EP0757592B1 - Improved precompression pump - Google Patents

Improved precompression pump Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0757592B1
EP0757592B1 EP95917405A EP95917405A EP0757592B1 EP 0757592 B1 EP0757592 B1 EP 0757592B1 EP 95917405 A EP95917405 A EP 95917405A EP 95917405 A EP95917405 A EP 95917405A EP 0757592 B1 EP0757592 B1 EP 0757592B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
pump
push rod
pump chamber
towards
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95917405A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0757592A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Lina
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aptar France SAS
Original Assignee
Valois SAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1042—Components or details
    • B05B11/1043—Sealing or attachment arrangements between pump and container
    • B05B11/1046—Sealing or attachment arrangements between pump and container the pump chamber being arranged substantially coaxially to the neck of the container
    • B05B11/1047—Sealing or attachment arrangements between pump and container the pump chamber being arranged substantially coaxially to the neck of the container the pump being preassembled as an independent unit before being mounted on the container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/0005—Components or details
    • B05B11/0008—Sealing or attachment arrangements between sprayer and container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1001—Piston pumps
    • B05B11/1023—Piston pumps having an outlet valve opened by deformation or displacement of the piston relative to its actuating stem
    • B05B11/1025—Piston pumps having an outlet valve opened by deformation or displacement of the piston relative to its actuating stem a spring urging the outlet valve in its closed position

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improved precompression pump, and more particularly a miniaturized pump, generally actuated using a finger, intended to spray fluid products, generally liquid or pasty, such as perfumes, pharmaceuticals or cosmetics.
  • a manual precompression pump is described in the document FR 2 403 465.
  • This type of pump comprises a hollow cylindrical pump body in which slides an annular piston, said piston being controlled by a push rod which slides in the pump body through a lateral opening.
  • the pump body and piston define a pump chamber, and the piston is movable relative to the push rod so as to close the lateral opening of the outlet channel or on the contrary to the put in communication with the pump chamber.
  • the piston is connected to the push rod by a precompression spring which biases the piston towards a position where said piston closes the lateral opening of the outlet channel.
  • the rod When the rod is pressed, it urges the piston towards the pump chamber by through the precompression spring, which creates a vacuum in the chamber pump. As the pressure on the push rod is increased, the pressure in the pump chamber increases and the precompression spring compresses. When a predetermined pressure prevails in the pump chamber, the spring precompression is sufficiently compressed for the piston to clear the lateral opening of the outlet channel, and the product contained in the pump chamber begins to be forced out.
  • the present invention aims to solve this technical problem.
  • the piston has a cylindrical surface axial interior open towards the pump chamber, said central sealing member slide with sealing in said inner cylindrical surface by insulating from the chamber pumping said central section of the piston, and said inner cylindrical surface extends axially towards the pump chamber over a distance such that the central member seal leaves said inner cylindrical surface when the piston is moved by a certain distance D2 relative to the push rod, from its rest position in direction of the outer end of the push rod.
  • the push rod has at least one sealing zone located axially at a location between the lateral opening of the outlet channel and the pump chamber, the piston slides with sealing on said sealing zone, in isolating the outlet channel with respect to the pump chamber, the piston leaves said zone sealing when it has moved axially by a distance D1 greater than D2 relative to the push rod, from its rest position towards the end outside of the push rod, and the outlet channel communicates with the pump chamber as soon as the piston has moved from said distance D1.
  • the pump may include a return spring for the push rod, and the pump may include an inlet valve for filling said chamber pump after each actuation of the pump.
  • said central sealing member is integral with the push rod.
  • the pumps described here are generally made of molded plastic, the seals are generally made of elastomer and the springs of metal.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show a first embodiment of the pump according to the invention.
  • the pump of Figures 1 and 2 is an improvement on the pump shown in FIG. 7b of European patent EP-0 486 378.
  • the pump comprises a hollow cylindrical pump body 1, having an axis of revolution 2.
  • the pump body 1 extends between an open upper end 1c, and a lower constriction 1a.
  • the constriction 1a is extended by an inlet duct 1b suitable for communicating with a reservoir containing product to be dispensed (not shown), directly or by a dip tube 1f.
  • the pump body 1 defines a pump chamber 6 which normally contains of the product to be distributed, and which communicates with the inlet conduit 1b via an inlet valve.
  • the inlet valve may for example comprise a conical seat 16 and a ball 15 adapted to apply sealingly on the conical seat 16 by closing the inlet duct 1b, when an overpressure is created in the pump chamber 6.
  • the ball 15 takes off from its seat 16 by opening the inlet duct 1b.
  • the inlet valve could have any other known form, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • the pump body 1 can be mounted on the neck of the product tank using a metal cup 10 set on the open upper end 1c of the body pump, said metal cup having a bottom 10a provided with a central orifice 10b.
  • the metal cup 10 also has a enlargement 10c, and an annular flat seal 31b is disposed between the enlargement 10c and the tank neck.
  • the piston 3 comprises an outer skirt 5, at least one periphery of which is in tight contact with the pump body 1.
  • the piston has a duct interior 3d axial.
  • the piston 3 further comprises an annular lower lip 4 which extends axially towards the throat 1a of the pump body and which is arranged in the center of the piston 3, around the inner duct 3d.
  • the pump comprises an axial push rod 40, centered on the axis 2, which crosses the orifice 10b of the metal cup.
  • the push rod 40 is formed in two parts, and comprises an outer sleeve 41 fixed to an inner core 42, by interlocking by force or by another means.
  • the outer sleeve 41 has a shape of revolution around the axis 2. It passes through the central orifice 10b of the metal cup 10, and extends outside the pump body 1, to an outer end or upper 41f, which can receive a pusher 43.
  • the pusher 43 allows both actuation of the pump and product outlet. As shown in Figure 1, the pusher can have a lateral outlet, possibly fitted with a spray 43a.
  • the sleeve 41 has a axial channel 41a which passes through it. From the outer end 41f, the sleeve 41 is extends to the inside of the pump body, to a collar 41c which extends substantially radially outward.
  • the sleeve 41 can be provided with a skirt 41d cylindrical, which extends towards the lower constriction 1a of the pump body to from collar 41c.
  • the cylindrical skirt 41d has an outside diameter smaller than the diameter collar 41c, and an inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the inner core 42.
  • the inner core 42 has a first cylindrical part 42c which extends from an upper end 42f in the direction of the lower constriction 1a of the body pump.
  • the upper end 42f is fitted into the sleeve 41.
  • Said first cylindrical part 42c of the core 42 extends towards the lower constriction 1a of the body pump by a second portion 42d of greater diameter.
  • Said second part 42d is here frustoconical, widening upwards; it could possibly be cylindrical.
  • the core 42 AT from the upper end 42f, the core 42 is pierced with an axial blind channel 42a which communicates with the channel 41a of the outer sleeve 41, and which opens laterally, by at least one orifice 42b formed in the first cylindrical part 42c, in the vicinity from the second part 42d.
  • the central inner lip 4 of the piston is cylindrical, and has a cylindrical inner surface 4b having a internal diameter substantially equal to the external diameter of the second cylindrical part 42d of the core 42.
  • the lip 4 can slide in leaktight manner on said second part 42d.
  • the piston 3 has a cylindrical part 45 which extends axially towards the end 1c of the pump body, around the core 42.
  • Said cylindrical part 45 has an external diameter substantially equal to the internal diameter of the skirt 41d of the sleeve 41, so that said cylindrical part 45 slides with sealing inside the skirt 41d.
  • the cylindrical part 45 and the skirt 41d thus define a annular suction chamber 46, arranged around the core 42, which communicates with the orifice 42b, because the piston 3 is not in leaktight contact with the first part cylindrical 42c of the core 42.
  • This suction chamber will be seen later.
  • the core 42 extends radially outwards by a 42nd widening, which itself can extend towards the lower constriction 1a of the pump body by a skirt 42g.
  • the skirt 42g cooperates with axial ribs 1g, formed at inside the pump body 1 and which extend a certain distance from the lower constriction 1a of said pump body, to guide the core 42 in its movement inside the pump body.
  • the enlargement 42e of the core 42 comprises a ring 44, which extends axially from said widening 42 towards the piston 3, up to an end 44c close to the piston 3.
  • this ring is interrupted by radial cuts 44a, which extend axially over a certain distance from the end 44c of the crown 44, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the piston 3 has an annular surface 3a radial between the skirt 5 and the lip 4. Under the effect of the precompression spring 47, said annular surface 3a is applied against the crown 44.
  • the crown 44 has an interior surface 44b frustoconical, which widens towards the upper end 1c of the pump body and which exerts a radial tightening force, by wedge effect, on the lip 4 when the crown 44 is in abutment against the surface 3a of the piston.
  • the tightness of the contact between the lip 4 and the second part 42d of the core 42 is reinforced, while the clamping force exerted by the crown 44 is precisely controlled by the stop of said crown 44 against the surface 3a of the piston, which avoids irreversible deformations or jamming of the piston lip 4.
  • the second part 42d of the inner core 42 is frustoconical, it forms an annular edge 50 projecting around the core 42. From this way, when the frustoconical surface 44b of the crown 44 exerts its clamping force radial on the lip 4 of the piston, said annular edge 50 exerts pressure on the lip 4 concentrated on an inner peripheral line of the lip 4. In this way, the tightness of the contact between said lip 4 and part 42d is improved.
  • the crown 44 further includes a collar 44d which extends radially outward.
  • the skirt 5 of the piston has a cylindrical inner surface 5a which extends axially from the bearing surface 3a of the piston towards the lower constriction 1a of the pump body.
  • the cylindrical surface 5a is extended by a frustoconical surface 5b which extends axially towards the lower constriction 1a of the pump body in widening radially outwards.
  • the pump includes a return spring 48 disposed between the widening 42e of the core and the lower constriction 1a of the pump body.
  • Return spring 48 biases the core 42 and therefore the whole of the push rod 40, towards the open end 1c of the pump body.
  • the collar 41c of the sleeve 41 is applied in abutment against the bottom 10a of the metal cup 10.
  • an annular seal 31a can be interposed between the collar 41c and the bottom 10a of the cup 10.
  • the piston 3 has slots or ribs 49 arranged substantially radially, on which the precompression spring 47 rests.
  • the precompression spring 47 is a helical spring, its turns end may be at rest included in a plane not perpendicular to the axis 2.
  • the spring 47 would tend to deform the piston, or at least the skirt outside 5 of the piston, by imposing on it a certain cant, that is to say a certain rotation around an axis perpendicular to axis 2.
  • the pressure exerted locally by the spring 47 on the ribs 49 is important, so that said ribs 49 deform in allowing the spring 47 to sink more or less into said ribs 49 in direction of piston 3.
  • the ribs 49 due to their deformation, are in contact with the spring 47 over substantially the entire periphery of its end turn.
  • the bearing force of the spring 47 is distributed over substantially all of the periphery of the piston 3, so that the piston 3 is not deformed.
  • the operation of the pump in FIG. 1 is as follows. At rest, the piston 3 is in abutment against the crown 44 and the collar 41c is in abutment against an annular seal 31a interposed between the collar 41c and the bottom 10a of the metal cup.
  • the pusher 43 When a user presses the pusher 43, it lowers the push rod 40 inside the pump body, which urges the piston 3 downwards, due to the spring of precompression 47.
  • the volume of the pump chamber 6 therefore tends to decrease, by so that an overpressure is created there which presses the ball 15 against its seat 16, insulating the pump chamber 6.
  • piston 3 cannot go down into the pump: only the push rod 40 therefore descends, and possibly the piston 3 rises slightly in the pump body.
  • section S1 is meant here the projection of the surface of the piston exposed to the pressure of the pump chamber, on a plane perpendicular to the axis 2 of the pump body.
  • the spray conditions are excellent, it can be possible, without reducing the quality of the spray, to slightly reduce the stiffness of the precompression spring of the pump according to the invention with respect to the stiffness of the precompression spring of a pump of the prior art.
  • the pump according to the invention thus becomes "softer" and easier to use than the precompression pumps of the prior art, insofar as it requires less effort from the user.
  • the lateral orifice 42b of the core 42 is drilled in the first cylindrical part 42a of said core, on which the piston 3 slides without sealing.
  • the edges of the orifice 42b have slight defects in molding, these do not hinder the sliding of the piston 3 on the core 42 at all. more, as there is a certain clearance between the piston 3 and the first cylindrical part 42a from the core 42, the expulsion rate of the product is improved.
  • the volume of the suction chamber 46 increases, and like the piston 3 slide without sealing on the first cylindrical part 42c of the core 42, the chamber suction 46 communicates with the orifice 42b, so that the increase in volume of the suction chamber 46 produces suction in the axial channel 42a of the core 42, in the channel 41a of the sleeve 41, and in the outlet passage of the pusher 43.
  • the product contained in the pusher 43 from dripping or oozing outside of said pusher during device storage, particularly when the product has a pasty consistency.
  • the return spring 48 of the push rod 40 could be mounted at the outside of the pump body, for example between a collar of the sleeve 41 and the bottom 10a of the cup 10.
  • the pump body 1 is pierced with an orifice air intake 18, located near the upper end 1c of said pump body.
  • the collar 41e is no longer in contact with the seal 31a, so that air can pass between the push rod 40 and the seal 31a. So, in the ascent phase of the piston 3, when the product is sucked from the reservoir towards the pump chamber 6, a volume of air equal to the volume of product drawn into the chamber pump can pass into the tank through the air return port 18.
  • the pump may not have an air intake orifice 18, without however, depart from the scope of the present invention.
  • the suction chamber 46 could be omitted, without going beyond the ambit of the present invention.
  • the expulsion of the product can start as soon as the seal between the collar 44a and the skirt 5 is broken, that is to say as soon as the piston has moved the distance D2 from the push rod.
  • the impulse effect given to the piston when this seal is broken still exists, since the piston cross-section exposed to the pump chamber pressure suddenly increases from S1 to S2.
  • the impulse given to piston 3 is less strong as in the example in figure 1, since the pressure in the pump chamber begins to decrease as soon as the seal between the collar 44a and the skirt 5 is broken, the expulsion of the product begins at this time.
  • the pump of figure 3 has a structure very similar to that of figure 1, and will not be therefore not described again in detail here.
  • This pump differs from that of Figure 1 in that it is intended to spray or dispense a single dose of product, contained initially in the pump chamber 6.
  • the pump in FIG. 3 does not have return air orifice 18. It also does not include the re-suction chamber 46 of the pump of FIG. 1, in which case the piston 3 slides with sealing on the core 42 of the rod 40. It will however be noted that the re-aspiration chamber 46 could possibly be kept as in figure 1, although the re-aspiration presents little interest in this case.
  • the pump of Figure 3 does not have a valve inlet 15, 16, nor inlet duct 1b, but only a filling passage 60 in the bottom 1a of the pump body, closed by a ball or other equivalent means.
  • the pump of Figure 4 is a variant of the pump of Figure 1, in which the collar 44a of the crown 44 slides no longer inside the skirt 5 of the piston, but inside a cylindrical axial wall 5c concentric with the skirt 5.

