EP0723671A1 - Generateur de lumiere a enceinte reflechissante pour ensemble d'eclairage ou d'illumination mettant en uvre un guide de lumiere - Google Patents
Generateur de lumiere a enceinte reflechissante pour ensemble d'eclairage ou d'illumination mettant en uvre un guide de lumiereInfo
- Publication number
- EP0723671A1 EP0723671A1 EP95912945A EP95912945A EP0723671A1 EP 0723671 A1 EP0723671 A1 EP 0723671A1 EP 95912945 A EP95912945 A EP 95912945A EP 95912945 A EP95912945 A EP 95912945A EP 0723671 A1 EP0723671 A1 EP 0723671A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- generator according
- ellipsoid
- light
- enclosure
- generator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
- F21V7/0008—Reflectors for light sources providing for indirect lighting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- F21V29/15—Thermal insulation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
- F21V29/502—Cooling arrangements characterised by the adaptation for cooling of specific components
- F21V29/505—Cooling arrangements characterised by the adaptation for cooling of specific components of reflectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
- F21V29/70—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks
- F21V29/71—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks using a combination of separate elements interconnected by heat-conducting means, e.g. with heat pipes or thermally conductive bars between separate heat-sink elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
- F21V29/70—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks
- F21V29/74—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks with fins or blades
- F21V29/77—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks with fins or blades with essentially identical diverging planar fins or blades, e.g. with fan-like or star-like cross-section
- F21V29/773—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks with fins or blades with essentially identical diverging planar fins or blades, e.g. with fan-like or star-like cross-section the planes containing the fins or blades having the direction of the light emitting axis
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
- F21V29/70—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks
- F21V29/83—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks the elements having apertures, ducts or channels, e.g. heat radiation holes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
- F21V7/04—Optical design
- F21V7/09—Optical design with a combination of different curvatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0005—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being of the fibre type
- G02B6/0006—Coupling light into the fibre
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- F21W2131/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
- F21W2131/10—Outdoor lighting
- F21W2131/101—Outdoor lighting of tunnels or the like, e.g. under bridges
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- F21W2131/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
- F21W2131/10—Outdoor lighting
- F21W2131/103—Outdoor lighting of streets or roads
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the generation of a light beam with small angular aperture, its transmission and / or its distribution in lighting or illumination systems. It applies in particular, but not exclusively, to lighting over traffic or intervention zones, most often outside, by luminaires, but not exclusively, by luminaires with specific supports such as candelabras for public roads or industrial zones; they can also be luminaires integrated into supports having a different function, such as in traffic tunnels or facade luminaires ...
- the present invention relates to equipment for lighting from above an intervention circulation area, the light source is located near this area (at most at breast height) and whose head located at a distance in height relative to this same area is optically connected to the light source.
- equipment is known in particular from French patent application FR-91.08594 in an application to a street lighting candelabra. It will be recalled briefly that the head of the device described in this document includes a diffusion objective acting as a diffuser, connected to the candelabrum barrel by means of an orientation elbow.
- An optical fiber whose role is to transmit the light power from the light source to the diffuser is sheathed and encased in a metal support providing the rigidity necessary for the optical fiber which is flexible, given its small diameter.
- this placed in the base of the candelabrum, comprises a light source constituted by a discharge type lamp (of Xenon type or similar) placed at the focus of a parabolic reflector provided at its rear a cooling system.
- a discharge type lamp of Xenon type or similar
- the latter in one of the variants proposed, consists of cooling fins extending down the generator.
- an objective is maintained by a mount in the base of the candelabrum, above and coaxially with the reflector, and an adapter positions the end of the optical fiber in the axis of the parabolic reflector so as to collect the concentrated light beam by the objective.
- a parabolic reflector because the electric lamps currently available on the market are generally omnidirectional, or at least aim to be so, that is to say that they emit light in almost all directions.
