EP0766131B1 - Photographic material having a red sensitized silver halide emulsion layer with improved heat sensitivity - Google Patents

Photographic material having a red sensitized silver halide emulsion layer with improved heat sensitivity Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0766131B1
EP0766131B1 EP96202665A EP96202665A EP0766131B1 EP 0766131 B1 EP0766131 B1 EP 0766131B1 EP 96202665 A EP96202665 A EP 96202665A EP 96202665 A EP96202665 A EP 96202665A EP 0766131 B1 EP0766131 B1 EP 0766131B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
group
silver halide
formula
class
dye
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EP96202665A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0766131A1 (en
Inventor
Richard Paul Garnsey
Pamela Mccue Ferguson
Richard Lee Parton
Paul Timothy Hahm
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Priority claimed from US08/629,419 external-priority patent/US5922525A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/16—X-ray, infrared, or ultraviolet ray processes
    • G03C5/164—Infrared processes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
    • G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
    • G03C1/09—Noble metals or mercury; Salts or compounds thereof; Sulfur, selenium or tellurium, or compounds thereof, e.g. for chemical sensitising
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
    • G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
    • G03C1/10—Organic substances
    • G03C1/12—Methine and polymethine dyes
    • G03C1/127—Methine and polymethine dyes the polymethine chain forming part of a carbocyclic ring
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C7/00—Multicolour photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents; Photosensitive materials for multicolour processes
    • G03C7/30—Colour processes using colour-coupling substances; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials
    • G03C7/392—Additives
    • G03C7/39296—Combination of additives
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
    • G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
    • G03C1/34—Fog-inhibitors; Stabilisers; Agents inhibiting latent image regression

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a photographic material having a red sensitized silver halide emulsion layer with improved heat sensitivity.
  • sensitizing efficiency is especially true in the red-sensitive layer of many color print photosensitive materials and is related to the red sensitizers reduction potential. Correlations between dye reduction potentials and sensitizing efficiency on high silver chloride emulsions are discussed by W. Vanassche, J. Photo. Sci., 21 , 180 (1973) and P. B. Gilman, Jr., Photo. Sci. & Eng. 18 , 475 (1974).
  • Another common problem with the red sensitive layer of color print paper which contains an emulsion that is primarily silver chloride is an undesirable sensitivity to temperature. An increase in temperature of the paper during exposure results in an increase in red speed of the red sensitive layer making it difficult for the photofinisher to adjust his printing conditions. This results in a loss in operating efficiency.
  • Material C has no propensity for heat sensitivity while Material A and B have equal propensity but in opposite directions.
  • Color photographic materials typically respond to three regions of the spectrum, red, green and blue with different emulsions and, as an example for color positive paper such as EKTACOLOR Paper, will produce cyan, magenta and yellow dye images when processed in Process RA-4. If the paper temperature changes during the day as it is printed such as due to changing ambient conditions or warming up in the printing environment, the prints can change in density causing a variability in the image produced. With color products a mis-match in the heat sensitivity response of the three layers results in a color shift in the prints.
  • EP-A-O 605,917 A2 describes red dyes that give high speed and reduced heat sensitivity when used on high chloride emulsions.
  • the heat sensitivity of the cyan layer is so low that it no longer matches that of the magenta and yellow records. This causes an undesirable color balance shift during thermal changes. It is therefore desirable to provide a means of adjusting the heat sensitivity in the cyan layer so as to match that of the magenta and yellow layers. It is toward this end that this invention is directed.
  • This invention relates to a silver halide photographic material comprising a red sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, the silver halide of which comprises silver halide grains prepared in the presence of a hexacoordination complex of rhenium, ruthenium or osmium with at least four cyanide ligands and comprising at least 90 mole percent silver chloride, wherein the emulsion contains a thiosulfonate compound and a sulfinate or seleninate compound and a dye of Class A and/or Class B: where,
  • the present invention provides photographic materials with a high silver chloride layer having high red sensitivity while at the same time having relatively low thermal sensitivity.
  • a method is described to adjust the heat sensitivity of the cyan layer so as to match that of the magenta and yellow layers to maintain color balance despite thermal fluctuations.
  • substituent group when reference in this application is made to a substituent "group”, this means that the substituent may itself be substituted or unsubstituted (for example "alkyl group” refers to a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl).
  • substituents on any “groups” referenced herein or where something is stated to be possibly substituted include the possibility of any groups, whether substituted or unsubstituted, which do not destroy properties necessary for the photographic utility. It will also be understood throughout this application that reference to a compound of a particular general formula includes those compounds of other more specific formula which specific formula falls within the general formula definition.
  • substituents on any of the mentioned groups can include known substituents, such as: halogen, for example, chloro, fluoro, bromo, iodo; alkoxy, particularly those with 1 to 6 carbon atoms (for example, methoxy, ethoxy); substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, particularly lower alkyl (for example, methyl, trifluoromethyl); alkenyl or thioalkyl (for example, methylthio or ethylthio), particularly either of those with 1 to 6 carbon atoms; substituted and unsubstituted aryl, particularly those having from 6 to 20 carbon atoms (for example, phenyl); and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, particularly those having a 5 or 6-membered ring containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, or S (for example, pyridyl, thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl); and others known in the art.
  • Alkyl substituents may specifically include "lower alkyl", that is having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, methyl or ethyl. Further, with regard to any alkyl group, alkylene group or alkenyl group, it will be understood that these can be branched or unbranched and include ring structures.
  • the silver halide emulsion can be prepared as described in U.S. Patent No. 4,945,035 of Keevert et al.
  • the silver halide emulsion is a "high chloride" emulsion containing at least 90 mole percent chloride, preferably at least 95 mole percent chloride and optimally at least 98 mole percent chloride.
  • Some silver bromide may be present; in particular, the possibility is also contemplated that the silver chloride could be treated with a bromide source to increase its sensitivity, although the bulk concentration of bromide in the resulting emulsion will typically be no more than 2 to 2.5 mole percent and preferably between 0.6 to 1.2 mole percent (the remainder being silver chloride).
  • the emulsion should contain less than 5 mole percent iodide, preferably less than 2 mole percent iodide.
  • the preferred hexacoordinated rhenium, ruthenium, and osmium cyanide complexes can be represented by the following formula: [Q(CN) 6-y L y ] -n where:
  • the bridging ligand is preferably a monoatomic monodentate ligand, such as a halide, for example, fluoride, chloride , bromide or iodide ligands, or a multielement ligand, for example, azide or thiocyanate ligands.
  • Q is ruthenium and y is 0.
  • the hexacoordinated complexes in most instances exhibit a net ionic charge.
  • One or more counter ions are therefore usually associated with the complex to form a charge neutral compound.
  • the counter ion is of little importance, since the complex and its counter ion or ions dissociate upon introduction into an aqueous medium, such as that employed for silver halide grain formation.
  • Ammonium and alkali metal counter ions are particularly suitable for anionic hexacoordinated complexes, since theses cations are known to be fully compatible with silver halide precipitation procedures.
  • Table I provides a listing of illustrative rhenium, ruthenium, and osmium cyanide coordination complexes.
  • the hexacoordination complex is preferably utilized in an amount of 1 X 10 -6 mole of complex per mole of silver in the emulsion.
