EP0743114A1 - Process for the lubrication of the walls of a continuous casting mould for metals and mould for carrying out the process - Google Patents

Process for the lubrication of the walls of a continuous casting mould for metals and mould for carrying out the process Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0743114A1
EP0743114A1 EP96400896A EP96400896A EP0743114A1 EP 0743114 A1 EP0743114 A1 EP 0743114A1 EP 96400896 A EP96400896 A EP 96400896A EP 96400896 A EP96400896 A EP 96400896A EP 0743114 A1 EP0743114 A1 EP 0743114A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lubricant
metallic
product
tubular element
level
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EP96400896A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0743114B2 (en
EP0743114B1 (en
Inventor
Eric Perrin
Pierre Courbe
Jacques Spiquel
Paul Naveau
Jean-Marc Jolivet
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Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques CRM ASBL
Forges et Acieries de Dilling SA
Ascometal SA
Sollac SA
Ugitech SA
Sogepass
Original Assignee
Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques CRM ASBL
Forges et Acieries de Dilling SA
Unimetal SA
Ugine Savoie SA
Ascometal SA
Sollac SA
Lorraine de Laminage Continu SA SOLLAC
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Application filed by Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques CRM ASBL, Forges et Acieries de Dilling SA, Unimetal SA, Ugine Savoie SA, Ascometal SA, Sollac SA, Lorraine de Laminage Continu SA SOLLAC filed Critical Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques CRM ASBL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/07—Lubricating the moulds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of continuous casting of metals. More specifically, it relates to the lubrication mode of the ingot molds of conventional continuous casting installations, and also of the ingot molds of so-called “continuous casting under load” installations, in which it is sought to move the surface of the liquid metal in the ingot mold away from the area where solidification of the cast product begins.
  • the conventional continuous casting operation of steel schematically consists in continuously pouring the molten metal into a bottomless vertical oscillating tubular ingot mold, with metal walls (copper or copper alloy) energetically cooled by internal circulation of water, and to extract therefrom, also continuously, a product (slab, bloom or billet according to the dimensions of the mold) already solidified externally over a few centimeters in thickness.
  • a product sin, cast, bloom or billet according to the dimensions of the mold
  • the solidification of this product is completed in the lower stages of the machine, where the product is first, on leaving the ingot mold, forcedly cooled by spraying water, then cools naturally. It is then cut to the desired length.
  • the oscillation of the mold has the function of preventing the solidified skin of the product from sticking locally to the wall of the mold, which would tear the skin causing a "breakthrough", that is to say the flow of liquid metal by this tear.
  • the consequence of such an incident would be the need to immediately stop the casting, and the risk of causing serious damage to the machine.
  • a known remedy for this problem consists in moving the surface of the liquid metal in an ingot mold away from the level at which solidification of the product begins.
  • an uncooled tubular element called “enhancer”
  • the flow rate of metal introduced and the speed of poured to maintain the surface of the metal inside the riser.
  • This being made of a heat insulating material such as an aluminous refractory, the solidification of the skin of the product does not start in principle not on its walls, and begins only at the metal element. Fluctuations in the level of the liquid metal surface no longer affect the area where solidification begins. This is carried out very regularly and leads to a surface and subcutaneous quality of the products, a marked improvement compared to conventional continuous casting installations. Such installations are usually designated by the term "continuous poured laden".
  • the submerged nozzle which brings the liquid metal into the ingot mold, at its open end held inside the extension.
  • the metal which it contains therefore constitutes a buffer volume which dampens the turbulence due to the incoming flow of metal, before it reaches the level of the metallic element. This also contributes to providing greater regularity in the solidification of the first layers of metal than in the case of conventional continuous castings, where these turbulences affect the entire upper part of the cooled metal element and can slow solidification in the vicinity of the zones of strong recirculations.
  • this powder ensures the capture of non-metallic inclusions which have risen to the surface of the metal, protection of the liquid metal against atmospheric reoxidation and arrest of the radiation emitted by the metal.
  • the requirements on the composition of the powder which notably governs its fluidity at the powder / metal interface, are not identical for all these functions. The choice of composition is therefore necessarily a compromise which does not make it possible to ensure any of them optimally.
  • the other lubrication method consists of depositing on the surface of the metal in the mold a layer of oil, such as rapeseed oil, so that it infiltrates between the wall and skin solidified.
  • the first cannot be transposed to the case of load casting.
  • the powder which must be deposited on the surface of the metal in the enhancer to protect the metal and catch the inclusions cannot reach the upper edge of the metallic element, where the solidification of the skin begins, and therefore has no role in lubrication.
  • it is not conceivable to inject powder at the junction between the riser and the metallic element because one would cause pollution of the metal by the fraction of the powder which, inevitably, would be entrained within it. It is therefore chosen to provide lubrication of the mold by an injection of oil carried out on the internal periphery of the metal element, in the vicinity of its junction with the extension.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a method allowing optimal lubrication of the whole of the cooled metal part of the ingot mold of any continuous casting installation, in that it would make possible in all cases the use of a liquid lubricant on a conventional continuous casting, and in that it would simplify the design of the molds for continuous casting under load.
  • the subject of the invention is a method of lubricating a mold for continuous casting of a metallic product of the type comprising a metallic tubular element oscillating vertically energetically cooled, defining a passage for the cast metal, and intended to cause in contact with its wall in said passage the solidification of said metallic product, according to which an injection of a lubricant in the liquid state is carried out through said metallic tubular element in the direction of said metallic product in the course of solidification, characterized in that said injection is carried out at points distributed annularly on a single level of said tubular element, said level being located at a distance greater than 20 cm from the lowest level where the solidification of said product is likely to be initiated, and in that the flow rate of said lubricant is sufficient to cause a rise of a fraction of said lubricant along from said wall to the level where the solidification of said product actually begins.
  • the invention also relates to an ingot mold for a continuous casting installation of metallic products, of the type comprising an energetically cooled metallic tubular element, defining a passage for the cast metal, and intended to cause contact with its wall in said passage. solidification of said metallic product, means for vertically oscillating said ingot mold, and means for injecting a lubricant in the liquid state through said metallic tubular element in the direction of said metallic product being solidified, characterized in that said means are placed at a single level of said metallic tubular element, said level being located at a distance greater than 20 cm from the lowest level where the solidification of said product is likely to be initiated.
  • the invention consists in locating the injection of liquid lubricant at a level of the mold located very substantially lower than the level at which the solidification of the cast product begins, and not at this level itself.
  • the inventors have in fact found that the vertical movements of oscillation of the mold could be sufficient to cause a significant rise of a fraction of the lubricant along the walls of the cooled metallic element.
  • By appropriately adjusting the location and parameters of the lubricant injection it is therefore possible to send a significant quantity of it to the level where solidification begins, and thus ensure satisfactory lubrication of the mold on the entire height of its cooled metal element just with this injection. This quantity must, on the other hand, be moderate enough not to cause unacceptable gas emissions in the mold.
  • the covering powder is no longer used for this lubrication function and it is therefore possible to optimize its composition to make it best fulfill its functions of trapping inclusions and protecting the surface of the liquid metal.
  • the mold 1 shown in Figure 1 is, as is conventional in continuous casting in charge of steel or other metals, composed of two superimposed elements.
  • the main one is a metallic tubular element 2 made of copper or copper alloy, the internal surface 3 of which defines a passage 4 of dimensions identical to those of the product which it is desired to pour, and of round, square or rectangular cross section.
  • This metallic tubular element 2 can consist of a single piece (this is most often the case for the casting of rounds, billets and steel blooms), or be formed by an assembly of plates, each of which corresponds to one face of the mold 1 (general case for the casting of steel slabs).
  • the metallic tubular element 2 is cooled by a circulation of water 5, formed for example between its external surface 6 and a jacket 7 which surrounds it.
  • the second element of the ingot mold On the upper edge 8 of the metallic tubular element 2 is fixed the second element of the ingot mold, namely an extension 9 formed by a tubular element in a refractory material such as a 90-10% alumina-silica mixture.
  • the internal surface 10 of the extension 9 defines a passage 11 situated in the extension of the passage 4 defined by the internal surface 3 of the metallic tubular element 2.
  • these two passages 4 and 11 have the same dimensions, but it can be provided that one of them has a smaller size than the other, to make the start of solidification of the cast product more frank.
  • a submerged nozzle 12 connected to a distributor (not shown) containing the liquid metal 13 to flow causes the latter in the internal passage 11 to the riser 9.
  • the solidification of the liquid metal 13 does not occur significantly on its walls., And does not start until the liquid metal 13 comes into contact with the internal surface 3 of the cooled metal element 2, ie at the upper edge 8 of said element 2.
  • This solidification results to the formation of a solidified steel crust 14, of increasing thickness as one descends into the mold 1, surrounding the core 15 still liquid from the cast product 16.
  • This product 16 is continuously extracted from the ingot mold 1 by a known device not shown, installed in the lower stages of the machine.
  • the cooling of the product 16, after it leaves the mold 1 in the partially solidified state conventionally continues using a device (not shown) for spraying with water jets or a water / air mixture from its external surface.
  • the ingot mold 1 also comprises, in a conventional manner, a device not shown making it possible to print vertical oscillation movements as a whole according to arrow 17. These oscillations can be sinusoidal or obey a more complex law. They usually have a frequency of a few Hz, and an amplitude of a few mm.
  • the ingot mold 1 also comprises a device ensuring the lubrication of the internal surface 3 of the cooled metallic tubular element 2, by injection on the periphery of this surface of a lubricating liquid, such as oil, intended to be inserted between this surface 3 and the solidified crust 14 of the product 16.
  • a lubricating liquid such as oil
  • This injection is carried out through channels 18, 19 formed in the walls of the element metal 2, and leading the lubricant to orifices 20, 21 opening onto the internal surface 3 of this element 2, so as to distribute it over the entire periphery of the solidified crust 14 of the product 16.
  • the lubricant is itself brought into the channels 18, 19 by means not shown connected to the lower orifices 22, 23 of the channels 18, 19, opening onto the lower edge 24 of the cooled metallic element 2.
  • the conventional continuous casting installation according to the invention shown in FIG. 2 has its elements equivalent to elements of the same nature and of the same function of the installation in FIG. 1 identified by the same references.
  • This installation differs from the previous one in that the cooled metallic tubular element 2 constitutes the entire internal face of the ingot mold 1. There is therefore no longer any heat insulating enhancement.
  • the surface of the liquid metal 15 present in the mold 1 is maintained below the upper edge 8 of the metal element 2, and it is at its level that the solidification of the crust 14 of the product begins.
  • the lubrication of the internal face of the ingot mold 1 is entirely ensured by an injection of lubricating liquid carried out at a distance from the level at which the solidification of the crust is initiated 14.
  • this injection must be carried out at least 20 cm below the surface of the liquid metal 15. It is therefore necessary to place the lubricant injection device at least 20 cm below the lowest level where solidification of the product is likely to begin 16.
  • the lubricant must also be injected at a rate such that, taking into account the other operating conditions, at any time a significant fraction of the lubricant rises along the sides. of the cooled tubular element 2 to the level where the solidification of the product 16 actually begins.
  • the essential advantage of such a technical solution, in conventional continuous casting, is to authorize the use of a covering powder 25, the composition of which is particularly suitable for trapping inclusions and for isolating the liquid metal 15 from the atmosphere, since it does not have to ensure the lubrication of the ingot mold 1.
  • a covering powder 25 the composition of which is particularly suitable for trapping inclusions and for isolating the liquid metal 15 from the atmosphere, since it does not have to ensure the lubrication of the ingot mold 1.
  • Such an adaptation leads to the choice of a powder 25 having at its interface with the liquid metal 15 a less fluidity than that which would be necessary on a traditional classic continuous casting.
  • FIG. 3 presents a more detailed view of a nonlimiting example of embodiment of the metal element 2 of the mold 1, freed from the jacket 7 which surrounds it when it is installed in the casting machine.
  • This example is suitable for the casting of steel products with a square cross section of 155 mm side.
  • the lubricant supply channels 18, 18 ′ are formed by longitudinal grooves machined on the external surface 6 of the metal element 2 in the extension of holes made in its lower edge 24 which constitute the lower orifices 22, 22 ', 23, 23' of the channels 18, 18 ', 19.
  • These channels 18, 18', 19 each open, at their upper end, into a distribution chamber 25, 25 'constituted by a machined recess transversely to the channel 18, 18 ′, 19 corresponding on the external surface 6 of the metal element 2, and which extends up to the proximity of the edges 26, 27, 28 of said element 2.
  • the bottom of each of these chambers distribution 25, 25 ' is pierced with a multiplicity of small holes 20, 20', 21 which open on the internal face 3 of the metallic element 2 and constitute the aforementioned orifices which bring the lubricant between the metallic element 2 and the solidified rind 14 of the product t cast 16.
  • the channels 18, 18 ', 19 and the distribution chambers 25, 25', after their machining, are closed in leaktight manner by covers (not shown) which are fixed to the external face 6 of the element metallic 2, for example through electron beam welding.
  • This fixing method has the advantage of authorizing the application of ultrasound to the mold 1 without deterioration of the tightness of the cover-metal element connections 2, which would not be possible if this fixing was carried out using quote. It will be recalled that ultrasound can, in known manner, contribute to improving the lubrication of the mold 1 and increase the efficiency of its cooling system.
  • fine longitudinal grooves 29 are formed on the internal face 3 of the metal element 2, between its lower edge 24 and the distribution chambers 25, 25 'of the lubricant, in line with the orifices 20, 20', 21. These grooves facilitate the evacuation of excess lubricating liquid and gases resulting from its cracking towards the lower part of the mold 2.
  • the parameters to be taken into account for the determination of the optimal place of injection of the lubricant in a mold of given format are essentially the speed of casting of the product 16, the amplitude and the frequency of the oscillations of the mold 1 and the flow of lubricant injected. All other things being equal, the lubricant rises along the metallic element 2 over a height which is all the more important as its flow rate is high and the speed of casting is low.
  • the ingot mold 1 must therefore be designed so that, just by acting on the flow of lubricant, it is possible to obtain correct lubrication of the whole of the ingot mold 1 for all the operating conditions under which it is capable of be used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Method of lubricating a cooled, vertically oscillating, tubular, continuous casting mould involves injecting liq. lubricant (pref. oil) through the mould towards the metal product during solidification, the injection being carried out at spaced points at a single mould level located at more than 20 cm. from the lowest level at which solidification may start and the lubricant supply rate is sufficient to cause rising of a fraction of the lubricant along the mould wall up to the level at which solidification effectively starts. Also claimed is a continuous casting mould in which the above method is carried out.

