EP0755172A2 - Metallic elements, especially an electric heater, for a water conducting metallic part of a water heated heating apparatus - Google Patents
Metallic elements, especially an electric heater, for a water conducting metallic part of a water heated heating apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0755172A2 EP0755172A2 EP96890120A EP96890120A EP0755172A2 EP 0755172 A2 EP0755172 A2 EP 0755172A2 EP 96890120 A EP96890120 A EP 96890120A EP 96890120 A EP96890120 A EP 96890120A EP 0755172 A2 EP0755172 A2 EP 0755172A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- water
- metallic
- metal
- coating
- built
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006223 plastic coating Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000897 Babbitt (metal) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/78—Heating arrangements specially adapted for immersion heating
- H05B3/82—Fixedly-mounted immersion heaters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
Definitions
- the invention relates to a metallic built-in part, in particular an electric radiator, for a water-carrying metal component, in particular a steel tank, a water heating system, preferably a domestic hot water boiler, provided with a protective layer against corrosion, for example enamelling, the metallic built-in part having a higher potential for the electrochemical series than the metal component owns.
- Service water boilers made of steel are provided on the inside with a protective layer against corrosion, which must be free of physiologically questionable substances and resistant to acid.
- this protective layer consists of enamelling, but other materials, for example plastic, can also be used.
- the protective layer always has imperfections, for example pores, bubbles or the like, which do not adequately protect the steel.
- the water which is always provided with admixtures and therefore forms an electrolyte solution, now causes corrosion of the steel container in the area of these defects by means of an electrochemical reaction, namely anodic dissolution of the steel and cathodic electron absorption by means of the electrolyte.
- This consists in arranging a so-called sacrificial anode inside the steel container, which is conductively connected to the steel container and which either consists of a material that has a lower potential in the electrochemical series than the steel, for example a magnesium alloy, or that is generated by external current is fed accordingly.
- This sacrificial electrode forms the negative pole of a natural electrolytic cell in which a current flows to the steel container to be protected, thereby preventing its corrosion. The sacrificial electrode gradually wears off when the protective current is released and must then be replaced.
- a two-part installation body for example a flange, nipple or the like, one part being fastened to the metal installation part and the other part for installation in the metal container, in particular service water boiler, for example by means of a threaded flange.
- An electrically insulating intermediate piece for example a washer, a seal or a plastic turned part, is arranged between the two parts of this installation body, by means of which electrical insulation is brought about between the metal installation part and the metal container.
- a further possibility of providing such electrical insulation between the metal container and the metallic installation part is then to cast the metal installation part in the region of the fastening with the metal container into a plastic part which is provided, for example, with a fastening flange for fastening to the metal container.
- the object of the present invention is to avoid the disadvantages mentioned and to provide a metallic built-in part, in particular an electric radiator of the type described at the outset, which can be installed in a water-bearing metal part without additional measures, even if it has a cathodic corrosion protection, with a sacrificial anode.
- the invention proposes that the metallic built-in part is provided with an electrically insulating protective layer on its outside coming into contact with the water. This insulating protective layer largely prevents the flow of currents in the water forming an electrolytic solution and ensures that the Cathodic corrosion protection is not significantly disturbed by attaching the metallic installation part in the metal component.
- this metal built-in part Due to the completely electrically insulating protective layer covering the metal built-in part on the outside, this metal built-in part becomes potential-free and thus has no influence on the electrolytic currents in the water forming an electrolytic solution, which is located in the metal container, so that the cathodic corrosion protection continues to be effective .
- this coating of the metallic installation part can also be provided with imperfections.
- the metallic installation part can, for example, be provided on the outside with a coating, in particular with a dip coating, which forms the electrically insulating protective layer, but it can also be provided with a coating, for example a plastic coating, which e.g. is applied electrostatically.
- the metallic built-in part designed according to the invention is suitable not only for arrangement in metal containers, for example in service water boilers made of steel, but also in metal pipes through which water flows, in which the service water is heated in a continuous process. Other areas of application for hot water heating are also possible.
- This metallic built-in part consists of a housing 1, in which electrical control devices, in particular also a thermostat that can be set by means of a rotary knob 2, for regulating the hot water temperature, are provided.
- the power supply takes place via a connecting line 3.
- the housing 1 has a connection piece 4 with a screw thread, via which the electric heater can be screwed into a corresponding hole or sleeve in the steel wall of a domestic hot water boiler.
- the inside of the hot water boiler is provided with a protective layer against corrosion, for example enamelling, and inside the hot water boiler there is cathodic corrosion protection in the form of a sacrificial anode.
