EP0757110B1 - Method for heat treating railway track elements - Google Patents

Method for heat treating railway track elements Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0757110B1
EP0757110B1 EP96109815A EP96109815A EP0757110B1 EP 0757110 B1 EP0757110 B1 EP 0757110B1 EP 96109815 A EP96109815 A EP 96109815A EP 96109815 A EP96109815 A EP 96109815A EP 0757110 B1 EP0757110 B1 EP 0757110B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
track part
over
track
dipping
process according
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EP96109815A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0757110A1 (en
Inventor
Gerhard Ing. Ratz
Stefan Dipl.-Ing. Schmedders
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Voestalpine Turnout Technology Germany GmbH
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Voestalpine BWG GmbH
Butzbacher Weichenbau GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/63—Quenching devices for bath quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/04—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rails
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for tempering a track part, in particular Turnout part like spring tongue or centerpiece over the entire cross-section, the track part preferably has changing cross-sectional shapes along its length.
  • a method for the heat treatment of rails can be found in WO 94/02652.
  • the rail becomes an undesirable hardening of the much thinner webs partially immersed in a coolant bath containing synthetic additives with her head, while the rail foot is cooled with compressed air and / or a water-air mixture becomes.
  • desired hardness or hardness distributions can be achieved in the rail head can be achieved because the splint is the same over its entire length in the head area Has cross sections.
  • DE-C-262 970 describes a method and an apparatus for achieving various Degrees of hardness and toughness of elongated objects are known. To do this, the subject passed through various baths of oil and water.
  • DE-A 28 20 784 shows a method for producing rails, at which the rail head should be hardened. There is the Possibility of completely or solely in the head area in a coolant immerse, which has aggregates to the heat transfer from the rail to the Increase bath.
  • DE-C-396 946 provides that the curing object is immersed several times in a cooling bath.
  • the present invention is based on the problem of a method as described in the introduction Kind in such a way that track parts in particular along with their length changing cross-sectional shapes over the entire cross-section to a desired structure such as preferably fine pearlitic training can be reproducibly remunerated.
  • the teaching according to the invention makes the cooling rate more uniform about the cross section of the track part, with an adaptation to different cross-sectional shapes this is done in that the track part alternately in cyclical sequence or completely and / or inclined in the coolant.
  • the desired equalization of remuneration takes place across the entire cross-section, so that voltage differences are largely avoided without the There is a risk that undesired hardening will occur in the areas of the track part. in which there are reduced cross sections compared to the head area.
  • rail parts in particular switch parts, are in their Travel areas, whereby finished machined track parts are heat treated. After Remuneration is then only necessary that necessary holes are drilled or for example a spring point is milled.
  • the tab chambers can be equipped with compensation tabs and / or inorganic products such as concrete to be filled in these critical areas to prevent undesirable cooling speeds of the track part.
  • the cooling process is followed by a tempering treatment for targeted microstructure adjustment.
  • the necessary straightening processes are used to avoid changes in tension and structure performed at elevated temperatures.
  • the immersion times t 1 , t 3 , ... t n-2 , t n can be selected so that the track part is specifically cooled over its entire cross-section such that t 1 ⁇ t 3 and / or t 3 ⁇ t 5 and / or t n-2 ⁇ t n , in particular t 1 ⁇ t n . In this way, necessary predetermined structures are reproducibly achieved.
  • the heat or heat treatment according to the invention can be used for a track part made of rail steel of a quality such as S 1100V or 900A or 1100 according to UIC 860V with a directional analysis of, for example 0.53 - 0.62% C, 0.15 - 0.25% Si, 0.65 - 1.1% Mn, 0.8 - 1.3% Cr, 0.05 - 0.11% Mo, 0.05 - 0.11% V, ⁇ 0.02 P, optionally up to 0.025 Al, optionally 0.5% Nb, residual iron as well as common contamination caused by melting.
  • a quality such as S 1100V or 900A or 1100 according to UIC 860V with a directional analysis of, for example 0.53 - 0.62% C, 0.15 - 0.25% Si, 0.65 - 1.1% Mn, 0.8 - 1.3% Cr, 0.05 - 0.11% Mo, 0.05 - 0.11% V, ⁇ 0.02 P, optionally up to 0.025 Al, optionally 0.5% Nb, residual iron as
  • the track part - preferably several corresponding track parts at the same time - is preferably lying on its head the entire length is heated, for example in a gas-heated tempering furnace, to an austenitizing temperature T II at a controllable rate and is kept at this temperature for a predetermined time.
  • the temperature T II can be adjusted over a wide range of the steel brand used. Temperatures T II between approximately 850 ° C and 900 ° C are possible.
  • the track parts are removed from the tempering furnace and it takes place controlled immersion of the track parts in a quenching bath downstream of the tempering furnace, in which there is a water-miscible synthetic cooling medium.
  • the track parts are subjected to a cyclical cooling process in such a way that the rail parts alternately partially or completely immersed in the coolant bath.
  • the cooling process itself is like monitoring and limiting the process parameters Concentration and temperature of the cooling medium, immersion cycle, immersion depth etc. certainly.
  • the heat treatment method according to the invention is to be based on a welded one Centerpiece.
  • the centerpiece was made of high quality rail steel 900A according to UIC conditions.
  • the rising edge I is intended to illustrate the heating of the track part to the austenitizing temperature.
  • the track part After reaching the austenitizing temperature, the track part is held at austenitizing temperature T II for a predetermined period of time, in order then to be immediately quenched in a coolant bath, as a result of which the desired conversion into the predetermined structure takes place.
  • This area is marked III in the diagram according to FIG. 1.
  • starting flank IV
  • T V which can be, for example, 1-2 hours.
  • T V which can be, for example, 1-2 hours.
  • cooling in still air (falling flank VI) which may require straightening of the track part. This can be carried out in a temperature range that is just below 300 ° C.
  • the welded heart is cyclically partially or completely into one coolant bath (10) containing water-miscible synthetic medium in a targeted manner submerged that a desired even cooling with the cross section of the centerpiece he follows.
  • FIG Line (120) symbolizes that with respect to the frog cross-sectional representations (12), (14), (16), (18) runs in such a way that the centerpiece either only in its head area or is completely immersed in the coolant bath (10).
  • the cross sections (12), (14), (16) and (18) should further clarify that the centerpiece is always along its entire length completely or partially (head area) is immersed in the coolant bath (10).
  • the track part is first immersed only with its head region over a period t 1 . Over a subsequent, but shorter period of time t 2, the track part is completely immersed. Then the track part is partially lifted out of the coolant over a period t 3 with t 3 ⁇ t 1 in order to again cool only the head region in the coolant bath (10). This is followed by a period of time t 4 , in which the track part is completely immersed, followed by an immersion of the head area alone over a period of time t 5 ⁇ t 3 .
  • T v can be between 400 and 550 ° C.
  • the period t v can be 1-2 hours. This creates the specified structure and a tension compensation across the cross section.
  • a heat treatment of a wing rail (22) from a Material S 1100V can be clarified in principle, with regard to heating up Austenitizing temperature, holding to austenitizing temperature, tempering and cooling in principle a process - even if it differs in time and temperature - takes place, which corresponds to that which has been illustrated with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the wing rail (22) is first initially over a time period t 0 completely into the coolant bath (10) immersed in order to then via one of the time duration t 0 corresponding time t 1 alone head in the coolant bath (10) to leave. This is followed by the complete or partial immersion of the wing rail (22) over the same time sequences t 2 t 3 and t 4 , and then over a period of time compared to the periods t 0 or t 1 or t 2 or t 3 and t 4 t 5 considerably longer period of time to leave the head of the wing rail (22) in the coolant bath (10) alone.
  • the coolant bath (10) is then removed in order to leave the wing rail (22) on - in accordance with the procedure shown in FIG. 1. This is followed by cooling in still air (flank VI), whereby the wing rail (22) can be straightened. This temperature range can be just below 300 ° C.

