EP0766149B1 - Means for determining the position of indicating hands - Google Patents

Means for determining the position of indicating hands Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0766149B1
EP0766149B1 EP96115517A EP96115517A EP0766149B1 EP 0766149 B1 EP0766149 B1 EP 0766149B1 EP 96115517 A EP96115517 A EP 96115517A EP 96115517 A EP96115517 A EP 96115517A EP 0766149 B1 EP0766149 B1 EP 0766149B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gearwheel
light
apertures
gear
reflector element
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EP96115517A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0766149A3 (en
EP0766149A2 (en
Inventor
Reiner Dipl.-Ing. Häcker
Klaus Dipl.-Ing. Katzmann
Friedhelm Dipl.-Ing. Wieg
Eberhard Dipl.-Phys. Weisheit
Jürgen Dipl.-Phys. Zacharias
Hans Pilz
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Helmut Hechinger GmbH and Co
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Helmut Hechinger GmbH and Co
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Priority claimed from DE29515478U external-priority patent/DE29515478U1/en
Priority claimed from DE19632011A external-priority patent/DE19632011A1/en
Application filed by Helmut Hechinger GmbH and Co filed Critical Helmut Hechinger GmbH and Co
Publication of EP0766149A2 publication Critical patent/EP0766149A2/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G04HOROLOGY
    • G04CELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/14Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means incorporating a stepping motor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for determining the position by means of a drive unit via gear wheels movable pointers with a one light transmitter, one light receiver and having at least one reflector element Reflex light barrier, with one in the beam path of the reflex light barrier protruding, at least one breakthrough, first gear wheel as well as with a light receiver downstream evaluation unit.
  • Means for determining a pointer position by means of Light barriers are, for example, from the German utility model G 88 12 431.2 are known and will be communicated with appropriately controlled stepper motors as the drive unit used especially for mechanical displays in radio clocks.
  • the facilities are designed such that only for a certain position of the gear wheels, i.e. For a specific step of the motor, light transmitter and light receiver the light barrier is optically coupled are. Any, but always detectable and thus reproducible gear position enables the assignment a specific time display. As a result, it is outgoing possible from this basic position, even after failure of the Power supply or when the watch is started for the first time make the pointer setting automatically and precisely.
  • German utility model G 94 18 446.1 a device is described in which three gear wheels have openings, the light transmitter and light receiver being firmly attached to one end of the wheels and a reflector element on the opposite side.
  • the light path is released or closed across all three gear wheels, with all three gear wheels taking up exactly one position with a clear light path.
  • the optical coupling between light transmitter and light receiver takes place with the inclusion of the stationary reflector element.
  • a corresponding evaluation circuit is provided to detect the optical coupling between light transmitter and light receiver.
  • the object of the invention is a device for determining the position of pointers indicate the low manufacturing cost requires and enables a compact design.
  • the mechanical device according to the invention Effort through a very simple design of the light barrier arrangement significantly reduced. It can also have aperture openings larger diameter can be applied to what especially with regard to the subsequent electronic Evaluation unit is advantageous. But above all, with high security each an odd number of optical Couplings achieved, which enables averaging.
  • a reflex light barrier with a light transmitter and a light receiver and at least one reflector element is provided in connection with a first gearwheel that projects into the beam path of the reflex light barrier and has at least one opening.
  • all of the reflector elements are arranged on a second gear wheel, with one of the openings in the first gear wheel and one of the reflector elements in the second gear wheel at certain positions of the gear wheels optically coupling the light transmitter and light receiver via the reflector element and the openings.
  • the light beam passes through the corresponding openings twice.
  • the further processing of signals emitted by the light receiver is carried out by an evaluation unit.
  • the device according to the invention are several openings of the same shape and size in the first Gear wheel provided.
  • the breakthroughs are all in one imagined, concentric to the axis of rotation of the first gear Circular line arranged in groups. Within one Group are the location angles of the breakthroughs apart from certain ones Shift angles are integer multiples of the smallest discrete step angle of the first gear.
  • Shift angles are integer multiples of the smallest discrete step angle of the first gear.
  • An increase in accuracy is also achieved by that both locally and functionally, i.e. within the Gear train, between the first and second gear wheel at least a protruding into the beam path of the light barrier another gear wheel arranged with at least one opening is.
  • the size, shape and position of the further gear wheel and its breakthroughs are designed in such a way that only one pass of the breakthroughs of the first gear per revolution of the second gear wheel to an optical Coupling of light transmitter and light receiver leads. This is a clear determination of the starting position possible.
  • the second gear only reflector element which once in Course of a rotary movement of the second gear wheel with the optical axis of the light barrier meets.
  • the openings of the first gear wheel also hit in the holding phases of the gear movement one after the other exactly or with constant deviation also with the optical Axis of the light barrier together.