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Description

La présente invention concerne une pompe à précompression perfectionnée, et plus particulièrement une pompe miniaturisée, généralement actionnée à l'aide d'un doigt, destinée à pulvériser des produits fluides, généralement liquides ou pâteux, tels que des parfums, des produits pharmaceutiques ou des cosmétiques.The present invention relates to an improved precompression pump, and more particularly a miniaturized pump, generally actuated using a finger, intended to spray fluid products, generally liquid or pasty, such as perfumes, pharmaceuticals or cosmetics.

Un exemple de pompe manuelle à précompression est exposé dans le document FR 2 403 465. Ce type de pompe comporte un corps de pompe cylindrique creux dans lequel coulisse un piston annulaire, ledit piston étant commandé par une tige-poussoir qui coulisse dans le corps de pompe par une ouverture latérale. Le corps de pompe et le piston définissent une chambre de pompe, et le piston est déplaçable relativement à la tige-poussoir de façon à obturer l'ouverture latérale du canal de sortie ou au contraire à la mettre en communication avec la chambre de pompe. Le piston est connecté à la tige-poussoir par un ressort de précompression qui sollicite le piston vers une position où ledit piston obture l'ouverture latérale du canal de sortie.An example of a manual precompression pump is described in the document FR 2 403 465. This type of pump comprises a hollow cylindrical pump body in which slides an annular piston, said piston being controlled by a push rod which slides in the pump body through a lateral opening. The pump body and piston define a pump chamber, and the piston is movable relative to the push rod so as to close the lateral opening of the outlet channel or on the contrary to the put in communication with the pump chamber. The piston is connected to the push rod by a precompression spring which biases the piston towards a position where said piston closes the lateral opening of the outlet channel.

