EP0768683B1 - Supply circuit for an excitation coil of an electromagnet - Google Patents
Supply circuit for an excitation coil of an electromagnet Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0768683B1 EP0768683B1 EP96402114A EP96402114A EP0768683B1 EP 0768683 B1 EP0768683 B1 EP 0768683B1 EP 96402114 A EP96402114 A EP 96402114A EP 96402114 A EP96402114 A EP 96402114A EP 0768683 B1 EP0768683 B1 EP 0768683B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- semiconductor element
- winding
- voltage
- supply circuit
- circuit
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
- H01F7/1805—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current
- H01F7/1833—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current by changing number of parallel-connected turns or windings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
- H01F29/14—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias
- H01F2029/143—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias with control winding for generating magnetic bias
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a current supply circuit direct or alternating current rectified from an excitation coil of an electromagnet comprising at least one main winding and a secondary winding.
- the coil thus comprises a call winding and a holding winding.
- the windings When the windings are arranged in parallel, they are both supplied with a strong inrush current to cause the initial displacement of the circuit moving magnetic of the electromagnet, then only the holding winding remains supplied with a lower current to maintain the mobile magnetic circuit in attracted position, the supply of the call winding being stopped by switching.
- the invention therefore aims to achieve an electronic circuit which ensures switching of the supply of one of the two windings of the coil only when, after closing the electromagnet, the current of the coil is very close to reaching sufficient holding current to maintain the mobile magnetic circuit in attracted position.
- the supply circuit comprising switching means of a first semiconductor element with controlled conductivity capable of ensuring or blocking the supply secondary winding, said means being arranged between the main winding and the control of the semiconductor element and comprising a second semiconductor element, is characterized in that the second semiconductor element blocks the first semiconductor element when the voltage between the control and output of the second semiconductor element reaches a threshold value greater than a value corresponding to the start of closing of the electromagnet, and that the switching means comprise a voltage adaptation circuit which is connected to the main winding and to the control of the second element semiconductor and which measures a voltage representative of the current flowing in the winding main and integrate this voltage to adapt the time required to reach the threshold voltage.
- the switching means comprise a voltage adaptation circuit which is connected to the main winding and to the control of the second semiconductor element, the latter being connected to the control of the first semiconductor element to block it when the voltage between the command and the output of the second semiconductor element reaches the threshold value.
- the adaptation circuit advantageously comprises an RC filter constituted a resistive element and a capacitor connected in parallel, the control of the second semiconductor element being connected to an input of this circuit.
- the resistive element preferably consists of a divider bridge provided with two resistors connected in series, one of the resistors being connected to the main winding and the other resistor being put in parallel with the capacitor and connected to the line return feed from the coil.
- the arrangement and constitution of the switching means thus make it possible confidently switch the first semiconductor element when the current is close to reaching the holding value after closing complete of the electromagnet.
- FIG. 1 The diagram visible in Figure 1 represents the supply circuit of a excitation coil of an electromagnet according to the invention.
- the electromagnet not shown here, includes the excitation coil, a fixed magnetic circuit and a movable magnetic circuit intended to be attracted by the fixed magnetic circuit when the coil is supplied with current.
- the reel of the electromagnet is provided with two windings, a main winding B1 and a secondary winding B2.
- the windings B1 and 82 are placed in parallel between two lines supply, a go line a and a return line b, connected to the respective poles, positive and negative of a current supply source S.
- This circuit can work from a direct current source ( Figures 1 to 3) or alternating current straightened ( Figure 4).
- the main winding B1 and the secondary winding B2 are suitable for trigger the movement of the mobile magnetic circuit.
- Alone is continuously powered the main winding B1 to keep the attracted position mobile magnetic circuit once the electromagnet is closed.
- the winding B1 is connected in series with a resistor R1 between the supply lines a and b.
- the supply of winding B2 is controlled by a semiconductor element T2 with controlled conductivity of the transistor type for example.
- Bipolar or other type T2 transistor is connected to a voltage circuit threshold 20 which delivers the threshold voltage necessary for its conductivity upon switching on under circuit voltage.
- the circuit 20 can consist of two resistors R3 and R4 connected in series between lines a and b, the control of transistor T2 being connected to the connection point C of the two resistors.
- the circuit 20 can consist of a resistor R2 and a Zéner Z2 diode connected in series between lines a and b, the control of transistor T2 being connected to connection point C of the resistor and the diode.
- the transistor T2 is intended to be blocked after closing the circuits magnetic of the electromagnet to cut the power supply of the winding secondary 82.
- the transistor is blocked by switching means 10 arranged between its control and the main winding B1.
- the switching means 10 comprise a circuit for adapting voltage 11 and a semiconductor element T1 with controlled conductivity of the type transistor.