  • the reflector element (s) is preferred in the second Gear wheel designed as a shiny metal print. Thereby become reflector elements with little effort and high accuracy realized and positioned. Beyond that this type of manufacture, especially for frequently used ones Gear wheels made of plastic can be used in a simple manner.
  • the first gearwheel with Second hand and the second gear wheel with the minute hand coupled When using the device according to the invention in watches and in the case of radio clocks in particular, the first gearwheel with Second hand and the second gear wheel with the minute hand coupled.
  • the second gear preferably has a reflector element and the first gear four as pinholes trained, arranged in a single group Breakthroughs. Within the group are the pinholes, apart from defined displacement angles, at an angle, preferably of 48 degrees each, next to each other on a Gear wheel center arranged concentric circular line.
  • a further gear wheel protruding into the beam path has a breakthrough designed as a slit and is both locally and functionally between the first and second Gear wheel arranged. This, for example, in conjunction with a stepper motor as a drive unit in particular embodiment suitable for radio clocks offers with little A high degree of accuracy in determining the pointer positions.
  • the evaluation circuit preferably forms other the mean of the number of consecutive Times at which an optical coupling takes place, and sets a gear step corresponding to the mean as the starting position of the setting of the position of the gear wheels based. This will also be proportionate low means high accuracy in position determination achieved.
  • the device according to the invention is a transmission for a clockwork provided that has several gears. It deals gears, their gears and gear links with the gear teeth for better clarity were omitted in the drawing, so that only the wheel disks are visible.
  • One with one Shaft 14 rigidly connected gear wheel serves as a second wheel 1, via which a shaft concentric with the shaft 14 13 rigidly coupled gear wheel provided as minute wheel 2 is driven. Between second and minute wheel 1, 2 is located both in the gear train and from the spatial Location ago provided as an intermediate gear 3 gear.
  • the intermediate wheel 3 finally is placed on a shaft 15.
  • a reflector element 12 is attached to the minute wheel 2, that by means of a metal print on the manufactured as plastic Minute wheel 2 is applied.
  • the second wheel contains 1 four as perforated diaphragms 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d with circular Cross-sectional openings formed side by side in a group on an imaginary axis of rotation of the shaft 14 concentric circular line 10 are arranged.
  • the detection of the angular position of minute wheel 2 and second wheel 1 takes place by means of an optoelectronic reflex coupler 4, its light transmitter 5 and its light receiver 6 are arranged in one plane.
  • the reflex coupler 4 forms in conjunction with the reflector element 12, a reflected light barrier.
  • the optical axis 7 of the reflex coupler 4 runs starting from the center of the connecting line between Light transmitter 5 and light receiver 6 perpendicular to the reflex coupler 4 and substantially parallel to the shafts 13, 14 and 15 away from the reflex coupler 4.
  • An evaluation circuit 16 following the light receiver which among other things the successive average Forms coupling events, determined from this mean corresponding gear step an initial position of the Transmission.
  • This starting position is then an exact, gearbox setting corresponding to a predetermined value based on.
  • a value is, for example provided by a time signal receiver.
  • about the evaluation device 16 can then suitably not shown in the drawing stepper motor the gear move to the desired position.
  • the four perforated apertures 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, which are along the imaginary Circular line 10 are arranged in a group with each other position angle 9a, 9b, 9c. These are apart integer from a well-defined displacement angle Multiples of the smallest discrete step angle of the seconds wheel 1.
  • the arrangement of the pinhole 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d relative for the interlocking is not defined.
  • the shift angle are determined by the mechanical tolerances of the individual Components and the gear assembly and by the size of the Backlash of the gear wheels determined. You choose the displacement angle is distributed as evenly as possible between 0 ° and half the step angle of the second wheel 1 in positive and negative direction.
  • Half the step angle of the seconds wheel 1 is generally 3 °.
  • the step angle of 6 ° results from the angle of 360 ° in one revolution as well as 60 individual ones corresponding to one second each Steps of the second wheel 1.
  • n is an integer and the
  • the displacement angle ⁇ is 8a for the aperture hole 0 °, for 8b exactly + 1 °, for 8c exactly -1 ° and for 8d either -2 ° or + 2 °.
  • the individual displacement angles - ⁇ must always be less than 3 °.
  • the intermediate gear 3 ensures that only once during one full rotation of the minute wheel 2 an optical coupling through one of the perforated diaphragms 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d.
  • the length of the slit diaphragm 11 must be chosen accordingly.
  • second wheel 1, intermediate wheel 3 and minute wheel 2 in the position in which the optical coupling occurs be arranged exactly to each other. Because these three wheels 1, 2, 3 are coupled via their gears, the remains Mounting position of the panel system to each other and in relation to the optical axis 7 except for the usual angular deviations received for example due to the backlash. So is ensures high reproducibility of the synchronous position, although the arrangement is not exactly as usual reflex light barrier aligned to one gear step having.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