- each ray of the beam forming with a preferred direction an angle less than a given angle, corresponding to the digital half-opening of the light guide when it comes to injecting light into it.
- the device of the prior art is designed to laterally dissipate the heat generated by the reflector.
- the foot made of a material which is a good thermal conductor is in direct contact with the cooling fins.
- the foot of the candelabrum is brought into direct contact with the parabolic reflector and the fins are arranged externally, extending vertically over the entire height of the foot around the reflector, with transverse holes. air circulation.
- the lamp for its part, has the disadvantage that, being a Xenon type discharge, it requires an expensive and bulky low voltage power supply.
- these discharge type lamps generally comprise two glass bulbs:
- an outer bulb generally containing an inert gas (nitrogen, etc.) which, on the one hand, has the role of thermally, mechanically and possibly chemically protecting the inner bulb and which, on the other hand, filters UV rays.
- an inert gas nitrogen, etc.
- This second bulb reduces the light output of the lamp, the light being forced to pass through two gas-quartz diopters.
- the base of the lamp corresponds in all cases of known generators to an area where light cannot be reflected, an area which is found in the form of dark spots in the beam emerging from the generator.
- the present invention therefore proposes in particular to overcome these drawbacks.
- the present invention provides a generator of a light beam comprising a reflector inside which is placed a lamp connected to a power supply module, a network of thermally conductive cooling fins arranged around of the reflector, characterized in that these fins extend radially from this reflector to a heat shield comprising an internal wall in contact with the fins and made of a thermally conductive material, an external wall and an intermediate layer disposed between the internal walls and external, made of a thermally insulating material, the fins delimiting spaces in communication with an air passage along the light beam.
- the light beam enters a light guide, located in the air passage;
- the air passage is at least approximately vertical
- the reflector is at least approximately vertical; the internal wall and the fins are for example made of aluminum, the external wall is made of light alloy, for example aluminum or stainless steel, while the intermediate layer is based on refractory fibers, for example made of Kevlar fabrics.
- the invention proposes a light generator comprising an enclosure with a reflecting internal surface inside which a light source is placed, characterized in that the enclosure comprises at least:
- a concave portion of ellipsoid with a reflecting surface the light source being placed at the focal point of the ellipsoid situated in this portion of ellipsoid.
- the concave portion of ellipsoid is a half-ellipsoid or a concave portion of half-ellipsoid.
- the portion of ellipsoid is a concave portion of semi-ellipsoid and the enclosure further comprises: an annular portion of hemisphere with reflecting surface covering from its base the portion of semi-ellipsoid, centered at said focal point, axis coincident with the major axis of the ellipsoid defined by this portion of semi-ellipsoid, and having an opening at its top of axis also coincident with said major axis.
- a second annular portion of hemisphere with reflecting surface makes it possible to bring the major part of the rays emanating from the light source to join the useful beam, that is to say say the light beam converging towards the second focal point of the ellipsoid defined by the concave portion of half-ellipsoid with the desired small angular opening.
- the efficiency that is to say the ratio of the light intensity available at the second focus under a small angular aperture, to the light intensity generated by the light source, is advantageously increased compared to a generator comprising only a semi-ellipsoidal reflector.
- a generator comprising a simple semi-ellipsoidal reflector or else use a generator further comprising an annular portion of the hemisphere, as defined above.
- the efficiency of this latter generator can be further improved by adding, very advantageously, to the enclosure, a tubular section of cylinder with a reflective surface, covering from a first of its ends the opening of the portion annular hemisphere and having an axis coincident with said major axis.
- a tubular section of cylinder with a reflective surface covering from a first of its ends the opening of the portion annular hemisphere and having an axis coincident with said major axis.