Abstract

The heat treatment of a track element which is heated over its entire length and then cooled in a coolant bath in such a way that, if necessary, the element is dipped - with its head portion leading - partially and with interruptions into the bath. According to a predetermined time sequence, the element is alternatingly dipped completely and partially into the coolant bath.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Vergütung eines Gleisteils, insbesondere Weichenteils wie Federzunge oder Herzstück über den ganzen Querschnitt, wobei das Gleisteil vorzugsweise entlang seiner Länge sich ändernde Querschnittsformen aufweist.The invention relates to a method for tempering a track part, in particular Turnout part like spring tongue or centerpiece over the entire cross-section, the track part preferably has changing cross-sectional shapes along its length.

Ein Verfahren zum Wärmebehandeln von Schienen ist der WO 94/02652 zu entnehmen. Um ein unerwünschtes Aufhärten der wesentlich dünneren Stege zu vermeiden, wird die Schiene partiell in ein synthetische Zusätze aufweisendes Kühlmittelbad mit ihrem Kopf getaucht, wobei gleichzeitig der Schienenfuß mit Preßluft und/oder einem Wasser-Luftgemisch gekühlt wird. Mit einem solchen Verfahren können im Schienenkopf gewünschte Härte bzw. Härteverteilungen erzielt werden, da die Schiene über ihre gesamte Länge im Kopfbereich gleiche Querschnitte aufweist.A method for the heat treatment of rails can be found in WO 94/02652. Around The rail becomes an undesirable hardening of the much thinner webs partially immersed in a coolant bath containing synthetic additives with her head, while the rail foot is cooled with compressed air and / or a water-air mixture becomes. With such a process, desired hardness or hardness distributions can be achieved in the rail head can be achieved because the splint is the same over its entire length in the head area Has cross sections.

Um ein feinperlitisches Gefüge im Kopfbereich einer Schiene zu erzielen, wird nach der EP 0 088 746 A1 der Schienenkopf mittels eines Kühlmediums aus einer im Austenitgebiet liegenden Temperatur auf eine Temperatur abgekühlt, bei welcher die Perlitumwandlung abgeschlossen ist. Als Kühlmedium wird dabei Wasser mit synthetischem Kühlmittelzusatz wie Polyglykol verwendet. Ebenfalls aus der DE-C 582 957 ist ein Verfahren zum Vergüten von Eisenbahnschienen bekannt, bei dem allein der Kopf einmalig in eine Kühlflüssigkeit eingetaucht wird. To achieve a fine pearlitic structure in the head area of a rail, according to the EP 0 088 746 A1 the rail head using a cooling medium from an in the austenite area lying temperature cooled to a temperature at which the pearlite transformation is completed. Water with synthetic coolant is used as the cooling medium like polyglycol used. DE-C 582 957 also describes a process for tempering known from railroad tracks, in which only the head once in a coolant is immersed.

Um Gleisteile mit sich ändernden Querschnittsformen, insbesondere Weichenteile zu vergüten, um ein feinperlitisches Gefüge zu erzielen, ist es nach der DE 25 41 978 C3 bekannt, das Weichenteil mittels eines Brenners oder Induktors auf Austenitisierungstemperatur zu erhitzen und anschließend Preßluft nur von oben auf die auf dem Fuß stehenden Weichenteile zu blasen, wobei die Breite des Preßluftstrahls mindestens der Größe und Breite des Weichenteils entspricht. Nach Abschluß der Perlitumwandlung kann das Weichenteil zusätzlich mit Wasser abgeschreckt werden.In order to compensate for track parts with changing cross-sectional shapes, especially switch parts, In order to achieve a fine pearlitic structure, it is known from DE 25 41 978 C3 the switch part to the austenitizing temperature by means of a burner or inductor heat and then press air only from above onto the switch parts standing on the foot to blow, the width of the compressed air jet at least the size and width of the switch part corresponds. After completing the pearlite transformation, the switch part can be added be quenched with water.

