EP0748889A2 - Method for manufacturing a spacer knitwear and a spacer knitwear thus obtained - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing a spacer knitwear and a spacer knitwear thus obtained Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0748889A2
EP0748889A2 EP96109291A EP96109291A EP0748889A2 EP 0748889 A2 EP0748889 A2 EP 0748889A2 EP 96109291 A EP96109291 A EP 96109291A EP 96109291 A EP96109291 A EP 96109291A EP 0748889 A2 EP0748889 A2 EP 0748889A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sections
pile
basic
goods
fabric
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96109291A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0748889A3 (en
EP0748889B1 (en
Inventor
Frank Helbig
Frank Vettermann
Dietmar Reuchsel
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Cetex Chemnitzer Textilmaschinenentwicklung gGmbH
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Cetex Chemnitzer Textilmaschinenentwicklung gGmbH
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Publication of EP0748889A2 publication Critical patent/EP0748889A2/en
Publication of EP0748889A3 publication Critical patent/EP0748889A3/en
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Publication of EP0748889B1 publication Critical patent/EP0748889B1/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B21/20—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting articles of particular configuration
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/02—Cross-sectional features
    • D10B2403/022—Lofty fabric with variably spaced front and back plies, e.g. spacer fabrics
    • D10B2403/0221—Lofty fabric with variably spaced front and back plies, e.g. spacer fabrics with at least one corrugated ply

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a spacer knitted fabric on a warp knitting machine, in particular on a right / right double rustling machine.
  • spacer fabrics are understood to mean a textile fabric which consists of two flat, equidistant, patterned or unpatterned basic product surfaces, between which pile threads (P A ; P B ; P C ) extend in both basic products.
  • pile threads P A ; P B ; P C
  • Spacer fabrics of this type are already used in a variety of ways.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of producing spacer fabrics with different local spacing of the basic goods regardless of the configuration of the knitting machine used for the production.
  • claims 13 and 14 disclose inventive features of a product processed according to the method.
  • Part X.1 shows a schematic representation of the position of base goods and pile thread segments with respect to the two needle bars of the warp knitting machine used to carry out the method, the direction of view corresponding to the direction of extension of the goods
  • part X.2 shows a representation of processed goods from sub-figure X.1 after deformation to a contoured spacer goods.
  • the method according to the invention includes the production of a contoured, ie with zones with locally different, essential features Distance of the basic goods provided spacer knitted fabric on two equidistant, uncontoured needle bars, which are specially equipped with latch needles set in needle lead in a Raschel machine.
  • Laying rails are used in the conventional manner for laying warp and pile threads and possibly also partial weft threads.
  • 1.1 shows a relatively simple variant of a knitted spacer fabric that can be produced using the method according to the invention. It is divided into two different sections A and B.
  • a basic product G 1 On the upper needle bar in the drawing (which is identified in the following by the leading index 1), a basic product G 1 is worked, the sections G 1A and G 1B of which are connected to one another (closed basic product) and which consequently extend over the two without interruption Sections A and B extends.
  • separate basic goods sections G 2A and G 2B open basic goods
  • a first embodiment variant of the method according to the invention now provides that in section A the basic goods sections G 1A and G 2A face each other directly, while in section B the basic goods section G 2B is laterally offset from the basic goods section G 1B .
  • pile threads are laid between the basic goods sections with the aid of laying rails which oscillate back and forth between the needle bars and are integrated into the two basic goods.
  • the pile threads P A and P B extend approximately perpendicular to the basic goods sections.
  • the length I A of the pile thread segments P A thus corresponds to the distance a of the needle bars.
  • such a section is also referred to as a "short pole section".
  • section B on the other hand, the length I B of the pile thread segments P B exceeds the distance a of the needle bars by an amount which can easily be determined from the Pythagorean theorem.
  • Such a section also bears the designation "long-pole section" in the claims.
  • the method according to the invention provides for the fabric, which has been worked with equidistant basic fabric sections up to the phase described above, to be formed into a spacer knitted fabric in the actual sense, ie with a locally different spacing of the basic fabrics.
  • this takes place in that the congruence is established between the basic goods sections G 1B and G 2B and then the pile thread segments P B likewise extend approximately perpendicularly between the basic goods sections G 1B and G 2B .
  • the resulting knitted spacer fabric has an L-shaped cross section.
  • the knitted spacer fabric in the example according to FIGS. 2.1 and 2.2 is divided into three sections A, B, and C analogously to the example described above.
  • the basic goods sections G 1A , G 1B and G 1C are in turn connected to one another and form a closed basic product.
  • the basic goods sections G 2A , G 2B and G 2C form an open basic product.
  • the characteristic difference, for example according to FIGS. 1.1 and 1.2, is that the basic goods sections G 2A and G 2C are offset in different directions, but by the same amount, from the basic goods sections G 1A and G 1C .
  • the result of this is that different laying rails are used to lay the pile thread segments P A , P B and P C.
  • the reshaping of the In this example, the knitted fabric for the knitted spacer fabric leads to an isosceles U profile (FIG. 2.2).
  • This embodiment of the method is further varied in the example according to FIGS. 3.1 and 3.2, in that the basic goods section G 2A is offset by a different amount from the basic goods section G 1A than the basic goods section G 2C from the basic goods section G 1C .
  • the result after forming is a spacer knit with an unequal leg U-profile.
  • FIGS. 4.1 and 4.2 Another possible embodiment variant is shown in FIGS. 4.1 and 4.2.
  • the goods shown here also have three sections A, B and C.
  • the basic goods sections G 1B and G 1C or G 2A and G 2B are connected to one another and form a closed basic product, while between the basic goods sections G 1A and G 1B and G 2B and G 2C are not connected.
  • the lateral offset of the basic goods sections G 2A compared to G 2B and G 2C compared to G 1C was chosen differently, which in turn means that the pile threads P A , P B and P C are laid by three laying rails which can be displaced independently of one another.
  • the spacer fabric that is formed after the fabric has been formed has a Z-shaped profile with legs of unequal length.
  • FIGS. 5.1 to 6.2 A further possible variation of the method according to the invention is illustrated in FIGS. 5.1 to 6.2. While pile thread segments were always integrated into the basic fabric sections in the previous examples, the invention also provides that sections G 1A to G 2C covered with pile threads can also be connected in any manner to the later use of the spacer knitted fabric also non-pile basic fabric sections. 5.1 and 5.2, these are the pole-free basic goods sections GPF 1 , GPF 2 and GPF 3 . While the pole-free basic goods sections GPF 1 and GPF 2 are directly on the side connect to the basic goods section G 2A , the non-polar basic goods section on the opposite goods side is connected to the basic goods section G 1B .
  • the invention now provides that after the previously described shaping of the goods into a contoured spacer knitted fabric, the pile-free base fabric sections GPF 1 to GPF 3 are placed on the side flanks of base fabric sections covered with pile threads (FIG. 5.2).
  • the non-pile base material section GPF 1 covers the left side flank of the pile threads P A of section A
  • the non-pile base fabric section GPF 2 covers the left flank of the pile threads P B of section A which exceeds section A.
  • the non-pile basic goods section GPF 3 covers the entire free right flank of the pile threads P B of section B.
  • FIGS. 6.1 and 6.2 This example undergoes a further variation in FIGS. 6.1 and 6.2.
  • the goods shown here contain a pole-free basic goods section GPF 2 , which extends between the basic goods sections G 2A and G 2B , which would normally form an open basic product, and is also connected to these.
  • this means that the pile-free basic goods section GPF 2 in order to be able to cover the left free flank of the pile threads P B in section B smoothly, into the space between the pile threads P A and P B of the sections A and B must be inserted in the form of a loop (Fig.6.2).
  • the pole-free basic goods section GPF 1 is operated in the manner described above.
  • the invention also opens up the possibility of "indirect laying". This is characterized by the fact that the pile threads, after they have been integrated on a basic product side, are not led through their laying rails directly to the needles of the opposite needle bars that bind them, but are first laid with a certain lateral offset to the last binding point over thread holding elements that do not form a stitch, and only then via the needle that binds it into the opposite basic fabric.
  • Such holding elements can, for example, be free needles that are not involved in the manufacture of the basic goods, which, after being considered by a pile thread, initially take them over the needle tongue over the needle tongue during the subsequent shoot, forming a handle, but none in the subsequent cycle of action due to lack of consideration with another thread Can form a stitch and consequently throw off the pile thread loop formed again.
  • the non-stitch-forming thread holding elements are on the side of the last integration of the pile threads in the base fabric or on the opposite side of the base fabric. However, the latter possibility can be realized more advantageously.
  • 7.1 to 11.2 illustrate embodiments of the method according to the invention with "indirect laying".
  • 7.1 shows, in addition to the above explanations, a further essential feature of "indirect laying”: the corresponding basic goods sections G 1A and G 2A and G 1B are located in short pole sections (here section A) and in long pole sections (here section B) and G 2B opposite each other.
  • the pile threads P B after they were last integrated in the basic goods section G 2B , are placed over thread-holding elements on the side of the needle bar on which the basic goods G 1 are worked.
  • the pile thread guide first moves, following the working regime of a double-rake machine, back to the other needle bar with the basic goods G 2 , but does not consider it there and then returns to the needle bar with the basic goods G 1 to insert the pile threads P B there into the corresponding needles with the aim of integration into the basic goods section G 1B .
  • the pile threads P B are laid between the base fabric sections G 1B and G 2B with a "thread reserve", ie the length I B of the pile threads P B is greater than the distance a of the needle bars.
  • the size of the thread reserve depends directly on how large the lateral offset of the thread holding elements relative to the needles in the basic goods sections G 1B and G 2B is. In the subsequent cycle of action, the processes described take place in a mirror image between the two needle bars.
  • the forming of the knitted fabric into a contoured spacer fabric according to the invention takes place with indirect laying in that the distance between the basic fabric sections in the long pole section B is increased beyond the distance a until the thread reserve of the pile threads P B is used up and this is a stretched position take in.
  • FIGS. 8.1 and 8.2 show an application of indirect laying analogously to the example according to FIGS. 2.1 and 2.2.
  • the short-pole section B is followed on both sides by long-pole sections A and C, in which the lateral offset of the pile threads P A and P C takes place in opposite directions to one another in order to generate the thread reserve.
  • the spacer goods produced according to the invention in turn have an isosceles, U-shaped cross section.
  • a different length of the legs can also be produced by a different width offset of the pile threads P A and P B.
  • Figures 9.1 and 9.2 illustrate that indirect laying opens up possibilities beyond direct laying.
  • the Goods from two short-pole sections A and C which enclose a long-pole section B between them.
  • the pile threads P B are temporarily placed in the manner described above over thread holding elements, which in turn are located outside the section C.
  • the basic prerequisite for this is that the pile threads P B each extend between two rows of pile threads P C without looping around them, in order not to prevent the subsequent stretching of the pile threads P B when the goods are formed into the contoured spacer fabric with a T-shaped cross section.
  • this can be easily ensured by laying pile threads P C at most in every second row, at least in section C, while the pile threads P B are worked into the rows which are then left free.
  • FIG. 9.1. and 9.2 is not limited to the fact that the thread holding elements must be located outside the adjacent basic goods section.
  • Fig. 10.1 there is also the possibility of temporarily placing pile threads P B belonging to a long-pole section B over thread-holding elements which, for. T. or only within the adjacent short pole section C.
  • needles located in section C that are not involved in the formation of the basic goods in this section can be used for this purpose.
  • the finished spacer has a T-shaped cross-section (Fig. 10.2).
  • both basic goods G 1 and G 2 are designed as closed basic goods. This construction makes it possible to form the contoured spaced goods in such a way that both basic goods sections G 1A and G 2A or G 1C and G 2C from the through the basic goods sections G 1B and G 2B in the short-pole section B are lifted out until the pile threads P A and P B reach full extension. This creates a spacer with a double T-shaped profile.
  • FIGS. 12.1 and 12.2 A further, particularly advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 12.1 and 12.2. It makes it possible to create a mechanical connection between adjacent sections of different pile thread lengths, which leads to a particularly good cohesion also being produced in the finished, contoured spacer knitted fabric between these two adjacent sections.
  • pile thread PF is used for this. This is preferably placed only over the outermost needle of section B with the shorter length of pile threads P B and thus also preferably only integrated into the outer wale M facing section A with the longer pile threads P A.
  • a separate laying rail guiding the pile thread PF underlies the area A with the longer pile threads P A under at least one needle of this section A and remains in the area of this for so long Nadelgasse until at least one row of pile threads P A was laid and integrated into the corresponding basic goods sections G 1A and G 2A . Only then is the pile thread PF tied back into the wale M without excess length and thus wraps around a series of pile threads P A in section A. When the goods are subsequently contoured, the pile threads P A thus "caught” are pulled through the loop formed by the pile thread PF and held by the latter also close to the edge of section B. The introduction of such a pile thread is also possible between two adjacent long pole sections.
  • the invention is not limited by the examples described here.
  • profiles described T, U, Z, L, double T profile
  • other profile shapes are conceivable and can be produced.
  • the profiles described represent the main forms of application that can be derived from the commercially available profiles of steel girders.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)

