EP0772374B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Leistungsregelung eines Lautsprechers in einem Raum - Google Patents
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Leistungsregelung eines Lautsprechers in einem Raum Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0772374B1 EP0772374B1 EP19960203005 EP96203005A EP0772374B1 EP 0772374 B1 EP0772374 B1 EP 0772374B1 EP 19960203005 EP19960203005 EP 19960203005 EP 96203005 A EP96203005 A EP 96203005A EP 0772374 B1 EP0772374 B1 EP 0772374B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- loudspeaker
- room environment
- driver
- correcting filter
- transfer function
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R3/002—Damping circuit arrangements for transducers, e.g. motional feedback circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R3/04—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones for correcting frequency response
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
- H04S7/00—Indicating arrangements; Control arrangements, e.g. balance control
- H04S7/30—Control circuits for electronic adaptation of the sound field
- H04S7/301—Automatic calibration of stereophonic sound system, e.g. with test microphone
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R29/00—Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements
- H04R29/001—Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements for loudspeakers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
- H04S7/00—Indicating arrangements; Control arrangements, e.g. balance control
- H04S7/30—Control circuits for electronic adaptation of the sound field
- H04S7/305—Electronic adaptation of stereophonic audio signals to reverberation of the listening space
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling the performance of a loudspeaker in a room.
- the actual performance of a loudspeaker is known to be highly dependent on the acoustics of the actual listening room and the actual loudspeaker position within this room.
- the performance of a loudspeaker will change very noticeably when it is in proximity to the boundaries of the room. This is caused by the loading of the room on the loudspeaker as a radiator, or in other words due to the changing radiation resistance.
- a change of listener position changes the perceived performance of the loudspeaker, in particular due to early reflections and standing waves.
- some boundary effects are universal in the room, in particular in the bass frequency range, and hence the perception of this range is less influenced by the listener position.
- Loudspeaker designers experience this fact by having to make a compromise when optimizing the timbre of the loudspeaker so that the perceived sound will be acceptable under a number of different conditions, i.e. different room acoustics, loudspeaker positions, and listening positions. Even though making this compromise, the designer cannot ensure that the customer will always experience the intended quality. Thus, the listener will experience a performance of the loudspeaker that depends on the acoustic properties of the actual listening room and the position chosen for both loudspeaker and listener. There is a risk that an expensive loudspeaker which performs very well in the shop, will turn out performing badly or at least disappointingly when placed in a different environment and/or in a different position.
- WO84/00274 recognizes that high fidelity reproduction is adversely affected by normal room acoustics and the relative position of a loudspeaker system with respect to the room boundaries.
- WO84/00274 proposes an environment-adaptive loudspeaker system, which uses pressure-sensing means and velocity sensing means mounted to determine the instantaneous pressure and velocity at the surface of a loudspeaker diaphragm and supply signals to a processor which controls the transfer characteristic of a correction filter iva which input signals are fed to the loudspeaker.
- the problem with such a system is the choice of appropriate transfer characteristics.
- This is obtained in a method according to the invention which is particular in that the listening room is divided into zones of e.g. 30 cm by 30 cm, each having a correction filter transfer function assigned to it, and that information on the particular zone is fed to the correcting filter in the electrical signal path to the loudspeaker.
- velocity, of the diaphragm of the loudspeaker driver and the force, arising from the sound field, acting on it are determined by measuring suitable parameters, defining thereby a first complex transfer function, that in a second acoustic environment a second complex transfer function is determined by measuring the same or different parameters of the loudspeaker driver, relating to the room, that the ratio between the real parts of the first and second transfer functions is used to define the performance of a correcting filter, that the filter is applied in the signal chain to the loudspeaker driver.
- the loudspeaker in a first step is put in a reference room environment where it performs to a standard to be determined, and during which a reference radiated power output (real, i.e.
- a multi-driver loudspeaker should have each driver subjected to such a measurement, however one or several may be selected as representative. At the time of measurement of one particular driver or a group of drivers, the other drivers may either be short-circuited, disconnected or connected to the signal.
- the bass performance changes.
- the method according to the invention is able to detect a major part of this change in the acoustic environment of the loudspeaker and to correct accordingly. Switching on and off an apparatus working according to the principles of the invention can lead to dramatic changes of the bass performance of the loudspeaker depending on how different the actual position and room are from the reference conditions. If a loudspeaker is designed to operate away from the walls of a room, then when placing such a loudspeaker close to a corner of the listening room, the bass performance becomes boomy, coloured, and the sound pressure level increases.
- the apparatus according to the principles of the invention corrects the timbre in such a way that the perceived timbre is almost the same as in the reference position.