Description

L'invention concerne le domaine de la coulée continue des métaux. Plus précisément, elle concerne le mode de lubrification des lingotières d'installations de coulée continue classique, et également des lingotières d'installations dites de "coulée continue en charge", dans lesquelles on cherche à éloigner la surface du métal liquide en lingotière de la zone où débute la solidification du produit coulé.The invention relates to the field of continuous casting of metals. More specifically, it relates to the lubrication mode of the ingot molds of conventional continuous casting installations, and also of the ingot molds of so-called "continuous casting under load" installations, in which it is sought to move the surface of the liquid metal in the ingot mold away from the area where solidification of the cast product begins.

L'opération de coulée continue classique de l'acier consiste schématiquement à verser en continu le métal en fusion dans une lingotière oscillante tubulaire verticale sans fond, aux parois métalliques (en cuivre ou alliage de cuivre) énergiquement refroidies par circulation interne d'eau, et à en extraire, également continûment, un produit (brame, bloom ou billette selon les dimensions de la lingotière) déjà solidifié extérieurement sur quelques centimètres d'épaisseur. La solidification de ce produit s'achève dans les étages inférieurs de la machine, où le produit est d'abord, à sa sortie de la lingotière, refroidi de manière forcée par projection d'eau, puis se refroidit naturellement. Il est ensuite découpé à la longueur souhaitée. L'oscillation de la lingotière a pour fonction d'éviter que la peau solidifiée du produit ne se colle localement sur la paroi de la lingotière, ce qui déchirerait la peau en provoquant une "percée", c'est à dire l'écoulement de métal liquide par cette déchirure. La conséquence d'un tel incident serait la nécessité d'arrêter immédiatement la coulée, et le risque de causer de graves dommages à la machine.The conventional continuous casting operation of steel schematically consists in continuously pouring the molten metal into a bottomless vertical oscillating tubular ingot mold, with metal walls (copper or copper alloy) energetically cooled by internal circulation of water, and to extract therefrom, also continuously, a product (slab, bloom or billet according to the dimensions of the mold) already solidified externally over a few centimeters in thickness. The solidification of this product is completed in the lower stages of the machine, where the product is first, on leaving the ingot mold, forcedly cooled by spraying water, then cools naturally. It is then cut to the desired length. The oscillation of the mold has the function of preventing the solidified skin of the product from sticking locally to the wall of the mold, which would tear the skin causing a "breakthrough", that is to say the flow of liquid metal by this tear. The consequence of such an incident would be the need to immediately stop the casting, and the risk of causing serious damage to the machine.