Abstract

To produce a spacer knit-goods, with variable local levels between facing ground fabrics, the material is produced on a warp knitter and especially a double rib knit Raschel, using two equidistant non-contoured needle bars. The neighbouring fabric sections (A-C) are assembled with the pile yarn segment (PA,PB,PC) lengths either equal to or greater than the gap between the needle bars. In adjacent fabric sections (A-C) with pile segments (PA,PB,PC) of different lengths, the ground fabric sections (G1A,G1B,G1C;G2A,G2B,G2C) hang directly together on one side of the needle bar as a closed material, and they do not hang directly together on the other side of the needle bar as an open fabric. Also claimed is a spacer knitted material with at least one pile catch yarn worked at the transits between ground fabric sections (G1A,G1B,G1C;G2A,G2B,G2C) with different pile segment lengths, at the edge of the open ground fabric side. It is bonded into the ground fabric (G1,G2) of the sections (A-C) with the shorter pile yarn segments (PA,PB,PC) at a gap in each of at least one row of stitches. At least one pile yarn segment (PA,PB,PC) is between the bonding points, from at least one row of stitches of the sections (A-C) with the longer pile yarn segments (PA,PB,PC), looped round.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Abstandswirkware auf einer Kettenwirkmaschine, insbesondere auf einer Rechts/Rechts-Doppelraschelmaschine.The invention relates to a method for producing a spacer knitted fabric on a warp knitting machine, in particular on a right / right double rustling machine.

Die Herstellung von Abstandstextilien auf Kettenwirkmaschinen, insbesondere Raschelmaschinen, ist hinreichend bekannt. Im allgemeinen wird dabei unter Abstandsgewirke ein textiles Flächengewirke verstanden, welches aus zwei ebenen, äquidistanten, gemusterten oder ungemusterten Grundwarenflächen besteht, zwischen denen sich in beide Grundwaren Polfäden (PA; PB; PC) erstrecken. Derartige Abstandsgewirke finden bereits mannigfaltige Anwendung.The production of spacer textiles on warp knitting machines, in particular Raschel machines, is well known. In general, spacer fabrics are understood to mean a textile fabric which consists of two flat, equidistant, patterned or unpatterned basic product surfaces, between which pile threads (P A ; P B ; P C ) extend in both basic products. Spacer fabrics of this type are already used in a variety of ways.

Es ist weiterhin bekannt, Abstandsgewirke herzustellen, bei denen eine Grundware durchgehend gearbeitet ist, während die andere Grundware bandförmig und damit der durchgehenden Grundware nur in bestimmten Bereichen gegenüberliegend gearbeitet ist.It is also known to produce spacer fabrics in which one basic fabric is worked continuously, while the other basic fabric is band-shaped and thus the continuous basic fabric is only worked in certain areas opposite.