- the voltage matching circuit 11 includes a resistor R5 connected to main winding B1 and connected in series with a RC type filter which includes a resistor R6 and a capacitor C1 connected in parallel and connected to the line of back b. This circuit constitutes a voltage integrator.
- the transistor T1 of bipolar or other type has an input connected to the command of transistor T2, an output connected to return line b, and a command connected to the connection point D between resistance R5 and resistance R6 of circuit 11.
- the diagram in FIG. 4 represents the circuit supplied from a full alternating rectified alternating current source.
- a rectifier bridge is arranged between the AC power source S and power lines a and b of circuit so as to supply it with double rectified alternating current alternation, each alternation being made up of rectified sinusoids.
- a smoothing device 30 which makes it possible to attenuate the form of straightened sinusoids.
- the device 30 comprises a diode D2 and a capacitor C2 placed in series between the main winding B1 and the return line b, the resistor R5 of the circuit 11 being connected to a midpoint E connecting the diode D2 and the capacitor C2.
- Figures 5a and 5b show the shape of the current flowing in the main winding B1 and respectively in the secondary winding B2.
- the shape of the current flowing in the secondary winding B2 is the same as for the main winding B1, except that the current does not take values negative. To study the image of the current in the coil, it is therefore sufficient to study the shape of the current in the main winding.
- the current pattern is the same, the curve on the other hand is composed of sinusoids.
- the constitution of the adaptation circuit 11 can therefore remain unchanged from that of the DC circuit.
- the call phase A and the maintenance phase B there are two phases, the call phase A and the maintenance phase B; the transition between the two phases corresponds to moment when the current stabilizes at a holding value after the closing of the electromagnet.
- the intensity increases through the two windings up to a value l1 of the current from which the mobile magnetic circuit moves to the fixed magnetic circuit, resulting in a simultaneous reduction of the current until closing of the electromagnet corresponding to time t1 on the figure; these stages are characteristic of the first wave O1 of the current.
- the current increases again according to a curve of type exponential which corresponds to the second O2 wave of the current to reach the hold value lc corresponding to the start of hold phase B. You can then cut the supply to the secondary winding B2 by means of switching 10, the adaptation circuit 11 permitting switching while ensuring closing the electromagnet.
- Figure 6 illustrates the voltage across the resistor R1 whose shape is the same as that of the current in the winding B1 illustrated in FIG. 5a since this voltage is representative of the image of the current in the winding B1. It is this voltage which is processed by the adaptation circuit 11. It is therefore necessary to have an image of the current flowing in the coil; this image is therefore obtained by measuring means constituted by the resistor R1 or even a diode Zen.
- Figure 7 illustrates the shape of the voltage across the RC circuit of the circuit 11, that is to say between the control and the output of transistor T1.
- the capacitor C1 charges without reaching its maximum capacity so that the voltage remains below a threshold voltage Vs which corresponds to the voltage necessary to trigger the conductivity of transistor T1. So that the value V1 of the voltage across the RC circuit, therefore of the voltage between the control and the output of transistor T1, remains below the threshold value Vs as long as the electromagnet is not closed, it is ensured that the value Vm of the first wave O1 'of aux voltage terminals of R1 is less than the holding voltage Vc of the second wave of voltage O2 'corresponding to the holding current lc sufficient to maintain the electromagnet closed, which is achieved by the voltage adaptation circuit 11.
- Both resistors R5 and R6 and the capacitor C1 constitute an integrator which processes the voltage signal delivered across the resistor R1 in order to adapt from this signals the time required to reach the trigger threshold voltage Vs of the transistor T1.
- the capacitor C1 discharges during the voltage drop at terminals of R1 which corresponds to the movement of the mobile magnetic circuit.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Relay Circuits (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
- Electromagnets (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
- Power Conversion In General (AREA)
Description
La présente invention concerne un circuit d'alimentation en courant continu ou en courant alternatif redressé d'une bobine d'excitation d'un électro-aimant comportant au moins un enroulement principal et un enroulement secondaire.The present invention relates to a current supply circuit direct or alternating current rectified from an excitation coil of an electromagnet comprising at least one main winding and a secondary winding.
Il est connu d'utiliser pour un électro-aimant une bobine à double enroulement afin de réduire l'échauffement de la bobine et la consommation de courant pour son alimentation. La bobine comprend ainsi un enroulement d'appel et un enroulement de maintien.It is known to use a double coil for an electromagnet winding to reduce the heating of the coil and the consumption of current for its food. The coil thus comprises a call winding and a holding winding.
Lorsque les enroulements sont disposés en parallèle, ils sont tous deux alimentés avec un fort courant d'appel pour provoquer le déplacement initial du circuit magnétique mobile de l'électro-aimant, puis seul l'enroulement de maintien reste alimenté avec un plus faible courant pour maintenir le circuit magnétique mobile en position attirée, l'alimentation de l'enroulement d'appel étant stoppée par commutation.When the windings are arranged in parallel, they are both supplied with a strong inrush current to cause the initial displacement of the circuit moving magnetic of the electromagnet, then only the holding winding remains supplied with a lower current to maintain the mobile magnetic circuit in attracted position, the supply of the call winding being stopped by switching.
