their removal, the machining being carried out at high speed.

Dans le domaine de la production de la laine d'acier, il est constaté que l'acier inoxydable ferritique selon l'invention de composition pondérale suivante:

  • carbone ≤ 0,2 %,
  • silicium ≤ 2 %;
  • manganèse ≤ 2 %,
  • 11% ≤ chrome ≤ 30 %,
  • nickel ≤ 1%,
  • soufre ≤ 0,030 %,
  • calcium ≥ 15 10-4 %,
  • oxygène ≥ 40 10-4%,
la teneur en calcium et oxygène satisfaisant la relation :
0,2 ≤ Ca/O ≤ 0,7, donne une laine d'acier de qualité améliorée tant du point de vue de l'aspect de la fibre que du point de vue productibilité.In the field of steel wool production, it has been found that ferritic stainless steel according to the invention has the following weight composition:
  • carbon ≤ 0.2%,
  • silicon ≤ 2%;
  • manganese ≤ 2%,
  • 11% ≤ chromium ≤ 30%,
  • nickel ≤ 1%,
  • sulfur ≤ 0.030%,
  • calcium ≥ 15 10 -4 %,
  • oxygen ≥ 40 10 -4 %,
the calcium and oxygen content satisfying the relationship:
0.2 ≤ Ca / O ≤ 0.7, gives a steel wool of improved quality both from the point of view of the appearance of the fiber and from the point of view of producibility.

L'acier selon l'invention peut contenir en outre du titane, tantale, zirconium, niobium qui améliorent la résistance à l'oxydation. L'introduction de molybdène dans la composition de l'acier améliore la résistance à la corrosion et la tenue à chaud.The steel according to the invention may also contain titanium, tantalum, zirconium, niobium which improve the resistance to oxidation. The introduction of molybdenum into the composition of the steel improves the corrosion resistance and the heat resistance.

L'acier selon l'invention, élaboré sous forme de fil présente des inclusions déformées après laminage et tréfilage, inclusions dont la largeur est inférieure à 5 micromètres, les inclusions étant des aluminosilicates de chaux de type anorthite et/ou pseudo-wollastonite et/ou gehlénite et/ou tridymite.The steel according to the invention, produced in the form of a wire has deformed inclusions after rolling and drawing, inclusions whose width is less than 5 micrometers, the inclusions being lime aluminosilicates of the anorthite and / or pseudo-wollastonite type and / or gehlenite and / or tridymite.