Aus der DE-C-262 970 sind ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Erzielung verschiedener Härte- und Zähigkeitsgrade langgestreckter Gegenstände bekannt. Hierzu wird der Gegenstand durch verschiedene Bäder von Öl und Wasser hindurchgeführt.DE-C-262 970 describes a method and an apparatus for achieving various Degrees of hardness and toughness of elongated objects are known. To do this, the subject passed through various baths of oil and water.

Aus der DE-A 28 20 784 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schienen zu entnehmen, bei dem der Schienenkopf gehärtet werden soll. Dabei besteht die Möglichkeit, die Schiene vollständig bzw. allein im Kopfbereich in eine Kühlflüssigkeit einzutauchen, die Zuschlagstoffe aufweist, um den Wärmeübergang von der Schiene auf das Bad zu steigern.DE-A 28 20 784 shows a method for producing rails, at which the rail head should be hardened. There is the Possibility of completely or solely in the head area in a coolant immerse, which has aggregates to the heat transfer from the rail to the Increase bath.

Um Überhöhungen von Eisenbahnschienen zu härten, wird nach der DE-C-826 304 vorgeschlagen, dass die Schiene allein im Bereich ihrer Überhöhung in Kühlflüssigkeit eingetaucht wird. Um gegebenenfalls entlang der Schiene einen sich ändernden Härteverlauf zu erzielen, besteht die Möglichkeit, die Schiene geneigt in eine Kühlflüssigkeit einzutauchen.According to DE-C-826 304, in order to harden rail tracks, that the rail is immersed in coolant only in the area of its elevation becomes. In order, if necessary, to change the course of the hardness along the rail achieve, there is the possibility of immersing the rail in a coolant at an incline.

Um z. B. Vignolschienen oder Stangen zu härten, sieht die DE-C-396 946 vor, dass der zu härtende Gegenstand mehrfach in ein Kühlbad eingetaucht wird.To z. B. to harden Vignol rails or rods, DE-C-396 946 provides that the curing object is immersed several times in a cooling bath.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt das Problem zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs beschriebenen Art so weiterzubilden, daß Gleisteile insbesondere mit entlang ihrer Länge sich ändernden Querschnittsformen über den ganzen Querschnitt auf ein gewünschtes Gefüge wie vorzugsweise feinperlitische Ausbildung reproduzierbar vergütbar sind.The present invention is based on the problem of a method as described in the introduction Kind in such a way that track parts in particular along with their length changing cross-sectional shapes over the entire cross-section to a desired structure such as preferably fine pearlitic training can be reproducibly remunerated.

Das Problem wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Verfahrensschritte gelöst:

  • Erwärmen und Halten des Gleisteils auf Austenitisierungstemperatur,
  • Eintauchen des Gleisteils in ein mit Wasser mischbares synthetisches Medium enthaltendes Kühlmittelbad allein im Kopfbereich über eine Zeit t1,
  • anschließendes vollständiges Eintauchen des Gleisteils über eine Zeit t2,
  • anschließendes erneutes Eintauchen des Gleisteils allein in seinem Kopfbereich über eine Zeit t3,
  • anschließendes Herausnehmen des Gleisteils aus dem Kühlmittelbad,
  • anschließendes Anlassen des Gleisteils und
  • schließlich Kühlen des Gleisteils.
According to the invention, the problem is solved by the method steps:
  • Heating and holding the track part to the austenitizing temperature,
  • Immersing the track part in a coolant bath containing water-miscible synthetic medium alone in the head region for a time t 1 ,
  • Subsequent complete immersion of the track part over a time t 2 ,
  • Subsequent immersion of the track part alone in its head area over a time t 3 ,
  • then removing the track section from the coolant bath,
  • then starting the track section and
  • finally cooling the track section.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Lehre erfolgt eine Vergleichmäßigung der Abkühlgeschwindigkeit über den Querschnitt des Gleisteils, wobei eine Anpassung an unterschiedliche Querschnittsformen dadurch erfolgt, daß das Gleisteil in zyklischer Folge abwechselnd bereichsweise bzw. vollständig und/oder geneigt in das Kühlmittel eingetaucht wird. Hierdurch bedingt erfolgt die gewünschte Vergleichmäßigung der Vergütung über den gesamten Querschnitt, so dass Spannungsunterschiede weitestgehend vermieden werden, ohne daß die Gefahr erwächst, daß eine unerwünschte Aufhärtung in den Bereichen des Gleisteils erfolgt, in dem im Vergleich zum Kopfbereich verringerte Querschnitte vorliegen.The teaching according to the invention makes the cooling rate more uniform about the cross section of the track part, with an adaptation to different cross-sectional shapes this is done in that the track part alternately in cyclical sequence or completely and / or inclined in the coolant. Hereby conditionally the desired equalization of remuneration takes place across the entire cross-section, so that voltage differences are largely avoided without the There is a risk that undesired hardening will occur in the areas of the track part. in which there are reduced cross sections compared to the head area.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Lehre werden Schienenteile, insbesondere Weichenteile in ihren Fahrbereichen vergütet, wobei fertig bearbeitete Gleisteile wärmebehandelt werden. Nach der Vergütung ist es dann nur noch erforderlich, daß notwendige Bohrungen eingebracht werden oder zum Beispiel eine Federstelle gefräst wird.Through the teaching of the invention, rail parts, in particular switch parts, are in their Travel areas, whereby finished machined track parts are heat treated. After Remuneration is then only necessary that necessary holes are drilled or for example a spring point is milled.