Il est connu d'après le brevet DE 2128651 de réaliser la commutation de l'alimentation de l'un des enroulements par des moyens électroniques après une temporisation choisie. Cependant, la durée choisie de la temporisation est difficile à maítriser. En effet, la commutation peut parfois intervenir avant la fermeture des circuits magnétiques, l'électro-aimant se fermera alors mais ne pourra pas rester en position attirée, ou la commutation peut intervenir trop tardivement ce qui peut provoquer un échauffement de la bobine et nécessite un ralentissement de la cadence de fonctionnement de l'électro-aimant.It is known from patent DE 2128651 to carry out the switching of feeding one of the windings by electronic means after a selected time delay. However, the chosen duration of the delay is difficult to control. Indeed, the switching can sometimes take place before the closing of the magnetic circuits, the electromagnet will then close but cannot remain in position attracted, or switching may occur too late, which may cause the coil to heat up and requires a slowing down of the rate of operation of the electromagnet.
Il est aussi connu d'après le document FR2 290 009 qui décrit un circuit d'alimentation conforme au préambule de la revendication 1,
de réaliser la commutation par des moyens électroniques lorsqu'une surtension survient
en fin d'attraction du circuit magnétique mobile vers le circuit magnétique fixe.
Toutefois, il n'est jamais certain qu'à l'apparition
de cette surtension, l'électro-aimant soit réellement fermé.It is also known from document FR2 290 009 which describes a supply circuit in accordance with the preamble of
L'invention a par conséquent pour but de réaliser un circuit électronique qui assure une commutation de l'alimentation de l'un des deux enroulements de la bobine seulement lorsque, après la fermeture de l'électro-aimant, le courant de la bobine est très proche d'atteindre le courant de maintien suffisant pour maintenir le circuit magnétique mobile en position attirée. The invention therefore aims to achieve an electronic circuit which ensures switching of the supply of one of the two windings of the coil only when, after closing the electromagnet, the current of the coil is very close to reaching sufficient holding current to maintain the mobile magnetic circuit in attracted position.
Selon l'invention, le circuit d'alimentation comprenant des moyens de commutation d'un premier élément semi-conducteur à conductibilité commandée apte à assurer ou à bloquer l'alimentation de l'enroulement secondaire, ces dits moyens étant disposés entre l'enroulement principal et la commande de l'élément semi-conducteur et comprenant un second élément semi-conducteur, est caractérisé en ce que le second élément semi-conducteur bloque le premier élément semi-conducteur lorsque la tension entre la commande et la sortie du second élément semi-conducteur atteint une valeur de seuil supérieure à une valeur correspondant au début de fermeture de l'électro-aimant, et que les moyens de commutation comprennent un circuit d'adaptation de tension qui est relié à l'enroulement principal et à la commande du second élément semi-conducteur et qui permet de mesurer une tension représentative du courant circulant dans l'enroulement principal et d'intégrer cette tension pour adapter le temps nécessaire à atteindre la tension de seuil. According to the invention, the supply circuit comprising switching means of a first semiconductor element with controlled conductivity capable of ensuring or blocking the supply secondary winding, said means being arranged between the main winding and the control of the semiconductor element and comprising a second semiconductor element, is characterized in that the second semiconductor element blocks the first semiconductor element when the voltage between the control and output of the second semiconductor element reaches a threshold value greater than a value corresponding to the start of closing of the electromagnet, and that the switching means comprise a voltage adaptation circuit which is connected to the main winding and to the control of the second element semiconductor and which measures a voltage representative of the current flowing in the winding main and integrate this voltage to adapt the time required to reach the threshold voltage.
Selon une caractéristique, les moyens de commutation comprennent un circuit d'adaptation de tension qui est relié à l'enroulement principal et à la commande du second élément semi-conducteur, ce dernier étant connecté à la commande du premier élément semi-conducteur pour bloquer celui-ci lorsque la tension entre la commande et la sortie du second élément semi-conducteur atteint la valeur de seuil.According to one characteristic, the switching means comprise a voltage adaptation circuit which is connected to the main winding and to the control of the second semiconductor element, the latter being connected to the control of the first semiconductor element to block it when the voltage between the command and the output of the second semiconductor element reaches the threshold value.
Le circuit d'adaptation comprend avantageusement un filtre RC constitué d'un élément résistif et d'un condensateur branchés en parallèle, la commande du second élément semi-conducteur étant reliée à une entrée de ce circuit.The adaptation circuit advantageously comprises an RC filter constituted a resistive element and a capacitor connected in parallel, the control of the second semiconductor element being connected to an input of this circuit.