  • the complex can be incorporated into the grains up to its solubility limit, typically 5 X 10 -4 mole per silver mole. An excess of the complex over its solubility limit in the grain can be tolerated, but normally any such excess is removed from the emulsion during washing.
  • Preferred concentrations of the complex are from 10 -5 to 10 -4 mole per silver mole.
  • the emulsion also contains a thiosulfonate compound and a sulfinate or seleninate compound.
  • the thiosulfonate compound is preferably a compound of formula (IV): T 1 ⁇ SO 2 S ⁇ Y 1 and the sulfinate compound is preferably a compound of formula (Va): T 2 ⁇ SO 2 ⁇ Y 2 and the seleninate compound is preferably a compound of formula (Vb) T 2 ⁇ SeO 2 ⁇ Y 2 wherein: Y 1 and Y 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of a metal ion and wherein D 1 , D 2 , D 3 , and D 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl of 1-3 carbon atoms, and T 1 and T 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl of 1 to 22 carbon atoms, an alkenyl of 2 to 22 carbon atoms, an alkynyl of 2
  • Suitable aryl groups are phenyl, tolyl, naphthyl, and of suitable alkenyl groups are cycloheptatrienyl, cyclooctatrienyl, and cyclononatrienyl.
  • suitable heterocyclic groups are pyrrolyl, furanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, thiofuranyl, pyridino, picolino, piperidino, morpholino, pyrrolidino, thiophene, oxazole, thiazole, imidazole, selenazole, tellurazole, triazole, tetrazole and oxadiazole.
  • T 1 or T 2 is a divalent linking group
  • the compound of formula (IV), (Va) or (Vb), respectively is polymeric, with the repeating unit being of formula (IV), (Va), or (Vb), respectively.
  • Y 1 and Y 2 are independently selected from Na + , K + and and T 1 and T 2 are independently selected from an unsubstituted phenyl group or a phenyl group substituted in one or two positions independently selected from the group consisting of an alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an acyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an hydroxyl, a phenyl, a tolyl, a naphthyl, a carboxy, a chloro, a bromo, a nitro, a cyano, an acetamido, a carbamoyl, an ureido, an unsubstituted amino, and an amino substituted with one or two alkyls being the same or different and each having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
  • Y 1 and Y 2 are each Na + or K + and T 1 and T 2 are each a tolyl group. Most preferred are the Na + or K + salts of p-toluene thiosulfonate and p-toluene sulfinate.
  • the emulsion comprises a dye of Class A of structural formula (I) or a dye of Class B of structural formula (II).
  • W 1 -W 8 each independently represent an alkyl, acyl, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonyl, carbonyl, carbamoyl, sulfamoyl, carboxyl, cyano, hydroxy, amino, acylamino, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfonyl, sulfonic acid, aryl, or aryloxy group, any of which may be substituted or unsubstituted, or a hydrogen or halogen atom, and provided further that adjacent ones of W 1 -W 8 can bonded to each other via their carbon atoms to form a condensed ring.
  • Class A dyes have structure I and substituents W 1 -W 8 are chosen such that J is ⁇ 0.0, or, alternatively, Class A dyes can also have the structure II provided substituents W 1 -W 8 are chosen such that J is ⁇ 0.24 and Class B dyes have structure II and substituents W 1 -W 8 are chosen such that J is ⁇ 0.10, or, alternatively, Class B dyes can also have structure I provided substituents W 1 -W 8 are chosen such that J is ⁇ -0.14.
  • Hammett ⁇ p values are discussed in Advanced Organic Chemistry 3rd Ed., J. March, (John Wiley Sons, NY; 1985). Note that the " p " subscript refers to the fact that the ⁇ values are measured with the substituents in the para position.
  • Z is a hydrogen or halogen atom or an alkyl group or substituted alkyl group, for example a 1 to 8 carbon atom alkyl group or substituted alkyl group.
  • Z is a relatively "flat" substituent, such as a hydrogen, halogen or a methyl (substituted or unsubstituted). More particularly Z may be a substituted or unsubstituted methyl or a hydrogen.
  • Z 1 and Z 2 are independently a 1 to 8 carbon alkyl group (for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl).
  • dye (I) may have the formula (Ia) and the dye of formula (II) may have the formula (IIa) in which:
  • R 1 or R 2 are alkyl of 1-8 carbon atoms, either of which alkyl may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • substituents include acid or acid salt groups (for example, sulfo or carboxy groups).
  • R 1 or R 2 could be, for example, 2-sulfobutyl, 3-sulfopropyl, sulfoethyl or hydroxyethyl.
  • the emulsion contains a dye of Class A and a dye of Class B.
  • Class A and B dyes used in photographic elements of the present invention are listed below in Table II but the present invention is not limited to the use of these dyes.
  • the emulsion preferably also contains an anti-aggregating agent.
  • an anti-aggregating agent is compound III which has the structure: wherein:
  • D is a divalent aromatic ring-containing moiety, preferably selected from the group consisting of:
  • M is a hydrogen atom or a cation so as to increase water solubility, such as an alkali metal ion (Na or K) or an ammonium ion.
  • Dyes of Class A and B and compounds of formula III can be prepared according to techniques that are well-known in the art, such as described in Hamer, Cyanine Dyes and Related Compounds, 1964 (publisher John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY) and James, The Theory of the Photographic Process 4th edition, 1977 (Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, NY).
  • the amount of sensitizing dye that is useful in the invention may be from 0.001 to 4.0 millimoles, but is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 4.0 millimoles per mole of silver halide and more preferably from 0.02 to 0.25 millimoles per mole of silver halide.
  • Optimum dye concentrations can be determined by methods known in the art.
  • Formula III compounds can be typically coated at 1/50 to 50 times the dye concentration, or more preferably 1 to 10 times.
  • the photographic materials of the present invention can contain tabular grain emulsions such as disclosed by Wey US 4,399,215; Kofron US 4,434,226; Maskasky US 4,400,463; and Maskasky US 4,713,323; as well as US 5,185,239; 5,183,732; 5,178,997; 5,178,998 and 5,217,858.
  • the grain size of the silver halide may have any distribution known to be useful in photographic compositions, and may be either polydipersed or monodispersed.
  • the silver halide grains to be used in the invention may be prepared according to methods known in the art, such as those described in Research Disclosure, (Kenneth Mason Publications Ltd, Emsworth, England), September, 1994, Number 365, Item 36544 (hereinafter referred to as Research Disclosure I) and James, The Theory of the Photographic Process. These include methods such as ammoniacal emulsion making, neutral or acid emulsion making, and others known in the art. These methods generally involve mixing a water soluble silver salt with a water soluble halide salt in the presence of a protective colloid, and controlling the temperature, pAg, pH values, etc, at suitable values during formation of the silver halide by precipitation. High chloride [1 0 0] tabular emulsions such as described in EP 534,395 can also be used.
  • the silver halide to be used in the invention may be advantageously subjected to chemical sensitization with compounds such as gold sensitizers (e.g., gold and sulfur) and others known in the art.
  • gold sensitizers e.g., gold and sulfur
  • Compounds and techniques useful for chemical sensitization of silver halide are known in the art and described in Research Disclosure I and the references cited therein.
  • Photographic emulsions generally include a vehicle for coating the emulsion as a layer of a photographic element.