Gegebenenfalls können die Laschenkammern unter anderem mit Ausgleichslaschen und/oder anorganischen Produkten wie Beton gefüllt werden, um in diesen kritischen Bereichen unerwünschte Abkühlungsgeschwindigkeiten des Gleisteils zu verhindern.If necessary, the tab chambers can be equipped with compensation tabs and / or inorganic products such as concrete to be filled in these critical areas to prevent undesirable cooling speeds of the track part.

Zur gezielten Gefügeeinstellung folgt dem Abkühlungsprozeß eine Anlaßbehandlung.The cooling process is followed by a tempering treatment for targeted microstructure adjustment.

Notwendige Richtprozesse werden zur Vermeidung von Spannungs- und Gefügeveränderungen bei erhöhten Temperaturen durchgeführt. The necessary straightening processes are used to avoid changes in tension and structure performed at elevated temperatures.

Insbesondere ist das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren für ein Weichenteil aus Schienenstahl der Güte 900A oder 1100A nach UIC-Bedingungen anwendbar. Zur Erzielung eines festgelegten wie feinperlitischen bzw. martensitischen Gefüges wird das Gleisteil auf Austenitisierungstemperatur TII aufgeheizt, auf der Temperatur TII über eine Zeit tII gehalten, anschließend durch Eintauchen in ein Kühlmittelbad gesteuert abgekühlt, wobei das Gleisteil mehrfach sowohl bereichsweise allein mit seinem Kopfbereich als auch vollständig in das Kühlmittelbad eingetaucht wird, und anschließend bei einer Anlaßtemperatur TV von etwa 400° C ≤ TV ≤ 600° C über einen Zeitraum tV von vorzugsweise 1 h ≤ tV ≤ 3 h gehalten und gegebenenfalls sodann bei einer Temperatur TVI ≤ TV, vorzugsweise TVI ≤ 300° C gerichtet. Insbesondere wird das Gleisteil bezüglich des zyklischen vollständigen bzw. partiellen Eintauchens in das Kühlmittelbad den Tauchschritten unterzogen:

  • a) Eintauchen des Gleisteils allein mit seinem Kopfbereich über eine Zeit t1,
  • b) vollständiges Eintauchen des Gleisteils über eine Zeit t2,
  • c) Eintauchen des Gleisteils allein mit seinem Kopfbereich über eine Zeit t3 und anschließendes Herausnehmen des Gleisteils aus dem Kühlmittelbad oder vorheriges ein- oder mehrmaliges Wiederholen der Tauchschritte b) und c), wobei gegebenenfalls dem Tauchschritt a) ein vollständiges Eintauchen des Gleisteils in das Kühlmittelbad vorausgeht.
    • In particular, the method according to the invention can be used for a switch part made of rail steel of quality 900A or 1100A according to UIC conditions. In order to achieve a fixed and fine pearlitic or martensitic structure, the track part is heated to austenitizing temperature T II , kept at temperature T II for a time t II , then cooled by being immersed in a coolant bath, the track part being repeated several times both with its head area as well as completely immersed in the coolant bath, and then held at a tempering temperature T V of approximately 400 ° C T T V 600 600 ° C for a period t V of preferably 1 h t t V gegebenenfalls 3 h and then optionally at a temperature T VI ≤ T V , preferably T VI ≤ 300 ° C. In particular, the track part is subjected to the immersion steps with regard to the cyclical complete or partial immersion in the coolant bath:
  • a) immersing the track part alone with its head area over a time t 1 ,
  • b) complete immersion of the track part over a time t 2 ,
  • c) immersing the track part alone with its head area over a time t 3 and then removing the track part from the coolant bath or repeating the immersion steps b) and c) one or more times beforehand, with the immersion step a) possibly completely immersing the track part in the Coolant bath precedes.

    • Dabei können zur gezielt gerichteten Abkühlung des Gleisteils über seinen gesamten Querschnitt die Eintauchzeiten t1, t3,...tn-2, tn derart ausgewählt werden, daß t1 ≤ t3 und/oder t3 ≤ t5 und/oder tn-2 ≤ tn ist, wobei insbesondere t1 < tn ist. Hierdurch werden notwendige vorgegebene Gefüge reproduzierbar erreicht.The immersion times t 1 , t 3 , ... t n-2 , t n can be selected so that the track part is specifically cooled over its entire cross-section such that t 1 ≤ t 3 and / or t 3 ≤ t 5 and / or t n-2 ≤ t n , in particular t 1 <t n . In this way, necessary predetermined structures are reproducibly achieved.

    Insbesondere ist die erfindungsgemäße Wärme- bzw. Vergütebehandlung für ein Gleisteil aus Schienenstahl einer Güte wie S 1100V oder 900A oder 1100 nach UIC 860V anwendbar mit einer Richtanalyse von zum Beispiel
       0,53 - 0,62 % C, 0,15 - 0,25 % Si, 0,65 - 1,1 % Mn, 0,8 - 1,3 % Cr, 0,05 - 0,11 % Mo, 0,05 - 0,11 % V, ≤ 0,02 P, wahlweise bis 0,025 Al, wahlweise 0,5 % Nb, Resteisen sowie übliche erschmelzungsbedingte Verunreinigungen.
    oder
       0,73 - 0,79 % C, 0,86 - 0,99 % Mn, 0,21 - 0,32 % Si, 0,07 - 0,025 % P, 0,08 - 0,022 % S, 0,02 - 0,14 % Cr und 0,000 % Nb sowie Resteisen und übliche erschmelzungsbedingte Verunreinigungen.    In particular, the heat or heat treatment according to the invention can be used for a track part made of rail steel of a quality such as S 1100V or 900A or 1100 according to UIC 860V with a directional analysis of, for example
    0.53 - 0.62% C, 0.15 - 0.25% Si, 0.65 - 1.1% Mn, 0.8 - 1.3% Cr, 0.05 - 0.11% Mo, 0.05 - 0.11% V, ≤ 0.02 P, optionally up to 0.025 Al, optionally 0.5% Nb, residual iron as well as common contamination caused by melting.
    or
    0.73 - 0.79% C, 0.86 - 0.99% Mn, 0.21 - 0.32% Si, 0.07 - 0.025% P, 0.08 - 0.022% S, 0.02 - 0.14% Cr and 0.000% Nb as well as residual iron and common melting-related impurities.