- said tubular cylinder section has a circular section, said portion of semi-ellipsoid is dimensioned so that the light rays which it reflects converge towards the second focal point of said ellipsoid and form with said major axis an angle less than a given angle,
- a light guide extending along the major axis of the ellipsoid defined by the portion of ellipsoid is placed using positioning means, near the second focal point of said ellipsoid, - the angle given is equal to the digital half-opening of the guide, said annular portion of the hemisphere is dimensioned so as not to impede the propagation of the light rays reflected by said portion of semi-ellipsoid,
- said enclosure is closed at the level of said opening of the annular hemisphere portion, if necessary at the level of the second end of the tubular cylinder section, by a porthole of a transparent material, constituting, where appropriate, said positioning means,
- the porthole is glued in a Teflon ring having an annular rim allowing the fixing of said porthole on said tubular section of cylinder, said rim is glued on said tubular section of cylinder, said rim is screwed on said tubular section of cylinder, a seal sealing being arranged between the flange and the section,
- said annular hemisphere portion if applicable capped by said tubular cylinder section, is movably mounted on said half-ellipsoid portion and in leaktight manner by means of a seal,
- said window is a block of silica
- said window consists of a lens bonded in said ring
- the porthole is constituted by one end of an optical bar glued in said ring and constituting a light guide
- the porthole is constituted by a tip of a bundle of fibers bonded in said ring,
- said ring is made of Teflon
- said window consists of a block of polished silica on its two faces for entering and leaving the light beam generated by the lamp, the exit face being intended to receive the entry surface of an optical bar constituting a light guide,
- the silica block is capable of allowing only radiation having one or more selected wavelengths to pass
- the light source is a lamp connected to means for supplying the lamp with electrical power and sealingly attached to the reflecting enclosure
- the light source is a lamp of the short-arc discharge type of the metal iodide type, l the arc of the lamp being placed at the focal point located in the ellipsoid portion of,
- the electrical supply means comprise a socket connected to a ballast, the assembly being tightly fixed to the enclosure,
- the hood is a truncated cone
- the positioning means consist of a tightening and sealing ring
- said enclosure is made of aluminum or bronze and is formed by machining or embossing
- said enclosure is obtained by molding ceramic covered internally with a metallic coating
- the said. reflective surfaces are made up of polished surfaces
- the polished surfaces are covered with a surface coating in gold, rhodium, nickel, silver or aluminum.
- the present invention also provides a light generator or lamp comprising an enclosure inside which a light source is placed, characterized in that the enclosure forms the walls of a sealed bulb and comprises at least: - a portion of concave ellipsoid with a reflecting surface, the light source being placed at the focal point of the ellipsoid situated in this portion of ellipsoid and the opening at the top of the bulb being hermetically sealed by a porthole in a transparent material. Thanks to these provisions, the light generator is perfectly waterproof.
- the enclosure constituting the walls of a sealed bulb, it is possible to have at the focus of the portion of ellipsoid a light source which comprises, if necessary for the production of light, only single bulb. It is thus possible to do without the protective bulb of conventional discharge lamps, which is harmful to the propagation of light.
- the size of the light source is much smaller, allowing the dimensions of the light generator to be reduced to a size comparable to that of a conventional electric lamp.
- Such a light generator of reduced dimensions can of course be used to inject light directly into a light guide, but also in any application requiring directive lighting.
- the portion of ellipsoid is a half-ellipsoid or a portion of half-ellipsoid, said walls consist of glass covered with a metallic deposit,
- the reflecting surfaces are dichroic, reflecting in the visible range and letting the infrared radiation pass, the portion of ellipsoid comprises a reflecting bottom crossed by electrodes for supplying power to said light source, embedded in the glass,
- said light source comprises a substantially spherical sealed bulb enveloping one end of said electrodes and containing means capable of producing a light arc by producing an electric discharge at said electrodes,
- said enclosure is under vacuum or contains a gas under low pressure
- the transparent porthole is formed by a portion of a cylinder or a silica or quartz pellet, a lens or an objective,
- the present invention provides a light guide intended to optically connect a hot light source and a zone forming a cold source, characterized in that the light guide consists of a rigid homogeneous translucent bar, a holding structure extending along this bar while leaving an air layer along almost the entire lateral surface of this bar.