- Heater rods 5 and a metallic protective tube 7 for the temperature sensor of the electrical control devices project into the interior of the housing 1 Hot water boiler.
- the heating rods 5 consist of several metal tubes, which have the current-carrying heating coils in their interior.
- the outside 6 of the heating rods 5 and the protective tube 7 are provided with an electrically insulating coating which, for example, consists of a coating, in particular a dip coating, or a powder coating or the like. consists.
Landscapes
- Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen metallischen Einbauteil, insbesondere einen Elektroheizkörper, für einen mit einer Schutzschicht gegen Korrosion, beispielsweise einer Emaillierung, versehenen wasserführenden Metallbauteil, insbesondere Stahlbehälter, einer Wassererwärmungsanlage, vorzugsweise eines Brauchwasserboilers, wobei der metallische Einbauteil ein höheres Potential der elektrochemischen Spannungsreihe als der Metallbauteil besitzt.The invention relates to a metallic built-in part, in particular an electric radiator, for a water-carrying metal component, in particular a steel tank, a water heating system, preferably a domestic hot water boiler, provided with a protective layer against corrosion, for example enamelling, the metallic built-in part having a higher potential for the electrochemical series than the metal component owns.
Brauchwasserboiler aus Stahl werden innen mit einer Schutzschicht gegen Korrosion versehen, die frei von physiologisch bedenklichen Substanzen und beständig gegen Säure sein muß. In der Regel besteht diese Schutzschicht aus einer Emaillierung, es können aber auch andere Materialien, beispielsweise Kunststoff, verwendet werden.Service water boilers made of steel are provided on the inside with a protective layer against corrosion, which must be free of physiologically questionable substances and resistant to acid. As a rule, this protective layer consists of enamelling, but other materials, for example plastic, can also be used.
Unabhängig vom verwendeten Material weist die Schutzschicht stets Fehlstellen auf, beispielsweise Poren, Blasen od.dgl., die den Stahl nicht hinreichend schützen. Das stets mit Beimengungen versehene und daher eine Elektrolytlösung bildende Wasser verursacht nun im Bereich dieser Fehlstellen eine Korrosion des Stahlbehälters durch eine elektrochemische Reaktion, und zwar eine anodische Auflösung des Stahls und eine kathodische Elektronenaufnahme unter Vermittlung des Elektrolyten. Dadurch entstehen im Bereich der erwähnten Fehlstellen zunächst kraterförmige Vertiefungen, die bis zur Durchlöcherung der Wand des Stahlbehälters führen und diesen dadurch unbrauchbar machen. Um dies zu vermeiden, ist es bereits bekannt, einen kathodischen Korrosionsschutz vorzusehen. Dieser besteht darin, innerhalb des Stahlbehälters eine sogenannte Opferanode anzuordnen, die mit dem Stahlbehälter leitend verbunden ist und die entweder aus einem Material besteht, das ein geringeres Potential in der elektrochemischen Spannungsreihe gegenüber dem Stahl aufweist, also beispielsweise aus einer Magnesiumlegierung, oder die durch Fremdstrom entsprechend gespeist wird. Diese Opferelektrode bildet den Minuspol einer natürlichen elektrolytischen Zelle, in der ein Strom zu dem zu schützenden Stahlbehälter fließt und dadurch dessen Korrosion verhindert. Die Opferelektrode verzehrt sich unter Abgabe des Schutzstromes allmählich und muß dann ersetzt werden.Regardless of the material used, the protective layer always has imperfections, for example pores, bubbles or the like, which do not adequately protect the steel. The water, which is always provided with admixtures and therefore forms an electrolyte solution, now causes corrosion of the steel container in the area of these defects by means of an electrochemical reaction, namely anodic dissolution of the steel and cathodic electron absorption by means of the electrolyte. This initially creates crater-shaped depressions in the area of the aforementioned defects, which lead to the perforation of the wall of the steel container and thereby render it unusable. In order to avoid this, it is already known to provide cathodic corrosion protection. This consists in arranging a so-called sacrificial anode inside the steel container, which is conductively connected to the steel container and which either consists of a material that has a lower potential in the electrochemical series than the steel, for example a magnesium alloy, or that is generated by external current is fed accordingly. This sacrificial electrode forms the negative pole of a natural electrolytic cell in which a current flows to the steel container to be protected, thereby preventing its corrosion. The sacrificial electrode gradually wears off when the protective current is released and must then be replaced.