    Weitere Einzelheiten, Vorteile und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich nicht nur aus den Ansprüchen, den diesen zu entnehmenden Merkmalen - für sich und/oder in Kombination -, sondern auch aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von den Zeichnungen zu entnehmenden bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispielen.Further details, advantages and features of the invention result not only from the Claims, the features to be extracted from these - individually and / or in combination -, but also from the following description of the drawings preferred embodiments.

    Es zeigen:

    Fig. 1
    ein Temperatur-Zeit-Diagramm einer Wärme- bzw. Vergütebehandlung einer Flügelschiene,
    Fig. 2
    einen zeitlichen Verlauf eines Abschreckprozesses der Flügelschiene bei der Wärme- bzw. Vergütebehandlung nach Fig. 1,
    Fig. 3
    ein Temperatur-Zeit-Diagramm einer Wärme- bzw. Vergütebehandlung eines geschweißten Herzstücks,
    Fig. 4
    einen Abschreckprozeß des geschweißten Herzstückes während der Wärme-bzw. Vergütebehandlung gemäß Fig. 3 und
    Fig. 5 - 7
    Prinzipdarstellungen einer teilweise bzw. vollständig in einem Kühlmittelbad eingetauchten Weichenzunge.
    Show it:
    Fig. 1
    a temperature-time diagram of a heat or heat treatment of a wing rail,
    Fig. 2
    1 shows a time course of a quenching process of the wing rail in the heat or heat treatment according to FIG. 1,
    Fig. 3
    a temperature-time diagram of a heat or heat treatment of a welded core,
    Fig. 4
    a quenching process of the welded core during the heat or. Treatment according to FIG. 3 and
    5 - 7
    Schematic diagrams of a switch tongue partially or completely immersed in a coolant bath.

    Um ein vorgegebenes wie feinperlitisches (Stahl der Güte 900A) oder martensitisches (Stahl der Güte S 1100V) Gefüge über die Gesamtlänge eines Gleisteils mit unterschiedlichen Querschnittsflächen durch Vergütung zu erreichen, wird das Gleisteil - vorzugsweise mehrere entsprechende Gleisteile gleichzeitig - vorzugsweise auf dem Kopf liegend über die gesamte Länge in einem zum Beispiel gasbeheizten Vergüteofen mit regelbarer Geschwindigkeit auf eine Austenitisierungstemperatur TII aufgeheizt und über eine vorgegebene Zeit auf dieser Temperatur gehalten. Die Temperatur TII kann im weiten Bereich der verwendeten Stahlmarke angepaßt werden. Temperaturen TII zwischen in etwa 850° C und 900°C sind möglich.In order to achieve a predetermined, such as fine pearlitic (steel of grade 900A) or martensitic (steel of grade S 1100V) structure over the entire length of a track part with different cross-sectional areas, the track part - preferably several corresponding track parts at the same time - is preferably lying on its head the entire length is heated, for example in a gas-heated tempering furnace, to an austenitizing temperature T II at a controllable rate and is kept at this temperature for a predetermined time. The temperature T II can be adjusted over a wide range of the steel brand used. Temperatures T II between approximately 850 ° C and 900 ° C are possible.

    Anschließend werden sämtliche Gleisteile dem Vergüteofen entnommen und es erfolgt ein gesteuertes Abtauchen der Gleisteile in einem dem Vergüteofen nachgestellten Abschreckbad, in dem sich ein mit Wasser mischbares synthetisches Kühlmedium befindet. Dabei werden die Gleisteile einem zyklischen Abkühlprozeß derart unterworfen, daß die Schienenteile abwechselnd bereichsweise bzw. vollständig in das Kühlmittelbad eingetaucht werden. Der Abkühlprozeß selbst ist durch Überwachung und Eingrenzung der Verfahrensparameter wie Konzentration und Temperatur des Abkühlmediums, Eintauchzyklus, Eintauchtiefe etc. bestimmt.Then all the track parts are removed from the tempering furnace and it takes place controlled immersion of the track parts in a quenching bath downstream of the tempering furnace, in which there is a water-miscible synthetic cooling medium. In doing so the track parts are subjected to a cyclical cooling process in such a way that the rail parts alternately partially or completely immersed in the coolant bath. The The cooling process itself is like monitoring and limiting the process parameters Concentration and temperature of the cooling medium, immersion cycle, immersion depth etc. certainly.

    Nachdem durch das kontrollierte Abkühlen eine Umwandlung in ein vorgegebenes Gefüge über die gesamte Gleisteillänge erfolgt ist, werden sämtliche Gleisteile aus dem Kühlmittelbad entnommen und die Gleisteile werden erneut in einen Ofen gelegt, um eine Anlaßbehandlung durchführen zu können. Hierdurch werden alle Gefügeanteile, die gegebenenfalls querschnittsbedingt durch unterschiedliche Abkühlverhältnisse auftreten können, dem vorgegebenen Gefüge angepaßt. Anschließend kann ein Richten der Gleisteile aus der Anlaßwärme in einem Temperaturbereich abhängig von der Stahlmarke erfolgen. Dieser Temperaturbereich kann zum Beispiel knapp unterhalb von 300° C liegen.After the controlled cooling, a transformation into a given structure over the entire length of the track, all track parts are removed from the coolant bath removed and the track parts are placed again in an oven for a tempering treatment to be able to perform. This will make everyone Structure components, which may be due to cross-section due to different cooling conditions can occur, adapted to the given structure. Then a judge the track parts from the tempering heat in a temperature range depending on the steel brand respectively. This temperature range can be just below 300 ° C, for example.