The device provides the position of a pointer driven via gearwheels (1,2,3) using openings (8a,8b,8c,8d,11) in at least one of the gearwheels. The openings are inserted in the path of a reflection light barrier (4,12). One or more reflector elements (12) are attached to a further gearwheel. The light signal provided by the sensor (6) for the light barrier is fed to an evaluation stage for calculating the angular position of the gearwheels and hence the position of the pointer.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Einrichtung zum Bestimmen der Position von mittels einer Antriebseinheit über Getrieberäder bewegbaren Zeigern mit einer einen Lichtsender, einen Lichtempfänger und mindestens ein Reflektorelement aufweisenden Reflexlichtschranke, mit einem in den Strahlengang der Reflexlichtschranke ragenden, mindestens einen Durchbruch aufweisenden, ersten Getrieberad sowie mit einer dem Lichtempfänger nachgeschalteten Auswerteeinheit. The invention relates to a device for determining the position by means of a drive unit via gear wheels movable pointers with a one light transmitter, one light receiver and having at least one reflector element Reflex light barrier, with one in the beam path of the reflex light barrier protruding, at least one breakthrough, first gear wheel as well as with a light receiver downstream evaluation unit.

Einrichtungen zum Bestimmen einer Zeigerposition mittels Lichtschranken sind beispielsweise aus dem deutschen Gebrauchsmuster G 88 12 431.2 bekannt und werden in Verbindung mit entsprechend gesteuerten Schrittmotoren als Antriebseinheit insbesondere für mechanische Anzeigen bei Funkuhren eingesetzt. Die Einrichtungen sind dabei derart ausgebildet, daß nur für eine bestimmte Stellung der Getrieberäder, d.h. für einen bestimmten Schritt des Motors, Lichtsender und Lichtempfänger der Lichtschranke optisch miteinander gekoppelt sind. Diese beliebige, aber immer wieder detektierbare und damit reproduzierbare Getriebestellung ermöglicht die Zuordnung einer bestimmten Zeitanzeige. Demzufolge ist es ausgehend von dieser Grundstellung möglich, auch nach Ausfall der Stromversorgung oder bei der ersten Inbetriebnahme der Uhr die Zeigereinstellung automatisch und exakt vorzunehmen.Means for determining a pointer position by means of Light barriers are, for example, from the German utility model G 88 12 431.2 are known and will be communicated with appropriately controlled stepper motors as the drive unit used especially for mechanical displays in radio clocks. The facilities are designed such that only for a certain position of the gear wheels, i.e. For a specific step of the motor, light transmitter and light receiver the light barrier is optically coupled are. Any, but always detectable and thus reproducible gear position enables the assignment a specific time display. As a result, it is outgoing possible from this basic position, even after failure of the Power supply or when the watch is started for the first time make the pointer setting automatically and precisely.

Nachteilig ist, daß nur dann eine einzelne, bestimmte Getriebestellung detektiert wird, wenn zur Detektion der Getriebestellung Zwischenräder mit großen Winkelschrittbewegungen oder sehr kleine Durchbruchsöffnungen verwendet werden. Da die Durchbruchsöffnungen nicht beliebig klein ausgeführt werden können, sind häufig mehrere Zwischenräder, d.h. weitere Getrieberäder zwischen Antriebsmotor und Sekundenrad oder weitere Räder mit Lochblenden neben dem Sekunden-, Minuten- und Stundenrad im Strahlengang der Lichtschranke vorzusehen. Dies bedingt häufig einen für Uhrengetriebe untypischen, aufwendigen Aufbau.The disadvantage is that only then a single, specific gear position is detected when to detect the gear position Intermediate wheels with large angular step movements or very small breakthrough openings can be used. There the breakthrough openings are not made arbitrarily small are often multiple idler gears, i.e. Further Gear wheels between drive motor and second wheel or other wheels with pinholes in addition to the seconds, minutes and hour wheel in the beam path of the light barrier. This often requires a complex, atypical process for watch transmissions Construction.

In dem deutschen Gebrauchsmuster G 94 18 446.1 ist eine Einrichtung beschrieben, bei der drei Getrieberäder Durchbrüche aufweisen, wobei Lichtsender und Lichtempfänger auf einer Stirnseite der Räder und ein Reflektorelement auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite fest angebracht ist. In einem Schritt eines Schrittmotors wird der Lichtweg über alle drei Getrieberäder hinweg freigegeben oder geschlossen, wobei bei freiem Lichtweg alle drei Zahnräder exakt eine Position einnehmen.
Die optische Kopplung zwischen Lichtsender und Lichtempfänger erfolgt dabei unter Einbeziehung des stationären Reflektorelements. Zur Erkennung der optischen Kopplung zwischen Lichtsender und Lichtempfänger ist eine entsprechende Auswerteschaltung vorgesehen.
In the German utility model G 94 18 446.1 a device is described in which three gear wheels have openings, the light transmitter and light receiver being firmly attached to one end of the wheels and a reflector element on the opposite side. In one step of a stepper motor, the light path is released or closed across all three gear wheels, with all three gear wheels taking up exactly one position with a clear light path.
The optical coupling between light transmitter and light receiver takes place with the inclusion of the stationary reflector element. A corresponding evaluation circuit is provided to detect the optical coupling between light transmitter and light receiver.

Da die Durchbrüche jeweils zweimal vom Lichtstrahl durchlaufen werden, kann bei gleicher Genauigkeit die Anzahl der Getrieberäder mit Durchbrüchen verringert werden. Darüber hinaus wird durch eine seitliche Anbringung von Lichtsender und Lichtempfänger eine kompakte Bauweise des Uhrwerks erreicht. Bei einer Reflexlichtanordnung mit starrem Reflektorelement ist zwar der Herstellungsaufwand geringer, jedoch wird zusätzlich Raum zur Anbringung des Reflektorelements benötigt.Because the breakthroughs pass through the light beam twice the number of gears can be the same accuracy be reduced with breakthroughs. Furthermore is by a side attachment of light transmitter and Light receiver achieved a compact construction of the clockwork. With a reflex light arrangement with a rigid reflector element the manufacturing effort is lower, but is additional Space required to attach the reflector element.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Einrichtung zum Bestimmen der Position von Zeigern anzugeben, die geringen Herstellungsaufwand erfordert und eine kompakte Bauweise ermöglicht.The object of the invention is a device for determining the position of pointers indicate the low manufacturing cost requires and enables a compact design.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit den im Patentanspruch 1 genannten Merkmalen gelöst.This object is achieved with those mentioned in claim 1 Features resolved.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are in the subclaims specified.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung wird der mechanische Aufwand durch eine sehr einfache Gestaltung der Lichtschrankenanordnung erheblich reduziert. Darüber hinaus können Blendenöffnungen mit größerem Durchmesser angewendet werden, was insbesondere im Hinblick auf die nachfolgende elektronische Auswerteeinheit vorteilhaft ist. Vor allem werden aber mit hoher Sicherheit jeweils eine ungerade Anzahl von optischen Kopplungen erzielt, was eine Mittelwertbildung ermöglicht.The mechanical device according to the invention Effort through a very simple design of the light barrier arrangement significantly reduced. It can also have aperture openings larger diameter can be applied to what especially with regard to the subsequent electronic Evaluation unit is advantageous. But above all, with high security each an odd number of optical Couplings achieved, which enables averaging.