- the effect of the apparatus in this situation has been described by listeners as quite startling.
- the bass performance then was not plagued by the rumble which is traditionally a characteristic of a corner position, and the bass performance becomes more even and neutral without becoming "thin". In a corner position this is perceived as a dramatic improvement of the bass performance.
- An advantageous embodiment is particular in that the loudspeaker is permanently fitted with measurement means, the ratio between reference and use measurements being used to define the parameters of the correcting filter. This enables a measurement to be initiated by a user or in the event that some predefined conditions are met, e.g. power up of the apparatus. This measurement cycle could be performed using a dedicated measuring signal, e.g. obtained from a particular Compact Disc.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is particular in that the loudspeaker is permanently fitted with measurement means, and the complex transfer function, which corresponds to the situation during usage, is continuously measured during operation of the apparatus.
- the ratio between reference and usage measurements being used to define the parameters of the correcting filter.
- the loudspeaker will be automatically and continuously adaptable to any new listening room environment, e.g. using the played music as the stimuli when measuring the complex transfer functions.
- the transfer function in the usage situation is continuously measured, and e.g. a digital signal processor in the signal chain calculates and performs the filtering which provides a sound from the loudspeaker which is very similar to the sound in the reference position/room and which presumably was judged positively during the design of the loudspeaker.
- a simpler arrangement is obtained by instructing the user to activate switches according to a schematic showing various typical placements of a loudspeaker in a room. This functions in practice, provided the loudspeaker is of the same type as the loudspeaker used in the reference environent.
- An apparatus is particular in that it comprises a filter, the transfer function of which is controllable by electronic/numerical signals, said signals being obtained from a unit which determines the ratio between a stored reference radiation resistance or active power output (real) as a function of frequency and a measured radiation resistance or active power output (real) in the usage situation.
- This ratio basically defines the amplitude response of the correction filter, and various filter implementations, e.g. minimum phase can be obtained from this.
- various operation might be performed to modify the ratio before implementation, e.g. smoothing, convolution, frequency limiting, correction limiting, logarithm, exponential, multiplication, addition etc. and combinations of these. For instance, defining the amplitude response of the correction filter as the square root of the ratio seems to be a reasonable choice.
- FIG. 1 shows the signal path and transfer functions relating to a loudspeaker in a room.
- the electrical signal from the source is fed to a power amplifier A which drives the loudspeaker which is designated B and comprises the electrical and mechanical parts of the loudspeaker driver unit and the acoustic influence of the cabinet enclosure.
- the output from the loudspeaker is transformed by the transfer function C from the acceleration of the diaphragm to the sound pressure in front of the diaphragm which may be measured by a microphone D as one example of how to obtain the force, arising from the sound field, acting on the diaphragm.
- An accelerometer E for example may measure the diaphragm acceleration directly.
- the source signal is provided, at point 2 the electrical input signal to the loudspeaker driver is available, point 3 refers to the acceleration of the diaphragm of the loudspeaker, and at point 4 the sound pressure at some predetermined and fixed point in front of the driver is available.
- an electrical signal representing the sound pressure is available at point 5
- an electrical signal representing the membrane acceleration is available at point 6.
- Fig. 2 shows one embodiment of the invention where the loudspeaker B with one of a multitude of possible placements of a microphone D and an accelerometer E.
- Fig. 3 shows how a measurement of the radiation resistance of the loudspeaker is used when calculating the filter F, which is switched into the signal path.
- the signal processing may occur through any means available to the skilled person, the result will be a linear pre-distortion of the signal to the power amplifier in order that the loudspeaker provides an excitation of the listening room so that the perceived sound is a good approximation to the quality determined during the design phase.
- the advantage of making the measurement continuous is that the system will automatically compensate e.g. for an influx of listeners or a changed placement of furniture or the loudspeaker placement itself, which disturbs the sound distribution in the room. Such a disturbance is now compensated so that the perceived sound is essentially unchanged.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
Claims (6)
- Verfahren zur Steuerung der Leistung eines Lautsprechers (B) in einer Hörraumumgebung, wobei in einer Bezugsraumumgebung die resultierende Bewegung der Lautsprechertreibermembran und die assoziierte Kraft, herrührend aus dem Schallfeld in der genannten Bezugsraumumgebung, die darauf einwirken, durch Messung geeigneter Parameter bestimmt werden, die eine erste komplexe Übertragungsfunktion definieren, wobei in der genannten Hörraumumgebung eine zweite komplexe Übertragungsfunktion durch Messung der gleichen oder anderer Parameter des Lautsprechertreibers in Bezug auf die Hörraumumgebung ermittelt wird, wobei das Verhältnis zwischen den reellen Teilen der ersten und zweiten Übertragungsfunktionen zum definieren der Übertragungsfunktion eines korrigierenden Filters verwendet wird, wobei das genannte korrigierende Filter in der Signalkette zu dem Lautsprechertreiber angewandt wird wobei das genannte Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die Hörraumumgebung in Zonen aufgeteilt ist, wobei jede Zone die genannte korrigierende Filterübertragungsfunktion (F) hat, die definiert und derselben zugeordnet ist, und dass Information über die betreffende Zone dem Lautsprecher in der elektrischen Signalstrecke zu dem Lautsprecher (B) zugeführt wird.