Les caractéristiques de l'acier du point de vue mécanique comme par exemple la cohésion entre les inclusions et la matrice dudit acier assurent une bonne qualité de la fibre pour laine d'acier. D'autre part, l'acier est adapté pour un usinage du type rasage à faible vitesse de coupe.
Du point de vue de la composition, le carbone est un élément qui a tendance à stabiliser la phase austénitique par rapport à la phase ferritique. En outre cet élément est très peu soluble dans la ferrite à température ambiante. Compte tenu de la valeur élevée de coefficient de diffusion du carbone dans la matrice du type cubique centré de la ferrite, il en résulte qu'à moins de baisser la concentration de cet élément en dessous de teneurs très faibles, il est très difficile de limiter la précipitation de carbures de chrome, à température ambiante. En parallèle, ces carbures de chrome détournent l'utilisation du chrome et sont entourés de zones appauvries en chrome. Le matériau voit donc sa résistance à la corrosion dégradée. Il peut être préférable de baisser la teneur en carbone à moins de 0,08%.
Cependant, le carbone augmente les caractéristiques mécaniques de l'acier, et, pour certaines applications, la teneur en carbone peut atteindre 0,2%.
Le fait d'avoir de basses teneurs en calcium et oxygène, en respectant le rapport Ca/O permet d'obtenir un excellent comportement de l'acier au rasage. Il a été remarqué que la présence de plus de 30.10-4% de calcium et plus de 70.10-4% d'oxygène était également favorable. Il est ainsi possible d'éviter une désoxydation poussée au cours de l'élaboration de l'acier, à condition cependant d'avoir un rapport Ca/O compris entre 0,2 et 0,7.
Les aciers ayant de 15 à 19% de chrome sont largement utilisée et donnent satisfaction dans des applications courantes. Ils peuvent être améliorés, notamment du point de vue de la corrosion inter granulaire, par l'ajout d'éléments tels que le titane, le niobium, le zirconium. Une autre voie d'amélioration, efficace mais coûteuse, consiste à augmenter la teneur en chrome. La résistance à la corrosion caverneuse et par piqûre est très améliorée quand les teneurs en chrome sont comprises entre 20 et 30%.
The mechanical properties of steel, such as the cohesion between the inclusions and the matrix of said steel, ensure good quality of the steel wool fiber. On the other hand, the steel is suitable for machining of the shaving type at low cutting speed.
From the composition point of view, carbon is an element which tends to stabilize the austenitic phase compared to the ferritic phase. In addition, this element is very slightly soluble in ferrite at room temperature. Given the high value of carbon diffusion coefficient in the matrix of the centered cubic type of ferrite, it follows that unless the concentration of this element is lowered below very low contents, it is very difficult to limit precipitation of chromium carbides at room temperature. In parallel, these chromium carbides divert the use of chromium and are surrounded by zones depleted in chromium. The material therefore sees its corrosion resistance degraded. It may be better to lower the carbon content to less than 0.08%.
However, carbon increases the mechanical characteristics of steel, and, for certain applications, the carbon content can reach 0.2%.
The fact of having low calcium and oxygen contents, while respecting the Ca / O ratio makes it possible to obtain an excellent behavior of the steel in shaving. It was noted that the presence of more than 30.10 -4 % of calcium and more than 70.10 -4 % of oxygen was also favorable. It is thus possible to avoid extensive deoxidation during the production of the steel, provided however of having a Ca / O ratio of between 0.2 and 0.7.
Steels with 15 to 19% chromium are widely used and are satisfactory in common applications. They can be improved, in particular from the point of view of inter granular corrosion, by the addition of elements such as titanium, niobium, zirconium. Another way of improving, effective but expensive, is to increase the chromium content. The resistance to cavernous and pitting corrosion is greatly improved when the chromium contents are between 20 and 30%.