Schließlich ist es aus der DE-OS 31 40 826 bekannt, Abstandsgewirke herzustellen, bei denen die Deckflächen (Grundwaren) während des Prozesses mit unterschiedlichem lokalem Abstand zueinander durch ein Verbindungsfadensystem miteinander verbunden werden. Auf diese Weise entstehen z. B. Strukturen mit bandförmigen Abschnitten unterschiedlicher Stärke, so daß u.a. U- oder L-förmige Querschnitte realisiert können. Gefertigt werden könnten derartige Strukturen gemäß der DE-OS 31 40 826 auf einer Kettenwirkmaschine mit einer durchgehenden und einer der späteren Gewirkestruktur entsprechend konturierten Nadelbarre.Finally, it is known from DE-OS 31 40 826 to produce spacer fabrics in which the cover surfaces (basic goods) are connected to one another during the process with different local distances from one another by means of a connecting thread system. In this way, z. B. structures with band-shaped sections of different thickness, so that u.a. U or L-shaped cross sections can be realized. Structures of this type could be produced in accordance with DE-OS 31 40 826 on a warp knitting machine with a continuous needle bar and a needle bar contoured accordingly to the later knitted structure.

Eine derartige Maschinenanordnung ist mit erheblichem Aufwand verbunden. Dies zeigt sich bereits bei der Herstellung, die aufwendiger ist als die Herstellung einer Maschine mit zwei durchgehenden Nadelbarren. Zum anderen ist mit einer derart aufgebauten Maschine ein Abstandsgewirke nur in der durch die Kontur der segmentierten Nadelbarre bestimmten Struktur herstellbar. Eine beabsichtigte Änderung des Querschnittes des Abstandsgewirkes ist zwangsläufig mit einer aufwendigen und teuren Umrüstung der Maschine verbunden.Such a machine arrangement is associated with considerable effort. This is already evident in the manufacture, which is more complex than that Production of a machine with two continuous needle bars. On the other hand, a spacer fabric can only be produced with a machine constructed in this way in the structure determined by the contour of the segmented needle bar. An intended change in the cross-section of the spacer fabric is inevitably associated with a complex and expensive retrofitting of the machine.

Der Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, Abstandsgewirke mit unterschiedlichem lokalem Abstand der Grundwaren unabhängig von der Konfiguration der zur Herstellung dienenden Wirkmaschine zu erzeugen.The invention is therefore based on the object of producing spacer fabrics with different local spacing of the basic goods regardless of the configuration of the knitting machine used for the production.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit dem Verfahren entsprechend dem kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst. Die Ansprüche 2 bis 12 beinhalten vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen dieses Verfahrens.This object is achieved with the method according to the characterizing part of patent claim 1. Claims 2 to 12 contain advantageous embodiments of this method.

Darüber hinaus offenbaren die Ansprüche 13 und 14 erfinderische Merkmale einer nach dem Verfahren gearbeiteten Ware.In addition, claims 13 and 14 disclose inventive features of a product processed according to the method.

Nachfolgend soll die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert werden. Die zugehörigen Zeichnungen zeigen in den Fig. 1.1 - 12.2 verschiedene Varianten der Ausführbarkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. Dabei ist jeweils in der Teilfigur X.1 eine schematische Darstellung der Position von Grundwaren und Polfadensegmenten bezüglich der beiden Nadelbarren der zur Ausführung des Verfahrens genutzten Kettenwirkmaschine zu sehen, wobei die Blickrichtung der Erstreckungsrichtung der Ware entspricht, während die Teilfigur X.2 eine Darstellung der gearbeiteten Ware aus Teilfigur X.1 nach der Verformung zu einer konturierten Abstandsware enthält.The invention will be explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment. The associated drawings show different variants of the feasibility of the method according to the invention in FIGS. 1.1-12.2. Part X.1 shows a schematic representation of the position of base goods and pile thread segments with respect to the two needle bars of the warp knitting machine used to carry out the method, the direction of view corresponding to the direction of extension of the goods, while part X.2 shows a representation of processed goods from sub-figure X.1 after deformation to a contoured spacer goods.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren beinhaltet als wesentliches Merkmal die Herstellung einer konturierten, d. h. mit Zonen mit lokal unterschiedlichem Abstand der Grundwaren versehenen Abstandswirkware auf zwei äquidistanten, unkonturierten Nadelbarren, die speziell bei einer Raschelmaschine mit in Nadelbleien gefaßten Zungennadeln besetzt sind. Zur Legung von Kett- und Polfäden und ggf. auch Teilschußfäden dienen in herkömmlicher Weise Legeschienen. Diese bisher beschriebenen Elemente sind wegen der hinreichenden Bekanntheit und der Übersichtlichkeit der Darstellung in die Zeichnungen nicht einbezogen worden.The method according to the invention includes the production of a contoured, ie with zones with locally different, essential features Distance of the basic goods provided spacer knitted fabric on two equidistant, uncontoured needle bars, which are specially equipped with latch needles set in needle lead in a Raschel machine. Laying rails are used in the conventional manner for laying warp and pile threads and possibly also partial weft threads. These elements described so far have not been included in the drawings because of the sufficient familiarity and the clarity of the representation.

Fig. 1.1 zeigt eine verhältnismäßig einfache Variante einer mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren herstellbaren Abstandswirkware. Sie ist in zwei sich unterscheidende Abschnitte A und B untergliedert. Auf der in der Zeichnung oberen Nadelbarre (die im folgenden durch den führenden Index 1 gekennzeichnet ist) wird eine Grundware G1 gearbeitet, deren Abschnitte G1A und G1B mit einander verbunden sind (geschlossene Grundware) und die sich demzufolge ohne Unterbrechung über die beiden Abschnitte A und B erstreckt. Auf der in der Zeichnung unteren Nadelbarre (nachfolgend mit dem führenden Index 2 gekennzeichnet) werden jedoch in den beiden Abschnitten A und B getrennte Grundwarenabschnitte G2A und G2B hergestellt (offene Grundware).1.1 shows a relatively simple variant of a knitted spacer fabric that can be produced using the method according to the invention. It is divided into two different sections A and B. On the upper needle bar in the drawing (which is identified in the following by the leading index 1), a basic product G 1 is worked, the sections G 1A and G 1B of which are connected to one another (closed basic product) and which consequently extend over the two without interruption Sections A and B extends. However, in the two sections A and B, separate basic goods sections G 2A and G 2B (open basic goods) are produced on the lower needle bar in the drawing (hereinafter marked with the leading index 2).

Eine erste Ausführungsvariante des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sieht nun vor, daß im Abschnitt A sich die Grundwarenabschnitte G1A und G2A direkt gegenüberstehen, während im Abschnitt B der Grundwarenabschnitt G2B gegenüber dem Grundwarenabschnitt G1B seitlich versetzt ist. Zwischen den Grundwarenabschnitten werden in bekannter Weise mit Hilfe von zwischen den Nadelbarren hin- und herschwingenden Legeschienen Polfäden gelegt, die in die beiden Grundwaren eingebunden werden. Im Abschnitt A erstrecken sich, da die Grundwarenabschnitte G1A und G1B eben einander gegenüberliegen, die Polfäden PA und PB annähernd senkrecht zu den Grundwarenabschnitten. Die Länge IA der Polfadensegmente PA entspricht damit dem Abstand a der Nadelbarren. In den Patentansprüchen ist ein solcher Abschnitt auch mit "Kurzpolabschnitt" bezeichnet. Im Abschnitt B hingegen übersteigt die Länge IB der Polfadensegmente PB den Abstand a der Nadelbarren um ein Maß, welches sich unschwer aus dem Satz des Pythagoras ermitteln läßt. Es wird um so größer, je größer der seitliche Versatz der Grundwarenabschnitte G1B und G2B gegeneinander ist. Ein solcher Abschnitt trägt in den Patentansprüchen auch die Bezeichnung "Langpolabschnitt".A first embodiment variant of the method according to the invention now provides that in section A the basic goods sections G 1A and G 2A face each other directly, while in section B the basic goods section G 2B is laterally offset from the basic goods section G 1B . In a known manner, pile threads are laid between the basic goods sections with the aid of laying rails which oscillate back and forth between the needle bars and are integrated into the two basic goods. In section A, since the basic goods sections G 1A and G 1B are just opposite one another, the pile threads P A and P B extend approximately perpendicular to the basic goods sections. The length I A of the pile thread segments P A thus corresponds to the distance a of the needle bars. In In the claims, such a section is also referred to as a "short pole section". In section B, on the other hand, the length I B of the pile thread segments P B exceeds the distance a of the needle bars by an amount which can easily be determined from the Pythagorean theorem. The greater the lateral offset of the basic goods sections G 1B and G 2B , the greater it is. Such a section also bears the designation "long-pole section" in the claims.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren sieht in weiterer Ausgestaltung vor, die bis zur oben beschriebenen Phase mit äquidistanten Grundwarenabschnitten gearbeitete Ware zu einer Abstandswirkware im eigentlichen Sinne, d. h. mit lokal unterschiedlichem Abstand der Grundwaren umzuformen. Im vorliegenden Beispiel erfolgt dies dadurch, daß die Kongruenz zwischen den Grundwarenabschnitten G1B und G2B hergestellt wird und sich dann die Polfadensegmente PB ebenfalls annähernd senkrecht zwischen den Grundwarenabschnitten G1B und G2B erstrecken. Damit entsteht im Abschnitt B eine Profilhöhe, die diejenige im Abschnitt A um den Betrag IB -IA übersteigt. Die entstehende Abstandswirkware erhält einen L-förmigen Querschnitt.In a further embodiment, the method according to the invention provides for the fabric, which has been worked with equidistant basic fabric sections up to the phase described above, to be formed into a spacer knitted fabric in the actual sense, ie with a locally different spacing of the basic fabrics. In the present example, this takes place in that the congruence is established between the basic goods sections G 1B and G 2B and then the pile thread segments P B likewise extend approximately perpendicularly between the basic goods sections G 1B and G 2B . This creates a profile height in section B that exceeds that in section A by the amount I B -I A. The resulting knitted spacer fabric has an L-shaped cross section.