Brauchwasserboiler und damit das in diesen befindliche Brauchwasser werden häufig durch Elektroheizkörper erwärmt. Diese Elektroheizkörper weisen einen metallischen, in das Innere des Brauchwasserboilers ragenden Einbauteil auf. Werden nun solche metallischen Einbauteile mit dem Stahlbehälter elektrisch leitend verbunden, so wird dadurch ein vorhandener kathodischer Korrosionsschutz unwirksam, da diese metallischen Einbauteile in der Regel ein höheres Potential der elektrochemischen Spannungsreihe als der Stahlmantel des Brauchwasserboilers aufweisen, weil diese beispielsweise aus Edelstahl gefertigt sind. Es muß daher ein solcher metallischer Einbauteil, insbesondere in Brauchwasserboilem mit kathodischem Korrosionsschutz, gegen eine metalleitende Verbindung zur Wand des Stahlbehälters und zu einem mit dieser Wand verbundenen Schutzleiter, der von den Elektroversorgungsunternehmen zwingend vorgeschrieben ist, isoliert eingebaut werden. Zu diesem Zweck hat man bereits vorgeschlagen, den Einbau über einen zweigeteilten Einbaukorpus, beispielsweise einen Flansch, Nippel od.dgl., vorzunehmen, wobei der eine Teil am metallischen Einbauteil befestigt ist und der andere Teil zum Einbau in den Metallbehälter, insbesondere Brauchwasserboiler, beispielsweise mittels eines Gewindeflansches, vorgesehen ist. Zwischen den beiden Teilen dieses Einbaukorpus ist ein elektrisch isolierendes Zwischenstück, beispielsweise eine Scheibe, eine Dichtung oder ein Kunststoffdrehteil, angeordnet, durch welches eine elektrische Isolierung zwischen dem metallischen Einbauteil und dem Metallbehälter bewirkt wird.Service water boilers and thus the service water in them are often heated by electric heaters. These electric radiators have a metallic built-in part that projects into the interior of the domestic water boiler. If such metallic built-in parts are connected to the steel container in an electrically conductive manner, any existing cathodic corrosion protection becomes ineffective, since these metallic built-in parts generally have a higher potential for the electrochemical voltage series than the steel jacket of the domestic hot water boiler, for example because they are made of Stainless steel. It is therefore necessary to install such a metallic built-in component, insulated in service water boilers with cathodic corrosion protection, against a metal-conducting connection to the wall of the steel container and to a protective conductor connected to this wall, which is a mandatory requirement of the electrical supply companies. For this purpose, it has already been proposed to carry out the installation via a two-part installation body, for example a flange, nipple or the like, one part being fastened to the metal installation part and the other part for installation in the metal container, in particular service water boiler, for example by means of a threaded flange. An electrically insulating intermediate piece, for example a washer, a seal or a plastic turned part, is arranged between the two parts of this installation body, by means of which electrical insulation is brought about between the metal installation part and the metal container.
Eine weitere Möglichkeit, eine solche elektrische Isolierung zwischen dem Metallbehälter und dem metallischen Einbauteil vorzusehen, besteht dann, den metallischen Einbauteil im Bereich der Befestigung mit dem Metallbehälter in einen Kunststoffteil einzugießen, der beispielsweise mit einem Befestigungsflansch für die Befestigung am Metallbehälter versehen ist.A further possibility of providing such electrical insulation between the metal container and the metallic installation part is then to cast the metal installation part in the region of the fastening with the metal container into a plastic part which is provided, for example, with a fastening flange for fastening to the metal container.
Das Problem besteht nun darin, daß auch der metallische Einbauteil, insbesondere ein Elektroheizkörper, mit dem Schutzleiter verbunden werden muß, so daß auch bei elektrischer Isolierung zwischen dem Metallbehälter und dem metallischen Einbauteil über den Schutzleiter bzw. über den Potentialausgleich der elektrischen Hausinstallation eine elektrisch leitende Verbindung erfolgt.The problem now is that the metallic installation part, in particular an electric radiator, must be connected to the protective conductor, so that even with electrical insulation between the metal container and the metallic installation part via the protective conductor or the equipotential bonding of the electrical house installation, an electrically conductive one Connection is established.
Um dieses Problem zu beseitigen, hat man bereits vorgeschlagen, den elektrisch isoliert eingebauten metallischen Einbauteil, also beispielsweise den Metallmantel eines Elektroheizkörpers, über einen definierten Abgleichswiderstand von beispielsweise 600 Ohm wieder mit dem Stahlbehälter zu verbinden.In order to eliminate this problem, it has already been proposed to reconnect the metal built-in component, which is installed in an electrically insulated manner, that is to say, for example, the metal jacket of an electric heating element, to the steel container via a defined balancing resistance of, for example, 600 ohms.