  • Useful vehicles include both naturally occurring substances such as proteins, protein derivatives, cellulose derivatives (e.g., cellulose esters), gelatin (e.g., alkali-treated gelatin such as cattle bone or hide gelatin, or acid treated gelatin such as pigskin gelatin), gelatin derivatives (e.g., acetylated gelatin or phthalated gelatin), and others as described in Research Disclosure I .
  • Also useful as vehicles or vehicle extenders are hydrophilic water-permeable colloids.
  • polystyrene resin examples include synthetic polymeric peptizers, carriers, and/or binders such as poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl lactams), acrylamide polymers, polyvinyl acetals, polymers of alkyl and sulfoalkyl acrylates and methacrylates, hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetates, polyamides, polyvinyl pyridine, methacrylamide copolymers, as described in Research Disclosure I .
  • the vehicle can be present in the emulsion in any amount useful in photographic emulsions.
  • the emulsion can also include any of the addenda known to be useful in photographic emulsions.
  • Chemical sensitizers such as active gelatin, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, gold, platinum, palladium, iridium, osmium, rhenium, phosphorous, or combinations thereof. Chemical sensitization is generally carried out at pAg levels of from 5 to 10, pH levels of from 4 to 8, and temperatures of from 30 to 80°C, as illustrated in Research Disclosure, June 1975, item 13452 and U.S. Patent No. 3,772,031.
  • the silver halide is sensitized by a dye of Class A and/or a dye of Class B and, optionally, a compound of Formula III by methods known in the art, such as described in Research Disclosure I .
  • the compounds may be added to an emulsion of the silver halide grains and a hydrophilic colloid at any time prior to (e.g., during or after chemical sensitization) or simultaneous with the coating of the emulsion on a photographic element.
  • the resulting sensitized silver halide emulsion may be mixed with a dispersion of color image-forming coupler immediately before coating or in advance of coating (for example, 2 hours).
  • any type of emulsion e.g., negative-working emulsions such as surface-sensitive emulsions of unfogged internal latent image-forming emulsions, direct-positive emulsions such as surface fogged emulsions, or others described in, for example, Research Disclosure I
  • the above-described sensitizing dyes of Class A and Class B can be used alone, or may be used in combination with other sensitizing dyes, e.g. to also provide the silver halide with sensitivity to wavelengths of light outside the red region or to supersensitize the silver halide.
  • addenda in the emulsion may include antifoggants, especially a heterocyclic mercapto anti-foggant, stabilizers, filter dyes, light absorbing or reflecting pigments, vehicle hardeners such as gelatin hardeners, coating aids, dye-forming couplers, and development modifiers such as development inhibitor releasing couplers, timed development inhibitor releasing couplers, and bleach accelerators.
  • antifoggants especially a heterocyclic mercapto anti-foggant
  • stabilizers filter dyes
  • light absorbing or reflecting pigments vehicle hardeners such as gelatin hardeners, coating aids, dye-forming couplers, and development modifiers such as development inhibitor releasing couplers, timed development inhibitor releasing couplers, and bleach accelerators.
  • vehicle hardeners such as gelatin hardeners
  • coating aids such as dye-forming couplers
  • development modifiers such as development inhibitor releasing couplers, timed development inhibitor releasing couplers, and bleach accelerators.
  • the emulsion layer containing silver halide sensitized as described above can be coated simultaneously or sequentially with other emulsion layers, subbing layers, filter dye layers, interlayers, or overcoat layers, all of which may contain various addenda known to be included in photographic elements. These include antifoggants, oxidized developer scavengers, DIR couplers, antistatic agents, optical brighteners, light-absorbing or light-scattering pigments.
  • the layers of the photographic element can be coated onto a support using techniques well-known in the art. These techniques include immersion or dip coating, roller coating, reverse roll coating, air knife coating, doctor blade coating, stretch-flow coating, and curtain coating, to name a few.
  • the coated layers of the element may be chill-set or dried, or both. Drying may be accelerated by known techniques such as conduction, convection, radiation heating, or a combination thereof.
  • Photographic materials of the present invention can be black and white photographic elements but are preferably color photographic elements.
  • a color photographic element generally contains three silver emulsion layers or sets of layers (each set of layers often consisting of emulsions of the same spectral sensitivity but different speed): a blue-sensitive layer having a yellow dye-forming color coupler associated therewith; a green-sensitive layer having a magenta dye-forming color coupler associated therewith; and a red-sensitive layer having a cyan dye-forming color coupler associated therewith.
  • Those dye forming couplers are provided in the emulsion typically by first dissolving or dispersing them in a water immiscible, high boiling point organic solvent, the resulting mixture then being dispersed in the emulsion. Suitable solvents include those in European Patent Publication EP-A-O 273,430.
  • Dye-forming couplers are well-known in the art and are disclosed, for example, in Research Disclosure I .
  • Photographic elements of the present invention may also usefully include a magnetic recording layer as described in Research Disclosure, Item 34390, November 1992.
  • Photographic elements of the invention can be processed in any of a number of well-known photographic processes utilizing any of a number of well-known processing compositions, described, for example, in Research Disclosure I, or in James, The Theory of the Photographic Process 4th, 1977.
  • a high chloride halide emulsion was precipitated by equimolar addition of silver nitrate and sodium chloride solutions into a well-stirred reactor containing gelatin peptizer and thioether ripener.
  • the resultant emulsion contains cubic shaped grains of 0.38 ⁇ m in edgelength size.
  • Emulsions are compared in the presence and absence of ruthenium hexacyanide complex (K 4 Ru(CN) 6 ) as dopant at a level of 75 mppm. Portions of this emulsion were sensitized in the following manner.
  • the emulsion at 40°C was adjusted to a pH of 4.3 with nitric acid and a vAg of 129 with KCl followed by gold and sulfur sensitization.
  • the temperature was increased to 65°C and an antifoggant was added (1-(3-acetamidophenyl)-5-mercaptotetrazole, 0.95 x 10 -3 mol/molAg) and then combined with compound III-2 (22.3x 10 -5 mol/molAg) and then a soluble bromide was added at 1.1 mole%, the temperature was then decreased to 40°C and the pH of the emulsion was adjusted to 5.6 using NaOH solution.
  • the dyes in Table III were added at 3.64 x 10 -5 mole/silver mole, various levels being used.
  • Table IV the dyes were combined in various ratios to yield a total dye coverage of 3.64 x 10 -5 mole/silver mole.
  • the cyan coupler dispersion contained a cyan image forming coupler ((2-(alpha-(2,4-di-tert-amylphoxy)-butyramido-4,6-dichloro-5-ethyl phenyl)) (0.43g/m 2 , 39.3 mg/ft 2 ) and gelatin (0.85 g/m 2 , 77.0 g/ft 2 ).
  • the coupler dispersion was added to the dye/silver chloride emulsion immediately before coating.
  • the elements also included a gelatin overcoat (1.08 g/m 2 ) and a gelatin undercoat layer (3.23 g/m 2 ).
  • the layers were hardened with bis(vinylsulfonyl)methyl ether at 1.7% of the total gelatin weight. Materials were coated on a resin coated paper support.
  • TSS p-toluene thiosulfonate
  • TS p-toluene sulfinate
  • the elements were exposed to a light source designed to simulate a color negative print exposure.
  • the elements were then processed with RA-4 chemistry through a Colenta processor. This consists of color development (45 sec, 35°C), bleach-fix (45 sec, 35°C), and stabilization or water wash (90 sec, 35°C) followed by drying 60 sec, 60°C).