    Um das vorgegebene Gefüge zumindest im Fahrbereich, vorzugsweise über den gesamten Gleisteilquerschnitt zu erzielen, wird erfindungsgemäß ein geregelter Abschreckprozeß nachstehender Art durchgeführt, wodurch die Abkühlgeschwindigkeit des Gleisteils über seinen gesamten Querschnitt vergleichmäßigt wird. Um dies auch im Stegbereich der Gleisteile sicherzustellen, können in diesen paarweise Ausgleichslaschen angeordnet werden.Around the given structure at least in the driving range, preferably over the entire range Achieving cross-section of the track is a controlled quenching process according to the invention performed below, causing the cooling speed of the track part over its entire cross-section is evened out. To do this also in the dock area of the To ensure track parts can be arranged in these pairs of compensation tabs.

    In den Fig. 1 und 2 soll das erfindungsgemäße Vergüteverfahren anhand eines geschweißten Herzstücks verdeutlicht werden. Das Herzstück bestand dabei aus Schienenstahl der Güte 900A nach UIC-Bedingungen.1 and 2, the heat treatment method according to the invention is to be based on a welded one Centerpiece. The centerpiece was made of high quality rail steel 900A according to UIC conditions.

    Auch wenn gleichzeitig mehrere entsprechende geschweißte Herzstücke vergütet werden sollen, d.h. gleichzeitig aufgeheizt, abgeschreckt, angelassen und abgekühlt werden, wird nachstehend stets von einem Herzstück bzw. Gleisteil gesprochen.Even if several corresponding welded frogs are tempered at the same time should, i.e. are heated, quenched, tempered and cooled at the same time always spoken below of a centerpiece or track part.

    In dem Temperaturzeitdiagramm der Fig. 1 soll durch die ansteigende Flanke I das Aufheizen des Gleisteils auf Austenitisierungstemperatur verdeutlicht werden. Nach Erreichen der Austenitisierungstemperatur wird das Gleisteil über einen vorgegebenen Zeitraum auf Austenitisierungstemperatur TII gehalten, um sodann unmitelbar anschließend in einem Kühlmittelbad abgeschreckt zu werden, wodurch die gewünschte Umwandlung in das vorgegebene Gefüge erfolgt. Dieser Bereich ist in dem Diagramm nach Fig. 1 mit III gekennzeichnet. Anschließend erfolgt ein Anlassen (Flanke IV), um sodann das Gleisteil über einen Zeitraum TV, der zum Beispiel 1-2 Stunden betragen kann, zu halten. Sodann erfolgt ein Abkühlen an ruhender Luft (fallende Flanke VI), wobei ein gegebenenfalls erforderliches Richten des Gleisteils erfolgen kann. Dieses kann in einem Temperaturbereich durchgeführt werden, der knapp unterhalb 300° C liegt. In the temperature-time diagram of FIG. 1, the rising edge I is intended to illustrate the heating of the track part to the austenitizing temperature. After reaching the austenitizing temperature, the track part is held at austenitizing temperature T II for a predetermined period of time, in order then to be immediately quenched in a coolant bath, as a result of which the desired conversion into the predetermined structure takes place. This area is marked III in the diagram according to FIG. 1. This is followed by starting (flank IV) in order to then hold the track part over a period of time T V , which can be, for example, 1-2 hours. This is followed by cooling in still air (falling flank VI), which may require straightening of the track part. This can be carried out in a temperature range that is just below 300 ° C.

    Erfindungsgemäß wird das geschweißte Herzstück zyklisch teilweise bzw. vollständig in ein mit Wasser mischbares synthetisches Medium enthaltendes Kühlmittelbad (10) gezielt derart getaucht, daß eine gewünschte vergleichmäßigte Abkühlung mit dem Querschnitt des Herzstückes erfolgt.According to the invention, the welded heart is cyclically partially or completely into one coolant bath (10) containing water-miscible synthetic medium in a targeted manner submerged that a desired even cooling with the cross section of the centerpiece he follows.

    Um die Zeitabfolge zu verdeutlichen, werden in Fig. 2 die Tauchzyklen durch eine durchgezogene Linie (120) symbolisiert, die in bezug auf die Herzstückquerschnittsdarstellungen (12), (14), (16), (18) derart verläuft, daß das Herzstück entweder nur in seinem Kopfbereich oder vollständig in dem Kühlmittelbad (10) eingetaucht ist. Die Querschnitte (12), (14), (16) und (18) sollen des weiteren verdeutlichen, daß das Herzstück stets über seine gesamte Länge ganz oder teilweise (Kopfbereich) in dem Kühlmittelbad (10) eingetaucht wird.In order to clarify the time sequence, the diving cycles are shown by a solid line in FIG Line (120) symbolizes that with respect to the frog cross-sectional representations (12), (14), (16), (18) runs in such a way that the centerpiece either only in its head area or is completely immersed in the coolant bath (10). The cross sections (12), (14), (16) and (18) should further clarify that the centerpiece is always along its entire length completely or partially (head area) is immersed in the coolant bath (10).