Lorsqu'on appuie sur la tige, elle sollicite le piston vers la chambre de pompe par l'intermédiaire du ressort de précompression, ce qui crée une dépression dans la chambre de pompe. Au fur et à mesure qu'on accentue la poussée sur la tige-poussoir, la pression dans la chambre de pompe augmente et le ressort de précompression se comprime. Lorsqu'il règne dans la chambre de pompe une pression prédéterminée, le ressort de précompression est suffisamment comprimé pour que le piston dégage l'ouverture latérale du canal de sortie, et le produit contenu dans la chambre de pompe commence à être expulsé.When the rod is pressed, it urges the piston towards the pump chamber by through the precompression spring, which creates a vacuum in the chamber pump. As the pressure on the push rod is increased, the pressure in the pump chamber increases and the precompression spring compresses. When a predetermined pressure prevails in the pump chamber, the spring precompression is sufficiently compressed for the piston to clear the lateral opening of the outlet channel, and the product contained in the pump chamber begins to be forced out.

Si l'utilisateur appuie assez fort sur la tige-poussoir, ce type de pompe fonctionne bien et produit une bonne pulvérisation. En effet, la pression prédéterminée qui règne dans la chambre de pompe pendant l'expulsion du produit fluide, donne normalement audit produit une vitesse d'écoulement élevée qui entraíne une bonne pulvérisation, généralement à l'aide d'une buse de pulvérisation d'un poussoir monté sur la tige-poussoir.If the user presses the push rod hard enough, this type of pump works well and produces a good spray. Indeed, the predetermined pressure that prevails in the pump chamber during the expulsion of the fluid product, normally gives said product produces a high flow rate which results in good spraying, generally using a spray nozzle of a pusher mounted on the push rod.

Mais si l'utilisateur appuie légèrement sur la tige-poussoir, juste assez pour créer dans la chambre de pompe ladite pression prédéterminée, l'ouverture latérale du canal de sortie n'est pas franchement dégagée par le piston : elle ne permet donc le passage que d'un faible débit de produit. Comme le canal de sortie de la tige et éventuellement la buse de pulvérisation sont dimensionnés pour un débit plus important, le produit s'écoule dans le canal de sortie et éventuellement la buse de pulvérisation avec une vitesse trop faible pour créer une bonne pulvérisation. WO 93/13873 décrit une pompe selon le préambule de la revendication 1.But if the user presses the push rod lightly, just enough to create in the pump chamber said predetermined pressure, the lateral opening of the outlet is not clearly released by the piston: it therefore only allows passage low product flow. As the rod outlet channel and possibly the nozzle sprayers are sized for a higher flow rate, the product flows into the outlet channel and possibly the spray nozzle with too low a speed to create a good spray. WO 93/13873 describes a pump according to the preamble of claim 1.

La présente invention a pour but de résoudre ce problème technique.The present invention aims to solve this technical problem.

La présente invention a donc pour objet une pompe à précompression comportant au moins :

  • un corps de pompe cylindrique creux,
  • un piston annulaire coulissant axialement dans le corps de pompe, le piston et le corps de pompe définissant une chambre de pompe,
  • une tige-poussoir de commande du piston ayant une extrémité extérieure qui saille hors du corps de pompe, ladite tige-pousssoir coulissant axialement au centre du piston, ladite tige-poussoir comportant un canal de sortie qui débouche à l'intérieur du corps de pompe par une ouverture latérale, le piston étant déplaçable relativement à la tige-poussoir de façon à obturer l'ouverture latérale ou à la faire communiquer avec la chambre de pompe,
  • un moyen élastique de précompression qui sollicite le piston vers la chambre de pompe et vers une position de repos relativement à la tige-poussoir, où il obture l'ouverture latérale du canal de sortie,
la pompe comportant en outre un organe central d'étanchéité déplaçable avec la tige-poussoir et situé axialement entre le piston et la chambre de pompe, la pompe étant caractérisée en ce que ledit organe central d'étanchéité est en contact étanche avec le piston lorsque ledit piston est dans sa position de repos, en isolant de la chambre de pompe une section centrale du piston.The present invention therefore relates to a precompression pump comprising at least:
  • a hollow cylindrical pump body,
  • an annular piston sliding axially in the pump body, the piston and the pump body defining a pump chamber,
  • a piston control push rod having an outer end which projects out of the pump body, said push rod sliding axially in the center of the piston, said push rod having an outlet channel which opens out inside the pump body by a lateral opening, the piston being movable relative to the push rod so as to close the lateral opening or to make it communicate with the pump chamber,
  • an elastic precompression means which biases the piston towards the pump chamber and towards a rest position relative to the push rod, where it closes the lateral opening of the outlet channel,
the pump further comprising a central sealing member displaceable with the push rod and located axially between the piston and the pump chamber, the pump being characterized in that said central sealing member is in sealed contact with the piston when said piston is in its rest position, isolating from the pump chamber a central section of the piston.

Selon une forme de réalisation, le piston comporte une surface cylindrique intérieure axiale ouverte vers la chambre de pompe, ledit organe central d'étanchéité coulisse avec étanchéité dans ladite surface cylindrique intérieure en isolant de la chambre de pompe ladite section centrale du piston, et ladite surface cylindrique intérieure s'étend axialement vers la chambre de pompe sur une distance telle que l'organe central d'étanchéité quitte ladite surface cylindrique intérieure lorsque le piston est déplacé d'une certaine distance D2 relativement à la tige-poussoir, depuis sa position de repos en direction de l'extrémité extérieure de la tige-poussoir.According to one embodiment, the piston has a cylindrical surface axial interior open towards the pump chamber, said central sealing member slide with sealing in said inner cylindrical surface by insulating from the chamber pumping said central section of the piston, and said inner cylindrical surface extends axially towards the pump chamber over a distance such that the central member seal leaves said inner cylindrical surface when the piston is moved by a certain distance D2 relative to the push rod, from its rest position in direction of the outer end of the push rod.

Avantageusement, la tige-poussoir comporte au moins une zone d'étanchéité située axialement à un emplacement compris entre l'ouverture latérale du canal de sortie et la chambre de pompe, le piston coulisse avec étanchéité sur ladite zone d'étanchéité, en isolant le canal de sortie par rapport à la chambre de pompe, le piston quitte ladite zone d'étanchéité lorsqu'il s'est déplacé axialement d'une distance D1 supérieure à D2 relativement à la tige-poussoir, depuis sa position de repos en direction de l'extrémité extérieure de la tige-poussoir, et le canal de sortie communique avec la chambre de pompe dès que le piston s'est déplacé de ladite distance D1.Advantageously, the push rod has at least one sealing zone located axially at a location between the lateral opening of the outlet channel and the pump chamber, the piston slides with sealing on said sealing zone, in isolating the outlet channel with respect to the pump chamber, the piston leaves said zone sealing when it has moved axially by a distance D1 greater than D2 relative to the push rod, from its rest position towards the end outside of the push rod, and the outlet channel communicates with the pump chamber as soon as the piston has moved from said distance D1.

La pompe peut comporter un ressort de rappel de la tige-poussoir, et la chambre de pompe peut comporter un clapet d'entrée permettant la remplissage de ladite chambre de pompe après chaque actionnement de la pompe.The pump may include a return spring for the push rod, and the pump may include an inlet valve for filling said chamber pump after each actuation of the pump.

Avantageusement ledit organe central d'étanchéité est solidaire de la tige-poussoir.Advantageously, said central sealing member is integral with the push rod.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaítront à la lecture de la description suivante de plusieurs formes de réalisation particulières de l'invention, données à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, en regard des dessins joints.Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description of several particular embodiments of the invention, given by way of nonlimiting examples, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Sur les dessins :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une pompe selon une première forme de réalisation de l'invention, en position de repos,
  • la figure 2 est une vue de détail de la pompe de la figure 1, en position de repos,
  • la figure 3 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une variante de la pompe de la figure 1, destinée à pulvériser une seule dose de produit, et
  • la figure 4 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une variante de la pompe de la figure 1.
In the drawings:
  • FIG. 1 is a view in longitudinal section of a pump according to a first embodiment of the invention, in the rest position,
  • FIG. 2 is a detailed view of the pump of FIG. 1, in the rest position,
  • FIG. 3 is a view in longitudinal section of a variant of the pump of FIG. 1, intended to spray a single dose of product, and
  • FIG. 4 is a view in longitudinal section of a variant of the pump of FIG. 1.

Sur les différentes figures, les mêmes références désignent des parties identiques ou similaires.In the different figures, the same references designate identical parts or the like.

Les pompes décrites ici sont généralement réalisées en matière plastique moulée, les joints d'étanchéité étant généralement réalisés en élastomère et les ressorts en métal.The pumps described here are generally made of molded plastic, the seals are generally made of elastomer and the springs of metal.