  • LIRF low intensity reciprocity failure measured by calculating the difference between 0.2 sec and 100 sec exposure.
  • a CR unit is defined as 0. 01 logE.
  • Heat sensitivity was measured by comparing coatings exposed at room temperature (22°C) with coatings exposed on a platen that was heated to 40°C (coatings are equilibrated on the platen for 1.5' before exposing). The difference in speed is taken as a measurement of heat sensitivity. (The magnitude of the heat sensitivity also has an exposure time dependence. Measurements reported here were an 1/10" exposure at 1.0 density point of the D log E curve.)
  • Emulsions are compared in the presence and absence of ruthenium hexacyanide complex (K 4 Ru(CN) 6 ) dopant at various levels including 50, 60, 75 mppm at various locations within the grain including bands of 75/80%, 75/90%, 80/92%.
  • K 4 Ru(CN) 6 ruthenium hexacyanide complex
  • Both single dyes (Table III) and dye combinations (Table IV) would be preferably used with a tiazinylstilbene compound such as Compound III-2.

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Description

    Field of the Invention
  • This invention relates to a photographic material having a red sensitized silver halide emulsion layer with improved heat sensitivity.
    • Background of the Invention
  • There is a great emphasis on high productivity in the photosensitive materials market. Photofinishers that use photosensitive paper to produce color prints desire short processing times in order to increase output. One way to obtain rapid processing is to accelerate the development time by increasing the chloride content of the emulsions; the higher the chloride content the higher the development rate. However, it is also known that the higher the chloride content is, the harder it is to obtain high, invariant photosensitivity. Emulsions that are primarily silver chloride are more difficult to spectrally sensitize than emulsions used previously such as silver bromide or chlorobromide emulsions because the conduction band of silver chloride is higher than that of silver bromide (C. R. Berry, Photo. Sci. & Eng. 19, 93, (1975)).
  • The problem with sensitizing efficiency is especially true in the red-sensitive layer of many color print photosensitive materials and is related to the red sensitizers reduction potential. Correlations between dye reduction potentials and sensitizing efficiency on high silver chloride emulsions are discussed by W. Vanassche, J. Photo. Sci., 21, 180 (1973) and P. B. Gilman, Jr., Photo. Sci. & Eng. 18, 475 (1974). Another common problem with the red sensitive layer of color print paper which contains an emulsion that is primarily silver chloride, is an undesirable sensitivity to temperature. An increase in temperature of the paper during exposure results in an increase in red speed of the red sensitive layer making it difficult for the photofinisher to adjust his printing conditions. This results in a loss in operating efficiency.
  • An example of heat sensitivity is illustrated below. Material C has no propensity for heat sensitivity while Material A and B have equal propensity but in opposite directions. Color photographic materials typically respond to three regions of the spectrum, red, green and blue with different emulsions and, as an example for color positive paper such as EKTACOLOR Paper, will produce cyan, magenta and yellow dye images when processed in Process RA-4. If the paper temperature changes during the day as it is printed such as due to changing ambient conditions or warming up in the printing environment, the prints can change in density causing a variability in the image produced. With color products a mis-match in the heat sensitivity response of the three layers results in a color shift in the prints. So, while it would be useful to have low heat sensitivity to preserve color consistency in printing, it is more important with color products to have a consistent heat sensitivity shift in all three layers to avoid a shift in the more critical area of color balance. Almost all of the materials used to prepare silver halide emulsions can under some conditions affect the heat sensitivity of the resulting photographic materials. It is therefore desirable to have the ability to adjust the heat sensitivity of a particular emulsion to the appropriate level to match the other two layers.
    Speed (Log E) of Materials at 22oC Speed (Log E) of Materials at 40oC Heat Sensitivity (Delta Log E)
    Material A 1.90 2.00 +.10
    Material B 2.00 1.90 -.10
    Material C 1.90 1.90 0.00
  • European published patent application EP-A-O 605,917 A2 describes red dyes that give high speed and reduced heat sensitivity when used on high chloride emulsions. However, by the use of these red sensitizers, the heat sensitivity of the cyan layer is so low that it no longer matches that of the magenta and yellow records. This causes an undesirable color balance shift during thermal changes. It is therefore desirable to provide a means of adjusting the heat sensitivity in the cyan layer so as to match that of the magenta and yellow layers. It is toward this end that this invention is directed.
    • Problem to be Solved by the Invention
  • The prior art teaches the use of red dyes that give reduced heat sensitivity. But there is no teaching on how to use these dyes so that the heat sensitivity of the red layer matches that of the magenta and yellow records and thus to avoid heat induced changes in color balance.
    • Summary of the Invention
  • This invention relates to a silver halide photographic material comprising a red sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, the silver halide of which comprises silver halide grains prepared in the presence of a hexacoordination complex of rhenium, ruthenium or osmium with at least four cyanide ligands and comprising at least 90 mole percent silver chloride, wherein the emulsion contains a thiosulfonate compound and a sulfinate or seleninate compound and a dye of Class A and/or Class B:
       where,
  • Class A dyes have structure I and substituents W1-W8, are chosen such that J is ≥ 0.0, where J is defined as the sum of the Hammett σp values of W1-W8, or, alternatively, Class A dyes can also have the structure II provided substituents W1-W8 are chosen such that J is ≥ 0.24;
  • Class B dyes have structure II and substituents W1-W8 are chosen independently such that J is ≤ 0.10, or, alternatively, Class B dyes can also have structure I provided substituents W1-W8 are chosen such that J is ≤ -0.14
    Figure 00040001
    Figure 00040002
       where,
  • R1 and R2 each independently represent an alkyl group or a substituted alkyl group;
  • X is a counterion, if needed, to balance the charge of the dye;
  • Z is a hydrogen or halogen atom or an alkyl group or a substituted alkyl group;
  • Z1 and Z2 are each independently a 1-8 carbon alkyl group;
    • Advantageous Effect of the Invention
  • The present invention provides photographic materials with a high silver chloride layer having high red sensitivity while at the same time having relatively low thermal sensitivity. A method is described to adjust the heat sensitivity of the cyan layer so as to match that of the magenta and yellow layers to maintain color balance despite thermal fluctuations.
    • Detailed Description of Embodiments of the Invention
  • In the present application, by reference to "under", "above", "below", "upper" or "lower" terms in relation to layer structure of a photographic element, is meant in this application, the relative position in relation to light to when the element is exposed in a normal manner. "Above" or "upper" would mean closer to the light source when the element is exposed normally, while "below" or "lower" would mean further from the light source. Since a typical photographic element has the various layers coated on a support, "above" or "upper" would mean further from the support, while "below" or "under" would mean closer to the support.