- the cold zone is most often close to the free end of the light guide, or even be constituted by a lateral portion of this guide. It follows from these provisions, a light guide inexpensive to produce because it does not require material sheathing. Furthermore, it is rigid and may have a larger diameter than the optical fibers hitherto used, making it possible to transmit light fluxes of very high intensity, of the order of 5,000 to 100,000 lumens.
- the bar is a silica bar
- the bar is a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bar
- the bar is a bar made of pure glass
- the bar is equipped with a mechanical protection extending at a distance from and around the bar over almost its entire length, spacers in contact with the protection and the bar centering and tightening the latter;
- the spacers are made of Teflon;
- the light guide is intended to be integrated into a candelabrum barrel, the protection being able to be fixed to the candelabrum barrel using openwork brackets by one of its ends, while its other end is adapted to rest on a light generator constituting the hot source.
- the invention provides a light diffuser, intended to be optically connected to a light source by a light guide admitting an axis, characterized in that the diffuser present in all axial plane a V-shaped section whose apex is placed near the outlet of the guide.
- the diffuser is located at a height above the area to be lit
- the diffuser has the shape of a cone
- the diffuser has a rough, frosted or mat reflective surface, so as to homogenize the reflected light flux
- the reflecting surface is a painted metal surface or is made of porcelain
- the angle of inclination of the reflective surface relative to the axis of revolution of the cone corresponds at least approximately to the digital half-opening of the light guide; -
- the diffuser is able to be integrated into a candelabra, the diffuser being fixed to the barrel of the candelabrum using rods of small section.
- the reflector in the shape of an ellipsoid portion and the non-reflecting hood may comprise a network of thermally conductive cooling fins disposed around the reflector and the hood, in contact with the latter, up to a heat shield, such as this presented with reference to the first aspect of the invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view in vertical section of a street lighting candelabra incorporating lighting elements according to the invention
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view in vertical section, in more detail, of a light generator according to a first embodiment of the invention, placed in the base of the candelabrum of Figure 1;
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view from above of the generator of Figure 2;
- - Figure 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the upper part of the candelabra of Figure 1;
- FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view of a light generator, according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- - Figures 6A to 6D are schematic representations of Figure 5 and show the different possible paths for the light rays emerging from the light source; and
- FIG. 7 is a schematic view in vertical section of a generator, according to a third embodiment of the invention.
- the lighting elements according to the invention and shown in Figures 1 to 4, are integrated into a street lighting candelabra.
- the candelabra principle considered here by way of example and non-limiting application of the lighting elements of the present invention is based on the Snell-Descartes law which governs the propagation of a light wave in the heart of an optical fiber reflecting on an optical sheath with a lower refractive index.
- This candelabrum marked 1 as a whole, mainly comprises three sub-assemblies: a lower part or foot 10, fixed to the ground, an elongated part or bole 20, extending from the foot upwards, and an upper part or head 30 mounted at the free end of the barrel.
- the base 10 as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1, comprises at its lower part a light generator 11 fixed on a support 12, itself fixed to the base of the candelabrum in a manner not shown.
- This foot is in practice also equipped with an inspection hatch, not shown here.
- the light generator 11 having a body 13 and an optic 14 movable by sliding inside this body.
- the body has two fixed walls, external 13A and internal 13C, in the form of two concentric cylindrical tubular sections between which a layer of thermal insulator 13B is enclosed. This body thus forms a heat shield.
- the external and internal walls are respectively made of aluminum or stainless steel and aluminum. Kevlar fabrics are suitable for thermal insulation. Other materials may be suitable provided that the internal wall is made of a material which is a good thermal conductor and the insulator made of a material which is very good thermal insulator.
- the body 13 receives through its lower part the sliding optic 14 held removably in this body by a bayonet fixing system (not referenced).