Les figures 1 et 2 représentent une première forme de réalisation de la pompe selon l'invention. La pompe des figures 1 et 2 est un perfectionnement de la pompe représentée sur la figure 7b du brevet européen EP-0 486 378.Figures 1 and 2 show a first embodiment of the pump according to the invention. The pump of Figures 1 and 2 is an improvement on the pump shown in FIG. 7b of European patent EP-0 486 378.

La pompe comporte un corps de pompe 1 cylindrique creux, ayant un axe de révolution 2. Le corps de pompe 1 s'étend entre une extrémité supérieure 1c ouverte, et un étranglement inférieur 1a. L'étranglement 1a se prolonge par un conduit d'entrée 1b adapté à communiquer avec un réservoir contenant du produit à distribuer (non représenté), directement ou par un tube plongeur 1f.The pump comprises a hollow cylindrical pump body 1, having an axis of revolution 2. The pump body 1 extends between an open upper end 1c, and a lower constriction 1a. The constriction 1a is extended by an inlet duct 1b suitable for communicating with a reservoir containing product to be dispensed (not shown), directly or by a dip tube 1f.

Le corps de pompe 1 délimite une chambre de pompe 6 qui contient normalement du produit à distribuer, et qui communique avec le conduit d'entrée 1b par l'intermédiaire d'un clapet d'entrée. Le clapet d'entrée peut par exemple comporter un siège conique 16 et une bille 15 adaptée à s'appliquer de façon étanche sur le siège conique 16 en fermant le conduit d'entrée 1b, lorsque une surpression est créée dans la chambre de pompe 6. Lorsqu'une dépression est créée dans la chambre de pompe 6, au contraire, la bille 15 se décolle de son siège 16 en ouvrant le conduit d'entrée 1b. Le clapet d'entrée pourrait avoir tout autre forme connue, sans pour autant sortir du cadre de la présente invention.The pump body 1 defines a pump chamber 6 which normally contains of the product to be distributed, and which communicates with the inlet conduit 1b via an inlet valve. The inlet valve may for example comprise a conical seat 16 and a ball 15 adapted to apply sealingly on the conical seat 16 by closing the inlet duct 1b, when an overpressure is created in the pump chamber 6. When a vacuum is created in the pump chamber 6, on the contrary, the ball 15 takes off from its seat 16 by opening the inlet duct 1b. The inlet valve could have any other known form, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Le corps de pompe 1 peut être monté sur le col du réservoir de produit à l'aide d'une coupelle métallique 10 sertie sur l'extrémité supérieure ouverte 1c du corps de pompe, ladite coupelle métallique comportant un fond 10a doté d'un orifice central 10b. Dans l'exemple de la figure 1, la coupelle métallique 10 présente en outre un élargissement 10c, et un joint plat annulaire 31b est disposé entre l'élargissement 10c et le col du réservoir.The pump body 1 can be mounted on the neck of the product tank using a metal cup 10 set on the open upper end 1c of the body pump, said metal cup having a bottom 10a provided with a central orifice 10b. In the example of FIG. 1, the metal cup 10 also has a enlargement 10c, and an annular flat seal 31b is disposed between the enlargement 10c and the tank neck.

Un piston creux 3, de révolution autour de l'axe 2, coulisse dans le corps de pompe 1. Le piston 3 comporte une jupe extérieure 5, dont au moins une périphérie est en contact étanche avec le corps de pompe 1. De plus, le piston comporte un conduit intérieur 3d axial. Le piston 3 comporte en outre une lèvre inférieure 4 annulaire qui s'étend axialement vers l'étranglement 1a du corps de pompe et qui est disposée au centre du piston 3, autour du conduit intérieur 3d.A hollow piston 3, of revolution around the axis 2, slides in the pump body 1. The piston 3 comprises an outer skirt 5, at least one periphery of which is in tight contact with the pump body 1. In addition, the piston has a duct interior 3d axial. The piston 3 further comprises an annular lower lip 4 which extends axially towards the throat 1a of the pump body and which is arranged in the center of the piston 3, around the inner duct 3d.

En outre, la pompe comporte une tige-poussoir 40 axiale, centrée sur l'axe 2, qui traverse l'orifice 10b de la coupelle métallique. La tige-poussoir 40 est formée en deux pièces, et comporte un manchon extérieur 41 fixé sur un noyau intérieur 42, par emboítement à force ou par un autre moyen. Le manchon extérieur 41 a une forme de révolution autour de l'axe 2. Il traverse l'orifice central 10b de la coupelle métallique 10, et s'étend à l'extérieur du corps de pompe 1, jusqu'à une extrémité extérieure ou supérieure 41f, qui peut recevoir un poussoir 43. Le poussoir 43 permet à la fois l'actionnement de la pompe et la sortie du produit. Comme représenté sur la figure 1, le poussoir peut comporter une sortie latérale, éventuellement doté d'un gicleur de pulvérisation 43a. Néanmoins, le poussoir 43 pourrait avoir toute autre forme connue sans pour autant sortir du cadre de la présente invention. Le manchon 41 comporte un canal axial 41a qui le traverse. A partir de l'extrémité extérieure 41f, le manchon 41 se prolonge jusqu'à l'intérieur du corps de pompe, jusqu'à un collet 41c qui s'étend sensiblement radialement vers l'extérieur. En outre, le manchon 41 peut être doté d'une jupe 41d cylindrique, qui s'étend vers l'étranglement inférieur 1a du corps de pompe à partir du collet 41c. La jupe cylindrique 41d a un diamètre extérieur inférieur au diamètre du collet 41c, et un diamètre intérieur supérieur au diamètre externe du noyau intérieur 42.In addition, the pump comprises an axial push rod 40, centered on the axis 2, which crosses the orifice 10b of the metal cup. The push rod 40 is formed in two parts, and comprises an outer sleeve 41 fixed to an inner core 42, by interlocking by force or by another means. The outer sleeve 41 has a shape of revolution around the axis 2. It passes through the central orifice 10b of the metal cup 10, and extends outside the pump body 1, to an outer end or upper 41f, which can receive a pusher 43. The pusher 43 allows both actuation of the pump and product outlet. As shown in Figure 1, the pusher can have a lateral outlet, possibly fitted with a spray 43a. Nevertheless, the pusher 43 could have any other known shape without departing from the scope of the present invention. The sleeve 41 has a axial channel 41a which passes through it. From the outer end 41f, the sleeve 41 is extends to the inside of the pump body, to a collar 41c which extends substantially radially outward. In addition, the sleeve 41 can be provided with a skirt 41d cylindrical, which extends towards the lower constriction 1a of the pump body to from collar 41c. The cylindrical skirt 41d has an outside diameter smaller than the diameter collar 41c, and an inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the inner core 42.