  • When reference in this application is made to a substituent "group", this means that the substituent may itself be substituted or unsubstituted (for example "alkyl group" refers to a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl). Generally, unless otherwise specifically stated, substituents on any "groups" referenced herein or where something is stated to be possibly substituted, include the possibility of any groups, whether substituted or unsubstituted, which do not destroy properties necessary for the photographic utility. It will also be understood throughout this application that reference to a compound of a particular general formula includes those compounds of other more specific formula which specific formula falls within the general formula definition. Examples of substituents on any of the mentioned groups can include known substituents, such as: halogen, for example, chloro, fluoro, bromo, iodo; alkoxy, particularly those with 1 to 6 carbon atoms (for example, methoxy, ethoxy); substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, particularly lower alkyl (for example, methyl, trifluoromethyl); alkenyl or thioalkyl (for example, methylthio or ethylthio), particularly either of those with 1 to 6 carbon atoms; substituted and unsubstituted aryl, particularly those having from 6 to 20 carbon atoms (for example, phenyl); and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, particularly those having a 5 or 6-membered ring containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, or S (for example, pyridyl, thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl); and others known in the art. Alkyl substituents may specifically include "lower alkyl", that is having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, methyl or ethyl. Further, with regard to any alkyl group, alkylene group or alkenyl group, it will be understood that these can be branched or unbranched and include ring structures.
  • The silver halide emulsion can be prepared as described in U.S. Patent No. 4,945,035 of Keevert et al. The silver halide emulsion is a "high chloride" emulsion containing at least 90 mole percent chloride, preferably at least 95 mole percent chloride and optimally at least 98 mole percent chloride. Some silver bromide may be present; in particular, the possibility is also contemplated that the silver chloride could be treated with a bromide source to increase its sensitivity, although the bulk concentration of bromide in the resulting emulsion will typically be no more than 2 to 2.5 mole percent and preferably between 0.6 to 1.2 mole percent (the remainder being silver chloride). The emulsion should contain less than 5 mole percent iodide, preferably less than 2 mole percent iodide.
  • The preferred hexacoordinated rhenium, ruthenium, and osmium cyanide complexes can be represented by the following formula: [Q(CN)6-yLy]-n where:
  • Q is rhenium, ruthenium, or osmium,
  • L is a bridging ligand,
  • y is 0, 1, or 2,
    and
  • -n is -2, -3, or -4.
  • The bridging ligand is preferably a monoatomic monodentate ligand, such as a halide, for example, fluoride, chloride , bromide or iodide ligands, or a multielement ligand, for example, azide or thiocyanate ligands. In a particularly preferred embodiment, Q is ruthenium and y is 0.
  • The hexacoordinated complexes in most instances exhibit a net ionic charge. One or more counter ions are therefore usually associated with the complex to form a charge neutral compound. The counter ion is of little importance, since the complex and its counter ion or ions dissociate upon introduction into an aqueous medium, such as that employed for silver halide grain formation. Ammonium and alkali metal counter ions are particularly suitable for anionic hexacoordinated complexes, since theses cations are known to be fully compatible with silver halide precipitation procedures.
  • Table I provides a listing of illustrative rhenium, ruthenium, and osmium cyanide coordination complexes.
    [Re(CN)6]-4 [OsF2(CN)4]-4
    [Ru(CN)6]-4 [ReCl2(CN)4]-4
    [Os(CN)6]-4 [RuCl2(CN)4]-4
    [ReF(CN)5]-4 [OsCl2(CN)4]-4
    [RuF(CN)5]-4 [ReBr2(CN)4]-4
    [OsF(CN)5]-4 [RuBr2(CN)4]-4
    [ReCl(CN)5]-4 [OsBr2(CN)4]-4
    [RuCl(CN)5]-4 [RuI2(CN)4]-4
    [OsCl(CN)5]-4 [OsI2(CN)4]-4
    [ReBr(CN)5]-4 [Ru(CN)5(OCN)]-4
    [RuBr(CN)5]-4 [Os(CN)5(OCN)]-4
    [OsBr(CN)5]-4 [Ru(CN)5(SCN)]-4
    [ReI(CN)5]-4 [Os(CN)5(SCN)]-4
    [RuI(CN)5]-4 [Ru(CN)5(N3)]-4
    [OsI(CN)5]-4 [Os(CN)5(N3)]-4
    [ReF2(CN)4]-4 [Ru(CN)5(H2O)]-3
    [RuF2(CN)4]-4 [Os(CN)5(H2O)]-3
  • The hexacoordination complex is preferably utilized in an amount of 1 X 10-6 mole of complex per mole of silver in the emulsion. The complex can be incorporated into the grains up to its solubility limit, typically 5 X 10-4 mole per silver mole. An excess of the complex over its solubility limit in the grain can be tolerated, but normally any such excess is removed from the emulsion during washing. Preferred concentrations of the complex are from 10-5 to 10-4 mole per silver mole.
  • The emulsion also contains a thiosulfonate compound and a sulfinate or seleninate compound. The thiosulfonate compound is preferably a compound of formula (IV): T1―SO2S―Y1 and the sulfinate compound is preferably a compound of formula (Va): T2―SO2―Y2 and the seleninate compound is preferably a compound of formula (Vb) T2―SeO2―Y2 wherein:
    Y1 and Y2 are independently selected from the group consisting of a metal ion and
    Figure 00090001
    wherein D1, D2, D3, and D4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl of 1-3 carbon atoms, and T1 and T2 are independently selected from the group consisting of an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl of 1 to 22 carbon atoms, an alkenyl of 2 to 22 carbon atoms, an alkynyl of 2 to 22 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted or substituted 5 to 15-membered heterocyclic group having one or two heteroatoms and a divalent linking group. Examples of suitable aryl groups are phenyl, tolyl, naphthyl, and of suitable alkenyl groups are cycloheptatrienyl, cyclooctatrienyl, and cyclononatrienyl. Examples of suitable heterocyclic groups are pyrrolyl, furanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, thiofuranyl, pyridino, picolino, piperidino, morpholino, pyrrolidino, thiophene, oxazole, thiazole, imidazole, selenazole, tellurazole, triazole, tetrazole and oxadiazole. Examples of suitable divalent linking groups are -(CH(CH2)m- where m is 1 to 11, -(CH-CH=CH-CH2)- and -(C(CH3)CH2)-. When T1 or T2 is a divalent linking group, the compound of formula (IV), (Va) or (Vb), respectively, is polymeric, with the repeating unit being of formula (IV), (Va), or (Vb), respectively.
  • In a preferred embodiment Y1 and Y2 are independently selected from Na+, K+ and
    Figure 00100001
    and T1 and T2 are independently selected from an unsubstituted phenyl group or a phenyl group substituted in one or two positions independently selected from the group consisting of an alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an acyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an hydroxyl, a phenyl, a tolyl, a naphthyl, a carboxy, a chloro, a bromo, a nitro, a cyano, an acetamido, a carbamoyl, an ureido, an unsubstituted amino, and an amino substituted with one or two alkyls being the same or different and each having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. In a more preferred embodiment, Y1 and Y2 are each Na+ or K+ and T1 and T2 are each a tolyl group. Most preferred are the Na+ or K+ salts of p-toluene thiosulfonate and p-toluene sulfinate.
  • As mentioned above, the emulsion comprises a dye of Class A of structural formula (I) or a dye of Class B of structural formula (II). In these formulae, W1-W8 each independently represent an alkyl, acyl, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonyl, carbonyl, carbamoyl, sulfamoyl, carboxyl, cyano, hydroxy, amino, acylamino, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfonyl, sulfonic acid, aryl, or aryloxy group, any of which may be substituted or unsubstituted, or a hydrogen or halogen atom, and provided further that adjacent ones of W1-W8 can bonded to each other via their carbon atoms to form a condensed ring. Class A dyes have structure I and substituents W1-W8 are chosen such that J is ≥ 0.0, or, alternatively, Class A dyes can also have the structure II provided substituents W1-W8 are chosen such that J is ≥ 0.24 and Class B dyes have structure II and substituents W1-W8 are chosen such that J is ≤ 0.10, or, alternatively, Class B dyes can also have structure I provided substituents W1-W8 are chosen such that J is ≤ -0.14. Hammett σp values are discussed in Advanced Organic Chemistry 3rd Ed., J. March, (John Wiley Sons, NY; 1985). Note that the "p" subscript refers to the fact that the σ values are measured with the substituents in the para position.