Il est important pour la bonne qualité des produits laminés qui en seront issus que ces produits de coulée continue présentent des défauts de surface et sous-cutanés aussi réduits que possible. Or, l'oscillation et l'écoulement du liquide en lingotière provoquent d'incessantes variations du niveau de la surface du métal liquide dans la lingotière, surface au droit de laquelle débute la solidification de la peau du produit sur la paroi refroidie. Ces variations sont la principale cause d'apparitions périodiques d'irrégularités sur la surface du produit, tels que des rides d'oscillation et des cornes solidifiées, dont on cherche à minimiser l'importance.It is important for the good quality of the rolled products which will result therefrom that these continuous casting products have surface and subcutaneous defects as reduced as possible. However, the oscillation and the flow of liquid in the ingot mold cause incessant variations in the level of the surface of the liquid metal in the ingot mold, the surface at the right of which begins the solidification of the skin of the product on the cooled wall. These variations are the main cause of periodic appearance of irregularities on the surface of the product, such as oscillation wrinkles and solidified horns, the importance of which is to be minimized.

Un remède connu à ce problème consiste à éloigner la surface du métal liquide en lingotière du niveau où s'initie la solidification du produit. Dans ce but, on dispose un élément tubulaire non refroidi, appelé "rehausse", sur le rebord supérieur de l'élément métallique refroidi de la lingotière dans le prolongement de celle-ci, et on règle le débit de métal introduit et la vitesse de coulée de façon à maintenir la surface du métal à l'intérieur de la rehausse. Celle-ci étant en un matériau isolant de la chaleur tel qu'un réfractaire alumineux, la solidification de la peau du produit ne s'amorce en principe pas sur ses parois, et ne débute qu'au niveau de l'élément métallique. Les fluctuations du niveau de la surface de métal liquide n'affectent ainsi plus la zone où s'initie la solidification. Celle-ci s'effectue de façon très régulière et conduit à une qualité de surface et sous-cutanée des produits en nette amélioration par rapport aux installations de coulée continue classique. De telles installations sont habituellement désignées par le terme "coulées continues en charge".A known remedy for this problem consists in moving the surface of the liquid metal in an ingot mold away from the level at which solidification of the product begins. For this purpose, there is an uncooled tubular element, called "enhancer", on the upper edge of the cooled metal element of the mold in continuation thereof, and the flow rate of metal introduced and the speed of poured to maintain the surface of the metal inside the riser. This being made of a heat insulating material such as an aluminous refractory, the solidification of the skin of the product does not start in principle not on its walls, and begins only at the metal element. Fluctuations in the level of the liquid metal surface no longer affect the area where solidification begins. This is carried out very regularly and leads to a surface and subcutaneous quality of the products, a marked improvement compared to conventional continuous casting installations. Such installations are usually designated by the term "continuous poured laden".

En outre, dans ces installations, la busette immergée, qui amène le métal liquide dans la lingotière, a son extrémité ouverte maintenue à l'intérieur de la rehausse. Le métal que celle-ci renferme constitue donc un volume-tampon qui amortit les turbulences dues au flux d'arrivée de métal, avant que celui-ci ne parvienne au niveau de l'élément métallique. Cela contribue également à procurer une plus grande régularité à la solidification des premières couches de métal que dans le cas des coulées continues classiques, où ces turbulences affectent toute la partie supérieure de l'élément métallique refroidi et peuvent ralentir la solidification au voisinage des zones de fortes recirculations.In addition, in these installations, the submerged nozzle, which brings the liquid metal into the ingot mold, at its open end held inside the extension. The metal which it contains therefore constitutes a buffer volume which dampens the turbulence due to the incoming flow of metal, before it reaches the level of the metallic element. This also contributes to providing greater regularity in the solidification of the first layers of metal than in the case of conventional continuous castings, where these turbulences affect the entire upper part of the cooled metal element and can slow solidification in the vicinity of the zones of strong recirculations.

Pour garantir que la solidification débute bien au niveau de l'élément métallique, on peut, comme préconisé dans le document EP0620062, réaliser une injection de gaz neutre sous pression au niveau de la jonction entre l'élément réfractaire et l'élément métallique. On vise ainsi à obtenir un cisaillage de la pellicule solide qui a pu, de manière indésirable, commencer à se former déjà sur les parois de la rehausse au cas où, par exemple, celle-ci n'aurait pas encore atteint sa complète mise en régime thermique.To ensure that solidification begins at the metallic element, it is possible, as recommended in document EP0620062, to carry out an injection of neutral gas under pressure at the junction between the refractory element and the metallic element. The aim is thus to obtain shearing of the solid film which may, undesirably, have already started to form on the walls of the extension in case, for example, the latter has not yet reached its complete setting thermal regime.

Il est indispensable, sur une coulée continue classique ou en charge, de lubrifier la paroi interne de l'élément métallique refroidi de la lingotière, afin d'assurer un bon glissement de la peau solidifiée du produit en cours d'extraction et éviter ainsi les percées. En coulée continue classique, deux méthodes peuvent être utilisées. L'une consiste à déposer sur la surface du métal liquide une poudre de couverture à base d'oxydes et de fondants. Elle forme une couche liquide à son interface avec le métal, et, à la périphérie de la lingotière, ce liquide auquel la composition de la poudre confère des propriétés lubrifiantes s'infiltre entre la paroi et la peau solidifiée. Par ailleurs, cette poudre assure la captation des inclusions non-métalliques qui ont remonté à la surface du métal, une protection du métal liquide contre les réoxydations atmosphériques et un arrêt des rayonnements émis par le métal. Les exigences sur la composition de la poudre, qui gouverne notamment sa fluidité à l'interface poudre/métal, ne sont pas identiques pour toutes ces fonctions. Le choix de la composition est donc obligatoirement un compromis qui ne permet d'assurer optimalement aucune d'entre elles. L'autre méthode de lubrification consiste à déposer sur la surface du métal en lingotière une couche d'huile, telle que de l'huile de colza, afin qu'elle s'infiltre entre la paroi et la peau solidifiée. On obtient ainsi une lubrification de très bonne qualité, mais les fonctions de piégeage des inclusions, de protection du métal contre les réoxydations et d'arrêt des rayonnements ne sont plus assurées. Cette méthode n'est donc guère utilisée que sur les installations de coulée de produits de très petit format coulés en jet libre (sans busette immergée). Sur de telles installations, si on utilisait une poudre de couverture, l'impact du jet de coulée sur la surface du métal provoquerait un entraînement de la poudre à l'intérieur de la lingotière, et donc une grave pollution du métal.It is essential, on a conventional or loaded continuous casting, to lubricate the internal wall of the cooled metal element of the mold, in order to ensure good sliding of the solidified skin of the product being extracted and thus avoid breakthroughs. In conventional continuous casting, two methods can be used. One consists in depositing on the surface of the liquid metal a covering powder based on oxides and fluxes. It forms a liquid layer at its interface with the metal, and, at the periphery of the mold, this liquid to which the composition of the powder imparts lubricating properties seeps between the wall and the solidified skin. In addition, this powder ensures the capture of non-metallic inclusions which have risen to the surface of the metal, protection of the liquid metal against atmospheric reoxidation and arrest of the radiation emitted by the metal. The requirements on the composition of the powder, which notably governs its fluidity at the powder / metal interface, are not identical for all these functions. The choice of composition is therefore necessarily a compromise which does not make it possible to ensure any of them optimally. The other lubrication method consists of depositing on the surface of the metal in the mold a layer of oil, such as rapeseed oil, so that it infiltrates between the wall and skin solidified. Very good quality lubrication is thus obtained, but the functions of trapping inclusions, protecting the metal against reoxidation and stopping radiation are no longer ensured. This method is therefore hardly used except on installations for pouring very small format products cast in free jet (without submerged nozzle). On such installations, if a covering powder was used, the impact of the pouring jet on the surface of the metal would cause the powder to entrain inside the ingot mold, and therefore serious pollution of the metal.