Le noyau intérieur 42 comporte une première partie cylindrique 42c qui s'étend depuis une extrémité supérieure 42f en direction de l'étranglement inférieur 1a du corps de pompe. L'extrémité supérieure 42f est emboítée dans le manchon 41. Ladite première partie cylindrique 42c du noyau 42 se prolonge vers l'étranglement inférieur 1a du corps de pompe par une seconde partie 42d de diamètre supérieur. Ladite seconde partie 42d est ici tronconique, s'élargissant vers le haut ; elle pourrait éventuellement être cylindrique. A partir de l'extrémité supérieure 42f, le noyau 42 est percé d'un canal borgne axial 42a qui communique avec la canal 41a du manchon extérieur 41, et qui débouche latéralement, par au moins un orifice 42b formé dans la première partie cylindrique 42c, au voisinage de la seconde partie 42d. Ladite première partie cylindrique 42c du noyau 42 coulisse dans le conduit intérieur 3d du piston, sans étanchéité. La lèvre intérieure centrale 4 du piston est cylindrique, et comporte une surface intérieure cylindrique 4b ayant un diamètre intérieur sensiblement égal au diamètre externe de la seconde partie cylindrique 42d du noyau 42. Ainsi, la lèvre 4 peut coulisser de façon étanche sur ladite seconde partie 42d. En outre, le piston 3 comporte une partie cylindrique 45 qui s'étend axialement en direction de l'extrémité 1c du corps de pompe, autour du noyau 42. Ladite partie cylindrique 45 a un diamètre externe sensiblement égal au diamètre interne de la jupe 41d du manchon 41, de sorte que ladite partie cylindrique 45 coulisse avec étanchéité à l'intérieur de la jupe 41d. La partie cylindrique 45 et la jupe 41d définissent ainsi une chambre annulaire d'aspiration 46, disposée autour du noyau 42, qui communique avec l'orifice 42b, du fait que le piston 3 n'est pas en contact étanche avec la première partie cylindrique 42c du noyau 42. L'utilité de cette chambre d'aspiration sera vue plus loin.The inner core 42 has a first cylindrical part 42c which extends from an upper end 42f in the direction of the lower constriction 1a of the body pump. The upper end 42f is fitted into the sleeve 41. Said first cylindrical part 42c of the core 42 extends towards the lower constriction 1a of the body pump by a second portion 42d of greater diameter. Said second part 42d is here frustoconical, widening upwards; it could possibly be cylindrical. AT from the upper end 42f, the core 42 is pierced with an axial blind channel 42a which communicates with the channel 41a of the outer sleeve 41, and which opens laterally, by at least one orifice 42b formed in the first cylindrical part 42c, in the vicinity from the second part 42d. Said first cylindrical part 42c of the core 42 slides in the 3d inner duct of the piston, without sealing. The central inner lip 4 of the piston is cylindrical, and has a cylindrical inner surface 4b having a internal diameter substantially equal to the external diameter of the second cylindrical part 42d of the core 42. Thus, the lip 4 can slide in leaktight manner on said second part 42d. In addition, the piston 3 has a cylindrical part 45 which extends axially towards the end 1c of the pump body, around the core 42. Said cylindrical part 45 has an external diameter substantially equal to the internal diameter of the skirt 41d of the sleeve 41, so that said cylindrical part 45 slides with sealing inside the skirt 41d. The cylindrical part 45 and the skirt 41d thus define a annular suction chamber 46, arranged around the core 42, which communicates with the orifice 42b, because the piston 3 is not in leaktight contact with the first part cylindrical 42c of the core 42. The usefulness of this suction chamber will be seen later.

A partir de la seconde partie cylindrique 42d, le noyau 42 se prolonge radialement vers l'extérieur par un élargissement 42e, qui lui-même peut se prolonger vers l'étranglement inférieur 1a du corps de pompe par une jupe 42g. Dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure 1, la jupe 42g coopère avec des nervures 1g axiales, formées à l'intérieur du corps de pompe 1 et qui s'étendent sur une certaine distance à partir de l'étranglement inférieur 1a dudit corps de pompe, pour guider le noyau 42 dans son mouvement à l'intérieur du corps de pompe. L'élargissement 42e du noyau 42 comporte une couronne 44, qui s'étend axialement à partir dudit élargissement 42 vers le piston 3, jusqu'à une extrémité 44c proche du piston 3. Avantageusement, cette couronne est interrompue par des découpes radiales 44a, qui s'étendent axialement sur une certaine distance à partir de l'extrémité 44c de la couronne 44, comme représenté sur la figure 2.From the second cylindrical part 42d, the core 42 extends radially outwards by a 42nd widening, which itself can extend towards the lower constriction 1a of the pump body by a skirt 42g. In the example shown in Figure 1, the skirt 42g cooperates with axial ribs 1g, formed at inside the pump body 1 and which extend a certain distance from the lower constriction 1a of said pump body, to guide the core 42 in its movement inside the pump body. The enlargement 42e of the core 42 comprises a ring 44, which extends axially from said widening 42 towards the piston 3, up to an end 44c close to the piston 3. Advantageously, this ring is interrupted by radial cuts 44a, which extend axially over a certain distance from the end 44c of the crown 44, as shown in FIG. 2.

Le piston 3 comporte une surface annulaire 3a radiale entre la jupe 5 et la lèvre 4. Sous l'effet du ressort de précompression 47, ladite surface annulaire 3a s'applique contre la couronne 44. En outre, la couronne 44 comporte une surface intérieure 44b tronconique, qui s'élargit en direction de l'extrémité supérieure 1c du corps de pompe et qui exerce un effort de serrage radial, par effet de coin, sur la lèvre 4 lorsque la couronne 44 est en butée contre la surface 3a du piston. Ainsi, l'étanchéité du contact entre la lèvre 4 et la seconde partie 42d du noyau 42 est renforcée, tandis que la force de serrage exercée par la couronne 44 est contrôlée avec précision par la butée de ladite couronne 44 contre la surface 3a du piston, ce qui évite les déformations irréversibles ou les coincements de la lèvre 4 du piston. Comme la seconde partie 42d du noyau intérieur 42 est tronconique, elle forme un bord annulaire 50 saillant autour du noyau 42. De cette façon, lorsque la surface tronconique 44b de la couronne 44 exerce son effort de serrage radial sur la lèvre 4 du piston, ledit bord annulaire 50 exerce sur la lèvre 4 une pression concentrée sur une ligne périphérique intérieure de la lèvre 4. De la sorte, l'étanchéité du contact entre ladite lèvre 4 et la partie 42d est améliorée.The piston 3 has an annular surface 3a radial between the skirt 5 and the lip 4. Under the effect of the precompression spring 47, said annular surface 3a is applied against the crown 44. In addition, the crown 44 has an interior surface 44b frustoconical, which widens towards the upper end 1c of the pump body and which exerts a radial tightening force, by wedge effect, on the lip 4 when the crown 44 is in abutment against the surface 3a of the piston. Thus, the tightness of the contact between the lip 4 and the second part 42d of the core 42 is reinforced, while the clamping force exerted by the crown 44 is precisely controlled by the stop of said crown 44 against the surface 3a of the piston, which avoids irreversible deformations or jamming of the piston lip 4. Like the second part 42d of the inner core 42 is frustoconical, it forms an annular edge 50 projecting around the core 42. From this way, when the frustoconical surface 44b of the crown 44 exerts its clamping force radial on the lip 4 of the piston, said annular edge 50 exerts pressure on the lip 4 concentrated on an inner peripheral line of the lip 4. In this way, the tightness of the contact between said lip 4 and part 42d is improved.

Lorsque le piston est déplacé de sa position dans laquelle il bute contre la couronne 44, la lèvre 4 coulisse avec étanchéité sur la seconde partie 42d du noyau sur une distance D1.When the piston is moved from its position in which it abuts against the crown 44, the lip 4 slides with sealing on the second part 42d of the core over a distance D1.

Au-dessous des découpes 44a, la couronne 44 comporte en outre un collet 44d qui s'étend radialement vers l'extérieur.Below the cutouts 44a, the crown 44 further includes a collar 44d which extends radially outward.

Par ailleurs, la jupe 5 du piston comporte une surface intérieure cylindrique 5a qui s'étend axialement depuis la surface d'appui 3a du piston vers l'étranglement inférieur 1a du corps de pompe. La surface cylindrique 5a se prolonge par une surface tronconique 5b qui s'étend axialement vers l'étranglement inférieur 1a du corps de pompe en s'élargissant radialement vers l'extérieur.Furthermore, the skirt 5 of the piston has a cylindrical inner surface 5a which extends axially from the bearing surface 3a of the piston towards the lower constriction 1a of the pump body. The cylindrical surface 5a is extended by a frustoconical surface 5b which extends axially towards the lower constriction 1a of the pump body in widening radially outwards.

Lorsque le piston 23 est en butée contre la couronne 44, le collet 44d de la couronne 44 est en contact étanche avec la surface intérieure cylindrique 5a de la jupe 5. Lorsque le piston est déplacé à partir de cette position, le collet 44d coulisse avec étanchéité dans la surface intérieure cylindrique 5a, sur une distance D2 inférieure D1. Au delà, le collet 44d se déplace axialement à l'intérieur de la surface tronconique 5b de la jupe 5, sans étanchéité.When the piston 23 is in abutment against the crown 44, the collar 44d of the ring 44 is in leaktight contact with the cylindrical inner surface 5a of the skirt 5. When the piston is moved from this position, the collar 44d slides with sealing in the cylindrical inner surface 5a, over a distance D2 lower D1. At beyond, the collar 44d moves axially inside the frustoconical surface 5b of the skirt 5, without sealing.

Enfin, la pompe comporte un ressort de rappel 48 disposé entre l'élargissement 42e du noyau et l'étranglement inférieur 1a du corps de pompe. Le ressort de rappel 48 sollicite le noyau 42 et donc l'ensemble de la tige-poussoir 40, vers l'extrémité ouverte 1c du corps de pompe. Ainsi, sous l'action du ressort de rappel 48, le collet 41c du manchon 41 est appliqué en butée contre le fond 10a de la coupelle métallique 10. Eventuellement, un joint annulaire d'étanchéité 31a peut être interposé entre le collet 41c et le fond 10a de la coupelle 10.Finally, the pump includes a return spring 48 disposed between the widening 42e of the core and the lower constriction 1a of the pump body. Return spring 48 biases the core 42 and therefore the whole of the push rod 40, towards the open end 1c of the pump body. Thus, under the action of the return spring 48, the collar 41c of the sleeve 41 is applied in abutment against the bottom 10a of the metal cup 10. Optionally, an annular seal 31a can be interposed between the collar 41c and the bottom 10a of the cup 10.