- the optic comprises a light source 14A constituted by a short arc discharge lamp, of the metal iodide type, at least approximately placed at the first focal point FI of a semi-ellipsoidal reflector.
- the top of the half-ellipsoid forming the reflector is extended by a sleeve intended to receive the base of the lamp 14A.
- the optics also includes a network of fins 14C, preferably radial and regularly spaced, integral by the lower and upper ends of their outer edges with two rings 14E.
- cooling fins are shaped so as to be able to receive, with close contact, the semi-ellipsoidal reflector and its sleeve.
- a housing 14D enclosing the lamp socket is fixed in a sealed manner, at the base of these cooling fins, to the reflector.
- the diameter of the rings 14E is chosen so as to allow the mobile optics to slide within the body with contact between the rings and the fixed internal wall 13C of the body.
- protrusions 14F protrude from the cooling fins along their outer edges.
- the housing 14 D is itself tightly connected to a ballast, not shown, connected to an electrical energy supply network (for example the E.D.F network).
- an electrical energy supply network for example the E.D.F network.
- the lamps can be supplied with a voltage of 220 V and an intensity of approximately 2 amps.
- the semi-ellipsoidal reflector 14B has at its upper part a horizontal flange 14G which, in the state assembled from the movable optics with the body, forms a sealed joint surface with a complementary horizontal flange 15A of a conical hood 15 with a truncated top.
- This hood 15 is integral with the fixed internal wall 13C by means of fins 15B extending radially at regular spacing around the periphery of the hood, just like the fins 14C of the semi-ellipsoidal reflector 14 around the latter .
- the truncated top of the hood is extended by a sheath 16 with jaws engaged in a clamping ring 17.
- This clamping ring makes it possible to enclose a silica bar 21, the characteristics of which will be described below, with its edge 21A disposed substantially at the second focus F2 of the semi-ellipsoidal reflector. It also makes it possible to ensure complete sealing of the half-ellipsoidal reflector.
- the dimensions of the half-ellipsoid result from the dimensions of the lamp, from the numerical aperture inherent in the optical bar, here made of silica, received at the second focus of the reflector and from the size, in particular radial, maximum authorized for the generator;
- the hood has at its base the diameter of the semi-ellipsoidal reflector and at its top a diameter chosen so as to allow the passage of the light bar, keeping in mind that the oblique walls of this hood must never interfere with the digital aperture of the optical bar, to avoid any loss of light.
- the position of the optical bar is adjusted relative to the second focus of the semi-ellipsoidal reflector in order to concentrate on the edge of this bar a maximum of luminous flux: if the optical bar section increases, we shift the latter slightly relative to the second focal point in the direction of the semi-ellipsoid apex corresponding to the second focal point (apex of the hood).
- the spaces available between the fins 14C and 15B associated with the mobile optics and the hood, are in communication with an air passage along the light guide, here constituted by the optical bar. This results, especially when the guide is vertical, a powerful chimney effect ensuring the evacuation of the heat given off by the light source.
- the post 20 of the candelabrum integrates an entirely original structure for transmitting light from a light generator, such as that described above, to a light diffuser, the characteristics of which will be detailed below.
- This structure for transmitting light to the light guide consists of an optical bar 21 made of silica a few centimeters in diameter (generally between 3 and 6 cm) surrounded by an air duct 22 of which the thickness is here a few millimeters over most of its circumference, and protected by a mechanical protection 23.
- This mechanical protection is here in the form of a metallic cylindrical tube.
- Spacers 24 are arranged between the mechanical protection and the optical bar to center and tighten the latter.
- a material capable of following the differential expansion between the silica bar and the mechanical protection for example Teflon, will preferably be chosen for these spacers.
- the mechanical protection is fixed to the barrel 26 of the candelabrum at its upper end, using perforated brackets 25 and has at its lower end a narrowed portion 27, converging inwards and downwards and resting on the ring. Tightening.
- the upper end of the mechanical protec ⁇ tion also has a narrowed portion 32.