Parmi ces deux méthodes, la première n'est pas transposable au cas de la coulée en charge. La poudre que l'on doit déposer sur la surface du métal dans la rehausse pour protéger le métal et capter les inclusions ne peut parvenir jusqu'au bord supérieur de l'élément métallique, là où s'initie la solidification de la peau, et n'a donc aucun rôle dans la lubrification. D'autre part, il n'est pas pensable d'injecter de la poudre au niveau de la jonction entre la rehausse et l'élément métallique, car on provoquerait une pollution du métal par la fraction de la poudre qui, inévitablement, serait entraînée en son sein. On choisit donc d'assurer la lubrification de la lingotière par une injection d'huile réalisée sur la périphérie interne de l'élément métallique, au voisinage de sa jonction avec la rehausse. Elle est réalisée grâce, par exemple, à un insert métallique refroidi muni d'une fente, intercalé entre eux. L'obtention d'une lubrification satisfaisante sur toute la hauteur de l'élément métallique (celui-ci a habituellement une longueur de l'ordre de 700 mm) est cependant problématique. En effet, la température très élevée au lieu d'injection entraîne un craquage partiel de l'huile, et le dégagement de gaz (CO et méthane essentiellement) qui en résulte doit rester limité pour ne pas provoquer de bouillonnement du métal dans la lingotière. On ne peut donc injecter qu'un débit d'huile relativement modéré, car une augmentation de ce débit jusqu'à une valeur qui serait suffisante pour lubrifier correctement la lingotière de haut en bas conduirait à un dégagement gazeux d'une intensité intolérable. On est donc conduit à compléter cette injection d'huile au niveau de la jonction rehausse-élément métallique par une injection supplémentaire effectuée dans la partie inférieure de l'élément métallique. Il est ainsi assuré que la lubrification des dernières dizaines de centimètres de la lingotière sera correcte, mais cela complique encore un peu plus la construction de la lingotière.Among these two methods, the first cannot be transposed to the case of load casting. The powder which must be deposited on the surface of the metal in the enhancer to protect the metal and catch the inclusions cannot reach the upper edge of the metallic element, where the solidification of the skin begins, and therefore has no role in lubrication. On the other hand, it is not conceivable to inject powder at the junction between the riser and the metallic element, because one would cause pollution of the metal by the fraction of the powder which, inevitably, would be entrained within it. It is therefore chosen to provide lubrication of the mold by an injection of oil carried out on the internal periphery of the metal element, in the vicinity of its junction with the extension. It is achieved thanks, for example, to a cooled metal insert provided with a slot, interposed between them. Obtaining satisfactory lubrication over the entire height of the metal element (the latter usually has a length of the order of 700 mm) is problematic, however. Indeed, the very high temperature at the injection site causes a partial cracking of the oil, and the evolution of gas (CO and methane essentially) which results therefrom must remain limited so as not to cause bubbling of the metal in the ingot mold. It is therefore only possible to inject a relatively moderate flow rate of oil, since an increase in this flow rate to a value which would be sufficient to properly lubricate the ingot mold from top to bottom would lead to a gassing of intolerable intensity. It is therefore necessary to complete this oil injection at the level of the metal element-raising junction with an additional injection carried out in the lower part of the metal element. It is thus ensured that the lubrication of the last tens of centimeters of the mold will be correct, but this further complicates the construction of the mold.

Le but de l'invention est de proposer une méthode permettant de réaliser une lubrification optimale de l'ensemble de la partie métallique refroidie de la lingotière de toute installation de coulée continue, en ce qu'elle rendrait possible dans tous les cas l'utilisation d'un lubrifiant liquide sur une coulée continue classique, et en ce qu'elle simplifierait la conception des lingotières de coulée continue en charge.The object of the invention is to propose a method allowing optimal lubrication of the whole of the cooled metal part of the ingot mold of any continuous casting installation, in that it would make possible in all cases the use of a liquid lubricant on a conventional continuous casting, and in that it would simplify the design of the molds for continuous casting under load.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un procédé de lubrification d'une lingotière de coulée continue d'un produit métallique du type comportant un élément tubulaire métallique oscillant verticalement énergiquement refroidi, définissant un passage pour le métal coulé, et destiné à provoquer au contact de sa paroi dans ledit passage la solidification dudit produit métallique, selon lequel on effectue une injection d'un lubrifiant à l'état liquide à travers ledit élément tubulaire métallique en direction dudit produit métallique en cours de solidification, caractérisé en ce que ladite injection est effectuée en des points répartis annulairement sur un niveau unique dudit élément tubulaire, ledit niveau étant situé à une distance supérieure à 20 cm du niveau le plus bas où est susceptible de s'initier la solidification dudit produit, et en ce que le débit dudit lubrifiant est suffisant pour provoquer une remontée d'une fraction dudit lubrifiant le long de ladite paroi jusqu'au niveau où s'initie effectivement la solidification dudit produit.To this end, the subject of the invention is a method of lubricating a mold for continuous casting of a metallic product of the type comprising a metallic tubular element oscillating vertically energetically cooled, defining a passage for the cast metal, and intended to cause in contact with its wall in said passage the solidification of said metallic product, according to which an injection of a lubricant in the liquid state is carried out through said metallic tubular element in the direction of said metallic product in the course of solidification, characterized in that said injection is carried out at points distributed annularly on a single level of said tubular element, said level being located at a distance greater than 20 cm from the lowest level where the solidification of said product is likely to be initiated, and in that the flow rate of said lubricant is sufficient to cause a rise of a fraction of said lubricant along from said wall to the level where the solidification of said product actually begins.

L'invention a également pour objet une lingotière pour une installation de coulée continue de produits métalliques, du type comportant un élément tubulaire métallique énergiquement refroidi, définissant un passage pour le métal coulé, et destiné à provoquer au contact de sa paroi dans ledit passage la solidification dudit produit métallique, des moyens pour faire osciller verticalement ladite lingotière, et des moyens pour effectuer une injection d'un lubrifiant à l'état liquide à travers ledit élément tubulaire métallique en direction dudit produit métallique en cours de solidification, caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens sont placés à un niveau unique dudit élément tubulaire métallique, ledit niveau étant situé à une distance supérieure à 20 cm du niveau le plus bas où est susceptible de s'initier la solidification dudit produit.The invention also relates to an ingot mold for a continuous casting installation of metallic products, of the type comprising an energetically cooled metallic tubular element, defining a passage for the cast metal, and intended to cause contact with its wall in said passage. solidification of said metallic product, means for vertically oscillating said ingot mold, and means for injecting a lubricant in the liquid state through said metallic tubular element in the direction of said metallic product being solidified, characterized in that said means are placed at a single level of said metallic tubular element, said level being located at a distance greater than 20 cm from the lowest level where the solidification of said product is likely to be initiated.

Comme on l'aura compris, l'invention consiste à localiser l'injection de lubrifiant liquide à un niveau de la lingotière situé très sensiblement plus bas que le niveau où débute la solidification du produit coulé, et non à ce niveau lui-même. Les inventeurs ont, en effet, constaté que les mouvements verticaux d'oscillation de la lingotière pouvaient être suffisants pour provoquer une remontée importante d'une fraction du lubrifiant le long des parois de l'élément métallique refroidi. En ajustant de manière adéquate le lieu et les paramètres de l'injection du lubrifiant, il est donc possible d'en faire parvenir une quantité significative jusqu'au niveau où débute la solidification, et d'assurer ainsi une lubrification satisfaisante de la lingotière sur l'ensemble de la hauteur de son élément métallique refroidi rien qu'avec cette injection. Cette quantité doit, d'autre part, être assez modérée pour ne pas provoquer de dégagements gazeux rédhibitoires dans la lingotière. Sur une coulée continue classique, on n'utilise alors plus la poudre de couverture pour cette fonction de lubrification et on peut donc optimiser sa composition pour lui faire remplir au mieux ses fonctions de piégeage des inclusions et de protection de la surface du métal liquide. Sur une coulée continue en charge, il n'est plus nécessaire de pratiquer une injection de lubrifiant liquide à plusieurs niveaux de l'élément refroidi de la lingotière, ce qui simplifie notablement sa conception.As will be understood, the invention consists in locating the injection of liquid lubricant at a level of the mold located very substantially lower than the level at which the solidification of the cast product begins, and not at this level itself. The inventors have in fact found that the vertical movements of oscillation of the mold could be sufficient to cause a significant rise of a fraction of the lubricant along the walls of the cooled metallic element. By appropriately adjusting the location and parameters of the lubricant injection, it is therefore possible to send a significant quantity of it to the level where solidification begins, and thus ensure satisfactory lubrication of the mold on the entire height of its cooled metal element just with this injection. This quantity must, on the other hand, be moderate enough not to cause unacceptable gas emissions in the mold. On a conventional continuous casting, the covering powder is no longer used for this lubrication function and it is therefore possible to optimize its composition to make it best fulfill its functions of trapping inclusions and protecting the surface of the liquid metal. On a casting continuous under load, it is no longer necessary to inject liquid lubricant at several levels of the cooled element of the mold, which considerably simplifies its design.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit, faisant référence aux figures annexées:

  • la figure 1 qui représente schématiquement, vue en section longitudinale une installation de coulée continue en charge des métaux équipée d'une lingotière selon l'invention;
  • la figure 2 qui représente de la même façon une installation de coulée continue classique équipée d'une lingotière selon l'invention;
  • la figure 3 qui représente plus en détail un exemple d'élément tubulaire métallique d'une lingotière selon l'invention.
The invention will be better understood on reading the following description, referring to the appended figures:
  • Figure 1 which shows schematically, seen in longitudinal section a continuous casting installation in charge of metals equipped with an ingot mold according to the invention;
  • FIG. 2 which likewise represents a conventional continuous casting installation equipped with an ingot mold according to the invention;
  • Figure 3 which shows in more detail an example of a metallic tubular element of an ingot mold according to the invention.

La lingotière 1 représentée sur la figure 1 est, comme il est classique en coulée continue en charge de l'acier ou d'autres métaux, composée de deux éléments superposés. Le principal est un élément tubulaire métallique 2 en cuivre ou alliage de cuivre, dont la surface interne 3 définit un passage 4 de dimensions identiques à celles du produit que l'on désire couler, et de section transversale ronde, carrée ou rectangulaire. Cet élément tubulaire métallique 2 peut être constitué d'une pièce unique (c'est le plus souvent le cas pour la coulée de ronds, de billettes et de blooms d'acier), ou être formé par un assemblage de plaques dont chacune correspond à une face de la lingotière 1 (cas général pour la coulée de brames d'acier). De manière classique, l'élément tubulaire métallique 2 est refroidi par une circulation d'eau 5, ménagée par exemple entre sa surface externe 6 et une chemise 7 qui l'entoure. Sur le bord supérieur 8 de l'élément tubulaire métallique 2 est fixé le deuxième élément de la lingotière, à savoir une rehausse 9 formée par un élément tubulaire en un matériau réfractaire tel qu'un mélange alumine-silice à 90-10 %. La surface interne 10 de la rehausse 9 définit un passage 11 situé dans le prolongement du passage 4 défini par la surface interne 3 de l'élément tubulaire métallique 2. Dans l'exemple représenté, ces deux passages 4 et 11 ont les mêmes dimensions, mais on peut prévoir que l'un d'entre eux ait une taille plus réduite que l'autre, pour rendre plus franc le début de la solidification du produit coulé. De manière également bien connue, une busette immergée 12 connectée à un répartiteur non représenté renfermant le métal liquide 13 à couler amène ce dernier dans le passage 11 interne à la rehausse 9. Celle-ci étant en un matériau thermoisolant, la solidification du métal liquide 13 ne se produit pas significativement sur ses parois., et ne débute que lorsque le métal liquide 13 entre en contact avec la surface interne 3 de l'élément métallique refroidi 2, soit au niveau du bord supérieur 8 dudit élément 2. Cette solidification aboutit à la formation d'une croûte d'acier solidifié 14, d'épaisseur croissante au fur et à mesure que l'on descend dans la lingotière 1, entourant le coeur 15 encore liquide du produit coulé 16. Ce produit 16 est extrait en continu de la lingotière 1 par un dispositif connu non représenté, installé dans les étages inférieurs de la machine. Le refroidissement du produit 16, après sa sortie de la lingotière 1 à l'état partiellement solidifié, se poursuit classiquement grâce à un dispositif non représenté d'aspersion par des jets d'eau ou d'un mélange eau/air de sa surface extérieure, dont l'action débute immédiatement sous la lingotière 1 et se poursuit sur une longueur de quelques mètres. Le produit 1 achève ensuite sa solidification et son refroidissement par simple convection et rayonnement. La lingotière 1 comporte également, de manière classique, un dispositif non représenté permettant d'imprimer à son ensemble des mouvements d'oscillation verticaux selon la flèche 17. Ces oscillations peuvent être sinusoïdales ou obéir à une loi plus complexe. Elles ont habituellement une fréquence de quelques Hz, et une amplitude de quelques mm.The mold 1 shown in Figure 1 is, as is conventional in continuous casting in charge of steel or other metals, composed of two superimposed elements. The main one is a metallic tubular element 2 made of copper or copper alloy, the internal surface 3 of which defines a passage 4 of dimensions identical to those of the product which it is desired to pour, and of round, square or rectangular cross section. This metallic tubular element 2 can consist of a single piece (this is most often the case for the casting of rounds, billets and steel blooms), or be formed by an assembly of plates, each of which corresponds to one face of the mold 1 (general case for the casting of steel slabs). Conventionally, the metallic tubular element 2 is cooled by a circulation of water 5, formed for example between its external surface 6 and a jacket 7 which surrounds it. On the upper edge 8 of the metallic tubular element 2 is fixed the second element of the ingot mold, namely an extension 9 formed by a tubular element in a refractory material such as a 90-10% alumina-silica mixture. The internal surface 10 of the extension 9 defines a passage 11 situated in the extension of the passage 4 defined by the internal surface 3 of the metallic tubular element 2. In the example shown, these two passages 4 and 11 have the same dimensions, but it can be provided that one of them has a smaller size than the other, to make the start of solidification of the cast product more frank. Also well known, a submerged nozzle 12 connected to a distributor (not shown) containing the liquid metal 13 to flow causes the latter in the internal passage 11 to the riser 9. The latter being made of a heat-insulating material, the solidification of the liquid metal 13 does not occur significantly on its walls., And does not start until the liquid metal 13 comes into contact with the internal surface 3 of the cooled metal element 2, ie at the upper edge 8 of said element 2. This solidification results to the formation of a solidified steel crust 14, of increasing thickness as one descends into the mold 1, surrounding the core 15 still liquid from the cast product 16. This product 16 is continuously extracted from the ingot mold 1 by a known device not shown, installed in the lower stages of the machine. The cooling of the product 16, after it leaves the mold 1 in the partially solidified state, conventionally continues using a device (not shown) for spraying with water jets or a water / air mixture from its external surface. , whose action begins immediately under the mold 1 and continues over a length of a few meters. Product 1 then completes its solidification and cooling by simple convection and radiation. The ingot mold 1 also comprises, in a conventional manner, a device not shown making it possible to print vertical oscillation movements as a whole according to arrow 17. These oscillations can be sinusoidal or obey a more complex law. They usually have a frequency of a few Hz, and an amplitude of a few mm.