L'élément résistif est de préférence constitué d'un pont diviseur muni de deux résistances mises en série, l'une des résistances étant reliée à l'enroulement principal et l'autre résistance étant mise en parallèle avec le condensateur et reliée à la ligne de retour d'alimentation de la bobine.The resistive element preferably consists of a divider bridge provided with two resistors connected in series, one of the resistors being connected to the main winding and the other resistor being put in parallel with the capacitor and connected to the line return feed from the coil.
La disposition et la constitution des moyens de commutation permettent ainsi d'effectuer avec assurance la commutation du premier élément semi-conducteur lorsque le courant est proche d'atteindre la valeur de maintien après la fermeture complète de l'électro-aimant.The arrangement and constitution of the switching means thus make it possible confidently switch the first semiconductor element when the current is close to reaching the holding value after closing complete of the electromagnet.
La description faite ci-après en regard des dessins fera ressortir les caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention. Aux dessins annexés:
- la figure 1 représente le circuit d'alimentation selon l'invention;
- les figures 2 et 3 représentent le circuit de la figure 1 alimenté en courant continu selon deux modes de réalisation;
- la figure 4 représente le circuit de la figure 1 alimenté en courant alternatif redressé;
- les figures 5a et 5b sont des graphiques illustrant de manière connue en soi la variation d'intensité, dans l'enroulement principal et dans l'enroulement secondaire respectivement, en fonction du temps;
- la figure 6 est un graphique illustrant la variation de tension, image de la variation d'intensité de la figure 5a;
- la figure 7 est un graphique illustrant la variation de tension aux bornes du circuit RC prévu dans le circuit d'adaptation de tension en fonction du temps.
- FIG. 1 represents the supply circuit according to the invention;
- Figures 2 and 3 show the circuit of Figure 1 supplied with direct current according to two embodiments;
- FIG. 4 represents the circuit of FIG. 1 supplied with rectified alternating current;
- FIGS. 5a and 5b are graphs illustrating in a manner known per se the variation in intensity, in the main winding and in the secondary winding respectively, as a function of time;
- Figure 6 is a graph illustrating the voltage variation, image of the intensity variation of Figure 5a;
- FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating the variation in voltage across the terminals of the RC circuit provided in the voltage adaptation circuit as a function of time.
Le schéma visible à la figure 1 représente le circuit d'alimentation d'une bobine d'excitation d'un électro-aimant selon l'invention.The diagram visible in Figure 1 represents the supply circuit of a excitation coil of an electromagnet according to the invention.
L'électro-aimant, non représenté ici, comprend la bobine d'excitation, un circuit magnétique fixe et un circuit magnétique mobile destiné à être attiré par le circuit magnétique fixe quand la bobine est alimentée en courant. La bobine de l'électro-aimant est munie de deux enroulements, un enroulement principal B1 et un enroulement secondaire B2.The electromagnet, not shown here, includes the excitation coil, a fixed magnetic circuit and a movable magnetic circuit intended to be attracted by the fixed magnetic circuit when the coil is supplied with current. The reel of the electromagnet is provided with two windings, a main winding B1 and a secondary winding B2.
Les enroulements B1 et 82 sont mis en parallèle entre deux lignes d'alimentation, une ligne d'aller a et une ligne de retour b, reliées aux pôles respectifs, positif et négatif d'une source S d'alimentation de courant. Ce circuit peut fonctionner à partir d'une source de courant continu (figures 1 à 3) ou de courant altematif redressé (figure 4).The windings B1 and 82 are placed in parallel between two lines supply, a go line a and a return line b, connected to the respective poles, positive and negative of a current supply source S. This circuit can work from a direct current source (Figures 1 to 3) or alternating current straightened (Figure 4).
L'enroulement principal B1 et l'enroulement secondaire B2 sont aptes à déclencher le mouvement du circuit magnétique mobile. Seul est continuellement alimenté l'enroulement principal B1 pour permettre de maintenir en position attirée le circuit magnétique mobile une fois l'électro-aimant fermé.The main winding B1 and the secondary winding B2 are suitable for trigger the movement of the mobile magnetic circuit. Alone is continuously powered the main winding B1 to keep the attracted position mobile magnetic circuit once the electromagnet is closed.
L'enroulement B1 est relié en série avec une résistance R1 entre les lignes d'alimentation a et b.The winding B1 is connected in series with a resistor R1 between the supply lines a and b.
L'alimentation de l'enroulement B2 est commandée par un élément semi-conducteur T2 à conductibilité commandée de type transistor par exemple.The supply of winding B2 is controlled by a semiconductor element T2 with controlled conductivity of the transistor type for example.