Dies wird dadurch ermöglicht, daß zur Positionbestimmung eine Reflexlichtschranke mit einem Lichtsender und einem Lichtempfänger und mindestens einem Reflektorelement in Verbindung mit einem in den Strahlengang der Reflexlichtschranke ragenden, mindestens einen Durchbruch aufweisenden ersten Getrieberad vorgesehen sind. Dabei sind erfindungsgemäß sämtliche Reflektorelemente auf einem zweiten Getrieberad angeordnet, wobei jeweils mittels eines der Durchbrüche beim ersten Getrieberad und jeweils eines der Reflektorelemente beim zweiten Getrieberad bei bestimmten Positionen der Getrieberäder eine optische Kopplung von Lichtsender und Lichtempfänger über das Reflektorelement und die Durchbrüche gegeben ist.
Die entsprechenden Durchbrüche werden vom Lichtstrahl dabei zweimal durchlaufen. Die Weiterverarbeitung vom Lichtempfänger abgegebener Signale erfolgt durch eine Auswerteeinheit.
This is made possible by the fact that a reflex light barrier with a light transmitter and a light receiver and at least one reflector element is provided in connection with a first gearwheel that projects into the beam path of the reflex light barrier and has at least one opening. According to the invention, all of the reflector elements are arranged on a second gear wheel, with one of the openings in the first gear wheel and one of the reflector elements in the second gear wheel at certain positions of the gear wheels optically coupling the light transmitter and light receiver via the reflector element and the openings.
The light beam passes through the corresponding openings twice. The further processing of signals emitted by the light receiver is carried out by an evaluation unit.

Bei einer Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung sind mehrere Durchbrüche gleicher Form und Größe beim ersten Getrieberad vorgesehen. Die Durchbrüche sind dabei auf einer gedachten, zur Drehachse des ersten Getrieberades konzentrischen Kreislinie gruppenweise angeordnet. Innerhalb einer Gruppe sind die Lagewinkel der Durchbrüche abgesehen von bestimmten Verschiebewinkeln ganzzahlige Vielfache des kleinsten diskreten Schrittwinkels des ersten Getrieberades. Durch die gruppenweise Anordnung der Durchbrüche wird erreicht, daß während der Schrittbewegung und in verschiedenen Lagen des Getriebes immer mindestens einer der Durchbrüche annähernd exakt mittig zur optischen Achse der Lichtschranke ausgerichtet ist. Diese Stellung garantiert, daß eine ungeradzahlige Anzahl von auswertbaren optischen Kopplungen während der Schrittabfolge durch mindestens einen der Durchbrüche hervorgerufen wird. Die Gruppierung der Durchbrüche sowie die Anordnung der Durchbrüche innerhalb einer Gruppe werden bevorzugt bei gattungsgemäßen Einrichtungen angewendet, können aber in gleicher Weise auch in Verbindung mit Lichtschranken, die einander gegenüberliegende oder in sonstiger Weise angeordnete Lichtsender und Lichtempfänger aufweisen, angewendet werden.In one embodiment of the device according to the invention are several openings of the same shape and size in the first Gear wheel provided. The breakthroughs are all in one imagined, concentric to the axis of rotation of the first gear Circular line arranged in groups. Within one Group are the location angles of the breakthroughs apart from certain ones Shift angles are integer multiples of the smallest discrete step angle of the first gear. By the grouped arrangement of the breakthroughs is achieved in that during the step movement and in different positions of the Gearbox always approximates at least one of the breakthroughs aligned exactly in the center of the optical axis of the light barrier is. This position guarantees that an odd number Number of evaluable optical couplings during the Sequence of steps caused by at least one of the breakthroughs becomes. The grouping of the breakthroughs as well as the arrangement breakthroughs within a group are preferred applied to generic facilities, can but in the same way also in connection with light barriers, the opposite or otherwise arranged Have light emitter and light receiver applied become.

Eine Erhöhung der Genauigkeit wird zudem dadurch erreicht, daß sowohl örtlich als auch funktionell, d.h. innerhalb des Getriebezuges, zwischen erstem und zweitem Getrieberad mindestens ein in den Strahlengang der Lichtschranke ragendes weiteres Getrieberad mit mindestens einem Durchbruch angeordnet ist.An increase in accuracy is also achieved by that both locally and functionally, i.e. within the Gear train, between the first and second gear wheel at least a protruding into the beam path of the light barrier another gear wheel arranged with at least one opening is.

Weiterhin können Größe, Form und Position des weiteren Getrieberades sowie dessen Durchbrüche derart ausgebildet werden, daß nur ein Durchlauf der Durchbrüche des ersten Getrieberades pro Umdrehung des zweiten Getrieberades zu einer optischen Kopplung von Lichtsender und Lichtempfänger führt. Damit ist eine eindeutige Bestimmung der Ausgangsposition möglich. Furthermore, the size, shape and position of the further gear wheel and its breakthroughs are designed in such a way that only one pass of the breakthroughs of the first gear per revolution of the second gear wheel to an optical Coupling of light transmitter and light receiver leads. This is a clear determination of the starting position possible.