Avantageusement, le piston 3 comporte des créneaux ou des nervures 49 disposés sensiblement radialement, sur lesquels s'appuient le ressort de précompression 47. En effet, lorsque le ressort de précompression 47 est un ressort hélicoïdal, ses spires d'extrémité peuvent être au repos comprises dans un plan non perpendiculaire à l'axe 2. Dans ce cas, le ressort 47 aurait tendance à déformer le piston, ou au moins la jupe extérieure 5 du piston, en lui imposant un certain dévers, c'est-à-dire une certaine rotation autour d'un axe perpendiculaire à l'axe 2. Mais comme le ressort 47 s'appuie sur les nervures 49 et non sur une surface continue, la pression exercée localement par le ressort 47 sur les nervures 49 est importante, de sorte que lesdites nervures 49 se déforment en permettant au ressort 47 de s'enfoncer plus ou moins dans lesdites nervures 49 en direction du piston 3. De cette façon, même si la spire d'extrémité du ressort 47 est comprise dans un plan non perpendiculaire à l'axe 2, les nervures 49, du fait de leur déformation, sont en contact avec le ressort 47 sur sensiblement toute la périphérie de sa spire d'extrémité. Ainsi, la force d'appui du ressort 47 est repartie sur sensiblement toute la périphérie du piston 3, de sorte que le piston 3 n'est pas déformé. On garantit ainsi le maintien d'une bonne étanchéité du contact entre la jupe 5 du piston 3 et le corps de pompe 1, au cours du temps. On remarquera en outre que la couronne 44, qui est en butée contre la surface 3a du piston, tend elle-aussi à limiter les déformations du piston 3 sous l'effet du ressort 47, en maintenant la position dudit piston.Advantageously, the piston 3 has slots or ribs 49 arranged substantially radially, on which the precompression spring 47 rests. indeed, when the precompression spring 47 is a helical spring, its turns end may be at rest included in a plane not perpendicular to the axis 2. In this case, the spring 47 would tend to deform the piston, or at least the skirt outside 5 of the piston, by imposing on it a certain cant, that is to say a certain rotation around an axis perpendicular to axis 2. But as the spring 47 rests on the ribs 49 and not on a continuous surface, the pressure exerted locally by the spring 47 on the ribs 49 is important, so that said ribs 49 deform in allowing the spring 47 to sink more or less into said ribs 49 in direction of piston 3. In this way, even if the end turn of spring 47 is included in a plane not perpendicular to the axis 2, the ribs 49, due to their deformation, are in contact with the spring 47 over substantially the entire periphery of its end turn. Thus, the bearing force of the spring 47 is distributed over substantially all of the periphery of the piston 3, so that the piston 3 is not deformed. This guarantees the maintenance of good sealing of the contact between the skirt 5 of the piston 3 and the body of pump 1, over time. It will also be noted that the crown 44, which is in abutment against the surface 3a of the piston, also tends to limit the deformations of the piston 3 under the effect of spring 47, maintaining the position of said piston.

Le fonctionnement de la pompe de la figure 1 est le suivant. Au repos, le piston 3 est en butée contre la couronne 44 et le collet 41c est en butée contre un joint annulaire 31a intercalé entre le collet 41c et le fond 10a de la coupelle métallique. Lorsqu'un utilisateur appuie sur le poussoir 43, il fait descendre la tige-poussoir 40 à l'intérieur du corps de pompe, ce qui sollicite le piston 3 vers le bas, du fait du ressort de précompression 47. Le volume de la chambre de pompe 6 a donc tendance à diminuer, de sorte qu'il s'y crée une surpression qui appuie la bille 15 contre son siège 16, en isolant la chambre de pompe 6. Comme le produit contenu dans la chambre de pompe est généralement incompressible, le piston 3 ne peut pas descendre dans la chambre de pompe : seule la tige-poussoir 40 descend donc, et éventuellement le piston 3 remonte légèrement dans le corps de pompe.The operation of the pump in FIG. 1 is as follows. At rest, the piston 3 is in abutment against the crown 44 and the collar 41c is in abutment against an annular seal 31a interposed between the collar 41c and the bottom 10a of the metal cup. When a user presses the pusher 43, it lowers the push rod 40 inside the pump body, which urges the piston 3 downwards, due to the spring of precompression 47. The volume of the pump chamber 6 therefore tends to decrease, by so that an overpressure is created there which presses the ball 15 against its seat 16, insulating the pump chamber 6. As the product contained in the pump chamber is generally incompressible, piston 3 cannot go down into the pump: only the push rod 40 therefore descends, and possibly the piston 3 rises slightly in the pump body.

Au cours de ce mouvement, tant que le piston ne s'est pas déplacé de la distance D2 par rapport à la tige-poussoir 40 depuis sa position de repos, seule une section périphérique S1 du piston, située radialement à l'extérieur du collet 44d, est tout d'abord soumise à la pression régnant dans la chambre de pompe. Par "section S1", on entend ici la projection de la surface du piston exposé à la pression de la chambre de pompe, sur un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe 2 du corps de pompe. Au fur et à mesure que l'utilisateur augmente sa poussée sur le poussoir 43, le ressort de rappel 48 et le ressort de précompression 47 sont comprimés, et la pression P dans la chambre de pompe augmente progressivement. Comme la poussée de l'utilisateur augmente relativement lentement, on peut considérer que, tant que le piston ne s'est pas déplacé de la distance D2 par rapport à la tige-poussoir 40 depuis sa position de repos, le piston est sensiblement en équilibre mécanique. On a donc la relation : P x S1 = F, où F est la force exercée par le ressort de précompression 47 sur le piston.During this movement, as long as the piston has not moved by the distance D2 relative to the push rod 40 from its rest position, only a peripheral section S1 of the piston, located radially outside the collar 44d, is first of all subjected to the pressure prevailing in the pump chamber. By "section S1" is meant here the projection of the surface of the piston exposed to the pressure of the pump chamber, on a plane perpendicular to the axis 2 of the pump body. As the user increases his push on the pusher 43, the return spring 48 and the precompression spring 47 are compressed, and the pressure P in the pump chamber gradually increases. As the thrust of the user increases relatively slowly, it can be considered that, as long as the piston has not moved by the distance D2 relative to the push rod 40 from its rest position, the piston is substantially in equilibrium mechanical. So we have the relation: P x S1 = F, where F is the force exerted by the precompression spring 47 on the piston.

Dès que le piston s'est déplacé de la distance D2 par rapport à la tige-poussoir 40, l'étanchéité entre le collet 44a et la jupe 5 du piston est rompue, et donc la pression P s'applique sur une section S2 annulaire délimitée intérieurement par le bord annulaire 50 sur lequel coulisse avec étanchéité la lèvre centrale 4 du piston. La section S2 est donc supérieure à S1, tandis que la pression P ne varie pas sensiblement à l'instant où est rompue l'étanchéité entre le collet 44a et la jupe 5, puisque la chambre de pompe reste isolée.As soon as the piston has moved the distance D2 relative to the push rod 40, the seal between the collar 44a and the skirt 5 of the piston is broken, and therefore the pressure P applies to an annular section S2 delimited internally by the annular edge 50 on which slides with sealing the central lip 4 of the piston. Section S2 is therefore higher than S1, while the pressure P does not vary appreciably at the time when is broken the seal between the collar 44a and the skirt 5, since the pump chamber remains isolated.

Ainsi, alors qu'on avait la relation P x S1 = F juste avant que cette étanchéité ne soit rompue, la force P x S2 est très supérieure à F juste après. Par conséquent, le piston subit une brusque accélération vers l'extrémité ouverte 1c du corps de pompe, et il parcourt rapidement la fin de la distance D1, jusqu'à ce que la lèvre 4 du piston libère l'orifice 42b et permette la sortie du produit.So while we had the relationship P x S1 = F just before this seal is broken, the force P x S2 is much greater than F just after. Consequently, the piston undergoes a sudden acceleration towards the open end 1c of the pump body, and it quickly traverses the end of the distance D1, until the lip 4 of the piston releases the orifice 42b and allows the outlet. of the product.