Le transistor T2 de type bipolaire ou autre est relié à un circuit à tension
de seuil 20 qui délivre la tension de seuil nécessaire à sa conductibilité dès la mise
sous tension du circuit.Bipolar or other type T2 transistor is connected to a
Dans un premier mode de réalisation du circuit alimenté en courant
continu, illustré à la figure 2, le circuit 20 peut être constitué de deux résistances R3 et
R4 branchées en série entre les lignes a et b, la commande du transistor T2 étant
reliée au point de connexion C des deux résistances.In a first embodiment of the circuit supplied with current
continuous, illustrated in FIG. 2, the
Dans un deuxième mode de réalisation du circuit alimenté en courant
continu, illustré à la figure 3, le circuit 20 peut être constitué d'une résistance R2 et
d'une diode Zéner Z2 branchées en série entre les lignes a et b, la commande du
transistor T2 étant reliée au point de connexion C de la résistance et de la diode.In a second embodiment of the circuit supplied with current
continuous, illustrated in FIG. 3, the
Le transistor T2 est destiné à être bloqué après la fermeture des circuits
magnétiques de l'électro-aimant afin de couper l'alimentation de l'enroulement
secondaire 82. Le transistor est bloqué grâce à des moyens de commutation 10
disposés entre sa commande et l'enroulement principal B1.The transistor T2 is intended to be blocked after closing the circuits
magnetic of the electromagnet to cut the power supply of the winding
secondary 82. The transistor is blocked by
Les moyens de commutation 10 comprennent un circuit d'adaptation de
tension 11 et un élément semi-conducteur T1 à conductibilité commandée de type
transistor. The switching means 10 comprise a circuit for adapting
Le circuit d'adaptation de tension 11 comprend une résistance R5 reliée à
l'enroulement principal B1 et mise en série avec un filtre de type RC qui comprend
une résistance R6 et un condensateur C1 branchés en parallèle et reliés à la ligne de
retour b. Ce circuit constitue un intégrateur de tension.The
Le transistor T1 de type bipolaire ou autre présente une entrée reliée à la
commande du transistor T2, une sortie reliée à la ligne de retour b, et une commande
reliée au point de connexion D entre la résistance R5 et la résistance R6 du circuit 11.The transistor T1 of bipolar or other type has an input connected to the
command of transistor T2, an output connected to return line b, and a command
connected to the connection point D between resistance R5 and resistance R6 of
Le schéma de la figure 4 représente le circuit alimenté à partir d'une source de courant alternatif redressé double alternance.The diagram in FIG. 4 represents the circuit supplied from a full alternating rectified alternating current source.
Pour ce mode de réalisation, un pont redresseur est disposé entre la
source d'alimentation S de courant alternatif et les lignes d'alimentation a et b du
circuit de manière à alimenter celui-ci en courant alternatif redressé double
alternance, chaque alternance étant constituée de sinusoïdes redressées. En outre, il
est ajouté de manière optionnelle un dispositif de lissage 30 qui permet d'atténuer la
forme des sinusoïdes redressées. Le dispositif 30 comprend une diode D2 et un
condensateur C2 placés en série entre l'enroulement principal B1 et la ligne de retour
b, la résistance R5 du circuit 11 étant reliée à un point milieu E reliant la diode D2 et
le condensateur C2.For this embodiment, a rectifier bridge is arranged between the
AC power source S and power lines a and b of
circuit so as to supply it with double rectified alternating current
alternation, each alternation being made up of rectified sinusoids. Furthermore, it
is optionally added a
Le fonctionnement du circuit va à présent être décrit.The operation of the circuit will now be described.
Dès qu'une tension est appliquée entre les lignes a et b, le courant
s'établit à travers l'enroulement B1 et la résistance R1 d'une part, et l'organe de
tension de seuil 20 d'autre part. Le potentiel à la commande du transistor T2 est alors
suffisant de façon instantanée pour que le transistor laisse passer le courant, ce qui
active l'enroulement B2.As soon as a voltage is applied between lines a and b, the current
is established through winding B1 and resistance R1 on the one hand, and the
Les figures 5a et 5b représentent l'allure du courant circulant dans l'enroulement principal B1 et respectivement dans l'enroulement secondaire B2. L'allure du courant circulant dans l'enroulement secondaire B2 est la même que pour l'enroulement principal B1, mis à part que le courant ne prend pas de valeurs négatives. Pour étudier l'image du courant dans la bobine, il est donc suffisant d'étudier l'allure du courant dans l'enroulement principal.Figures 5a and 5b show the shape of the current flowing in the main winding B1 and respectively in the secondary winding B2. The shape of the current flowing in the secondary winding B2 is the same as for the main winding B1, except that the current does not take values negative. To study the image of the current in the coil, it is therefore sufficient to study the shape of the current in the main winding.