  • Z is a hydrogen or halogen atom or an alkyl group or substituted alkyl group, for example a 1 to 8 carbon atom alkyl group or substituted alkyl group. Preferably Z is a relatively "flat" substituent, such as a hydrogen, halogen or a methyl (substituted or unsubstituted). More particularly Z may be a substituted or unsubstituted methyl or a hydrogen.
  • Z1 and Z2 are independently a 1 to 8 carbon alkyl group (for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl).
  • Thus the dye (I) may have the formula (Ia) and the dye of formula (II) may have the formula (IIa)
    Figure 00110001
    Figure 00120001
       in which:
  • R1 and R2 each independently represent an alkyl group or a substituted alkyl group;
  • V2-V7 are independently H or a 1 to 8 carbon alkyl;
  • Z is a hydrogen or methyl;
  • A is a counterion if needed to balance the charge.
  • Preferably at least one of R1 or R2, or both, are alkyl of 1-8 carbon atoms, either of which alkyl may be substituted or unsubstituted. Examples of preferred substituents include acid or acid salt groups (for example, sulfo or carboxy groups). Thus, either or both R1 or R2 could be, for example, 2-sulfobutyl, 3-sulfopropyl, sulfoethyl or hydroxyethyl.
  • In preferred embodiments of the invention, the emulsion contains a dye of Class A and a dye of Class B.
  • Examples of Class A and B dyes used in photographic elements of the present invention are listed below in Table II but the present invention is not limited to the use of these dyes.
    Figure 00130001
  • The emulsion preferably also contains an anti-aggregating agent. Preferably the anti-aggregating agent is compound III which has the structure:
    Figure 00130002
       wherein:
  • D is a divalent aromatic ring-containing moiety; W9-W12 each independently represents a hydroxy, a halogen atom, an amino, alkylamino, arylamino, cycloalkylamino, a heterocyclic, heterocyclicamino, arylalkylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylthio, heterocyclicthio, mercapto, alkylthio, arylthio or aryl group, any of which may be substituted or unsubstituted, or a hydrogen or halogen atom;
  • G1 and G2 each represents N or CH;
  • Y1 and Y2 each represents N or CH provided at least one of G1 and Y1 is N and at least one of G2 and Y2 is N.
  • In compound III, D is a divalent aromatic ring-containing moiety, preferably selected from the group consisting of:
    Figure 00140001
    Figure 00140002
    Figure 00140003
    Figure 00140004
    Figure 00150001
  • In the above, M is a hydrogen atom or a cation so as to increase water solubility, such as an alkali metal ion (Na or K) or an ammonium ion.
  • Some particular examples of compounds of Formula III above are listed below. Again, the invention is not limited to the use of those specific compounds:
    Figure 00150002
    Figure 00150003
    Figure 00150004
  • Dyes of Class A and B and compounds of formula III can be prepared according to techniques that are well-known in the art, such as described in Hamer, Cyanine Dyes and Related Compounds, 1964 (publisher John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY) and James, The Theory of the Photographic Process 4th edition, 1977 (Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, NY). The amount of sensitizing dye that is useful in the invention may be from 0.001 to 4.0 millimoles, but is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 4.0 millimoles per mole of silver halide and more preferably from 0.02 to 0.25 millimoles per mole of silver halide. Optimum dye concentrations can be determined by methods known in the art. Formula III compounds can be typically coated at 1/50 to 50 times the dye concentration, or more preferably 1 to 10 times.
  • The photographic materials of the present invention can contain tabular grain emulsions such as disclosed by Wey US 4,399,215; Kofron US 4,434,226; Maskasky US 4,400,463; and Maskasky US 4,713,323; as well as US 5,185,239; 5,183,732; 5,178,997; 5,178,998 and 5,217,858. The grain size of the silver halide may have any distribution known to be useful in photographic compositions, and may be either polydipersed or monodispersed.
  • The silver halide grains to be used in the invention may be prepared according to methods known in the art, such as those described in Research Disclosure, (Kenneth Mason Publications Ltd, Emsworth, England), September, 1994, Number 365, Item 36544 (hereinafter referred to as Research Disclosure I) and James, The Theory of the Photographic Process. These include methods such as ammoniacal emulsion making, neutral or acid emulsion making, and others known in the art. These methods generally involve mixing a water soluble silver salt with a water soluble halide salt in the presence of a protective colloid, and controlling the temperature, pAg, pH values, etc, at suitable values during formation of the silver halide by precipitation. High chloride [1 0 0] tabular emulsions such as described in EP 534,395 can also be used.
  • The silver halide to be used in the invention may be advantageously subjected to chemical sensitization with compounds such as gold sensitizers (e.g., gold and sulfur) and others known in the art. Compounds and techniques useful for chemical sensitization of silver halide are known in the art and described in Research Disclosure I and the references cited therein.
  • The photographic materials of the present invention, as is typical, provide the silver halide in the form of an emulsion. Photographic emulsions generally include a vehicle for coating the emulsion as a layer of a photographic element. Useful vehicles include both naturally occurring substances such as proteins, protein derivatives, cellulose derivatives (e.g., cellulose esters), gelatin (e.g., alkali-treated gelatin such as cattle bone or hide gelatin, or acid treated gelatin such as pigskin gelatin), gelatin derivatives (e.g., acetylated gelatin or phthalated gelatin), and others as described in Research Disclosure I. Also useful as vehicles or vehicle extenders are hydrophilic water-permeable colloids. These include synthetic polymeric peptizers, carriers, and/or binders such as poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl lactams), acrylamide polymers, polyvinyl acetals, polymers of alkyl and sulfoalkyl acrylates and methacrylates, hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetates, polyamides, polyvinyl pyridine, methacrylamide copolymers, as described in Research Disclosure I. The vehicle can be present in the emulsion in any amount useful in photographic emulsions. The emulsion can also include any of the addenda known to be useful in photographic emulsions. These include chemical sensitizers, such as active gelatin, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, gold, platinum, palladium, iridium, osmium, rhenium, phosphorous, or combinations thereof. Chemical sensitization is generally carried out at pAg levels of from 5 to 10, pH levels of from 4 to 8, and temperatures of from 30 to 80°C, as illustrated in Research Disclosure, June 1975, item 13452 and U.S. Patent No. 3,772,031.
  • The silver halide is sensitized by a dye of Class A and/or a dye of Class B and, optionally, a compound of Formula III by methods known in the art, such as described in Research Disclosure I. The compounds may be added to an emulsion of the silver halide grains and a hydrophilic colloid at any time prior to (e.g., during or after chemical sensitization) or simultaneous with the coating of the emulsion on a photographic element. The resulting sensitized silver halide emulsion may be mixed with a dispersion of color image-forming coupler immediately before coating or in advance of coating (for example, 2 hours). Essentially any type of emulsion (e.g., negative-working emulsions such as surface-sensitive emulsions of unfogged internal latent image-forming emulsions, direct-positive emulsions such as surface fogged emulsions, or others described in, for example, Research Disclosure I) may be used. The above-described sensitizing dyes of Class A and Class B can be used alone, or may be used in combination with other sensitizing dyes, e.g. to also provide the silver halide with sensitivity to wavelengths of light outside the red region or to supersensitize the silver halide.