Das Abstandswirkware im Beispiel gemäß den Fig. 2.1 und 2.2 ist analog zum voranstehend beschriebenen Beispiel in drei Abschnitte A, B, und C unterteilt. Die Grundwarenabschnitte G1A, G1B und G1C sind wiederum mit einander verbunden und bilden eine geschlossene Grundware. Die Grundwarenabschnitte G2A, G2B und G2C hingegen bilden eine offene Grundware. Der kennzeichnende Unterschied zum Beispiel gemäß den Fig. 1.1 und 1.2 besteht nunmehr darin , daß die Grundwarenabschnitte G2A und G2C gegenüber den Grundwarenabschnitten G1A bzw. G1C in unterschiedlicher Richtung, jedoch um den gleichen Betrag versetzt sind. Dies hat zur Folge, daß zur Legung der Polfadensegmente PA,, PB und PC verschiedene Legeschienen herangezogen werden. Die Umformung der gewirkten Ware zur Abstandswirkware führt in diesem Beispiel zu einem gleichschenkligen U-Profil (Fig. 2.2).The knitted spacer fabric in the example according to FIGS. 2.1 and 2.2 is divided into three sections A, B, and C analogously to the example described above. The basic goods sections G 1A , G 1B and G 1C are in turn connected to one another and form a closed basic product. The basic goods sections G 2A , G 2B and G 2C, on the other hand, form an open basic product. The characteristic difference, for example according to FIGS. 1.1 and 1.2, is that the basic goods sections G 2A and G 2C are offset in different directions, but by the same amount, from the basic goods sections G 1A and G 1C . The result of this is that different laying rails are used to lay the pile thread segments P A , P B and P C. The reshaping of the In this example, the knitted fabric for the knitted spacer fabric leads to an isosceles U profile (FIG. 2.2).

Diese Ausführungsmöglichkeit des Verfahrens wird im Beispiel gemäß den Fig. 3.1 und 3.2 weiter variiert, indem der Grundwarenabschnitt G2A gegenüber dem Grundwarenabschnitt G1A um einen anderen Betrag versetzt ist als der Grundwarenabschnitt G2C gegenüber dem Grundwarenabschnitt G1C. Das Ergebnis nach der Umformung ist eine Abstandswirkware mit einem ungleichschenkligen U-Profil.This embodiment of the method is further varied in the example according to FIGS. 3.1 and 3.2, in that the basic goods section G 2A is offset by a different amount from the basic goods section G 1A than the basic goods section G 2C from the basic goods section G 1C . The result after forming is a spacer knit with an unequal leg U-profile.

Eine weitere mögliche Ausführungsvariante offenbaren die Fig. 4.1 und 4.2. Die hier gezeigte Ware besitzt ebenfalls drei Abschnitte A, B und C. Hier jedoch sind jeweils die Grundwarenabschnitte G1B und G1C bzw. G2A und G2B miteinander verbunden und bilden eine geschlossene Grundware, während zwischen den Grundwarenabschnitten G1A und G1B sowie G2B und G2C keine Verbindung besteht. Darüber hinaus wurde auch der seitliche Versatz der Grundwarenabschnitte G2A gegenüber G2B und G2C gegenüber G1C unterschiedlich gewählt, was wiederum bedingt, daß die Polfäden PA, PB und PC durch drei unabhängig voneinander versetzbare Legeschienen gelegt werden. Das nach Umformung der Ware entstehende Abstandsgewirke besitzt Z-förmiges Profil mit ungleich langen Schenkeln.Another possible embodiment variant is shown in FIGS. 4.1 and 4.2. The goods shown here also have three sections A, B and C. Here, however, the basic goods sections G 1B and G 1C or G 2A and G 2B are connected to one another and form a closed basic product, while between the basic goods sections G 1A and G 1B and G 2B and G 2C are not connected. In addition, the lateral offset of the basic goods sections G 2A compared to G 2B and G 2C compared to G 1C was chosen differently, which in turn means that the pile threads P A , P B and P C are laid by three laying rails which can be displaced independently of one another. The spacer fabric that is formed after the fabric has been formed has a Z-shaped profile with legs of unequal length.

Eine weitere Variationsmöglichkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens veranschaulichen die Fig. 5.1 bis 6.2. Während in den vorangegangenen Beispielen in die Grundwarenabschnitte stets Polfadensegmenten eingebunden waren, sieht die Erfindung auch vor, daß sich an mit Polfäden besetzte Abschnitte G1A bis G2C in beliebiger, auf den späteren Verwendungszweck der Abstandswirkware ausgerichteter Weise auch polfadenfreie Grundwarenabschnitte anschließen können. In den Fig. 5.1 und 5.2 sind dies die polfreien Grundwarenabschnitte GPF1, GPF2 und GPF3. Während sich die polfreien Grundwarenabschnitte GPF1 und GPF2 direkt seitlich an den Grundwarenabschnitt G2A anschließen, ist der polfreie Grundwarenabschnitt auf der gegenüberliegenden Warenseite mit dem Grundwarenabschnitt G1B verbunden. Die Erfindung sieht nun vor, daß nach der bereits beschriebenen Umformung der Ware zu einer konturierten Abstandswirkware die polfreien Grundwarenabschnitte GPF1 bis GPF3 an die Seitenflanken von mit Polfäden besetzten Grundwarenabschnitten angelegt werden (Fig. 5.2). So bedeckt in diesem Beispiel der polfreie Grundwarenabschnitt GPF1 die linke Seitenflanke der Polfäden PA des Abschnittes A, während der polfreie Grundwarenabschnitt GPF2 die den Abschnitt A übersteigende linke Flanke der Polfäden PB des Abschnittes B bedeckt. Der polfreie Grundwarenabschnitt GPF3 hingegen bedeckt die gesamte freie rechte Flanke der Polfäden PB des Abschnittes B.A further possible variation of the method according to the invention is illustrated in FIGS. 5.1 to 6.2. While pile thread segments were always integrated into the basic fabric sections in the previous examples, the invention also provides that sections G 1A to G 2C covered with pile threads can also be connected in any manner to the later use of the spacer knitted fabric also non-pile basic fabric sections. 5.1 and 5.2, these are the pole-free basic goods sections GPF 1 , GPF 2 and GPF 3 . While the pole-free basic goods sections GPF 1 and GPF 2 are directly on the side connect to the basic goods section G 2A , the non-polar basic goods section on the opposite goods side is connected to the basic goods section G 1B . The invention now provides that after the previously described shaping of the goods into a contoured spacer knitted fabric, the pile-free base fabric sections GPF 1 to GPF 3 are placed on the side flanks of base fabric sections covered with pile threads (FIG. 5.2). In this example, the non-pile base material section GPF 1 covers the left side flank of the pile threads P A of section A, while the non-pile base fabric section GPF 2 covers the left flank of the pile threads P B of section A which exceeds section A. The non-pile basic goods section GPF 3, however, covers the entire free right flank of the pile threads P B of section B.