Comme la fin du mouvement du piston relativement à la tige-poussoir 40 est très rapide, la lèvre 4 remonte largement au-delà du bord annulaire 50 du noyau central 42, de sorte que l'orifice 42b est largement ouvert, et que le produit peut d'emblée être expulsé avec un fort débit.As the end of the movement of the piston relative to the push rod 40 is very rapid, the lip 4 rises far beyond the annular edge 50 of the central core 42, so that port 42b is wide open, and the product can be immediately expelled with a high flow.

Ceci a deux conséquences :

  • 1/ Tout d'abord, le débit de produit émis étant fort dès le début, la vitesse du produit dans le gicleur 43a est importante. Par conséquent, la pulvérisation est excellente dès que le produit commence à être émis.
  • 2/ Ensuite, comme le débit initial de produit expulsé est grand, la pression régnant dans la chambre de pompe chute très brutalement, tout en restant suffisante pour que le piston 3 ne soit pas repoussé dans sa position de repos par le ressort de précompression 47. Du fait de cette chute brutale de pression, le doigt de l'utilisateur qui appuie sur le poussoir ne rencontre quasiment plus de résistance, et il enfonce rapidement la tige-poussoir 40 et le piston 3 jusque dans une position de fin de course, sans même que l'utilisateur puisse contrôler ce mouvement.
    • This has two consequences:
  • 1 / First of all, the product flow rate being strong from the start, the speed of the product in the nozzle 43a is important. Therefore, the spraying is excellent as soon as the product starts to emit.
  • 2 / Then, as the initial flow rate of product expelled is large, the pressure prevailing in the pump chamber drops very suddenly, while remaining sufficient so that the piston 3 is not pushed back into its rest position by the precompression spring 47 Due to this sudden drop in pressure, the finger of the user who presses the plunger encounters almost no more resistance, and he quickly pushes the push rod 40 and the piston 3 into an end-of-travel position, without even the user being able to control this movement.

    • Ainsi, contrairement aux pompes à précompression de l'art antérieur, il est impossible d'enfoncer lentement le poussoir, en appuyant juste assez fort pour provoquer un léger débit d'expulsion du produit, sans pulvérisation ou avec une mauvaise pulvérisation. Avec la pompe selon l'invention, s'il y a expulsion du produit, c'est forcément à un débit suffisant pour permettre une bonne pulvérisation, et ce tout au long de la pulvérisation. Thus, unlike the precompression pumps of the prior art, it is impossible to push in slowly, pressing just hard enough to cause a slight expulsion rate of the product, without spraying or with poor spray. With the pump according to the invention, if the product is expelled, it is necessarily at a sufficient rate to allow good spraying, and this throughout spraying.

    En outre, comme les conditions de pulvérisation sont excellentes, il peut être possible, sans diminuer la qualité de la pulvérisation, de diminuer quelque peu la raideur du ressort de précompression de la pompe selon l'invention par rapport à la raideur du ressort de précompression d'une pompe de l'art antérieur. La pompe selon l'invention devient ainsi plus "douce" et plus facile d'utilisation que les pompes à précompression de l'art antérieur, dans la mesure où elle demande moins d'effort à l'utilisateur.In addition, as the spray conditions are excellent, it can be possible, without reducing the quality of the spray, to slightly reduce the stiffness of the precompression spring of the pump according to the invention with respect to the stiffness of the precompression spring of a pump of the prior art. The pump according to the invention thus becomes "softer" and easier to use than the precompression pumps of the prior art, insofar as it requires less effort from the user.

    Lorsque la pression dans la chambre de pompe est suffisante pour contrebalancer la force du ressort de précompression 47, le piston 3 coulisse sur la tige 40 en direction de l'extrémité supérieure 1c du corps de pompe.When the pressure in the pump chamber is sufficient to counterbalance the force of the precompression spring 47, the piston 3 slides on the rod 40 in the direction of the upper end 1c of the pump body.

    On remarquera en outre que l'orifice latéral 42b du noyau 42 est percé dans la première partie cylindrique 42a dudit noyau, sur laquelle le piston 3 coulisse sans étanchéité. Ainsi, même si les bords de l'orifice 42b présentent de légers défauts de moulage, ceux-ci ne gênent pas du tout le coulissement du piston 3 sur le noyau 42. De plus, comme il existe un certain jeu entre le piston 3 et la première partie cylindrique 42a du noyau 42, le débit d'expulsion du produit est amélioré.It will also be noted that the lateral orifice 42b of the core 42 is drilled in the first cylindrical part 42a of said core, on which the piston 3 slides without sealing. Thus, even if the edges of the orifice 42b have slight defects in molding, these do not hinder the sliding of the piston 3 on the core 42 at all. more, as there is a certain clearance between the piston 3 and the first cylindrical part 42a from the core 42, the expulsion rate of the product is improved.

    Le mouvement de descente du piston 3 se poursuit jusqu'à ce que la jupe 5 du piston 3 bute contre les nervures 1g du corps de pompe. Lorsque l'utilisateur relâche le poussoir 43, le ressort de rappel 48 repousse la tige-poussoir 40 vers l'extrémité 1c du corps de pompe, et simultanément, le ressort de précompression 47 repousse le piston 3 vers la couronne 44, de sorte que la lèvre inférieure centrale 4 du piston recouvre à nouveau la deuxième partie cylindrique 42b du noyau 42, et que la couronne 44 applique nouveau un effet de serrage radial sur ladite lèvre 4 du piston. Au cours de ce mouvement du piston, le volume de la chambre d'aspiration 46 augmente, et comme le piston 3 coulisse sans étanchéité sur la première partie cylindrique 42c du noyau 42, la chambre d'aspiration 46 communique avec l'orifice 42b, de sorte que l'augmentation de volume de la chambre d'aspiration 46 produit une aspiration dans le canal axial 42a du noyau 42, dans le canal 41a du manchon 41, et dans le passage de sortie du poussoir 43. Ainsi, on évite que le produit contenu dans le poussoir 43 ne goutte ou ne suinte à l'extérieur dudit poussoir pendant le stockage du dispositif, particulièrement lorsque le produit a une consistance pâteuse.The downward movement of the piston 3 continues until the skirt 5 of the piston 3 abuts against the ribs 1g of the pump body. When the user releases the pusher 43, the return spring 48 pushes the push rod 40 towards the end 1c of the pump body, and simultaneously, the precompression spring 47 pushes the piston 3 towards the crown 44, so that the central lower lip 4 of the piston covers again the second cylindrical part 42b of the core 42, and that the crown 44 applies again a radial tightening effect on said lip 4 of the piston. During this movement of the piston, the volume of the suction chamber 46 increases, and like the piston 3 slide without sealing on the first cylindrical part 42c of the core 42, the chamber suction 46 communicates with the orifice 42b, so that the increase in volume of the suction chamber 46 produces suction in the axial channel 42a of the core 42, in the channel 41a of the sleeve 41, and in the outlet passage of the pusher 43. Thus, one prevents the product contained in the pusher 43 from dripping or oozing outside of said pusher during device storage, particularly when the product has a pasty consistency.

    En variante, le ressort de rappel 48 de la tige-poussoir 40 pourrait être monté à l'extérieur du corps de pompe, par exemple entre un collet du manchon 41 et le fond 10a de la coupelle 10.Alternatively, the return spring 48 of the push rod 40 could be mounted at the outside of the pump body, for example between a collar of the sleeve 41 and the bottom 10a of the cup 10.

    Dans la forme de réalisation représentée, le corps de pompe 1 est percé d'un orifice de reprise d'air 18, situé au voisinage de l'extrémité supérieure 1c dudit corps de pompe. De plus, lorsque la tige-poussoir est enfoncée, le collet 41e n'est plus en contact avec le joint 31a, de sorte que de l'air peut passer entre la tige-poussoir 40 et le joint 31a. Ainsi, dans la phase de remontée du piston 3, lorsque du produit est aspiré du réservoir vers la chambre de pompe 6, un volume d'air égal au volume de produit aspiré dans la chambre de pompe peut passer dans le réservoir par l'intermédiaire de l'orifice de reprise d'air 18.In the embodiment shown, the pump body 1 is pierced with an orifice air intake 18, located near the upper end 1c of said pump body. In addition, when the push rod is pressed, the collar 41e is no longer in contact with the seal 31a, so that air can pass between the push rod 40 and the seal 31a. So, in the ascent phase of the piston 3, when the product is sucked from the reservoir towards the pump chamber 6, a volume of air equal to the volume of product drawn into the chamber pump can pass into the tank through the air return port 18.