  • Other addenda in the emulsion may include antifoggants, especially a heterocyclic mercapto anti-foggant, stabilizers, filter dyes, light absorbing or reflecting pigments, vehicle hardeners such as gelatin hardeners, coating aids, dye-forming couplers, and development modifiers such as development inhibitor releasing couplers, timed development inhibitor releasing couplers, and bleach accelerators. These addenda and methods of their inclusion in emulsion and other photographic layers are well-known in the art and are disclosed in Research Disclosure I and the references cited therein. The emulsion may also include brighteners, such as stilbene brighteners.
  • The emulsion layer containing silver halide sensitized as described above, can be coated simultaneously or sequentially with other emulsion layers, subbing layers, filter dye layers, interlayers, or overcoat layers, all of which may contain various addenda known to be included in photographic elements. These include antifoggants, oxidized developer scavengers, DIR couplers, antistatic agents, optical brighteners, light-absorbing or light-scattering pigments. The layers of the photographic element can be coated onto a support using techniques well-known in the art. These techniques include immersion or dip coating, roller coating, reverse roll coating, air knife coating, doctor blade coating, stretch-flow coating, and curtain coating, to name a few. The coated layers of the element may be chill-set or dried, or both. Drying may be accelerated by known techniques such as conduction, convection, radiation heating, or a combination thereof.
  • Photographic materials of the present invention can be black and white photographic elements but are preferably color photographic elements. A color photographic element generally contains three silver emulsion layers or sets of layers (each set of layers often consisting of emulsions of the same spectral sensitivity but different speed): a blue-sensitive layer having a yellow dye-forming color coupler associated therewith; a green-sensitive layer having a magenta dye-forming color coupler associated therewith; and a red-sensitive layer having a cyan dye-forming color coupler associated therewith. Those dye forming couplers are provided in the emulsion typically by first dissolving or dispersing them in a water immiscible, high boiling point organic solvent, the resulting mixture then being dispersed in the emulsion. Suitable solvents include those in European Patent Publication EP-A-O 273,430. Dye-forming couplers are well-known in the art and are disclosed, for example, in Research Disclosure I.
  • Photographic elements of the present invention may also usefully include a magnetic recording layer as described in Research Disclosure, Item 34390, November 1992.
  • Photographic elements of the invention can be processed in any of a number of well-known photographic processes utilizing any of a number of well-known processing compositions, described, for example, in Research Disclosure I, or in James, The Theory of the Photographic Process 4th, 1977.
    • Photographic Evaluation Example:
  • A high chloride halide emulsion was precipitated by equimolar addition of silver nitrate and sodium chloride solutions into a well-stirred reactor containing gelatin peptizer and thioether ripener. The resultant emulsion contains cubic shaped grains of 0.38 µm in edgelength size. Emulsions are compared in the presence and absence of ruthenium hexacyanide complex (K4Ru(CN)6) as dopant at a level of 75 mppm. Portions of this emulsion were sensitized in the following manner. The emulsion at 40°C was adjusted to a pH of 4.3 with nitric acid and a vAg of 129 with KCl followed by gold and sulfur sensitization. The temperature was increased to 65°C and an antifoggant was added (1-(3-acetamidophenyl)-5-mercaptotetrazole, 0.95 x 10-3 mol/molAg) and then combined with compound III-2 (22.3x 10-5 mol/molAg) and then a soluble bromide was added at 1.1 mole%, the temperature was then decreased to 40°C and the pH of the emulsion was adjusted to 5.6 using NaOH solution. The dyes in Table III were added at 3.64 x 10-5 mole/silver mole, various levels being used. In Table IV, the dyes were combined in various ratios to yield a total dye coverage of 3.64 x 10-5 mole/silver mole.
  • The cyan coupler dispersion contained a cyan image forming coupler ((2-(alpha-(2,4-di-tert-amylphoxy)-butyramido-4,6-dichloro-5-ethyl phenyl)) (0.43g/m2, 39.3 mg/ft2) and gelatin (0.85 g/m2, 77.0 g/ft2). The coupler dispersion was added to the dye/silver chloride emulsion immediately before coating. The elements also included a gelatin overcoat (1.08 g/m2) and a gelatin undercoat layer (3.23 g/m2). The layers were hardened with bis(vinylsulfonyl)methyl ether at 1.7% of the total gelatin weight. Materials were coated on a resin coated paper support.
  • To the cyan dispersion was added 1500 mg/m of p-toluene thiosulfonate (TSS) and 150mg/m of p-toluene sulfinate (TS).
  • To evaluate photographic sensitivity, the elements were exposed to a light source designed to simulate a color negative print exposure. The elements were then processed with RA-4 chemistry through a Colenta processor. This consists of color development (45 sec, 35°C), bleach-fix (45 sec, 35°C), and stabilization or water wash (90 sec, 35°C) followed by drying 60 sec, 60°C).
    Color Developer
    Lithium salt of sulfonated polystyrene 0.25 ml
    Triethanolamine 11.0 ml
    N,N-diethylhydroxylamine (85% by wt.) 6.0 ml
    Potassium sulfite (45% by wt.) 0.5 ml
    Color developing agent (4-(N-ethyl-N-2-methanesulfonylaminoethyl)-2-methylphenylenediaminesesquisulfatemonohydrate 5.0 g
    Stilbene compound stain reducing agent 2.3 g
    Lithium sulfate 2.7 g
    Potassium chloride 2.3 g
    Potassium bromide 0.025 g
    Sequestering agent 0.8 ml
    Potassium carbonate 25.0 g
    Water to total of 1 liter, pH adjusted to 10.12
    Bleach-fix
    Ammonium sulfite 58 g
    Sodium thiosulfate 8.7 g
    Ethylenediaminetetracetic acid ferric ammonium salt 40 g
    Acetic acid 9.0 ml
    Water to total 1 liter, pH adjusted to 6.2
    Stabilizer
    Sodium citrate 1 g
    Water to total 1 liter, pH adjusted to 7.2
  • LIRF is defined as low intensity reciprocity failure measured by calculating the difference between 0.2 sec and 100 sec exposure. A CR unit is defined as 0. 01 logE.
  • Heat sensitivity was measured by comparing coatings exposed at room temperature (22°C) with coatings exposed on a platen that was heated to 40°C (coatings are equilibrated on the platen for 1.5' before exposing). The difference in speed is taken as a measurement of heat sensitivity. (The magnitude of the heat sensitivity also has an exposure time dependence. Measurements reported here were an 1/10" exposure at 1.0 density point of the D log E curve.)
  • Emulsions are compared in the presence and absence of ruthenium hexacyanide complex (K4Ru(CN)6) dopant at various levels including 50, 60, 75 mppm at various locations within the grain including bands of 75/80%, 75/90%, 80/92%. Both single dyes (Table III) and dye combinations (Table IV) would be preferably used with a tiazinylstilbene compound such as Compound III-2.