Unterstützend hierzu kann beim zweiten Getrieberad nur ein einziges Reflektorelement vorgesehen werden, das einmal im Verlauf einer Drehbewegung des zweiten Getrieberades mit der optischen Achse der Lichtschranke zusammentrifft. Darüber hinaus treffen dabei die Durchbrüche des ersten Getrieberades in den Haltephasen der Getriebewegung nacheinander jeweils genau oder mit konstanter Abweichung ebenfalls mit der optischen Achse der Lichtschranke zusammen.To support this, only one can be used for the second gear only reflector element are provided, which once in Course of a rotary movement of the second gear wheel with the optical axis of the light barrier meets. About that the openings of the first gear wheel also hit in the holding phases of the gear movement one after the other exactly or with constant deviation also with the optical Axis of the light barrier together.

Bevorzugt wird das bzw. die Reflektorelement(e) beim zweiten Getrieberad als glänzender Metallaufdruck ausgeführt. Dadurch werden mit geringem Aufwand und hoher Genauigkeit Reflektorelemente realisiert und positioniert. Darüber hinaus ist diese Herstellungsart insbesondere auch bei häufig verwendeten Getrieberädern aus Kunststoff auf einfache Weise anwendbar.The reflector element (s) is preferred in the second Gear wheel designed as a shiny metal print. Thereby become reflector elements with little effort and high accuracy realized and positioned. Beyond that this type of manufacture, especially for frequently used ones Gear wheels made of plastic can be used in a simple manner.

Bei Anwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung bei Uhren und insbesondere bei Funkuhren ist das erste Getrieberad mit dem Sekundenzeiger und das zweite Getrieberad mit dem Minutenzeiger gekoppelt. Dabei weist das zweite Getrieberad bevorzugt ein Reflektorelement und das erste Getrieberad vier als Lochblenden ausgebildete, in einer einzigen Gruppe angeordnete Durchbrüche auf. Innerhalb der Gruppe sind die Lochblenden, abgesehen von definierten Verschiebewinkeln, im Winkel, vorzugsweise von jeweils 48 Grad, nebeneinander auf einer zum Getrieberadmittelpunkt konzentrischen Kreislinie angeordnet. Ein in den Strahlengang ragendes, weiteres Getrieberad weist einen als Schlitzblende ausgebildeten Durchbruch auf und ist sowohl örtlich als auch funktionell zwischen erstem und zweiten Getrieberad angeordnet. Diese beispielsweise in Verbindung mit einem Schrittmotor als Antriebseinheit insbesondere für Funkuhren geeignete Ausführungsform bietet mit geringem Aufwand eine hohe Genauigkeit bei der Bestimmung der Zeigerpositionen.When using the device according to the invention in watches and in the case of radio clocks in particular, the first gearwheel with Second hand and the second gear wheel with the minute hand coupled. The second gear preferably has a reflector element and the first gear four as pinholes trained, arranged in a single group Breakthroughs. Within the group are the pinholes, apart from defined displacement angles, at an angle, preferably of 48 degrees each, next to each other on a Gear wheel center arranged concentric circular line. A further gear wheel protruding into the beam path has a breakthrough designed as a slit and is both locally and functionally between the first and second Gear wheel arranged. This, for example, in conjunction with a stepper motor as a drive unit in particular embodiment suitable for radio clocks offers with little A high degree of accuracy in determining the pointer positions.

Die Auswerteschaltung schließlich bildet vorzugsweise unter anderem den Mittelwert der Anzahl aufeinanderfolgenden Zeitpunkten, bei denen eine optische Kopplung stattfindet, und legt einen dem Mittelwert entsprechenden Getriebeschritt als Ausgangsposition der Einstellung der Position der Getrieberäder zugrunde. Dadurch wird ebenfalls mit verhältnismäßig geringen Mitteln eine hohe Genauigkeit bei der Positionsbestimmung erzielt.Finally, the evaluation circuit preferably forms other the mean of the number of consecutive Times at which an optical coupling takes place, and sets a gear step corresponding to the mean as the starting position of the setting of the position of the gear wheels based. This will also be proportionate low means high accuracy in position determination achieved.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand eines in der Zeichnung gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung zur Positionsbestimmung von Zeigern näher beschrieben.The invention is described below with reference to a drawing shown embodiment of the device according to the invention for determining the position of pointers described in more detail.