En courant alternatif redressé, l'allure du courant est la même, la courbe
est par contre composée de sinusoïdes. La constitution du circuit d'adaptation 11 peut
par conséquent rester inchangée par rapport à celle du circuit en courant continu.In rectified alternating current, the current pattern is the same, the curve
on the other hand is composed of sinusoids. The constitution of the
Comme illustré à la figure 5a, on distingue deux phases, la phase d'appel A et la phase de maintien B; la transition entre les deux phases correspond au moment où le courant se stabilise à une valeur de maintien après la fermeture de l'électro-aimant.As illustrated in Figure 5a, there are two phases, the call phase A and the maintenance phase B; the transition between the two phases corresponds to moment when the current stabilizes at a holding value after the closing of the electromagnet.
Durant la phase d'appel A, l'intensité croít à travers les deux enroulements
jusqu'à une valeur l1 du courant à partir de laquelle le circuit magnétique mobile se
déplace vers le circuit magnétique fixe, entraínant une réduction simultanée du
courant jusqu'à la fermeture de l'électro-aimant correspondant au temps t1 sur la
figure; ces étapes sont caractéristiques de la première onde O1 du courant. A la
fermeture de l'électro-aimant le courant croít à nouveau suivant une courbe de type
exponentielle qui correspond à la deuxième onde O2 du courant pour atteindre la
valeur de maintien lc correspondant au début de la phase de maintien B. On peut
alors couper l'alimentation de l'enroulement secondaire B2 grâce aux moyens de
commutation 10, le circuit d'adaptation 11 permettant la commutation en étant assurer
de la fermeture de l'électro-aimant.During call phase A, the intensity increases through the two windings
up to a value l1 of the current from which the mobile magnetic circuit
moves to the fixed magnetic circuit, resulting in a simultaneous reduction of the
current until closing of the electromagnet corresponding to time t1 on the
figure; these stages are characteristic of the first wave O1 of the current. To the
closing of the electromagnet the current increases again according to a curve of type
exponential which corresponds to the second O2 wave of the current to reach the
hold value lc corresponding to the start of hold phase B. You can
then cut the supply to the secondary winding B2 by means of
switching 10, the
La figure 6 illustre la tension aux bornes de la résistance R1 dont l'allure
est la même que celle du courant dans l'enroulement B1 illustrée à la figure 5a
puisque cette tension est représentative de l'image du courant dans l'enroulement B1.
C'est cette tension qui est traitée par le circuit d'adaptation 11. Il est donc nécessaire
d'avoir une image du courant circulant dans la bobine; cette image est donc obtenue
par des moyens de mesure constitués par la résistance R1 ou encore une diode
Zéner.Figure 6 illustrates the voltage across the resistor R1 whose shape
is the same as that of the current in the winding B1 illustrated in FIG. 5a
since this voltage is representative of the image of the current in the winding B1.
It is this voltage which is processed by the
La figure 7 illustre l'allure de la tension aux bornes du circuit RC du circuit
d'adaptation 11, c'est-à-dire entre la commande et la sortie du transistor T1.Figure 7 illustrates the shape of the voltage across the RC circuit of the
Comme le montre les figures 6 et 7, lors de la montée de la tension aux bornes de R1 jusqu'à une valeur maximale Vm de la première onde de tension O1', le condensateur C1 se charge jusqu'à une valeur de tension V1, ces valeurs de tension Vm et V1 correspondant au début du mouvement du circuit magnétique mobile.As shown in Figures 6 and 7, when the voltage increases terminals of R1 up to a maximum value Vm of the first voltage wave O1 ', the capacitor C1 charges up to a voltage value V1, these voltage values Vm and V1 corresponding to the start of the movement of the mobile magnetic circuit.
Le condensateur C1 se charge sans atteindre sa capacité maximale afin
que la tension reste inférieure à une tension de seuil Vs qui correspond à la tension
nécessaire pour déclencher la conductibilité du transistor T1. Pour que la valeur V1
de la tension aux bornes du circuit RC, donc de la tension entre la commande et la
sortie du transistor T1, reste inférieure à la valeur de seuil Vs tant que l'électro-aimant
n'est pas fermé, on s'assure que la valeur Vm de la première onde O1' de tension aux
bornes de R1 soit inférieure à la tension de maintien Vc de la deuxième onde de
tension O2' correspondant au courant de maintien lc suffisant pour maintenir l'électro-aimant
fermé, ce qui est réalisé grâce au circuit d'adaptation de tension 11. Les deux
résistances R5 et R6 et le condensateur C1 constituent un intégrateur qui traite le
signal de tension délivré aux bornes de la résistance R1 afin d'adapter à partir de ce
signal le temps nécessaire pour atteindre la tension de seuil de déclenchement Vs du
transistor T1.The capacitor C1 charges without reaching its maximum capacity so
that the voltage remains below a threshold voltage Vs which corresponds to the voltage
necessary to trigger the conductivity of transistor T1. So that the value V1
of the voltage across the RC circuit, therefore of the voltage between the control and the
output of transistor T1, remains below the threshold value Vs as long as the electromagnet
is not closed, it is ensured that the value Vm of the first wave O1 'of aux voltage
terminals of R1 is less than the holding voltage Vc of the second wave of
voltage O2 'corresponding to the holding current lc sufficient to maintain the electromagnet
closed, which is achieved by the
Puis le condensateur C1 se décharge lors de la chute de tension aux bornes de R1 ce qui correspond au mouvement du circuit magnétique mobile.Then the capacitor C1 discharges during the voltage drop at terminals of R1 which corresponds to the movement of the mobile magnetic circuit.