Die angeführten bekannten Ausführungen weisen den Nachteil auf, daß sie einerseits zusätzliche Bauteile und/oder komplizierte mechanische Lösungen erfordern und andererseits nicht immer eine einwandfreie Schutzmaßnahme gewährleisten.The known designs mentioned have the disadvantage that on the one hand they require additional components and / or complicated mechanical solutions and on the other hand they do not always guarantee a flawless protective measure.
Die vorliegende Erfindung hat sich zur Aufgabe gestellt, die erwähnten Nachteile zu vermeiden und einen metallischen Einbauteil, insbesondere einen Elektroheizkörper, der eingangs beschriebenen Art zu schaffen, der in einen wasserführenden Metallbauteil ohne zusätzliche Maßnahmen eingebaut werden kann, auch wenn dieser mit einem kathodischen Korrosionsschutz, also mit einer Opferanode, versehen ist. Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe schlägt die Erfindung vor, daß der metallische Einbauteil an seiner mit dem Wasser in Berührung kommenden Außenseite mit einer elektrisch isolierenden Schutzschicht versehen ist. Diese isolierende Schutzschicht verhindert weitgehend das Fließen von Strömen im eine Elektrolytlösung bildenden Wasser und stellt sicher, daß auch der kathodische Korrosionsschutz durch Anbringung des metallischen Einbauteiles im Metallbauteil nicht wesentlich gestört wird. Durch die den metallischen Einbauteil an seiner Außenseite zur Gänze bedeckende elektrisch isolierende Schutzschicht wird dieser metallische Einbauteil potentialfrei und hat somit keinen Einfluß auf die elektrolytischen Ströme in dem eine Elektrolytlösung bildenden Wasser, das sich im Metallbehälter befindet, so daß auch der kathodische Korrosionsschutz weiterhin wirksam ist. Natürlich kann auch diese Beschichtung des metallischen Einbauteiles mit Fehlstellen versehen sein. Dadurch, daß aber der metallische Einbauteil ein höheres Potential der elektrochemischen Spannungsreihe als der Metallbauteil besitzt, weil er beispielsweise aus Edelstahl besteht, und die Flächen dieser Fehlstellen sowohl einzeln als auch in Summe äußerst klein sind, wird verhindert, daß in dem eine Elektrolytlösung bildenden Wasser ein Strom fließt, der eine nennenswerte Korrosion des Metallbauteiles im Bereich seiner Fehlstellen bewirkt.The object of the present invention is to avoid the disadvantages mentioned and to provide a metallic built-in part, in particular an electric radiator of the type described at the outset, which can be installed in a water-bearing metal part without additional measures, even if it has a cathodic corrosion protection, with a sacrificial anode. To achieve this object, the invention proposes that the metallic built-in part is provided with an electrically insulating protective layer on its outside coming into contact with the water. This insulating protective layer largely prevents the flow of currents in the water forming an electrolytic solution and ensures that the Cathodic corrosion protection is not significantly disturbed by attaching the metallic installation part in the metal component. Due to the completely electrically insulating protective layer covering the metal built-in part on the outside, this metal built-in part becomes potential-free and thus has no influence on the electrolytic currents in the water forming an electrolytic solution, which is located in the metal container, so that the cathodic corrosion protection continues to be effective . Of course, this coating of the metallic installation part can also be provided with imperfections. However, the fact that the metallic built-in part has a higher potential of the electrochemical series than the metal component, because it is made of stainless steel, for example, and the areas of these imperfections are extremely small, both individually and in total, to prevent water from forming in the electrolyte solution a current flows which causes significant corrosion of the metal component in the area of its defects.
Der metallische Einbauteil kann beispielsweise an seiner Außenseite mit einer Lackierung, insbesondere mit einer Tauchlackierung versehen sein, die die elektrisch isolierende Schutzschicht bildet, er kann aber auch mit einer Beschichtung, beispielsweise einer Kunststoffbeschichtung versehen sein, die z.B. auf elektrostatischem Wege aufgebracht wird.The metallic installation part can, for example, be provided on the outside with a coating, in particular with a dip coating, which forms the electrically insulating protective layer, but it can also be provided with a coating, for example a plastic coating, which e.g. is applied electrostatically.
Auch andere Arten von Schutzschichten sind selbstverständlich möglich, beispielsweise ein elektrisch isolierender Überzug.Other types of protective layers are of course also possible, for example an electrically insulating coating.