Bei dem in der Zeichnung gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung ist ein Getriebe für ein Uhrwerk vorgesehen, das mehrere Getrieberäder aufweist. Es handelt sich dabei um Zahnräder, deren Verzahnungen und Getriebeverknüpfungen mit der Triebverzahnung der besseren Übersichtlichkeit halber in der Zeichnung weggelassen wurden, so daß jeweils nur die Radscheiben zu sehen sind. Ein mit einer Welle 14 starr verbundenes Getrieberad dient als Sekundenrad 1, über das ein mit einer zur Welle 14 konzentrischen Welle 13 starr gekoppeltes, als Minutenrad 2 vorgesehenes Getrieberad angetrieben wird. Zwischen Sekunden- und Minutenrad 1, 2 befindet sich sowohl im Getriebezug als auch von der räumlichen Lage her ein als Zwischenrad 3 vorgesehenes Getrieberad. In der Zeichnung ist ebenfalls nicht dargestellt, daß die Welle 14 mit einem Sekundenzeiger und die Welle 13 mit einem Minutenzeiger starr gekoppelt ist. Das Zwischenrad 3 schließlich ist auf eine Welle 15 aufgesetzt.In the embodiment shown in the drawing The device according to the invention is a transmission for a clockwork provided that has several gears. It deals gears, their gears and gear links with the gear teeth for better clarity were omitted in the drawing, so that only the wheel disks are visible. One with one Shaft 14 rigidly connected gear wheel serves as a second wheel 1, via which a shaft concentric with the shaft 14 13 rigidly coupled gear wheel provided as minute wheel 2 is driven. Between second and minute wheel 1, 2 is located both in the gear train and from the spatial Location ago provided as an intermediate gear 3 gear. In the drawing it is also not shown that the shaft 14 with a second hand and the shaft 13 with a minute hand is rigidly coupled. The intermediate wheel 3 finally is placed on a shaft 15.

An dem Minutenrad 2 ist ein Reflektorelement 12 befestigt, das mittels eines Metalldrucks auf das als Kunststoff hergestelle Minutenrad 2 aufgebracht ist. Das Sekundenrad 1 enthält vier als Lochblenden 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d mit kreisförmigem Querschnitt ausgebildete Durchbrüche, die in einer Gruppe nebeneinander auf einer gedachten, zur Drehachse der Welle 14 konzentrischen Kreislinie 10 angeordnet sind. Darüber hinaus weist auch das Zwischenrad 3 einen Durchbruch 11 auf, der als Schlitzblende entlang eines Teiles des Umfanges des Zwischenrades 3 ausgeführt ist.A reflector element 12 is attached to the minute wheel 2, that by means of a metal print on the manufactured as plastic Minute wheel 2 is applied. The second wheel contains 1 four as perforated diaphragms 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d with circular Cross-sectional openings formed side by side in a group on an imaginary axis of rotation of the shaft 14 concentric circular line 10 are arranged. Furthermore also has the intermediate wheel 3 an opening 11, which as Slit diaphragm along part of the circumference of the idler gear 3 is executed.

Die Erfassung der Winkelstellung von Minutenrad 2 und Sekundenrad 1 erfolgt mittels eines optoelektronischen Reflexkopplers 4, wobei dessen Lichtsender 5 und dessen Lichtempfänger 6 in einer Ebene angeordnet sind. Der Reflexkoppler 4 bildet in Verbindung mit dem Reflektorelement 12 eine Reflexlichtschranke. Die optische Achse 7 des Reflexkopplers 4 verläuft ausgehend vom Mittelpunkt der Verbindungslinie zwischen Lichtsender 5 und Lichtempfänger 6 senkrecht zum Reflexkoppler 4 und im wesentlichen parallel zu den Wellen 13, 14 und 15 vom Reflexkoppler 4 weg. In einer bestimmten Stellung von Minuten-, Zwischen- und Sekundenrad 2, 3, 1 tritt ein vom Lichtsender 5 ausgehender Strahl durch eine der vier Lochblenden 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d -im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel durch die Lochblende 8a sowie die Schlitzblende 11 hindurch und trifft dann auf das Reflektorelement 12, von dem aus der Lichtstrahl wiederum durch die Schlitzblende 11 und die Lochblende 8a zum Lichtempfänger 6 zurückgeworfen wird. Der Lichtempfänger 6 detektiert dabei, ob der vom Lichtsender 5 ausgehende Lichtstrahl von dem Reflektorelement 12 ungehindert reflektiert wird und damit eine optische Kopplung zwischen Lichtsender 5 und Lichtempfänger 6 zustande gekommen ist. Befinden sich Sekundenrad 1, Minutenrad 2 und/oder Zwischenrad 3 nicht in der geeigneten Position, so wird der Lichtstrahl unterbrochen, was vom Lichtempfänger 6 entsprechend detektiert wird.The detection of the angular position of minute wheel 2 and second wheel 1 takes place by means of an optoelectronic reflex coupler 4, its light transmitter 5 and its light receiver 6 are arranged in one plane. The reflex coupler 4 forms in conjunction with the reflector element 12, a reflected light barrier. The optical axis 7 of the reflex coupler 4 runs starting from the center of the connecting line between Light transmitter 5 and light receiver 6 perpendicular to the reflex coupler 4 and substantially parallel to the shafts 13, 14 and 15 away from the reflex coupler 4. In a certain position of Minute, intermediate and second wheel 2, 3, 1 occurs from Light transmitter 5 outgoing beam through one of the four pinholes 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d in the present exemplary embodiment through the aperture 8a and the slit 11 and then meets the reflector element 12, from which the Light beam in turn through the slit 11 and the pinhole 8a is thrown back to the light receiver 6. The Light receiver 6 detects whether the light emitter 5 outgoing light beam from the reflector element 12 unhindered is reflected and thus an optical coupling between Light transmitter 5 and light receiver 6 came about is. There are second wheel 1, minute wheel 2 and / or idler wheel 3 is not in the appropriate position, the Light beam interrupted, which corresponds to the light receiver 6 is detected.