Lorsque l'électro-aimant est fermé, la tension aux bornes de R1 croít à nouveau ce qui provoque à nouveau la charge du condensateur C1. Lorsque le condensateur atteint sa capacité maximale de charge, la tension aux bornes de R1 a atteint la valeur de maintien Vc et la tension aux bornes de RC a atteint la valeur de seuil Vs provoquant le déclenchement de conductibilité du transistor T1 et sa conductibilité. Le potentiel à la commande du transistor T2 s'effondre alors ce qui entraíne son blocage; l'enroulement B2 n'est donc plus alimenté et seul l'enroulement B1 continue d'être alimenté à une valeur de maintien du courant. Cette valeur de maintien doit rester suffisante pendant la fermeture de l'électro-aimant de façon que le condensateur reste chargé à sa valeur de capacité maximale afin de ne pas faire chuter la tension entre la commande et la sortie du transistor T1 ce qui bloquerait la conductibilité du transistor T1 et alimenterait à nouveau l'enroulement B2.When the electromagnet is closed, the voltage across R1 increases to again which again causes the capacitor C1 to charge. When the capacitor reaches its maximum charge capacity, the voltage across R1 has reaches the holding value Vc and the voltage across RC reaches the value of threshold Vs causing the conductivity of transistor T1 and its conductivity. The potential at the control of transistor T2 then collapses which causes its blocking; winding B2 is therefore no longer supplied and only winding B1 continues to be supplied at a current hold value. This value of holding must remain sufficient during the closing of the electromagnet so that the capacitor remains charged at its maximum capacity value so as not to drop the voltage between the control and the output of transistor T1 which would block the conductivity of transistor T1 and would again supply winding B2.
Claims (8)
- Power supply circuit in direct current or rectified alternating current of a coil of an electromagnet equipped with at least one principal winding (B1) and a secondary winding (B2), comprising switching means (10) of a first controlled conductivity semiconductor element (T2) capable of providing or blocking the supply of the secondary winding (B2), said means (10) being arranged between the principal winding (B1) and the command of the semiconductor element (T2) and comprising a second semiconductor element (T1) which is connected to the command of the first semiconductor element (T2), characterized in thatthe second semiconductor element (T1) blocks said first semiconductor element (T2) when the voltage between the command and the output of the second semiconductor element (T1) reaches a threshold voltage (Vs) greater than a value (V1) corresponding to the start of the closing of the electromagnet ;said switching means (10) comprise a voltage adaptation circuit (11) which is connected to the principal winding (B1) and to the command of the second semiconductor element (T1) in order to estimate a voltage representative of the current in the principal winding (B1) and to integrate said voltage for adapting the time required to reach the threshold voltage (Vs).
- Power supply circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that the adaptation circuit (11) comprises an RC filter made up of a resistive element fitted with two resistors (R5, R6) placed in series, and a capacitor (C1), one of the resistors (R5) being connected to the principal winding (B1) and the other resistor (R6) being placed in parallel with the capacitor (C1) and linked to a return supply line (b) of the coil.
- Power supply circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that the command of the second semiconductor element (T1) is linked to the input (D) of the adaptation circuit (11) between the two resistors (R5, R6).
- Power supply circuit according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the command of the first semiconductor element (T2) is linked to a point of connection (C) between a resistor (R3) and a resistor (R4) connected in series between the two supply lines (a, b) of the coil.
- Power supply circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the command of the first semiconductor element (T2) is linked to a point of connection (C) between a resistor (R2) and a Zener diode (Z2) connected in series between the two supply lines (a, b) of the coil.
- Power supply circuit according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two semiconductor elements (T1, T2) are transistors.
- Power supply circuit according to any one the preceding claims, characterized in that the principal winding (B1) and the secondary winding (B2) are arranged in parallel between the two supply lines (a, b) of the coil.