Dieses Beispiel erfährt in den Fig. 6.1 und 6.2 eine weitere Variation. Die hier gezeigte Ware enthält einen polfreien Grundwarenabschnitt GPF2, welcher sich zwischen den Grundwarenabschnitten G2A und G2B, die normalerweise eine offene Grundware bilden würden, erstreckt und auch mit diesen verbunden ist. Bei der weiteren Verarbeitung der Ware im Sinne der Erfindung führt dies dazu, daß der polfreie Grundwarenabschnitt GPF2, um die linke freie Flanke der Polfäden PB im Abschnitt B glatt bedecken zu können, in den Zwischenraum der Polfäden PA und PB der Abschnitte A und B in Form einer Schlaufe eingelegt werden muß (Fig. 6.2). Mit dem polfreien Grundwarenabschnitt GPF1 wird in der vorhin beschriebenen Weise verfahren.This example undergoes a further variation in FIGS. 6.1 and 6.2. The goods shown here contain a pole-free basic goods section GPF 2 , which extends between the basic goods sections G 2A and G 2B , which would normally form an open basic product, and is also connected to these. In the further processing of the goods in the sense of the invention, this means that the pile-free basic goods section GPF 2 , in order to be able to cover the left free flank of the pile threads P B in section B smoothly, into the space between the pile threads P A and P B of the sections A and B must be inserted in the form of a loop (Fig.6.2). The pole-free basic goods section GPF 1 is operated in the manner described above.

Alle bisher beschriebenen Variationen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in den Langpolabschnitten die Polfäden direkt zwischen den sie einbindenden Nadeln der gegenüberliegenden Nadelbarren verlegt werden, weshalb diese Legung auch als "direkte Legung" bezeichnet werden soll.All previously described variations of the method according to the invention are characterized in that in the long pole sections the pile threads are laid directly between the needles of the opposite needle bars which incorporate them, which is why this laying is also to be referred to as "direct laying".

Demgegenüber eröffnet die Erfindung auch die Möglichkeit der "indirekten Legung". Diese zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß die Polfäden, nachdem sie auf einer Grundwarenseite eingebunden wurden, durch ihre Legeschienen nicht direkt zu den sie einbindenden Nadeln der gegenüberliegenden Nadelbarren geführt werden, sondern zunächst mit einem bestimmten seitlichen Versatz zur letzten Einbindestelle über Fadenhalteelemente gelegt werden, die keine Masche bilden, und erst danach über die sie in die gegenüberliegende Grundware einbindende Nadel. Solche Halteelemente können beispielsweise freie, nicht an der Grundwarenherstellung beteiligte Nadeln sein, die nach der Überlegung durch einen Polfaden diesen beim nachfolgenden Austrieb unter Bildung eines Henkels zunächst über die Nadelzunge hinweg auf die Nadelbrust übernehmen, jedoch im darauffolgenden Wirkzyklus mangels Überlegung mit einem weiteren Faden keine Masche bilden können und demzufolge den gebildeten Polfadenhenkel wieder abwerfen. Es ist in diesem Zusammenhang grundsätzlich unerheblich, ob sich die nicht maschenbildenden Fadenhalteelemente auf der Seite der letzten Einbindung der Polfäden in die Grundware oder auf der gegenüberliegenden Grundwarenseite befinden. Vorteilhafter verwirklichen läßt sich jedoch die letztgenannte Möglichkeit.In contrast, the invention also opens up the possibility of "indirect laying". This is characterized by the fact that the pile threads, after they have been integrated on a basic product side, are not led through their laying rails directly to the needles of the opposite needle bars that bind them, but are first laid with a certain lateral offset to the last binding point over thread holding elements that do not form a stitch, and only then via the needle that binds it into the opposite basic fabric. Such holding elements can, for example, be free needles that are not involved in the manufacture of the basic goods, which, after being considered by a pile thread, initially take them over the needle tongue over the needle tongue during the subsequent shoot, forming a handle, but none in the subsequent cycle of action due to lack of consideration with another thread Can form a stitch and consequently throw off the pile thread loop formed again. In this context, it is fundamentally irrelevant whether the non-stitch-forming thread holding elements are on the side of the last integration of the pile threads in the base fabric or on the opposite side of the base fabric. However, the latter possibility can be realized more advantageously.

Die Fig. 7.1 bis 11.2 veranschaulichen Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens mit "indirekter Legung". Fig. 7.1 zeigt über die obigen Ausführungen hinaus ein weiteres wesentliches Merkmal der "indirekten Legung": Sowohl in Kurzpolabschnitten (hier Abschnitt A) als auch in Langpolabschnitten (hier Abschnitt B) liegen die einander entsprechenden Grundwarenabschnitt G1A und G2A bzw. G1B und G2B einander gegenüber. Im Langpolabschnitt B werden die Polfäden PB, nachdem sie zuletzt in den Grundwarenabschnitt G2B eingebunden wurden, über Fadenhalteelemente auf der Seite der Nadelbarre gelegt, auf der die Grundware G1 gearbeitet wird. Danach bewegt sich die Polfadenlegeschiene zwar zunächst, dem Arbeitsregime einer Doppelraschelmaschine folgend, zur anderen Nadelbarre mit der Grundware G2 zurück, führt dort aber keine Überlegung aus und kehrt dann wieder zur Nadelbarre mit der Grundware G1 zurück, um die Polfäden PB dort in die entsprechenden Nadeln mit dem Ziel der Einbindung in den Grundwarenabschnitt G1B einzulegen. Die Polfäden PB werden auf diese Weise zwischen den Grundwarenabschnitten G1B und G2B mit einer "Fadenreserve" verlegt, d. h. die Länge IB der Polfäden PB ist größer als der Abstand a der Nadelbarren. Die Größe der Fadenreserve hängt hier in direkter Weise davon ab, wie groß der seitliche Versatz der Fadenhalteelemente gegenüber den Nadeln in den Grundwarenabschnitten G1B bzw. G2B ist. Beim nachfolgenden Wirkzyklus spielen sich die beschriebenen Vorgänge in spiegelbildlicher Weise zwischen den beiden Nadelbarren ab.7.1 to 11.2 illustrate embodiments of the method according to the invention with "indirect laying". 7.1 shows, in addition to the above explanations, a further essential feature of "indirect laying": the corresponding basic goods sections G 1A and G 2A and G 1B are located in short pole sections (here section A) and in long pole sections (here section B) and G 2B opposite each other. In the long-pole section B, the pile threads P B , after they were last integrated in the basic goods section G 2B , are placed over thread-holding elements on the side of the needle bar on which the basic goods G 1 are worked. After that, the pile thread guide first moves, following the working regime of a double-rake machine, back to the other needle bar with the basic goods G 2 , but does not consider it there and then returns to the needle bar with the basic goods G 1 to insert the pile threads P B there into the corresponding needles with the aim of integration into the basic goods section G 1B . In this way, the pile threads P B are laid between the base fabric sections G 1B and G 2B with a "thread reserve", ie the length I B of the pile threads P B is greater than the distance a of the needle bars. The size of the thread reserve depends directly on how large the lateral offset of the thread holding elements relative to the needles in the basic goods sections G 1B and G 2B is. In the subsequent cycle of action, the processes described take place in a mirror image between the two needle bars.

Die erfindungsgemäße Umformung der gewirkten Ware zu einer konturierten Abstandsware erfolgt bei indirekter Legung dadurch, daß die Distanz zwischen den Grundwarenabschnitten in dem Langpolabschnitt B über den Abstand a hinaus so weit vergrößert wird, bis die Fadenreserve der Polfäden PB aufgebraucht ist und diese eine gestreckte Lage einnehmen.The forming of the knitted fabric into a contoured spacer fabric according to the invention takes place with indirect laying in that the distance between the basic fabric sections in the long pole section B is increased beyond the distance a until the thread reserve of the pile threads P B is used up and this is a stretched position take in.