Le tableau 1 présente 6 aciers dont trois sont des aciers de référence, les aciers A, B, C, étant des aciers selon l'invention. TABLEAU 1 acier ref 1 acier ref 2 acier ref 3 acier A acier B acier C carbone % 0,040 0,038 0,037 0,042 0,036 0,039. - silicium % 0,37 0,36 0,45 0,38 0,36 0,39 - manganèse % 0,39 0,41 0,32 0,37 0,40 0,35 - nickel % 0,21 0,028 0,42 0,31 0,24 0,17 - chrome % 16,4 16,4 16,4 16,3 16,4 16,3 - molybdène % 0,94 0,76 0,6 0,93 0,72 0,81 - cuivre % 0,09 0,30 0,15 0,27 0,10 0,08 - azote 10-4% 45 58 42 53 39 48 - soufre 10-4% 131 182 192 172 105 121 - calcium 10-4 % <2 <2 54 24 16 55 - oxygène 10-4% 65 45 75 85 51 120 - Ca/O 0 0 0,72 0,28 0,31 0,46 Le tableau 2 présente les caractéristiques mécaniques des aciers cités ci dessus, lesdits aciers pour rasage étant mis sous la forme de fil de 3,1 mm de diamètre. TABLEAU 2 acier ref 1 acier ref 2 acier ref 3 acier A acier B acier C Rm (MPa) 966 1045 1070 1021 960 1015 Rp0,2 (MPa) 860 948 800 839 880 754 Z % 62 65 36 64 40 35 Le tableau 3 résume la nature inclusionnaire des aciers de la description. TABLEAU 3 Inclusions oxydes largeur (µm) Nature des oxydes majoritaires. acier ref 1 5 à 15 Al2O3-SiO2-CrO3-MnO + Al2O3-MgO acier ref 2 5 à 15 Al2O3-MgO acier ref 3 3 à 8 ( globulaires ) CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 acier A <à 2 Al2O3-SiO2-CaO acier B <à 2 Al2O3-SiO2-CaO acier C <à 2 Al2O3-SiO2-CaO Le tableau 4 résume des caractéristiques obtenue dans des opérations de rasage effectuées avec les aciers de référence et les aciers selon l'invention, ainsi que l'appréciation de la qualité de la laine. TABLEAU 4 Poids au mètre pour ép. usure Aspect Appréciation 1h 3h 5h 8h résid peigne laine acier ref 1 90 92 95 100 75/80 Mauvais mauvais à rejeter acier ref 2 100 105 106 115 70/75 Mauvais moyen déconseillé acier ref 3 110 112 113 118 69/72 Mauvais moyen déconseillé acier A 145 147 149 150 65/68 Normal Bon recommandé acier B 130 132 135 137 70/72 Normal Bon recommandé acier C 151 152 152 154 45/50 Bon bon recommandé Table 1 shows 6 steels, three of which are reference steels, steels A, B, C, being steels according to the invention. TABLE 1 steel ref 1 steel ref 2 steel ref 3 steel A steel B steel C carbon% 0.040 0.038 0.037 0.042 0.036 0.039. - silicon% 0.37 0.36 0.45 0.38 0.36 0.39 - manganese% 0.39 0.41 0.32 0.37 0.40 0.35 - nickel% 0.21 0.028 0.42 0.31 0.24 0.17 - chromium% 16.4 16.4 16.4 16.3 16.4 16.3 - molybdenum% 0.94 0.76 0.6 0.93 0.72 0.81 - copper% 0.09 0.30 0.15 0.27 0.10 0.08 - nitrogen 10 -4 % 45 58 42 53 39 48 - sulfur 10 -4 % 131 182 192 172 105 121 - calcium 10 -4 % <2 <2 54 24 16 55 - oxygen 10 -4 % 65 45 75 85 51 120 - Ca / O 0 0 0.72 0.28 0.31 0.46 Table 2 shows the mechanical characteristics of the steels mentioned above, said shaving steels being put in the form of a wire of 3.1 mm in diameter. steel ref 1 steel ref 2 steel ref 3 steel A steel B steel C Rm (MPa) 966 1045 1070 1021 960 1015 Rp0.2 (MPa) 860 948 800 839 880 754 Z% 62 65 36 64 40 35 Table 3 summarizes the inclusive nature of the steels in the description. Oxides inclusions width (µm) Nature of the majority oxides. steel ref 1 5 to 15 Al2O3-SiO2-CrO3-MnO + Al2O3-MgO steel ref 2 5 to 15 Al2O3-MgO steel ref 3 3 to 8 (globular) CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 steel A <to 2 Al2O3-SiO2-CaO steel B <to 2 Al2O3-SiO2-CaO steel C <to 2 Al2O3-SiO2-CaO Table 4 summarizes the characteristics obtained in shaving operations carried out with the reference steels and the steels according to the invention, as well as the assessment of the quality of the wool. Weight per meter for th. wear Aspect Appreciation 1h 3h 5h 8h residue comb oldest boy steel ref 1 90 92 95 100 75/80 Bad bad to reject steel ref 2 100 105 106 115 70/75 Bad way not recommended steel ref 3 110 112 113 118 69/72 Bad way not recommended steel A 145 147 149 150 65/68 Normal Well recommended steel B 130 132 135 137 70/72 Normal Well recommended steel C 151 152 152 154 45/50 Good Well recommended

La comparaison entre les aciers de référence 1, 2 et 3, présentés ci dessus et les aciers A, B, C, selon l'invention montre que les inclusions naturellement obtenues, après élaboration de l'acier de référence et sa mise sous forme de fil pour rasage, sont de grande largeur. En outre elles sont par nature dures et abrasives. Les inclusions contenues dans le fil pour rasage selon l'invention sont allongées, leur largeur est significativement plus faible que les inclusions contenues dans les aciers de référence. Cet allongement des inclusions traduit une faible contrainte d'écoulement desdites inclusions et de ce fait, une dureté réduite par rapport à celle des aciers de référence.The comparison between the reference steels 1, 2 and 3, presented above and the steels A, B, C, according to the invention shows that the inclusions naturally obtained, after production of the reference steel and its forming in the form of wire for shaving, are very wide. In addition, they are by nature hard and abrasive. The inclusions contained in the shaving wire according to the invention are elongated, their width is significantly smaller than the inclusions contained in the reference steels. This elongation of the inclusions reflects a low flow stress of said inclusions and therefore a reduced hardness compared to that of the reference steels.