    Ru Complex Compound III-2 Dye Heat Sensitivity Heat Sensitivity TSS/TS
    No Yes A-1 6.7 -1.5
    No No A-1 10.6 1.3
    Yes Yes A-1 1.8 -2.8
    Yes No A-1 1.7 -4.3
    No Yes B-7 4.2 -2.1
    No No B-7 5.5 -2.3
    Yes Yes B-7 -1.9 -5.4
    Yes No B-7 1.1 -6.2
    No Yes B-1 0.5 -6.3
    No No B-1 3.9 -3.7
    Yes Yes B-1 -2.5 -7.3
    Yes No B-1 -2.7 -7
    No Yes B-5 -0.6 -7.3
    No No B-5 2.5 -0.9
    Yes Yes B-5 -5.6 -9.9
    Yes No B-5 -2.2 -5.9
    No Yes B-4 1.7 -6
    No No B-4 5.6 -0.5
    Yes Yes B-4 -2.5 -6.1
    Yes No B-4 -0.1 -4.5
    No Yes B-2 3.5 -2.8
    No No B-2 6.7 2.9
    Yes Yes B-2 -1 -3.9
    Yes No B-2 2.3 -2.3
    No Yes B-6 5.2 -2.6
    No No B-6 11.3 3.9
    Yes Yes B-6 -0.5 -3.9
    Yes No B-6 5.3 0
    Figure 00240001
    Figure 00250001
  • The results in Table III show that the heat sensitivity of the red sensitive layer can be modified by the presence of a hexacoordination complex and TSS/TS.
  • The results in Table IV show that the heat sensitivity of the red sensitive layer can be varied by the presence of differing amounts of a hexacoordination complex and TSS/TS. By modifying the heat sensitivity in this manner, the heat sensitivity of a red sensitive layer can be adjusted to match the heat sensitivity of other layers of a photographic element.

Claims (9)

  1. A silver halide photographic material comprising a red sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, the silver halide of which comprises silver halide grains prepared in the presence of a hexacoordination complex of rhenium, ruthenium or osmium with at least four cyanide ligands and comprising at least 90 mole percent silver chloride, wherein the emulsion contains a thiosulfonate and a sulfinate or seleninate and a dye of Class A and/or Class B:
       where,
       dye classes A and B have structures I and II.
    Figure 00270001
    Figure 00270002
       where,
    R1 and R2 each independently represent an alkyl group or a substituted alkyl group;
    X is a counterion, if needed, to balance the charge of the dye;
    Z is a hydrogen or halogen atom or an alkyl group or a substituted alkyl group;
    Z1 and Z2 are each independently a 1-8 carbon alkyl group;
    W1-W8 each independently represent, an alkyl group, an acyl group, an acyloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, a carbonyl group, a carbamoyl group, a sulfamoyl group, carboxyl group, cyano group, hydroxy group, an amino group, an acylamino group, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, an alkylsulfonyl group, sulfonic acid group, aryl group, or aryloxy group, any of which may be substituted or unsubstituted, or a hydrogen or halogen atom, and provided further that adjacent groups can bond to each other via their carbon atoms to form a condensed ring;
    and wherein:
    Class A dyes have structure I and substituents W1-W8 are chosen such that J is ≥ 0.0, where J is defined as the sum of the Hammett σp values of W1-W8, or, alternatively, Class A dyes can also have the structure II provided substituents W1-W8 are chosen such that J is ≥ 0.24; and
    Class B dyes have structure II and substituents W1-W8 are chosen independently such that J is ≤ 0.10, or, alternatively, Class B dyes can have structure I provided substituents W1-W8 are chosen such that J is ≤ -0.14.
  2. A photographic material according to claim 1, wherein the hexacoordination complex is of the formula: [Q(CN)6-yLy]-n where:
    Q is rhenium, ruthenium, or osmium,
    L is a bridging ligand,
    y is 0, 1, or 2,
    and
    -n is -2, -3, or -4.
  3. A photographic material according to either of claims 1 and 2, wherein the emulsion contains a thiosulfonate of formula (IV) T1―SO2S―Y1 and a sulfinate compound of formula (Va): T2―SO2―Y2 or a seleninate compound of formula (Vb) T2―SeO2―Y2 wherein:
    Y1 and Y2 are independently selected from the group consisting of a metal ion and
    Figure 00290001
    wherein D1, D2, D3, and D4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl of 1-3 carbon atoms, and T1 and T2 are independently selected from the group consisting of an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl of 1 to 22 carbon atoms, an alkenyl of 2 to 22 carbon atoms, an alkynyl of 2 to 22 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted or substituted 5 to 15-membered heterocyclic group having one or two heteroatoms and a divalent linking group.
  4. A silver halide photographic according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the emulsion contains a thiosulfonate of formula (IV) and a sulfinate of formula (Va).
  5. A photographic material according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the silver halide emulsion further comprises a compound of formula (III):
    Figure 00300001
       wherein:
    D is a divalent aromatic ring-containing moiety;
    W9-W12 each independently represents a hydroxy, a halogen atom, an amino, alkylamino, arylamino, cycloalkylamino, a heterocyclic, heterocyclicamino, arylalkylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylthio, heterocyclicthio, mercapto, alkylthio, arylthio or aryl group, any of which may be substituted or unsubstituted, or a hydrogen or halogen atom;
    G1 and G2 each represents N or CH;
    Y1 and Y2 each represents N or CH provided at least one of G1 and Y1 is N and at least one of G2 and Y2 is N.
  6. A silver halide photographic material according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the emulsion contains a dye of Class A and a dye of Class B.
  7. A silver halide photographic material according to claim 6, wherein the dye of formula (I) is of formula (Ia) and the dye of formula (II) is of formula (IIa):
    Figure 00310001
    Figure 00310002
       in which:
    R1 and R2 each independently represent an alkyl group or a substituted alkyl group;
    V2-V7 are independently H or a 1 to 8 carbon alkyl;
    Z is a hydrogen or methyl;
    A is a counterion if needed to balance the charge.
  8. A silver halide photographic material according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the silver halide of the emulsion is at least 95 percent silver chloride.
  9. A silver halide photographic material according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the emulsion further comprises a heterocyclic mercapto anti-foggant compound.
EP96202665A 1995-09-29 1996-09-24 Photographic material having a red sensitized silver halide emulsion layer with improved heat sensitivity Expired - Lifetime EP0766131B1 (en)

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US451495P 1995-09-29 1995-09-29
US4514 1995-09-29
US629419 1996-04-08
US08/629,419 US5922525A (en) 1996-04-08 1996-04-08 Photographic material having a red sensitized silver halide emulsion layer with improved heat sensitivity

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4945035A (en) * 1988-04-08 1990-07-31 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic emulsions containing internally modified silver halide grains
JP2597897B2 (en) * 1988-11-01 1997-04-09 富士写真フイルム株式会社 Silver halide color photographic materials
US5378594A (en) * 1990-09-18 1995-01-03 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Silver halide color photographic material
US5292635A (en) * 1990-12-27 1994-03-08 Eastman Kodak Company Thiosulfonate-sulfinate stabilizers for photosensitive emulsions
DE69303356T2 (en) * 1992-12-16 1997-01-23 Eastman Kodak Co Red sensitizers for emulsions rich in silver chloride

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DE69605515T2 (en) 2000-07-06

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