Die Fig. 8.1 und 8.2 zeigen eine Anwendung der indirekten Legung analog zum Beispiel nach den Fig. 2.1 und 2.2. An den Kurzpolabschnitt B schließen sich auf beiden Seiten Langpolabschnitte A und C an, in denen der seitliche Versatz der Polfäden PA und PC zur Erzeugung der Fadenreserve gegensinnig zueinander erfolgt. Die erfindungsgemäß erzeugte Abstandsware besitzt in diesem Falle wiederum einen gleichschenkligen, U-förmigen Querschnitt. Analog zum Beispiel in den Fig. 3.1 und 3.2 läßt sich durch einen unterschiedlich weiten Versatz der Polfäden PA und PB auch eine unterschiedliche Länge der Schenkel erzeugen.FIGS. 8.1 and 8.2 show an application of indirect laying analogously to the example according to FIGS. 2.1 and 2.2. The short-pole section B is followed on both sides by long-pole sections A and C, in which the lateral offset of the pile threads P A and P C takes place in opposite directions to one another in order to generate the thread reserve. In this case, the spacer goods produced according to the invention in turn have an isosceles, U-shaped cross section. Analogously to the example in FIGS. 3.1 and 3.2, a different length of the legs can also be produced by a different width offset of the pile threads P A and P B.

Daß die indirekte Legung über die direkte Legung hinausgehende Möglichkeiten eröffnet, verdeutlichen die Fig. 9.1 und 9.2. Hier besteht die Ware aus zwei Kurzpolabschnitten A und C, die einen Langpolabschnitt B zwischen sich einschließen. Die Polfäden PB werden bei diesem Beispiel in der oben beschriebenen Weise zeitweilig über Fadenhalteelemente gelegt, die sich wiederum außerhalb des Abschnittes C befinden. Grundbedingung hierfür ist jedoch, daß sich die Polfäden PB jeweils zwischen zwei Reihen Polfäden PC erstrecken, ohne diese zu umschlingen, um das nachfolgende Strecken der Polfäden PB beim Umformen der Ware zum konturierten Abstandsgewirke mit T-förmigem Querschnitt nicht zu verhindern. Dies ist jedoch einfach zu gewährleisten, indem zumindest im Abschnitt C höchstens in jeder 2. Reihe Polfäden PC gelegt werden, während in den dann freibleibenden Reihen die Polfäden PB eingearbeitet werden.Figures 9.1 and 9.2 illustrate that indirect laying opens up possibilities beyond direct laying. Here is the Goods from two short-pole sections A and C, which enclose a long-pole section B between them. In this example, the pile threads P B are temporarily placed in the manner described above over thread holding elements, which in turn are located outside the section C. The basic prerequisite for this, however, is that the pile threads P B each extend between two rows of pile threads P C without looping around them, in order not to prevent the subsequent stretching of the pile threads P B when the goods are formed into the contoured spacer fabric with a T-shaped cross section. However, this can be easily ensured by laying pile threads P C at most in every second row, at least in section C, while the pile threads P B are worked into the rows which are then left free.

Die Erfindung ist jedoch mit Blick auf die Fig. 9.1. und 9.2 nicht darauf beschränkt, daß sich die Fadenhalteelemente zwingend außerhalb des benachbarten Grundwarenabschnittes befinden müssen. Wie Fig. 10.1 zeigt, besteht auch die Möglichkeit, zu einem Langpolabschnitt B gehörige Polfäden PB zeitweilig über Fadenhalteelemente zu legen, die sich z. T. oder ausschließlich innerhalb des benachbarten Kurzpolabschnittes C befinden. Hierfür können bspw. im Abschnitt C befindliche, an der Bildung der Grundwaren in diesem Abschnitt nicht beteiligte Nadeln genutzt werden. Auch in diesem Beispiel besitzt die fertige Abstandsware T-förmigen Querschnitt (Fig. 10.2).However, the invention is with reference to FIG. 9.1. and 9.2 is not limited to the fact that the thread holding elements must be located outside the adjacent basic goods section. As shown in Fig. 10.1, there is also the possibility of temporarily placing pile threads P B belonging to a long-pole section B over thread-holding elements which, for. T. or only within the adjacent short pole section C. For example, needles located in section C that are not involved in the formation of the basic goods in this section can be used for this purpose. In this example too, the finished spacer has a T-shaped cross-section (Fig. 10.2).

Die Fig. 11.1 und 11.2 zeigen die Anwendung der indirekten Legung auf eine Abstandsware, bei der freie Flanken von Polfäden PA und PC durch polfadenfreie Grundwarenabschnitte GPF1 bis GPF4 abgedeckt werden. Weiterhin sind beide Grundwaren G1 und G2 als geschlossene Grundwaren ausgeführt. Diese Konstruktion ermöglicht es, die Umformung zur konturierten Abstandsware so durchzuführen, daß jeweils beide Grundwarenabschnitte G1A und G2A bzw. G1C und G2C aus der durch die Grundwarenabschnitte G1B und G2B im Kurzpolabschnitt B beschriebenen Ebenen herausgehoben werden, bis die Polfäden PA und PB zur vollen Streckung gelangen. Es entsteht so eine Abstandsware mit Doppel-T-förmigem Profil.11.1 and 11.2 show the application of indirect laying to a spacer fabric in which the free flanks of pile threads P A and P C are covered by pile thread-free basic fabric sections GPF 1 to GPF 4 . Furthermore, both basic goods G 1 and G 2 are designed as closed basic goods. This construction makes it possible to form the contoured spaced goods in such a way that both basic goods sections G 1A and G 2A or G 1C and G 2C from the through the basic goods sections G 1B and G 2B in the short-pole section B are lifted out until the pile threads P A and P B reach full extension. This creates a spacer with a double T-shaped profile.

Eine weitere, besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zeigen die Fig. 12.1 und 12.2. Sie ermöglicht es, eine mechanische Verbindung zwischen benachbarten Abschnitten unterschiedlicher Polfadenlänge zu schaffen, was dazu führt, daß auch in der fertiggestellten, konturierten Abstandswirkware zwischen diesen beiden benachbarten Abschnitten ein besonders guter Zusammenhalt erzeugt wird. Hierzu dient ein sogenannter Polfangfaden PF. Dieser wird vorzugsweise nur über die äußerste Nadel des Abschnittes B mit der geringeren Länge der Polfäden PB gelegt und damit auch vorzugsweise nur in das äußere, dem Abschnitt A mit den längeren Polfäden PA zugewandte Maschenstäbchen M eingebunden. Zwischen zwei Einbindestellen, die nicht zwangsläufig in zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Maschenreihen liegen müssen, führt eine gesonderte, den Polfangfaden PF führende Legeschiene eine Unterlegung in den Bereich A mit den längeren Polfäden PA unter mindestens eine Nadel dieses Abschnittes A aus und verharrt so lange im Bereich dieser Nadelgasse, bis mindestens eine Reihe Polfäden PA gelegt und in die entsprechenden Grundwarenabschnitte G1A und G2A eingebunden wurde. Erst dann wird der Polfangfaden PF ohne Überlänge wieder in das Maschenstäbchen M eingebunden und umschlingt so eine Reihe von Polfäden PA im Abschnitt A. Beim nachfolgenden Konturieren der Ware werden die so "gefangenen" Polfäden PA durch die vom Polfangfaden PF gebildete Schlaufe hindurchgezogen und durch letzteren auch nahe am Rand des Abschnittes B gehalten. Die Einbringung eines solchen Polfangfadens ist auch zwischen zwei benachbarten Langpolabschnitten möglich.A further, particularly advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 12.1 and 12.2. It makes it possible to create a mechanical connection between adjacent sections of different pile thread lengths, which leads to a particularly good cohesion also being produced in the finished, contoured spacer knitted fabric between these two adjacent sections. A so-called pile thread PF is used for this. This is preferably placed only over the outermost needle of section B with the shorter length of pile threads P B and thus also preferably only integrated into the outer wale M facing section A with the longer pile threads P A. Between two tie-in points, which do not necessarily have to lie in two successive rows of stitches, a separate laying rail guiding the pile thread PF underlies the area A with the longer pile threads P A under at least one needle of this section A and remains in the area of this for so long Nadelgasse until at least one row of pile threads P A was laid and integrated into the corresponding basic goods sections G 1A and G 2A . Only then is the pile thread PF tied back into the wale M without excess length and thus wraps around a series of pile threads P A in section A. When the goods are subsequently contoured, the pile threads P A thus "caught" are pulled through the loop formed by the pile thread PF and held by the latter also close to the edge of section B. The introduction of such a pile thread is also possible between two adjacent long pole sections.