Le tableau 4 met en évidence les gains de productivité en laine d'acier fait par l'utilisation des aciers selon l'invention. En effet, le poids au mètre de laine est nettement plus élevé avec les aciers selon l'invention et l'épaisseur de fil résiduel est plus faible, ce qui réduit les pertes de matière première.Table 4 highlights the productivity gains in steel wool made by the use of the steels according to the invention. In fact, the weight per meter of wool is significantly higher with the steels according to the invention and the thickness of the residual yarn is lower, which reduces the losses of raw material.

En outre, l'observation de l'usure des outils de coupe ou peignes prouve l'influence néfaste des inclusions dures et abrasives. Les outils utilisés pour le rasage des aciers de référence ont une usure rapide par rapport à l'usure des outils utilisés pour le rasage des aciers selon l'invention. De plus, du point de vue aspect de la laine d'acier obtenue par rasage, on remarque que la laine est de meilleure qualité lorsqu'elle est obtenue par rasage des aciers selon l'invention. En d'autres termes, les inclusions de type Al2O3- SiO2 - CaO satisfaisont, du point de vue teneurs en éléments, le rapport Ca/O qui est compris entre 0,2 et 0,7. On peut également remarquer, dans l'analyse des caractéristiques du tableau 2, que des caractéristiques mécaniques élevées ont tendance à améliorer l'aptitude au rasage des aciers.In addition, the observation of the wear of cutting tools or combs proves the harmful influence of hard and abrasive inclusions. The tools used for shaving reference steels have rapid wear compared to the wear of the tools used for shaving steels according to the invention. In addition, from the appearance point of view of the steel wool obtained by shaving, it is noted that the wool is of better quality when it is obtained by shaving the steels according to the invention. In other words, inclusions of the Al2O3-SiO2 - CaO type satisfy, from the point of view of element contents, the Ca / O ratio which is between 0.2 and 0.7. It can also be noted, in the analysis of the characteristics in Table 2, that high mechanical characteristics tend to improve the shaving ability of steels.

L'invention ne consiste pas à introduire dans l'acier une quantité d'inclusions d'un certain type mais consiste en l'élaboration d'un acier contenant des inclusions inhérentes à son élaboration , les inclusions réduites en nombre étant, selon l'invention, des inclusions d'aluminosilicates de chaux.The invention does not consist in introducing into the steel a quantity of inclusions of a certain type but consists in the production of a steel containing inclusions inherent in its production, the inclusions reduced in number being, according to the invention, inclusions of lime aluminosilicates.

En résumé, l'invention consiste principalement en une modification de la nature des inclusions résiduelles d'oxydes, sans rechercher une augmentation de leur densité, de façon à obtenir après laminage et tréfilage, des inclusions résiduelles de faible largeur.In summary, the invention consists mainly in a modification of the nature of the residual oxide inclusions, without seeking an increase in their density, so as to obtain, after rolling and drawing, residual inclusions of small width.

En contrôlant l'apparition inévitable des oxydes de nature telle que définie par l'invention, il est possible d'améliorer la productivité et la qualité de la laine d'acier obtenue par rasage en générant des copeaux long et réguliers sous usinage à faibles vitesses avec des outils en acier rapide.By controlling the inevitable appearance of oxides of a nature as defined by the invention, it is possible to improve the productivity and the quality of the steel wool obtained by shaving by generating long and regular shavings under machining at low speeds. with high-speed steel tools.

Claims (10)