La lingotière 1 comporte également un dispositif assurant la lubrification de la surface interne 3 de l'élément tubulaire métallique refroidi 2, par injection sur le pourtour de cette surface d'un liquide lubrifiant, tel que de l'huile, destiné à s'intercaler entre cette surface 3 et la croûte solidifiée 14 du produit 16. Mais contrairement à la pratique habituelle où cette injection a lieu au sommet de l'élément métallique 2 et également dans la partie inférieure de ce même élément, selon l'invention l'injection de liquide lubrifiant n'est effectuée qu'à un niveau unique, éloigné de plus de 20 cm du bord supérieur 8 de l'élément métallique refroidi 2. Cette injection est effectuée par des canaux 18, 19 ménagés dans les parois de l'élément métallique 2, et conduisant le lubrifiant jusqu'à des orifices 20, 21 débouchant sur la surface interne 3 de cet élément 2, de manière à le répartir sur tout le pourtour de la croûte solidifiée 14 du produit 16. Le lubrifiant est lui-même amené dans les canaux 18, 19 par des moyens non représentés connectés aux orifices inférieurs 22, 23 des canaux 18, 19, débouchant sur le bord inférieur 24 de l'élément métallique refroidi 2.The ingot mold 1 also comprises a device ensuring the lubrication of the internal surface 3 of the cooled metallic tubular element 2, by injection on the periphery of this surface of a lubricating liquid, such as oil, intended to be inserted between this surface 3 and the solidified crust 14 of the product 16. But unlike the usual practice where this injection takes place at the top of the metal element 2 and also in the lower part of this same element, according to the invention the injection of lubricating liquid is only carried out at a single level, more than 20 cm away from the upper edge 8 of the cooled metal element 2. This injection is carried out through channels 18, 19 formed in the walls of the element metal 2, and leading the lubricant to orifices 20, 21 opening onto the internal surface 3 of this element 2, so as to distribute it over the entire periphery of the solidified crust 14 of the product 16. The lubricant is itself brought into the channels 18, 19 by means not shown connected to the lower orifices 22, 23 of the channels 18, 19, opening onto the lower edge 24 of the cooled metallic element 2.

Comme dans les autres installations de coulée continue en charge, il est souhaitable de recouvrir la surface du métal liquide 13 présent dans la lingotière 1 par une poudre de couverture 25 qui n'a pas à assurer un rôle de lubrification de la surface interne 3 de l'élément métallique refroidi 2. Il est donc plus aisé d'optimiser sa composition pour qu'elle joue au mieux ses rôles de protection du métal 13 contre les réoxydations et de piégeage des inclusions non-métalliques.As in the other continuous casting plants under load, it is desirable to cover the surface of the liquid metal 13 present in the mold 1 with a covering powder 25 which does not have to perform a role of lubrication of the internal surface 3 of the cooled metallic element 2. It is therefore easier to optimize its composition so that it best plays its roles of protecting the metal 13 against reoxidation and trapping non-metallic inclusions.

L'installation de coulée continue classique selon l'invention représentée sur la figure 2 a ses éléments équivalents aux éléments de même nature et de même fonction de l'installation de la figure 1 repérés par les mêmes références. Cette installation se distingue de la précédente en ce que l'élément tubulaire métallique refroidi 2 constitue l'intégralité de la face interne de la lingotière 1. Il n'y a donc plus de rehausse thermoisolante. La surface du métal liquide 15 présent dans la lingotière 1 est maintenue en-dessous du bord supérieur 8 de l'élément métallique 2, et c'est à son niveau que débute la solidification de la croûte 14 du produit 16. Comme précédemment, selon l'invention la lubrification de la face interne de la lingotière 1 est entièrement assurée par une injection de liquide lubrifiant effectuée à distance du niveau où s'initie la solidification de la croûte 14. Pour que, dans tous les cas d'utilisation de l'installation de coulée, on n'observe pas de craquage excessif du lubrifiant, il faut que cette injection soit effectuée au moins à 20 cm en-dessous de la surface du métal liquide 15. Il faut donc placer le dispositif d'injection de lubrifiant au moins 20 cm en-dessous du niveau le plus bas où est susceptible de débuter la solidification du produit 16. Il faut également injecter le lubrifiant à un débit tel que, compte tenu des autres conditions opératoires, à tout instant une fraction significative du lubrifiant remonte le long des parois de l'élément tubulaire refroidi 2 jusqu'au niveau où débute effectivement la solidification du produit 16.The conventional continuous casting installation according to the invention shown in FIG. 2 has its elements equivalent to elements of the same nature and of the same function of the installation in FIG. 1 identified by the same references. This installation differs from the previous one in that the cooled metallic tubular element 2 constitutes the entire internal face of the ingot mold 1. There is therefore no longer any heat insulating enhancement. The surface of the liquid metal 15 present in the mold 1 is maintained below the upper edge 8 of the metal element 2, and it is at its level that the solidification of the crust 14 of the product begins. As before, according to the invention the lubrication of the internal face of the ingot mold 1 is entirely ensured by an injection of lubricating liquid carried out at a distance from the level at which the solidification of the crust is initiated 14. So that, in all cases of use of the casting installation, no cracking is observed excessive lubricant, this injection must be carried out at least 20 cm below the surface of the liquid metal 15. It is therefore necessary to place the lubricant injection device at least 20 cm below the lowest level where solidification of the product is likely to begin 16. The lubricant must also be injected at a rate such that, taking into account the other operating conditions, at any time a significant fraction of the lubricant rises along the sides. of the cooled tubular element 2 to the level where the solidification of the product 16 actually begins.

L'intérêt essentiel d'une telle solution technique, en coulée continue classique, est d'autoriser l'utilisation d'une poudre de couverture 25 dont la composition est particulièrement adaptée au piégeage des inclusions et à l'isolation du métal liquide 15 de l'atmosphère, puisqu'elle n'a pas à assurer la lubrification de la lingotière 1. Une telle adaptation conduit au choix d'une poudre 25 présentant à son interface avec le métal liquide 15 une moindre fluidité que celle qui serait nécessaire sur une coulée continue classique traditionnelle.The essential advantage of such a technical solution, in conventional continuous casting, is to authorize the use of a covering powder 25, the composition of which is particularly suitable for trapping inclusions and for isolating the liquid metal 15 from the atmosphere, since it does not have to ensure the lubrication of the ingot mold 1. Such an adaptation leads to the choice of a powder 25 having at its interface with the liquid metal 15 a less fluidity than that which would be necessary on a traditional classic continuous casting.

La figure 3 présente une vue plus détaillée d'un exemple non limitatif de réalisation de l'élément métallique 2 de la lingotière 1, débarrassé de la chemise 7 qui l'entoure lorsqu'il est installé dans la machine de coulée. Cet exemple est adapté à la coulée de produits sidérurgiques de section transversale carrée de 155 mm de côté. Dans cet exemple, on voit que les canaux 18, 18' d'amenée du lubrifiant sont constitués par des rainures longitudinales usinées sur la surface externe 6 de l'élément métallique 2 dans le prolongement de perçages pratiqués dans son bord inférieur 24 qui constituent les orifices inférieurs 22, 22', 23, 23' des canaux 18, 18', 19. Ces canaux 18, 18', 19 débouchent chacun, à leur extrémité supérieure, dans une chambre de distribution 25, 25' constituée par un évidement usiné transversalement au canal 18, 18', 19 correspondant sur la surface externe 6 de l'élément métallique 2, et qui s'étend jusqu'à proximité des arêtes 26, 27, 28 dudit élément 2. Le fond de chacune de ces chambres de distribution 25, 25' est percé d'une multiplicité de petits trous 20, 20', 21 qui débouchent sur la face interne 3 de l'élément métallique 2 et constituent les orifices précités qui amènent le lubrifiant entre l'élément métallique 2 et la croûte solidifiée 14 du produit coulé 16. Les canaux 18, 18', 19 et les chambres de distribution 25, 25', après leur usinage, sont refermés de manière étanche par des couvercles (non représentés) qui so fixés sur la face externe 6 de l'élément métallique 2, par exemple grâce à un soudage par faisceau d'électrons. Cette méthode de fixation a l'avantage d'autoriser l'application d'ultrasons à la lingotière 1 sans détérioration de l'étanchéité des liaisons couvercle-élément métallique 2, ce qui ne serait pas possible si cette fixation était réalisée à l'aide de vis. On rappelle que les ultrasons peuvent, de manière connue, contribuer à améliorer la lubrification de la lingotière 1 et accroître l'efficacité de son système de refroidissement.FIG. 3 presents a more detailed view of a nonlimiting example of embodiment of the metal element 2 of the mold 1, freed from the jacket 7 which surrounds it when it is installed in the casting machine. This example is suitable for the casting of steel products with a square cross section of 155 mm side. In this example, it can be seen that the lubricant supply channels 18, 18 ′ are formed by longitudinal grooves machined on the external surface 6 of the metal element 2 in the extension of holes made in its lower edge 24 which constitute the lower orifices 22, 22 ', 23, 23' of the channels 18, 18 ', 19. These channels 18, 18', 19 each open, at their upper end, into a distribution chamber 25, 25 'constituted by a machined recess transversely to the channel 18, 18 ′, 19 corresponding on the external surface 6 of the metal element 2, and which extends up to the proximity of the edges 26, 27, 28 of said element 2. The bottom of each of these chambers distribution 25, 25 'is pierced with a multiplicity of small holes 20, 20', 21 which open on the internal face 3 of the metallic element 2 and constitute the aforementioned orifices which bring the lubricant between the metallic element 2 and the solidified rind 14 of the product t cast 16. The channels 18, 18 ', 19 and the distribution chambers 25, 25', after their machining, are closed in leaktight manner by covers (not shown) which are fixed to the external face 6 of the element metallic 2, for example through electron beam welding. This fixing method has the advantage of authorizing the application of ultrasound to the mold 1 without deterioration of the tightness of the cover-metal element connections 2, which would not be possible if this fixing was carried out using quote. It will be recalled that ultrasound can, in known manner, contribute to improving the lubrication of the mold 1 and increase the efficiency of its cooling system.