    Néanmoins, la pompe pourrait ne pas comporter d'orifice de reprise d'air 18, sans pour autant sortir du cadre de la présente invention.However, the pump may not have an air intake orifice 18, without however, depart from the scope of the present invention.

    La chambre d'aspiration 46 pourrait être omise, sans pour autant sortir du cadre de la présente invention.The suction chamber 46 could be omitted, without going beyond the ambit of the present invention.

    Eventuellement, bien que cela ne soit pas un variante préférée, l'expulsion du produit peut débuter dès que l'étanchéité entre le collet 44a et la jupe 5 est rompue, c'est-à-dire dès que le piston s'est déplacé de la distance D2 par rapport à la tige-poussoir. Dans ce cas, l'effet d'impulsion donné au piston lorsque cette étanchéité est rompue existe toujours, puisque la section du piston exposée à la pression de chambre de pompe augmente brutalement de S1 à S2. Mais l'impulsion donnée au piston 3 est moins forte que dans l'exemple de la figure 1, puisque la pression dans la chambre de pompe commence à diminuer dès que l'étanchéité entre le collet 44a et la jupe 5 est rompue, du fait que l'expulsion du produit débute à ce moment.Possibly, although this is not a preferred variant, the expulsion of the product can start as soon as the seal between the collar 44a and the skirt 5 is broken, that is to say as soon as the piston has moved the distance D2 from the push rod. In this case, the impulse effect given to the piston when this seal is broken still exists, since the piston cross-section exposed to the pump chamber pressure suddenly increases from S1 to S2. But the impulse given to piston 3 is less strong as in the example in figure 1, since the pressure in the pump chamber begins to decrease as soon as the seal between the collar 44a and the skirt 5 is broken, the expulsion of the product begins at this time.

    La pompe de la figure 3 a une structure très similaire à celle de la figure 1, et ne sera donc pas à nouveau décrite en détail ici. Cette pompe se différencie de celle de la figure 1 en ce qu'elle est destinée à pulvériser ou distribuer une seule dose de produit, contenue initialement dans la chambre de pompe 6. La pompe de la figure 3 ne comporte pas d'orifice de reprise d'air 18. Elle ne comporte pas non plus la chambre de réaspiration 46 de la pompe de la figure 1, auquel cas le piston 3 coulisse avec étanchéité sur le noyau 42 de la tige 40. On notera toutefois que la chambre de réaspiration 46 pourrait éventuellement être conservée comme sur la figure 1, bien que la réaspiration présente peu d'intérêt dans le cas présent. Enfin, la pompe de la figure 3 ne comporte pas de clapet d'entrée 15, 16, ni de conduit d'entrée 1b, mais seulement un passage de remplissage 60 dans le fond 1a du corps de pompe, fermé par une bille ou un autre moyen équivalent.The pump of figure 3 has a structure very similar to that of figure 1, and will not be therefore not described again in detail here. This pump differs from that of Figure 1 in that it is intended to spray or dispense a single dose of product, contained initially in the pump chamber 6. The pump in FIG. 3 does not have return air orifice 18. It also does not include the re-suction chamber 46 of the pump of FIG. 1, in which case the piston 3 slides with sealing on the core 42 of the rod 40. It will however be noted that the re-aspiration chamber 46 could possibly be kept as in figure 1, although the re-aspiration presents little interest in this case. Finally, the pump of Figure 3 does not have a valve inlet 15, 16, nor inlet duct 1b, but only a filling passage 60 in the bottom 1a of the pump body, closed by a ball or other equivalent means.

    La pompe de la figure 4 est une variante de la pompe de la figure 1, dans laquelle le collet 44a de la couronne 44 coulisse avec étanchéité non plus à l'intérieur de la jupe 5 du piston, mais à l'intérieur d'une paroi axiale cylindrique 5c concentrique à la jupe 5.The pump of Figure 4 is a variant of the pump of Figure 1, in which the collar 44a of the crown 44 slides no longer inside the skirt 5 of the piston, but inside a cylindrical axial wall 5c concentric with the skirt 5.

    Dans la description qui précède, pour plus de clarté, il a été fait référence à une pompe se trouvant en position verticale, la tige-poussoir dirigée vers le haut, ce qui est la position la plus courante de ces dispositifs : bien entendu, la pompe peut être utilisée dans une autre position, sans pour autant sortir du cadre de la présente invention.In the above description, for the sake of clarity, reference has been made to a pump in vertical position, push rod pointing upwards, which is the most common position of these devices: of course, the pump can be used in another position, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

    Claims (5)

    1. A precompression pump comprising at least:
      a hollow cylindrical pump body (1);
      an annular piston (3) sliding axially inside the pump body (1), the piston (3) and the pump body (1) together defining a pump chamber (6);
      a push rod (40) for controlling the piston (3), the having an outside end projecting out from the pump body, said push rod sliding axially in the centre of the piston (3), said push rod (40) including an outlet channel (41a, 42a) which opens out to the inside of the pump body (1) via a lateral opening (42b), the piston (3) being displaceable relative to the push rod (40) so as to close the lateral opening (42b) or so as to put into communication with the pump chamber (6); and
      resilient precompression means (47) urging the piston (3) towards the pump chamber (6) and towards a rest position where it closes the lateral opening (42b) of the outlet channel;
         the pump further including a central sealing member (42e, 44) displaceable with the push rod (40) and situated axially between the piston and the pump chamber, the pump being characterized in that said central sealing member (42e, 44) is in sealing contact with the piston (3) when said piston (3) is in its rest position, isolating the pump chamber (6) from a central section (S2 - S1) of the piston (3).
    2. A pump according to claim 1, further characterized in that the piston (3) includes an axial inside cylindrical surface (5b, 5c) open towards the pump chamber (6), said central sealing member (42e, 44) sliding in sealed manner in said inside cylindrical surface while isolating the pump chamber (6) from said central section (S2 - S1) of the piston, and said inside cylindrical surface extends axially towards the pump chamber over a length such that the central sealing member leaves said cylindrical surface when the piston (3) has moved through a certain distance D2 relative to the push rod (40), starting from the rest position and going towards the outside end of the push rod.
    3. A pump according to claim 2, characterized in that the push rod (40) includes at least one sealing zone (50) situated axially at a location lying between the lateral opening (42b) of the outlet channel and the pump chamber (6), the piston (3) sliding in sealed manner over said sealing zone (50), thereby isolating the outlet channel from the pump chamber, the piston leaving said sealing zone when it is displaced relative to the push rod axially through a distance D1 greater than D2 starting from its rest position and going towards the outside end of the push rod, and the outlet channel communicates with the pump chamber as soon as the piston has been displaced through said distance D1.
    4. A pump according to any preceding claim, further characterized in that it includes resilient return means for the push rod (40) and the pump chamber (6) includes an inlet non-return valve (15, 16) enabling said pump chamber to be filled after each actuation of the pump.
    5. A pump according to any preceding claim, further characterized in that said central sealing member (42e, 44) is secured to the push rod (40).
    EP95917405A 1994-04-27 1995-04-14 Improved precompression pump Expired - Lifetime EP0757592B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (3)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    FR9405112 1994-04-27
    FR9405112A FR2719242B1 (en) 1994-04-27 1994-04-27 Advanced precompression pump.
    PCT/FR1995/000496 WO1995029016A1 (en) 1994-04-27 1995-04-14 Improved precompression pump

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0757592A1 EP0757592A1 (en) 1997-02-12
    EP0757592B1 true EP0757592B1 (en) 1998-07-08

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    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP95917405A Expired - Lifetime EP0757592B1 (en) 1994-04-27 1995-04-14 Improved precompression pump

    Country Status (7)

    Country Link
    US (1) US5803318A (en)
    EP (1) EP0757592B1 (en)
    JP (1) JP3661062B2 (en)
    DE (1) DE69503369T2 (en)
    ES (1) ES2120747T3 (en)
    FR (1) FR2719242B1 (en)
    WO (1) WO1995029016A1 (en)

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    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    FR2719242B1 (en) 1996-07-12
    EP0757592A1 (en) 1997-02-12
    JP3661062B2 (en) 2005-06-15
    US5803318A (en) 1998-09-08
    WO1995029016A1 (en) 1995-11-02
    DE69503369D1 (en) 1998-08-13
    FR2719242A1 (en) 1995-11-03
    ES2120747T3 (en) 1998-11-01
    JPH09512208A (en) 1997-12-09
    DE69503369T2 (en) 1999-04-08

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