Acier inoxydable ferritique utilisable pour la production de laine d'acier caractérisé en ce que sa composition pondérale est la suivante: - carbone ≤ 0,2 %, - silicium ≤ 2%; - manganèse ≤ 2%, - 11% ≤ chrome ≤ 30%, - nickel ≤ 1%, - soufre ≤ 0,030%, - calcium ≥ 15 10-4 %, - oxygène ≥ 40 10-4%, la teneur en calcium et oxygène satisfaisant la relation suivante :
0,2 ≤ Ca/O ≤ 0,7.
Ferritic stainless steel usable for the production of steel wool characterized in that its weight composition is as follows: - carbon ≤ 0.2%, - silicon ≤ 2%; - manganese ≤ 2%, - 11% ≤ chromium ≤ 30%, - nickel ≤ 1%, - sulfur ≤ 0.030%, - calcium ≥ 15 10 -4 %, - oxygen ≥ 40 10 -4 %, the calcium and oxygen content satisfying the following relationship:
0.2 ≤ Ca / O ≤ 0.7.
Acier selon la revendication 1 caractérisée en la composition pondérale suivante: - carbone ≤ 0,08%, - silicium ≤ 1%; - manganèse ≤ 2 %, - 15% ≤ chrome ≤ 19%, - nickel ≤ 1%, - soufre ≤ 0,030%, - calcium ≥ 15 10-4 %, - oxygène ≥ 40 10-4%, la teneur en calcium et oxygène satisfaisant la relation suivante :
0,2 ≤ Ca/O ≤ 0,7.
Steel according to claim 1 characterized in the following weight composition: - carbon ≤ 0.08%, - silicon ≤ 1%; - manganese ≤ 2%, - 15% ≤ chromium ≤ 19%, - nickel ≤ 1%, - sulfur ≤ 0.030%, - calcium ≥ 15 10 -4 %, - oxygen ≥ 40 10 -4 %, the calcium and oxygen content satisfying the following relationship:
0.2 ≤ Ca / O ≤ 0.7.
Acier selon la revendication 1 caractérisée en la composition pondérale suivante: - carbone ≤ 0,1%, - silicium ≤ 1 %; - manganèse ≤ 2 %, - 20% ≤ chrome ≤ 28%, - nickel ≤ 1 %, - soufre ≤ 0,030%, - calcium ≥ 15 10-4 %, - oxygène ≥ 40 10-4%, la teneur en calcium et oxygène satisfaisant la relation suivante :
0,2 ≤ Ca/O ≤ 0,7.
Steel according to claim 1 characterized in the following weight composition: - carbon ≤ 0.1%, - silicon ≤ 1%; - manganese ≤ 2%, - 20% ≤ chromium ≤ 28%, - nickel ≤ 1%, - sulfur ≤ 0.030%, - calcium ≥ 15 10- 4 %, - oxygen ≥ 40 10 -4 %, the calcium and oxygen content satisfying the following relationship:
0.2 ≤ Ca / O ≤ 0.7.
Acier selon l'une des revendicaions 1 à 3 caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend dans sa composition pondérale: - calcium ≥ 30 10-4 %, - oxygène ≥ 70 10-4%, Steel according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises in its weight composition: - calcium ≥ 30 10 -4 %, - oxygen ≥ 70 10 -4 %, Acier selon les revendications 1 à 4 caractérisé en ce que les teneurs en calcium et oxygène satisfaisont la relation suivante : 0,3 ≤ Ca/O ≤ 0,6.Steel according to claims 1 to 4 characterized in that the calcium and oxygen contents satisfy the following relation: 0.3 ≤ Ca / O ≤ 0.6. Acier selon les revendications 1 à 5 caractérisé en ce que la composition contient en outre moins de 3% de molybdène.Steel according to Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the composition also contains less than 3% of molybdenum. Acier selon les revendications 1 à 6 caractérisé en ce que la composition contient en outre moins de 1% des éléments titane, tantale, zirconium, niobium pris seuls ou en combinaison.Steel according to Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the composition also contains less than 1% of the elements titanium, tantalum, zirconium, niobium taken alone or in combination. Fil d'acier pour la production de laine d'acier caractérisé en ce qu'il est obtenu par le tréfilage de l'acier selon les revendications 1 à 7.Steel wire for the production of steel wool, characterized in that it is obtained by drawing the steel according to claims 1 to 7. Fil d'acier selon la revendication 8 caractérisé en ce qu'il contient des inclusions de type anorthite et/ou pseudo-wollastonite et/ou gehlénite et/ou tridymite.Steel wire according to claim 8 characterized in that it contains inclusions of the anorthite and / or pseudo-wollastonite and / or gehlenite and / or tridymite type. Laine d'acier réalisée par rasage caractérisée en ce qu'elle est obtenue par utilisation de l'acier selon les revendications 1 à 7 mis sous forme de fil selon les revendications 8 et 9.Steel wool produced by shaving, characterized in that it is obtained by using the steel according to Claims 1 to 7, formed into a wire according to Claims 8 and 9.
EP96402088A 1995-11-03 1996-10-01 Stainless ferritic steel, suitable for producing steel wool Expired - Lifetime EP0773306B1 (en)

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ATE198221T1 (en) 2001-01-15

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