Préférentiellement, de fines rainures longitudinales 29 sont ménagées sur la face interne 3 de l'élément métallique 2, entre son bord inférieur 24 et les chambres de distribution 25, 25' du lubrifiant, au droit des orifices 20, 20', 21. Ces rainures facilitent l'évacuation des excès de liquide lubrifiant et des gaz résultant de son craquage vers la partie inférieure de la lingotière 2.Preferably, fine longitudinal grooves 29 are formed on the internal face 3 of the metal element 2, between its lower edge 24 and the distribution chambers 25, 25 'of the lubricant, in line with the orifices 20, 20', 21. These grooves facilitate the evacuation of excess lubricating liquid and gases resulting from its cracking towards the lower part of the mold 2.

A titre d'exemple, les principales caractéristiques dimensionnelles des divers éléments que l'on vient de citer peuvent être:

  • longueur de l'élément métallique 2: 700 mm;
  • section intérieure de l'élement métallique 2: carré de 155 mm de côté;
  • épaisseur de la paroi de l'élément métallique 2: 11 mm;
  • largeur des canaux 18, 18', 19 et diamètre de leurs orifices inférieurs 22, 22', 23, 23': 3 mm;
  • distances entre les chambres de distribution 25, 25' et les arêtes de l'élément métallique 2: 10 mm;
  • diamètre des orifices 20, 20', 21 d'amenée du lubrifiant sur la face interne de l'élément métallique 2: 0,5 mm;
  • nombre de ces orifices 20, 20', 21: 28 pour chaque chambre de distribution 25, 25';
  • distance entre ces orifices 20, 20', 21 et le bord supérieur 8 de l'élément métallique 2: 350 mm;
  • dimensions des rainures longitudinales 29 d'évacuation du lubrifiant vers le bas de l'élément métallique 2: largeur 0,5 mm, profondeur 1 mm.
By way of example, the main dimensional characteristics of the various elements that have just been mentioned can be:
  • length of the metal element 2: 700 mm;
  • inner section of the metallic element 2: square of 155 mm side;
  • thickness of the wall of the metallic element 2: 11 mm;
  • width of the channels 18, 18 ', 19 and diameter of their lower orifices 22, 22', 23, 23 ': 3 mm;
  • distances between the distribution chambers 25, 25 'and the edges of the metallic element 2: 10 mm;
  • diameter of the orifices 20, 20 ′, 21 for supplying the lubricant to the internal face of the metallic element 2: 0.5 mm;
  • number of these orifices 20, 20 ', 21: 28 for each distribution chamber 25, 25';
  • distance between these orifices 20, 20 ′, 21 and the upper edge 8 of the metallic element 2: 350 mm;
  • dimensions of the longitudinal grooves 29 for discharging the lubricant down from the metal element 2: width 0.5 mm, depth 1 mm.

Comme on l'a dit, l'invention est fondée sur la constatation que sous l'effet des oscillations de la lingotière 1, une partie du liquide lubrifiant a la possibilité de remonter le long des parois de l'élément tubulaire métallique 2 sur une hauteur qui peut être relativement importante. Il est donc possible de réaliser la lubrification de l'ensemble de la hauteur de l'élément tubulaire refroidi 2 de la lingotière 1 à l'aide d'une injection de lubrifiant effectuée à un niveau unique, si son débit est suffisant compte tenu des autres conditions opératoires. Il faut, à cet effet, situer le niveau de l'injection de liquide lubrifiant en un lieu adapté, c'est à dire:

  • suffisamment éloigné de l'extrémité supérieure 8 de l'élément refroidi 2, où s'initie la solidification de la croûte 14, afin d'éliminer les risques d'un craquage important du lubrifiant, que l'invention vise précisément à éviter;
  • mais aussi suffisamment proche de cette même extrémité pour qu'une quantité adéquate de lubrifiant puisse y parvenir, compte tenu des autres conditions opératoires.
As said, the invention is based on the observation that under the effect of the oscillations of the mold 1, part of the lubricating liquid has the possibility of rising along the walls of the metallic tubular element 2 on a height which can be relatively large. It is therefore possible to carry out the lubrication of the entire height of the cooled tubular element 2 of the mold 1 using a lubricant injection carried out at a single level, if its flow is sufficient taking into account the other operating conditions. For this purpose, the level of the injection of lubricating liquid must be located in a suitable place, i.e.:
  • sufficiently distant from the upper end 8 of the cooled element 2, where the solidification of the crust 14 is initiated, in order to eliminate the risks of significant cracking of the lubricant, which the invention aims precisely to avoid;
  • but also close enough to this same end so that an adequate quantity of lubricant can reach it, taking into account the other operating conditions.

Les paramètres à prendre en compte pour la détermination du lieu optimal d'injection du lubrifiant dans une lingotière de format donné sont essentiellement la vitesse de coulée du produit 16, l'amplitude et la fréquence des oscillations de la lingotière 1 et le débit de lubrifiant injecté. Toutes choses étant égales par ailleurs, le lubrifiant remonte le long de l'élément métallique 2 sur une hauteur d'autant plus importante que son débit est élevé et que la vitesse de coulée est faible. La lingotière 1 doit donc être conçue pour que, rien qu'en jouant sur le débit de lubrifiant, il soit possible d'obtenir une lubrification correcte de l'ensemble de la lingotière 1 pour toutes les conditions opératoires dans lesquelles elle est susceptible d'être utilisée.The parameters to be taken into account for the determination of the optimal place of injection of the lubricant in a mold of given format are essentially the speed of casting of the product 16, the amplitude and the frequency of the oscillations of the mold 1 and the flow of lubricant injected. All other things being equal, the lubricant rises along the metallic element 2 over a height which is all the more important as its flow rate is high and the speed of casting is low. The ingot mold 1 must therefore be designed so that, just by acting on the flow of lubricant, it is possible to obtain correct lubrication of the whole of the ingot mold 1 for all the operating conditions under which it is capable of be used.

On pourrait penser à injecter le lubrifiant à une distance relativement proche du lieu où s'initie la solidification du produit 16 (inférieure à 20 cm), et à n'en injecter qu'une quantité réduite pour éviter que les phénomènes de craquage prennent une ampleur excessive. Mais cette quantité de lubrifiant ne serait plus suffisante pour assurer dans tous les cas d'utilisation une lubrification satisfaisante de l'ensemble de la partie basse de la lingotière 1. Il faudrait alors également injecter du lubrifiant à un deuxième niveau situé dans cette partie basse, ce qui enlèverait une grande partie de son intérêt à la solution préconisée.One could think of injecting the lubricant at a distance relatively close to the place where the solidification of product 16 is initiated (less than 20 cm), and of injecting only a reduced amount of it to avoid cracking phenomena taking on a excessive scale. However, this quantity of lubricant would no longer be sufficient to ensure in all cases of use satisfactory lubrication of the whole of the lower part of the ingot mold 1. It would then also be necessary to inject lubricant at a second level located in this lower part , which would remove much of his interest in the recommended solution.