    Bei dem durch die Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel wird das Gleisteil zunächst über einen Zeitraum t1 nur mit seinem Kopfbereich eingetaucht. Über eine sich anschließende, jedoch kürzere Zeitspanne t2 erfolgt ein vollständiges Eintauchen des Gleisteils. Sodann erfolgt ein teilweises Anheben des Gleisteils aus dem Kühlmittel über einen Zeitraum t3 mit t3 ≥ t1, um erneut nur den Kopfbereich im Kühlmittelbad (10) zu kühlen. Es schließt sich ein Zeitraum t4 an, in dem das Gleisteil vollständig eingetaucht ist, dem ein Eintauchen allein des Kopfbereichs über eine Zeitdauer t5 ≥ t3 folgt. Über eine Zeit t6 mit vorzugsweise t2 = t6 > t4 wird das gesamte Gleisteil in das Kühlmittel eingetaucht, um sodann über eine Zeitdauer t7 nur mit seinem Kopfbereich im Kühlmittel zu verbleiben. Nach Ablauf der Zeitspanne t7 wird das Gleisteil vollständig aus dem Kühlmittelbad (10) entnommen, um auf eine Temperatur Tv zum Anlassen zu erwärmen und über einen Zeitraum tv auf dieser Anlaßtemperatur Tv gehalten zu werden. Dabei kann Tv zwischen 400 und 550° C liegen. Der Zeitraum tv kann 1 - 2 Stunden betragen. Dadurch entsteht das vorgegebene Gefüge und ein Spannungsausgleich über dem Querschnitt.In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the track part is first immersed only with its head region over a period t 1 . Over a subsequent, but shorter period of time t 2, the track part is completely immersed. Then the track part is partially lifted out of the coolant over a period t 3 with t 3 ≥ t 1 in order to again cool only the head region in the coolant bath (10). This is followed by a period of time t 4 , in which the track part is completely immersed, followed by an immersion of the head area alone over a period of time t 5 ≥ t 3 . The entire track part is immersed in the coolant over a time t 6 with preferably t 2 = t 6 > t 4 , in order then to remain in the coolant only with its head region over a time period t 7 . After the time interval t 7 is removed from the track member completely out of the coolant bath (10), to heat to a temperature T v and for starting to be held at this tempering temperature T v v over a period t. T v can be between 400 and 550 ° C. The period t v can be 1-2 hours. This creates the specified structure and a tension compensation across the cross section.

    Anhand der Fig. 3 und 4 soll eine Vergütebehandlung einer Flügelschiene (22) aus einem Werkstoff S 1100V rein prinzipiell verdeutlicht werden, wobei bezüglich des Aufheizens auf Austenitisierungstemperatur, Halten auf Austenitisierungstemperatur, Anlassen und Abkühlen vom Prinzip her ein - wenn zeitlich und temperaturmäßig auch abweichender - Prozeß erfolgt, der dem entspricht, der anhand der Fig. 1 und 2 verdeutlicht wurde. 3 and 4, a heat treatment of a wing rail (22) from a Material S 1100V can be clarified in principle, with regard to heating up Austenitizing temperature, holding to austenitizing temperature, tempering and cooling in principle a process - even if it differs in time and temperature - takes place, which corresponds to that which has been illustrated with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

    Auf das Gleisteil, d.h. im vorliegenden Fall der Flügelschiene (22) angepaßt, erfolgt jedoch eine abweichende zeitliche Abfolge des Abschreckens (Flanke III in Fig. 3), wie die Fig. 4 verdeutlicht.On the track part, i.e. adapted in the present case to the wing rail (22), but takes place a different chronological sequence of the quenching (edge III in FIG. 3), as in FIG. 4 clarifies.

    So wird zunächst die Flügelschiene (22) zunächst über eine Zeitdauer t0 vollständig in das Kühlmittelbad (10) eingetaucht, um sodann über eine der Zeitdauer t0 entsprechende Zeit t1 allein den Kopf im Kühlmittelbad (10) zu belassen. Es schließt sich dann über gleiche Zeitfolgen t2 t3 und t4 das vollständige bzw. partielle Eintauchen der Flügelschiene (22) an, um sodann über einen im Vergleich zu den Zeiträumen t0 bzw. t1 bzw. t2 bzw. t3 bzw. t4 erheblich längeren Zeitraum t5 allein den Kopf der Flügelschiene (22) im Kühlmittelbad (10) zu belassen. Sodann erfolgt eine Entnahme aus dem Kühlmittelbad (10), um - entsprechend dem Verfahrensablauf nach Fig. 1 - die Flügelschiene (22) anzulassen. Anschließend erfolgt ein Abkühlen an ruhender Luft (Flanke VI), wobei ein Richten der Flügelschiene (22) erfolgen kann. Dieser Temperaturbereich kann knapp unterhalb von 300° C liegen.Thus, the wing rail (22) is first initially over a time period t 0 completely into the coolant bath (10) immersed in order to then via one of the time duration t 0 corresponding time t 1 alone head in the coolant bath (10) to leave. This is followed by the complete or partial immersion of the wing rail (22) over the same time sequences t 2 t 3 and t 4 , and then over a period of time compared to the periods t 0 or t 1 or t 2 or t 3 and t 4 t 5 considerably longer period of time to leave the head of the wing rail (22) in the coolant bath (10) alone. The coolant bath (10) is then removed in order to leave the wing rail (22) on - in accordance with the procedure shown in FIG. 1. This is followed by cooling in still air (flank VI), whereby the wing rail (22) can be straightened. This temperature range can be just below 300 ° C.