Eine dem Lichtempfänger nachfolgende Auswerteschaltung 16, die unter anderem den Mittelwert nacheinander stattfindender Kopplungsereignisse bildet, bestimmt aus einem diesem Mittelwert entsprechenden Getriebeschritt eine Ausgangsposition des Getriebes. Diese Ausgangsposition wird dann einer exakten, einem vorgegebenen Wert entsprechenden Einstellung des Getriebes zugrundegelegt. Ein derartiger Wert wird beispielsweise durch einen Zeitzeichenempfänger bereitgestellt. Über die Auswerteeinrichtung 16 kann dann in geeigneter Weise ein in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellter Schrittmotor das Getriebe in die gewünschte Position bringen.An evaluation circuit 16 following the light receiver, which among other things the successive average Forms coupling events, determined from this mean corresponding gear step an initial position of the Transmission. This starting position is then an exact, gearbox setting corresponding to a predetermined value based on. Such a value is, for example provided by a time signal receiver. about the evaluation device 16 can then suitably not shown in the drawing stepper motor the gear move to the desired position.

Die vier Lochblenden 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, die entlang der gedachten Kreislinie 10 in einer Gruppe angeordnet sind, haben dabei untereinander Lagewinkel 9a, 9b, 9c. Diese sind abgesehen von einem wohl definierten Verschiebewinkel ganzzahlige Vielfache des kleinsten diskreten Schrittwinkels des Sekundenrades 1. Die Anordnung der Lochblenden 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d relativ zur Verzahnung ist dabei nicht definiert. Die Verschiebewinkel werden durch mechanische Toleranzen der einzelnen Bestandteile und der Zahnradmontage sowie durch die Größe des Zahnflankenspiels der Getrieberäder bestimmt. Man wählt dabei die Verschiebewinkel möglichst gleichmäßig verteilt zwischen 0° und dem halben Schrittwinkel des Sekundenrads 1 in positiver und negativer Richtung. Der halbe Schrittwinkel des Sekundenrads 1 beträgt allgemein 3°. Der Schrittwinkel von 6° ergibt sich dabei aus dem Winkel von 360° bei einem Umlauf sowie von 60 jeweils einer Sekunde entsprechenden einzelnen Schritten des Sekundenrades 1.The four perforated apertures 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, which are along the imaginary Circular line 10 are arranged in a group with each other position angle 9a, 9b, 9c. These are apart integer from a well-defined displacement angle Multiples of the smallest discrete step angle of the seconds wheel 1. The arrangement of the pinhole 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d relative for the interlocking is not defined. The shift angle are determined by the mechanical tolerances of the individual Components and the gear assembly and by the size of the Backlash of the gear wheels determined. You choose the displacement angle is distributed as evenly as possible between 0 ° and half the step angle of the second wheel 1 in positive and negative direction. Half the step angle of the seconds wheel 1 is generally 3 °. The step angle of 6 ° results from the angle of 360 ° in one revolution as well as 60 individual ones corresponding to one second each Steps of the second wheel 1.

Vier Lochblenden 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d werden beispielsweise gemäß der Lagewinkel 9a=n·6°+1°; 9b=n·6°-1°; 9c=n·6°-2° oder 9c=n·6°+2° angeordnet. "n" ist eine ganze Zahl und der Verschiebungswinkel α beträgt für das Blendenloch 8a genau 0°, für 8b genau +1°, für 8c genau -1° und für 8d entweder -2° oder + 2°. Die einzelnen Verschiebungswinkel -α müssen dabei immer kleiner 3° sein. Durch diese Anordnung wird erreicht, daß während der Schrittbewegung und in verschiedenen Lagen des Getriebes immer mindestens eine der Lochblenden 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d annähernd mittig zur optischen Achse 7 ausgerichtet ist. Diese Stellung garantiert, daß eine ungerade Anzahl von auswertbaren optischen Kopplungen während der Schrittabfolge durch mindestens eine der Lochblenden 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d hervorgerufen wird.Four pinholes 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d are, for example, according to the attitude angle 9a = n · 6 ° + 1 °; 9b = n · 6 ° -1 °; 9c = n6 ° -2 ° or 9c = n6 ° + 2 °. "n" is an integer and the The displacement angle α is 8a for the aperture hole 0 °, for 8b exactly + 1 °, for 8c exactly -1 ° and for 8d either -2 ° or + 2 °. The individual displacement angles -α must always be less than 3 °. This arrangement will achieved that during the step movement and in different The gearbox must always be at least one of the perforated covers 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d aligned approximately centrally to the optical axis 7 is. This position guarantees that an odd Number of evaluable optical couplings during the Sequence of steps through at least one of the perforated screens 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d.

Nach einer vollständigen Umdrehung des Sekundenrads 1 steht fest, welche der Lochblenden 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d eine ungerade Anzahl von optischen Kopplungen liefert. Da die Winkelstellung der Lochblenden 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d bekannt ist, wird nun eine immer gleiche Synchronposition des Sekundenrads 1 unter Beachtung der Minutenradposition durch Weiterdrehen des Getriebes eingestellt. In dieser reproduzierbaren Position erfolgt die Zeigermontage.After a complete revolution of the second wheel 1 is determines which of the pinholes 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d an odd number of optical couplings. Because the angular position the aperture 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d is known, is now always one same synchronous position of the second wheel 1 taking into account the minute wheel position by turning the gearbox further set. This takes place in this reproducible position Pointer assembly.