- Power supply circuit according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises means of measuring the image of the current circulating in the principal winding (B1), these means being arranged in series with said winding (B1) and in parallel with the adaptation circuit (11).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9512077 | 1995-10-12 | ||
| FR9512077A FR2739969B1 (en) | 1995-10-12 | 1995-10-12 | SUPPLY CIRCUIT FOR AN ELECTRIC MAGNET DRIVE |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0768683A1 EP0768683A1 (en) | 1997-04-16 |
| EP0768683B1 true EP0768683B1 (en) | 1999-05-12 |
Family
ID=9483536
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96402114A Expired - Lifetime EP0768683B1 (en) | 1995-10-12 | 1996-10-04 | Supply circuit for an excitation coil of an electromagnet |
Country Status (16)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5805405A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0768683B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3792314B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1136590C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU710707B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9605102A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2187662C (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ287509B6 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69602407T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2131382T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2739969B1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU221224B1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9604704A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL181225B1 (en) |
| SG (1) | SG52852A1 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW409448B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE0202689D0 (en) * | 2002-09-11 | 2002-09-11 | Siemens Elema Ab | Electromagnetic Brake Assembly and Power Supply |
| DE102017119600B4 (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2019-06-27 | Infineon Technologies Austria Ag | A method of driving a non-insulated gate transistor device, drive circuit and electronic circuit |
| US10468966B1 (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2019-11-05 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Gate interface circuit |
| WO2020151805A1 (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2020-07-30 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Direct current circuit breaker device |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE756904A (en) * | 1969-10-24 | 1971-03-01 | Lucifer Sa | ELECTRO-MAGNET CONTROL DEVICE |
| CH523583A (en) * | 1971-04-23 | 1972-05-31 | Lucifer Sa | Control device of an electromagnet |
| DE2132717A1 (en) * | 1971-07-01 | 1973-01-18 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | ACTUATION CIRCUIT FOR HIGH SWITCHING SPEED SOLENOID VALVES, IN PARTICULAR A HYDRAULIC CONTROL DEVICE |
| FR2290009A1 (en) * | 1974-10-28 | 1976-05-28 | Telemecanique Electrique | ELECTRO-MAGNETS AND ELECTRO-MAGNETS SUPPLY CIRCUITS INCLUDING THESE CIRCUITS |
| CH607260A5 (en) * | 1975-09-05 | 1978-11-30 | Lucifer Sa | |
| US4227231A (en) * | 1978-09-05 | 1980-10-07 | Eaton Corporation | Integral relay low voltage retentive means |
| JPS5828074A (en) * | 1981-08-11 | 1983-02-18 | Nachi Fujikoshi Corp | Solenoid valve |
| KR900009058B1 (en) * | 1987-02-25 | 1990-12-17 | 미쓰비시전기 주식회사 | Switch controller for starter motor |
| JPH0528727Y2 (en) * | 1988-03-31 | 1993-07-23 |
-
1995
- 1995-10-12 FR FR9512077A patent/FR2739969B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-10-04 DE DE69602407T patent/DE69602407T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-04 EP EP96402114A patent/EP0768683B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-04 ES ES96402114T patent/ES2131382T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-08 TW TW085112274A patent/TW409448B/en active
- 1996-10-10 US US08/729,284 patent/US5805405A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-10 MX MX9604704A patent/MX9604704A/en unknown
- 1996-10-10 CA CA002187662A patent/CA2187662C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-10-11 HU HU9602811A patent/HU221224B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-11 AU AU68167/96A patent/AU710707B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-10-11 JP JP26987096A patent/JP3792314B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-10-11 BR BR9605102A patent/BR9605102A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-11 PL PL96316485A patent/PL181225B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-11 CZ CZ19962985A patent/CZ287509B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-12 CN CNB961192739A patent/CN1136590C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-10-12 SG SG1996010854A patent/SG52852A1/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PL316485A1 (en) | 1997-04-14 |
| JPH09161637A (en) | 1997-06-20 |
| JP3792314B2 (en) | 2006-07-05 |
| CN1151597A (en) | 1997-06-11 |
| CN1136590C (en) | 2004-01-28 |
| EP0768683A1 (en) | 1997-04-16 |
| US5805405A (en) | 1998-09-08 |
| FR2739969B1 (en) | 1997-11-14 |
| FR2739969A1 (en) | 1997-04-18 |
| ES2131382T3 (en) | 1999-07-16 |
| AU710707B2 (en) | 1999-09-30 |
| CZ287509B6 (en) | 2000-12-13 |
| CA2187662C (en) | 1999-09-07 |
| HUP9602811A2 (en) | 1997-07-28 |
| DE69602407T2 (en) | 1999-09-23 |
| PL181225B1 (en) | 2001-06-29 |
| AU6816796A (en) | 1997-07-31 |
| HU221224B1 (en) | 2002-08-28 |
| HU9602811D0 (en) | 1996-11-28 |
| DE69602407D1 (en) | 1999-06-17 |
| CA2187662A1 (en) | 1997-04-13 |
| TW409448B (en) | 2000-10-21 |
| MX9604704A (en) | 1997-04-30 |
| HUP9602811A3 (en) | 2000-03-28 |
| BR9605102A (en) | 1998-07-07 |
| CZ298596A3 (en) | 1998-09-16 |
| SG52852A1 (en) | 1998-09-28 |
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