    Ist anhand der Fig. 1 - 4 verdeutlicht worden, daß die Gleisteile entweder nur in ihrem Kopfbereich oder vollständig in dem Kühlmittelbad (10) in bestimmter Zeitabfolge eingetaucht werden, so besteht - wie die Fig. 5 - 7 zeigen sollen - auch die Möglichkeit, ein Gleisteil wie zum Beispiel eine Weichenzunge (24) geneigt zur Oberfläche (26) des Kühlmittelbades (10) einzutauchen, um zusätzlich erheblich abweichenden Querschnittsflächen entlang der Weichenzunge (24) Rechnung zu tragen. So wird zum Beispiel nach Fig. 5 die Weichenzunge (24) im Bereich ihres Endes (28) stärker eingetaucht als im Bereich ihres Anfangs (30). Nach dem vollständigen Eintauchen (Fig. 6) erfolgt sodann ein erneutes Herausziehen der Weichenzunge (24) aus dem Kühlmittelbad (10), wobei der Anfang (30) der Weichenzunge (24) vollständig, deren Ende (28) jedoch noch innerhalb des Kühlmittelbades (10) verläuft. Ungeachtet dessen erfolgt jedoch eine Eintauchabfolge, die vom Prinzip her der der Fig. 2 und 4 entspricht.Has been clarified with reference to FIGS. 1-4 that the track parts either only in their Head area or completely immersed in the coolant bath (10) in a certain time sequence 5 - 7 - there is also the possibility of a Track part such as a switch tongue (24) inclined to the surface (26) of the coolant bath (10) to immerse in addition to significantly different cross-sectional areas along the switch tongue (24). For example, according to FIG Switch tongue (24) more immersed in the area of its end (28) than in the area of its Initially (30). After complete immersion (Fig. 6) there is then another Pulling the switch tongue (24) out of the coolant bath (10), the beginning (30) the switch tongue (24) completely, but the end (28) still within the coolant bath (10) runs. Regardless of this, however, there is an immersion sequence based on the principle ago corresponds to that of FIGS. 2 and 4.

    Claims (9)

    1. Process for hardening a track part, in particular a point mechanism part such as flexible tongue or cross frog, over the entire cross-section, the track part preferably having changing cross-sectional shapes along it length, characterised by the process steps:
      heating the track part to and holding it at austenitising temperature,
      dipping the top region only of the track part in a coolant bath containing synthetic medium which can be mixed with water over a time t1,
      subsequent complete dipping of the track part over a time t2,
      subsequent repeated dipping of the top region only of the track part over a time t3,
      subsequent removal of the track part from the coolant bath,
      subsequent annealing of the track part and
      finally, cooling of the track part.
    2. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that complete dipping of the track part and dipping of the top region only of the track part is repeated several times in succession.
    3. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the track part is aligned after the annealing treatment, preferably at a temperature TVI such as 250 ≤ TVI ≤ 300°C.
    4. Process according to claim 2, characterised in that with multiple dipping at intervals of the top region only of the track, the dipping of the top region is shorter at the start of the cooling process than at the end of the cooling process.
    5. Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that only dipping of the top region of the track part takes place calculated from the start of the cooling process over intervals t1, t3, t5, t7, tn-2, tn, wherein t1 ≤ t3 and/or t3 ≤ t5 and/or tn-2 ≤ tn, but in particular t1 < tn.
    6. Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the track part is partially or completely dipped into the coolant bath, at an inclination to the coolant bath surface as viewed in the longitudinal direction.
    7. Process according to claim 1, intended for a point mechanism part made of rail steel of 900 A or S 1100 V or 1100 grade to UIC requirements.
    8. Process according to claim 7, characterised in that the track part is aligned at a temperature TVI before complete cooling.
    9. Process according to claim 8, characterised in that the point mechanism part is held at austenitising temperature TII over a time tII where 10 min ≤ tII ≤ 30 min and/or at an annealing temperature TV of approximately 400° ≤ TV ≤ 600°C over a period tV of approximately 1 h ≤ tV ≤ 3 h and is preferably aligned at a temperature TVI of approximately 300°C.
    EP96109815A 1995-06-28 1996-06-19 Method for heat treating railway track elements Expired - Lifetime EP0757110B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DE19523542 1995-06-28
    DE19523542A DE19523542A1 (en) 1995-06-28 1995-06-28 Process for heat or heat treatment of a track part

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0757110A1 EP0757110A1 (en) 1997-02-05
    EP0757110B1 true EP0757110B1 (en) 2001-10-04

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    AT (1) ATE206475T1 (en)
    DE (2) DE19523542A1 (en)
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    DE102011014877A1 (en) 2011-03-23 2012-09-27 Db Netz Ag Method of re-forging a track part and track parts re-covered according to this method

    Family Cites Families (9)

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    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    DE262970C (en) *
    DE396946C (en) * 1921-12-01 1924-06-16 Cie Des Forges De Chatillon Co Method and device for hardening objects
    DE582957C (en) * 1926-10-22 1933-08-25 Maximilianshuette Eisenwerk Procedure for remuneration of railway tracks
    DE629758C (en) * 1934-03-15 1936-05-13 Laminoirs Hauts Fourneaux Forg Process for partially hardening and simultaneously straightening rails
    US2095946A (en) * 1934-03-31 1937-10-12 Chiers Hauts Fourneaux Apparatus for tempering rails
    IT394988A (en) * 1941-11-22
    DE826304C (en) * 1948-10-02 1951-12-27 Dortmunder Union Brueckenbau A Hardening of the elevation of railroad tracks
    DE1508415B1 (en) * 1966-05-05 1970-11-26 Krupp Ag Huettenwerke Process for the heat treatment of rails, in particular railroad rails made of steel
    BE854834A (en) * 1977-05-18 1977-09-16 Centre Rech Metallurgique PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING RAILS WITH IMPROVED CHARACTERISTICS

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    DE59607812D1 (en) 2001-11-08
    DE19523542A1 (en) 1997-01-02
    EP0757110A1 (en) 1997-02-05
    ES2165453T3 (en) 2002-03-16
    ATE206475T1 (en) 2001-10-15

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