Mit den hier beschriebenen Beispielen ist die Erfindung nicht eingegrenzt. Beispielsweise sind neben den beschriebenen Profile (T-, U-, Z-, L-, Doppel-T-Profil) andere Profilformen denk- und herstellbar. Die beschriebenen Profile stellen jedoch die Hauptanwendungsformen dar, die sich aus den handelsüblichen Profilen von Stahlträgern herleiten lassen.The invention is not limited by the examples described here. For example, in addition to the profiles described (T, U, Z, L, double T profile), other profile shapes are conceivable and can be produced. However, the profiles described represent the main forms of application that can be derived from the commercially available profiles of steel girders.

Weiterhin ist es möglich, die Länge der in Langpolabschnitten zwischen den Grundwarenabschnitten eingebundenen Polfadensegmente in ihrer Länge auch während des Wirkprozesses, im Extremfall von Maschenreihe zu Maschenreihe, zu ändern. Damit sind dann z. B. Konturen mit auf- und abschwellender Dicke oder auf bestimmten Längen verstärkte oder geschwächte Konturen herstellbar.It is also possible to change the length of the pile thread segments integrated in the long pole sections between the base fabric sections even during the knitting process, in extreme cases from row of stitches to row of stitches. Then z. B. contours with increasing and decreasing thickness or reinforced or weakened contours to certain lengths.

Es ist weiterhin möglich, Polfäden nur in jeder m-ten Maschenreihe und in jedem n-ten Maschenstäbchen zu verlegen, so daß auch die Dichte oder die Verteilung der Polfäden in den Abschnitten gezielt beeinflußt werden kann.It is also possible to lay pile threads only in every mth row of stitches and in every nth wale, so that the density or distribution of the pile threads in the sections can also be influenced in a targeted manner.

Aufstellung der verwendeten BezugszeichenList of the reference symbols used

AA
Abschnittsection
BB
Abschnittsection
CC.
Abschnittsection
G1 G 1
GrundwareBasic goods
G2 G 2
GrundwareBasic goods
G1A G 1A
GrundwarenabschnittBasic goods section
G1B G 1B
GrundwarenabschnittBasic goods section
G1C G 1C
GrundwarenabschnittBasic goods section
G2A G 2A
GrundwarenabschnittBasic goods section
G2B G 2B
GrundwarenabschnittBasic goods section
G2C G 2C
GrundwarenabschnittBasic goods section
GPF1 GPF 1
polfadenfreier Grundwarenabschnittnon-pile basic goods section
GPF2 GPF 2
polfadenfreier Grundwarenabschnittnon-pile basic goods section
GPF3 GPF 3
polfadenfreier Grundwarenabschnittnon-pile basic goods section
GPF4 GPF 4
polfadenfreier Grundwarenabschnittnon-pile basic goods section
MM
MaschenstäbchenWales
PA P A
PolfadenPile thread
PB P B
PolfadenPile thread
PC P C
PolfadenPile thread
PFPF
PolfangfadenPile thread
aa
Abstand der NadelbarrenDistance of the needle bars
IA I A
Länge der PolfädenLength of pile threads
IB I B
Länge der PolfädenLength of pile threads

Claims (14)

Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Abstandswirkware, die einander mit unterschiedlichem lokalem Abstand gegenüberstehende Grundwaren (G1; G2) aufweist, durch Erzeugung der Grundwaren (G1; G2) und beidseitige Einbindung von sich zwischen den Grundwaren (G1; G2) erstreckenden Polfadensystemen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abstandswirkware auf zwei äquidistanten, unkonturierten Nadelbarren einer Kettenwirkmaschine, insbesondere einer Rechts/Rechts-Doppelraschelmaschine, gearbeitet wird, daß sie aus beliebig benachbarten Abschnitten (A; B; C) zusammengesetzt wird, in denen die Länge der Polfadensegmente (PA; PB; PC) entweder gleich (Kurzpolabschnitt) oder größer (Langpolabschnitt) als der Abstand (a) der Nadelbarren ist, und daß in benachbarten Abschnitten (A; B; C) mit unterschiedlich langen Polfadensegmenten (PA; PB; PC) auf einer Nadelbarrenseite die polfadentragenden Grundwarenabschnitte (G1A; G1B; G1C; G2A; G2B; G2C) unmittelbar zusammenhängend (geschlossene Grundware) und auf der gegenüberliegenden Nadelbarrenseite die polfadentragenden Grundwarenabschnitte (G1A; G1B; G1C; G2A; G2B; G2C) nicht unmittelbar zusammenhängend (offene Grundware) gearbeitet werden.Process for the production of a spacer knitted fabric which has basic goods (G 1 ; G 2 ) facing each other at different local distances, by producing the basic goods (G 1 ; G 2 ) and integrating them on both sides between the basic goods (G 1 ; G 2 ) Pole thread systems, characterized in that the spacer knitted fabric is worked on two equidistant, uncontoured needle bars of a warp knitting machine, in particular a right / right double rustling machine, in that it is composed of any adjacent sections (A; B; C) in which the length of the pile thread segments (P A ; P B ; P C ) is either the same (short pole section) or greater (long pole section) than the distance (a) of the needle bars, and that in adjacent sections (A; B; C) with differently long pile thread segments (P A ; P B ; P C ) on a needle bar side the pile thread-carrying basic goods sections (G 1A ; G 1B; G 1C ; G 2A ; G 2B ; G 2C ) are directly connected end (closed basic fabric) and on the opposite needle bar side the pile thread-carrying basic fabric sections (G 1A ; G 1B ; G 1C ; G 2A ; G 2B ; G 2C ) are not directly connected (open basic goods). Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in Langpolabschnitten die Polfadensegmente (PA; PB; PC) in Abschnitte der Grundwaren eingebunden werden, von denen einer an einen Kurzpolabschnitt angrenzt und mit diesem verbunden ist, der andere jedoch in Erstreckungsrichtung der Nadelbarren seitlich versetzt ist.Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that in long pole sections the pile thread segments (P A ; P B ; P C ) are integrated into sections of the base goods, one of which adjoins and is connected to a short pole section, but the other in the direction of extension of the needle bars is laterally offset. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in Langpolabschnitten die Polfadensegmente (PA; PB; PC) in einander gegenüberliegende Abschnitte der Grundwaren (G1; G2) eingebunden werden, indem sie zunächst über gegenüber den die Grundware (G1; G2) arbeitenden Maschenbildungselementen in Erstreckungsrichtung der Nadelbarren seitlich versetzte, keine Masche bildende Fadenhalteelemente und danach über die die Grundware (G1; G2) arbeitenden Maschenbildungselemente der gegenüberliegenden Nadelbarre gelegt und dort in die Grundware (G1; G2) eingebunden werden.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that in long-pole sections, the pile thread segments (P A ; P B ; P C ) are integrated into mutually opposite sections of the basic goods (G 1 ; G 2 ) by first over compared to the basic goods (G 1 ; G 2 ) stitch-forming elements working laterally offset in the direction of extension of the needle bars, no stitch-forming thread-holding elements and then placed over the stitch-forming elements of the opposite needle bar working the basic fabric (G 1 ; G 2 ) and there in the basic fabric (G 1 ; G 2 ) are involved. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich an Grundwarenabschnitte (G1A; G1B; G1C; G2A; G2B; G2C) mit eingebundenen Polfadensegmenten (PA; PB; PC) polfadenfreie Grundwarenabschnitte (GPF1; GPF2; GPF3; GPF4) anschließen.Method according to claims 2 or 3, characterized in that basic goods sections (G 1A ; G 1B ; G 1C ; G 2A ; G 2B ; G 2C ) with integrated pile thread segments (P A ; P B ; P C ) Connect GPF 1 ; GPF 2 ; GPF 3 ; GPF 4 ). Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß polfadenfreie Grundwarenabschnitte (GPF1; GPF2; GPF3; GPF4), die sich zwischen zwei Grundwarenabschnitten (G1A; G1B; G1C; G2A; G2B; G2C) mit eingebundenen Polfäden erstrecken, zumindest mit einem benachbarten Grundwarenabschnitt (G1A; G1B; G1C; G2A; G2B; G2C) mit eingebundenen Polfäden verbunden sind.A method according to claim 4, characterized in that non-pile basic fabric sections (GPF 1 ; GPF 2 ; GPF 3 ; GPF 4 ) which are located between two basic fabric sections (G 1A ; G 1B ; G 1C ; G 2A ; G 2B ; G 2C ) extend bound pile threads, are connected to bound pile threads at least with an adjacent basic goods section (G 1A ; G 1B ; G 1C ; G 2A ; G 2B ; G 2C ). Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der seitliche Versatz des Grundwarenabschnittes (G1A; G1B; G1C; G2A; G2B; G2C) während des Wirkprozesses verändert wird.Method according to Claim 2, characterized in that the lateral offset of the basic goods section (G 1A ; G 1B ; G 1C ; G 2A ; G 2B ; G 2C ) is changed during the knitting process. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Weite der Legung über keine Maschen bildende Fadenhalteelemente während des Wirkprozesses verändert wird.Method according to Claim 3, characterized in that the width of the laying is changed during the knitting process by means of thread holding elements which do not form stitches. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Übergang zwischen Grundwarenabschnitten (G1A; G1B; G1C; G2A; G2B; G2C) mit unterschiedlich langen Polfadensegmenten (PA; PB; PC) mindestens ein Polfangfaden eingearbeitet wird, der in den Rand der Grundware (G1; G2) des Abschnittes (A; B; C) mit den kürzeren Polfadensegmenten (PA; PB; PC) mit einem Abstand von jeweils mindestes einer Maschenreihe eingebunden wird und zwischen seinen Einbindestellen mindestens ein Polfadensegment (PA; PB; PC) aus mindestens einer Maschenreihe des Abschnittes (A; B; C) mit den längeren Polfadensegmenten (PA; PB; PC) umschlingt.Method according to claim 3, characterized in that at least one pile thread is incorporated in the transition between basic goods sections (G 1A ; G 1B ; G 1C ; G 2A ; G 2B ; G 2C ) with differently long pile thread segments (P A ; P B ; P C ) will that in the edge the basic fabric (G 1 ; G 2 ) of the section (A; B; C) with the shorter pile thread segments (P A ; P B ; P C ) is bound at a distance of at least one stitch row each and at least one pile thread segment ( P A ; P B ; P C ) from at least one stitch row of section (A; B; C) with the longer pile thread segments (P A ; P B ; P C ) looped around. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nach Abschluß des Wirkprozesses aus Abschnitten (A; B; C) mit längeren Polfadensegmenten (PA; PB; PC) über Abschnitte (A; B; C) mit kürzeren Polfadensegment (PA; PB; PC) erhabene Konturen erzeugt werden.Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that after the end of the knitting process from sections (A; B; C) with longer pile thread segments (P A ; P B ; P C ) over sections (A; B; C) with shorter pile thread segments (P A ; P B ; P C ) raised contours are generated. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1, 2 und 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die erhabenen Strukturen erzeugt werden, indem in Abschnitten (A; B; C) mit Polfadensegmenten (PA; PB; PC), deren Länge den Abstand der Nadelbarren übersteigt, die seitlich zueinander versetzten Grundwarenabschnitte (G1A; G1B; G1C; G2A; G2B; G2C) miteinander zur Deckung gebracht werden.Method according to claims 1, 2 and 9, characterized in that the raised structures are produced by sections (A; B; C) with pile thread segments (P A ; P B ; P C ), the length of which exceeds the distance between the needle bars , the laterally offset basic goods sections (G 1A ; G 1B ; G 1C ; G 2A ; G 2B ; G 2C ) are made to coincide with each other. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1, 3 und 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die erhabenen Strukturen erzeugt werden, indem in Abschnitten (A; B; C) mit Polfadensegmenten (PA; PB; PC), deren Länge den Abstand der Nadelbarren übersteigt, der Abstand der einander gegenüberliegenden Grundwarenabschnitte (G1A; G1B; G1C; G2A; G2B; G2C) so weit vergrößert wird, bis die Polfadensegmente (PA; PB; PC) vollständig gestreckt sind.Method according to claims 1, 3 and 9, characterized in that the raised structures are produced by sections (A; B; C) with pile thread segments (P A ; P B ; P C ), the length of which exceeds the distance between the needle bars , the distance between the opposing basic goods sections (G 1A ; G 1B ; G 1C ; G 2A ; G 2B ; G 2C ) is increased until the pile thread segments (P A ; P B ; P C ) are completely stretched. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß polfreie Grundwarenabschnitte (GPF1; GPF2; GPF3; GPF4) an Seitenflanken von mit Polfäden besetzten Grundwarenabschnitten (G1A; G1B; G1C; G2A; G2B; G2C) angelegt werden.Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that pile-free basic goods sections (GPF 1 ; GPF 2 ; GPF 3 ; GPF 4 ) are covered with pile threads on the side flanks Basic goods sections (G 1A ; G 1B ; G 1C ; G 2A ; G 2B ; G 2C ) are created. Abstandswirkware, bestehend aus einander gegenüberstehenden Grundwaren (G1; G2) mit unterschiedlichem lokalem Abstand zueinander und beidseitig sich zwischen den Grundwaren (G1; G2) erstreckenden und in diese eingebundenen Polfadensystemen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an den Übergängen zwischen Grundwarenabschnitten (G1A; G1B; G1C; G2A; G2B; G2C) mit unterschiedlich langen Polfadensegmenten (PA; PB; PC) in den Rand der offenen Grundwarenseite mindestens ein Polfangfaden eingearbeitet ist, der in die Grundware (G1; G2) des Abschnittes (A; B; C) mit den kürzeren Polfadensegmenten (PA; PB; PC) mit einem Abstand von jeweils mindestens einer Maschenreihe eingebunden ist und zwischen seinen Einbindestellen mindestens ein Polfadensegment (PA; PB; PC) aus mindestens einer Maschenreihe des Abschnittes (A; B; C) mit den längeren Polfadensegmenten (PA; PB; PC) umschlingt.Spacer knitwear, consisting of mutually opposed basic goods (G 1 ; G 2 ) with different local spacing from one another and on both sides extending between the basic goods (G 1 ; G 2 ) and integrated in these pile thread systems, characterized in that at the transitions between basic goods sections (G 1A ; G 1B ; G 1C ; G 2A ; G 2B ; G 2C ) with different lengths of pile thread segments (P A ; P B ; P C ) at least one pile thread is worked into the edge of the open base fabric side, which thread is in the base fabric (G 1 ; G 2 ) of the section (A; B; C) with the shorter pile thread segments (P A ; P B ; P C ) is bound at a distance of at least one stitch row each and at least one pile thread segment (P A ; P B ; P C ) from at least one stitch row of section (A; B; C) with the longer pile thread segments (P A ; P B ; P C ) looped around. Abstandswirkware, bestehend aus einander gegenüberstehenden Grundwaren mit unterschiedlichem lokalem Abstand zueinander und beidseitig sich zwischen den Grundwaren erstreckenden und in diese eingebundenen Polfadensystemen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Seitenflanken von mit Polfäden besetzten Grundwarenabschnitten (G1A; G1B; G1C; G2A; G2B; G2C) durch polfreie Grundwarenabschnitte (GPF1; GPF2; GPF3; GPF4) abgedeckt sind.Spacer knitwear, consisting of mutually opposing basic goods with different local spacing from one another and on both sides between the basic goods extending and incorporated in these pile thread systems, characterized in that side flanks of basic fabric sections covered with pile threads (G1A; G1B; G1C; G2A; G2B; G2C) by non-pile Basic goods sections (GPF1; GPF2; GPF3; GPF4) are covered.
EP96109291A 1995-06-16 1996-06-11 Method for manufacturing a spacer knitwear and a spacer knitwear thus obtained Expired - Lifetime EP0748889B1 (en)

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DE19521443A1 (en) 1996-12-19
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EP0748889B1 (en) 2001-12-19
DE19521443C2 (en) 2001-04-19

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