Der erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete metallische Einbauteil eignet sich nicht nur für die Anordnung in Metallbehältem, also beispielsweise in aus Stahl bestehenden Brauchwasserboilem, sondern auch in wasserdurchflossenen Metallrohren, in welchen das Brauchwasser im Durchlaufverfahren erwärmt wird. Auch andere Einsatzgebiete für die Warmwassererwärmung sind möglich.The metallic built-in part designed according to the invention is suitable not only for arrangement in metal containers, for example in service water boilers made of steel, but also in metal pipes through which water flows, in which the service water is heated in a continuous process. Other areas of application for hot water heating are also possible.
In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen, aus einem Elektroheizkörper bestehender metallischen Einbauteiles in Seitenansicht dargestellt.In the drawing, an embodiment of a metallic built-in part according to the invention consisting of an electric heater is shown in side view.
Dieser metallische Einbauteil besteht aus einem Gehäuse 1, in dem elektrische Regelungseinrichtungen, insbesondere auch ein durch einen Drehknopf 2 einstellbarer Thermostat zur Regelung der Brauchwassertemperatur, vorgesehen sind. Über eine Anschlußleitung 3 erfolgt die Stromzuführung.This metallic built-in part consists of a housing 1, in which electrical control devices, in particular also a thermostat that can be set by means of a
Das Gehäuse 1 weist einen Anschlußstutzen 4 mit einem Schraubgewinde auf, über welchen der Elektroheizkörper in eine entsprechende Bohrung oder Muffe in die Stahlwand eines Brauchwasserboilers eingeschraubt werden kann. Die Wand des Brauchwasserboilers ist an ihrer Innenseite mit einer Schutzschicht gegen Korrosion, beispielsweise eine Emaillierung versehen und im Inneren des Brauchwasserboilers ist ein kathodischer Korrosionsschutz in Form einer Opferanode angeordnet.The housing 1 has a
Vom Gehäuse 1 ragen Heizstäbe 5 und ein metallisches Schutzrohr 7 für den Temperaturfühler der elektrischen Regelungseinrichtungen in das Innere des Brauchwasserboilers. Die Heizstäbe 5 bestehen aus mehreren Metallrohren, die in ihrem Inneren die stromdurchflossenen Heizspiralen aufweisen. Die Außenseite 6 der Heizstäbe 5 und des Schutzrohres 7 sind mit einer elektrisch isolierenden Beschichtung versehen, die beispielsweise aus einer Lackierung, insbesondere einer Tauchlackierung, oder aus einer Pulverbeschichtung od.dgl. besteht.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT1241/95 | 1995-07-20 | ||
| AT124195 | 1995-07-20 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0755172A2 true EP0755172A2 (en) | 1997-01-22 |
| EP0755172A3 EP0755172A3 (en) | 1997-08-27 |
Family
ID=3509662
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96890120A Withdrawn EP0755172A3 (en) | 1995-07-20 | 1996-07-10 | Metallic elements, especially an electric heater, for a water conducting metallic part of a water heated heating apparatus |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0755172A3 (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1905001A1 (en) * | 1969-02-01 | 1970-08-06 | Friedemann Poepel | Immersion heater |
| DE2605089A1 (en) * | 1976-02-10 | 1977-09-08 | Westfael Elekt Werke | WATER TANK WITH ELECTRIC HEATING ELEMENT AND CATHODIC CORROSION PROTECTION |
| DE3506606A1 (en) * | 1984-03-21 | 1986-08-28 | Erwin Dipl.-Ing. 6336 Solms Groß | Electrical heating element having an insulated bushing in hot-water reservoirs |
| US5013890A (en) * | 1989-07-24 | 1991-05-07 | Emerson Electric Co. | Immersion heater and method of manufacture |
| GB2244898A (en) * | 1990-06-05 | 1991-12-11 | David William Townsend | Scale inhibiting plastics coating of immersion heater or heat exchanger |
-
1996
- 1996-07-10 EP EP96890120A patent/EP0755172A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1905001A1 (en) * | 1969-02-01 | 1970-08-06 | Friedemann Poepel | Immersion heater |
| DE2605089A1 (en) * | 1976-02-10 | 1977-09-08 | Westfael Elekt Werke | WATER TANK WITH ELECTRIC HEATING ELEMENT AND CATHODIC CORROSION PROTECTION |
| DE3506606A1 (en) * | 1984-03-21 | 1986-08-28 | Erwin Dipl.-Ing. 6336 Solms Groß | Electrical heating element having an insulated bushing in hot-water reservoirs |
| US5013890A (en) * | 1989-07-24 | 1991-05-07 | Emerson Electric Co. | Immersion heater and method of manufacture |
| GB2244898A (en) * | 1990-06-05 | 1991-12-11 | David William Townsend | Scale inhibiting plastics coating of immersion heater or heat exchanger |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0755172A3 (en) | 1997-08-27 |
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