- Verfahren zur Steuerung der Leistung eines Lautsprechers (B) in einer Hörraumumgebung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Lautsprecher (B) in einem ersten Schritt in eine Bezugsraumumgebung gesetzt wird, wo er entsprechend einem zu bestimmenden Standard funktioniert, und wobei ein als Bezugswert ausgestrahlter Leistungsausgang und ein Bezugsstrahlungswiderstand eines Treibers oder eines beliebigen ähnlichen physikalischen Parameters als eine Funktion der Frequenz gemessen wird, und dass in einem zweiten Schritt der Lautsprecher (B) in die Hörraumumgebung gesetzt wird, wo ein üblicher ausgestrahlter Leistungsausgang und ein üblicher Ausstrahlungswiderstand desselben Treibers oder eines beliebigen ähnlichen physikalischen Parameters gemessen werden, und dass in einem dritten Schritt das Verhältnis zwischen dem reellen Teil der genannten Leistungsausgänge, Strahlungswiderstände bzw. beliebiger ähnlicher physikalischer Parameter zum Definieren der Übertragungsfunktion des genannten korrigierenden Filters (F) verwendet werden, und zwar zum Erhalten des genannten Leistungsstandards, ermittelt in der genannten Bezugsraumumgebung, und dass in einem vierten Schritt das genannte korrigierende Filter in die elektrische Signalstrecke zu dem Treiber eingeführt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Lautsprecher (B) mit Messmitteln ständig verbunden ist, wobei das Verhältnis zwischen dem genannten Bezugswert und den genannten üblichen Messungen zum Definieren der Parameter des korrigierenden Filters verwendet wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Lautsprecher (B) mit Messmitteln ständig verbunden ist und die zweite komplexe Übertragungsfunktion ständig gemessen wird, wobei das Verhältnis zwischen dem genannten Bezugswert und den üblichen Messungen zum Definieren der Parameter des korrigierenden Filters verwendet wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Messmittel durch einen Benutzer aktiviert werden, oder in dem Fall, dass einige vorher definierte Bedingungen, wie das Einschalten des genannten korrigierenden Filters, erfüllt werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Mehrfachtreibersystem jeden Treiber einer Messung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 aussetzen soll.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK112495 | 1995-11-02 | ||
DK1124/95 | 1995-11-02 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0772374A2 EP0772374A2 (de) | 1997-05-07 |
EP0772374A3 EP0772374A3 (de) | 2006-03-29 |
EP0772374B1 true EP0772374B1 (de) | 2008-10-08 |
Family
ID=8101285
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19960203005 Expired - Lifetime EP0772374B1 (de) | 1995-11-02 | 1996-10-29 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Leistungsregelung eines Lautsprechers in einem Raum |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0772374B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE69637704D1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK0772374T3 (de) |
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AU1772783A (en) | 1982-06-30 | 1984-01-26 | Loudspeakers, B &, Ltd. | Environment-adaptive loudspeaker systems |
DE4334040C2 (de) * | 1993-10-06 | 1996-07-11 | Klippel Wolfgang | Schaltungsanordnung zur selbständigen Korrektur des Übertragungsverhaltens von elektrodynamischen Schallsendern ohne zusätzlichen mechanischen oder akustischen Sensor |
JPH07274282A (ja) * | 1994-03-31 | 1995-10-20 | Suzuki Motor Corp | 車輌用音響装置の調整方法およびその装置 |
-
1996
- 1996-10-29 DK DK96203005T patent/DK0772374T3/da active
- 1996-10-29 EP EP19960203005 patent/EP0772374B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-29 DE DE69637704T patent/DE69637704D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0772374A2 (de) | 1997-05-07 |
EP0772374A3 (de) | 2006-03-29 |
DK0772374T3 (da) | 2009-02-02 |
DE69637704D1 (de) | 2008-11-20 |
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