In Verbindung mit einer (oder mehreren) Schlitzblende(n) 11 beim Zwischenrad 3 wird erreicht, daß nur einmal während einer vollen Umdrehung des Minutenrads 2 eine optische Kopplung durch eine der Lochblenden 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d möglich ist. Die Länge der Schlitzblende 11 muß dementsprechend gewählt werden. Außerdem müssen Sekundenrad 1, Zwischenrad 3 und Minutenrad 2 in der Stellung, in der die optische Kopplung auftritt, exakt zueinander angeordnet sein. Da diese drei Räder 1, 2, 3 über ihre Verzahnungen gekoppelt sind, bleibt die Montagestellung des Blendensystems zueinander und in Bezug zur optischen Achse 7 bis auf die üblichen Winkelabweichungen beispielsweise aufgrund des Zahnspiels erhalten. Somit ist eine hohe Reproduzierbarkeit der Synchronposition gewährleistet, obwohl die Anordnung nicht wie sonst üblich eine exakt auf einen Getriebeschritt ausgerichtete Reflexlichtschranke aufweist.In conjunction with one (or more) slit diaphragm (s) 11 the intermediate gear 3 ensures that only once during one full rotation of the minute wheel 2 an optical coupling through one of the perforated diaphragms 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d. The The length of the slit diaphragm 11 must be chosen accordingly. In addition, second wheel 1, intermediate wheel 3 and minute wheel 2 in the position in which the optical coupling occurs, be arranged exactly to each other. Because these three wheels 1, 2, 3 are coupled via their gears, the remains Mounting position of the panel system to each other and in relation to the optical axis 7 except for the usual angular deviations received for example due to the backlash. So is ensures high reproducibility of the synchronous position, although the arrangement is not exactly as usual reflex light barrier aligned to one gear step having.

Claims (9)

  1. Device for determining the position of pointers which can be moved by means of a drive unit by way of gearwheels (1, 2, 3), having a reflected-light barrier (4, 12) which has a light transmitter (5), a light receiver (6) and at least one reflector element (12), having a first gearwheel (1), which projects into the beam path of the reflected-light barrier (4, 12) and has at least one aperture, and having an evaluation unit (16) connected to the output of the light receiver (6), all the reflector elements (12) being arranged on a second gearwheel (2), optical coupling existing between the light transmitter (5) and the light receiver (6) in certain positions of the gearwheels (1, 2), in each case by means of an aperture in the first gearwheel (1) and a reflector element (12) on the second gearwheel (2), characterised in that a plurality of apertures (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d) of the same size and shape is provided in the first gearwheel (1), these being arranged in groups on a circle concentric with the axis of rotation of the first gearwheel (1), and in that, apart from certain displacement angles, the angular positions (9a, 9b, 9c) of the apertures (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d) within a group are integral multiples of the smallest discrete step angle of the first gearwheel (1).
  2. Device according to Claim 1, characterised in that at least one further gearwheel (3) projecting into the beam path and having at least one aperture (11) is provided between the first and the second gearwheel (1, 2) both in terms of location and in terms of function.
  3. Device according to Claim 2, characterised in that the size, shape and position of the further gearwheel (3) and its apertures (11) are designed in such a way that only a single pass of the apertures (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d) of the first gearwheel (1) per revolution of the second gearwheel (2) leads to optical coupling of the light transmitter (5) and the light receiver (6).
  4. Device according to Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that a single reflector element (12) is provided on the second gearwheel (2) and coincides with the optical axis of the reflected-light barrier (12, 4) once in the course of a rotation of the second gearwheel (2).
  5. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the apertures (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d) of the first gearwheel (1) each successively coincide, either precisely or with a constant deviation, with the optical axis of the reflected-light barrier (4, 12) in the holding phases of the movement of the gear.
  6. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that a shiny metal imprint is provided as reflector element(s) (12) on the second gearwheel (2).
  7. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the first gearwheel (1) is coupled to a second hand and the second gearwheel (2) is coupled to a minute hand.
  8. Device according to Claim 7, characterised in that the second gearwheel (2) has a reflector element (12) and the first gearwheel (1) has four apertures (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d) designed as pinhole apertures and arranged in a group, in that, apart from defined displacement angles, the pinhole apertures (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d) within the group are arranged adjacent to one another on a circle at an angle which is an integral multiple of the smallest discrete step angle, preferably 48 degrees, and in that a further gearwheel (3) has an aperture (11) designed as a slotted aperture and is arranged between the first and the second gearwheel (1, 2) both in terms of location and in terms of function, projecting into the beam path of the reflected-light barrier (4, 12).
  9. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that, inter alia, the evaluation circuit (16) forms the average of the number of successive events involving optical coupling between the light transmitter (5) and the light receiver (6) and assumes a gear step corresponding to the average as a starting position for the setting of the gearwheels.
EP96115517A 1995-09-28 1996-09-27 Means for determining the position of indicating hands Revoked EP0766149B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE29515478U 1995-09-28
DE29515478U DE29515478U1 (en) 1995-09-28 1995-09-28 Angle of rotation detection device for gearwheels, in particular a radio clock wheel transmission
DE19612103 1996-03-27
DE19612103 1996-03-27
DE19632011 1996-08-08
DE19632011A DE19632011A1 (en) 1995-09-28 1996-08-08 Device for determining the position of pointers

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EP0766149A2 EP0766149A2 (en) 1997-04-02
EP0766149A3 EP0766149A3 (en) 1999-02-24
EP0766149B1 true EP0766149B1 (en) 2002-03-20

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AT (1) ATE214815T1 (en)

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US5734474A (en) 1998-03-31
JPH09166671A (en) 1997-06-24
EP0766149A3 (en) 1999-02-24
EP0766149A2 (en) 1997-04-02
ATE214815T1 (en) 2002-04-15

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