Dans la pratique, pour la lingotière précédemment décrite de section carrée de 155 mm de côté utilisée sur une coulée continue en charge, on a constaté que, pour une vitesse de coulée du produit de 1,5 m/min, des oscillations de fréquence 3 Hz et d'amplitude 2,5 mm, si les orifices 20, 20', 21 d'injection du lubrifiant sont placés à 350 mm du bord supérieur 8 de l'élément métallique 2, il faut injecter environ 12,5 cm3 d'huile par minute sur chaque face de la lingotière pour que l'huile puisse remonter jusqu'au niveau souhaité. Un débit d'huile limité à 10 cm3 par minute et par face ne provoquerait, dans ces mêmes conditions, qu'une remontée de l'huile sur une distance de 250 mm, ce qui serait insuffisant pour lubrifier la partie haute de l'élément métallique 2. Mais si on abaisse la vitesse de coulée à 1 m/min, un débit d'huile de 7 cm3 par minute et par face est suffisant pour lubrifier l'ensemble de l'élément métallique 2.In practice, for the previously described ingot mold with a square section of 155 mm side used on continuous laden casting, it has been found that, for a product casting speed of 1.5 m / min, frequency oscillations 3 Hz and amplitude 2.5 mm, if the holes 20, 20 ', 21 for injecting the lubricant are placed 350 mm from the upper edge 8 of the metal element 2, approximately 12.5 cm 3 must be injected d oil per minute on each side of the mold so that the oil can rise to the desired level. An oil flow limited to 10 cm 3 per minute and per side would, under these same conditions, only cause the oil to rise over a distance of 250 mm, which would be insufficient to lubricate the upper part of the metallic element 2. But if the casting speed is lowered to 1 m / min, an oil flow of 7 cm 3 per minute and per side is sufficient to lubricate the entire metallic element 2.

Bien entendu; sans sortir de l'esprit de l'invention, il est possible d'imaginer des variantes d'exécution des lingotières qui viennent d'être décrites. En particulier il faut comprendre que les moyens d'amenée du lubrifiant peuvent prendre une forme différente de celle exemplifiée. D'autre part, il est clair que l'invention peut être appliquée à la coulée continue de tous métaux, et pas seulement à celle de l'acier.Of course; Without departing from the spirit of the invention, it is possible to imagine alternative embodiments of the molds which have just been described. In particular, it should be understood that the means of supplying the lubricant can take a form different from that exemplified. On the other hand, it is clear that the invention can be applied to the continuous casting of all metals, and not only to that of steel.

Claims (6)

Procédé de lubrification d'une lingotière de coulée continue d'un produit métallique du type comportant un élément tubulaire métallique oscillant verticalement énergiquement refroidi, définissant un passage pour le métal coulé, et destiné à provoquer au contact de sa paroi dans ledit passage la solidification dudit produit métallique, selon lequel on effectue une injection d'un lubrifiant à l'état liquide à travers ledit élément tubulaire métallique en direction dudit produit métallique en cours de solidification, caractérisé en ce que ladite injection est effectuée en des points répartis annulairement sur un niveau unique dudit élément tubulaire, ledit niveau étant situé à une distance supérieure à 20 cm du niveau le plus bas où est susceptible de s'initier la solidification dudit produit, et en ce que le débit dudit lubrifiant est suffisant pour provoquer une remontée d'une fraction dudit lubrifiant le long de ladite paroi jusqu'au niveau où s'initie effectivement la solidification dudit produit.Method of lubricating an ingot mold for continuous casting of a metallic product of the type comprising a metallic tubular element oscillating vertically energetically cooled, defining a passage for the cast metal, and intended to cause the contact of its wall in said passage the solidification of said metallic product, according to which an injection of a lubricant in the liquid state is carried out through said metallic tubular element in the direction of said metallic product being solidified, characterized in that said injection is carried out at points distributed annularly on a level single of said tubular element, said level being located at a distance greater than 20 cm from the lowest level where the solidification of said product is likely to be initiated, and in that the flow rate of said lubricant is sufficient to cause a rise of a fraction of said lubricant along said wall to the level where it starts actually tie the solidification of said product. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite lingotière comporte une rehausse tubulaire en un matériau thermiquement isolant, disposée sur le bord supérieur dudit élément tubulaire métallique refroidi et dans son prolongement, en ce qu'on maintient la surface du métal coulé dans la lingotière à l'intérieur de ladite rehausse, et en ce qu'une fraction dudit lubrifiant remonte jusqu'au bord supérieur dudit élément tubulaire métallique refroidi.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that said ingot mold comprises a tubular extension of a thermally insulating material, disposed on the upper edge of said cooled metallic tubular element and in its extension, in that the surface of the metal cast in the ingot mold inside said extension, and in that a fraction of said lubricant goes up to the upper edge of said cooled metallic tubular element. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit lubrifiant est de l'huile.Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said lubricant is oil. Lingotière (1) pour une installation de coulée continue de produits métalliques (16), du type comportant un élément tubulaire métallique (2) énergiquement refroidi, définissant un passage (4) pour le métal coulé, et destiné à provoquer au contact de sa paroi (3) dans ledit passage (4) la solidification dudit produit métallique (16), des moyens pour faire osciller verticalement ladite lingotière (1), et des moyens pour effectuer une injection d'un lubrifiant à l'état liquide à travers ledit élément tubulaire métallique (2) en direction dudit produit métallique (16) en cours de solidification, caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens sont placés à un niveau unique dudit élément tubulaire métallique (2), ledit niveau étant situé à une distance supérieure à 20 cm du niveau le plus bas où est susceptible de s'initier la solidification dudit produit (16).Ingot mold (1) for a continuous casting installation for metallic products (16), of the type comprising an energetically cooled metallic tubular element (2), defining a passage (4) for the cast metal, and intended to cause contact with its wall (3) in said passage (4) solidifying said metallic product (16), means for vertically oscillating said ingot mold (1), and means for injecting a lubricant in the liquid state through said element metallic tubular (2) in the direction of said metallic product (16) being solidified, characterized in that said means are placed at a single level of said metallic tubular element (2), said level being located at a distance greater than 20 cm from the lowest level where solidification of said product is likely to be initiated (16). Lingotière selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte une rehausse tubulaire (9) en un matériau thermiquement isolant, disposée sur le bord supérieur (8) dudit élément tubulaire métallique refroidi (2) et dans son prolongement, et en ce que lesdits moyens d'injection d'un lubrifiant à l'état liquide sont situés à au moins 20 cm en-dessous dudit bord supérieur (8).Ingot mold according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises a tubular extension (9) made of a thermally insulating material, disposed on the upper edge (8) of said cooled metallic tubular element (2) and in its extension, and in that said means for injecting a lubricant in the liquid state are located at least 20 cm below said upper edge (8). Lingotière selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens d'injection d'un lubrifiant à l'état liquide comprennent des canaux (18, 18', 19) ménagés dans les parois de l'élément tubulaire métallique (2), et débouchant chacun dans une chambre de distribution (25, 25') percée d'une multiplicité de trous (20, 20') débouchant sur la face interne (3) de l'élément tubulaire métallique (2), et des moyens pour amener ledit lubrifiant dans lesdits canaux (18, 18', 19).Ingot mold according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that said means for injecting a lubricant in the liquid state comprise channels (18, 18 ', 19) formed in the walls of the metallic tubular element (2) , and each opening into a distribution chamber (25, 25 ') pierced with a multiplicity of holes (20, 20') opening onto the internal face (3) of the metallic tubular element (2), and means for bringing said lubricant into said channels (18, 18 ', 19).
EP96400896A 1995-05-17 1996-04-26 Process for the lubrication of the walls of a continuous casting mould for metals and mould for carrying out the process Expired - Lifetime EP0743114B2 (en)

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FR9505794A FR2734186B1 (en) 1995-05-17 1995-05-17 PROCESS FOR LUBRICATING THE WALLS OF A CONTINUOUS CASTING LINGOTIERE OF METALS AND LINGOTIERE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION
FR9505794 1995-05-17

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DE69610249D1 (en) 2000-10-19
CN1061575C (en) 2001-02-07
JPH09220645A (en) 1997-08-26
US5682942A (en) 1997-11-04
FR2734186B1 (en) 1997-06-13
ES2150084T5 (en) 2009-08-31
CA2176843C (en) 2008-01-08
EP0743114B2 (en) 2009-04-01
FR2734186A1 (en) 1996-11-22
ATE196269T1 (en) 2000-09-15
DE69610249T2 (en) 2001-04-26
CN1145287A (en) 1997-03-19
EP0743114B1 (en) 2000-09-13
KR960040510A (en) 1996-12-17
ES2150084T3 (en) 2000-11-16
DE69610249T3 (en) 2010-04-15
KR100371413B1 (en) 2003-04-08
CA2176843A1 (en) 1996-11-18

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