- the light bar protrudes from the mechanical protection downward, so as to be able to pass through the ring of tightening to reach the second focal point of the semi-ellipsoidal reflector. It will be noted here that the mechanical protection does not come into contact with the silica bar and that the spacers have a relatively small section, in order to provide over the major part of the circumference of the silica bar an air duct.
- an optical bar has the advantage of not requiring cladding, unlike optical fibers. It is also rigid, therefore requiring no metallic support in contact, such as those intended to provide rigidity to optical fibers, although preferably there is mechanical protection around this silica bar, by nature. brittle.
- An optical bar of course has the advantage of being able to transmit a greater luminous flux because of its larger section than that of an optical fiber.
- the barrel 26 of the candelabrum delimits around the optical bar a tubular space 28 constituting the air passage indicated above in connection with the chimney effect.
- This tubular space is here delimited directly by the mechanical protec ⁇ tion 23. It will be noted that the air returning through the existing natural openings, such as sheath leading the electric cables, may suffice. Of course, the constituent elements of the barrel, or even the optical bar itself, can contribute to the evacuation of the heat. It should be noted that the luminous flux emerges towards the top of the candelabra barrel through the upper edge of the silica bar. In addition, the emerging flux is inhomogeneous, because the silica bar is in practice multimode. It was therefore necessary to find a diffuser which was able, on the one hand, to reflect light towards the area to be lit and, on the other hand, to homogenize the reflected flux.
- This diffuser 30 is here conical in shape and its tip is rounded to reflect a greater amount of light. Its reflection surface is covered with a rough, matt or frosted material, which makes it possible to homogenize the flow.
- a material which satisfies the required requirements is a metallic support covered with a paint having a good coefficient of reflection in the visible or possibly porcelain. This material has a good reflection coefficient, despite the micro-irregularities created on the surface of the diffuser.
- any other form of diffuser may be suitable, provided that its section is in any plane of axial section approximately in V: prism, pyramid, etc. It is thus possible to produce illuminated surfaces of quite diverse shapes.
- the angle of inclination of the diffuser ⁇ is chosen as a function of the surface to be illuminated.
- the diffuser is fixed by rods 31 of small section on the pole of the candelabrum, so as not to generate too large shadows on the area to be lit.
- the tip of the diffuser 30 is located a few centimeters from the upper end of the silica bar.
- the section of the diffuser at its upper end must be significantly larger than that of the silica bar, in order to avoid losses of light by dispersion upwards. In practice, this section will be a compromise between the yield in reflected light and the design sought.
- a 5 mm arc lamp requires a distance between focal point (FI, F2) of 164 mm, a major axis of 200 mm and a minor axis of 114, 7 mm, to obtain a light spot 30 mm in diameter, when the digital half-aperture is 26 ° (silica bar).
- a silica bar 30 mm in diameter can therefore be used.
- the light generator can also be used with conventional sheathed optical fibers, such as those presented in French patent application FR-91.08594, in which case, the optical head presented in this document can also be used.
- This generator can also be used without a diffuser, for lighting purposes.
- the bar can be pointed, without a diffuser, towards an area to be highlighted, or else be connected to a network of fibers, or even be frosted over all or part of its lateral surface in order, for example, to lateral illumination.
- the support structure of such a bar can be a bracket.
- the semi-ellipsoidal reflector can also be mounted adjustable relative to the lamp, in the direction defined by the two focal points, in order to optimize the amount of light reflected at the second focal point, when different sections of light guide are used.
- a plastic light guide such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) or pure glass can also be used instead of silica. It may be appropriate in this case to provide forced ventilation, or to provide a low power of the lamp, or even discontinuous operation.
- Mechanical protection even if it is desirable because the silica bar is inherently fragile, can be replaced by a simple support, provided that the silica bar is surrounded over most of its circumference by an air duct . This support could for example be constituted by a bearing provided on the sheath or the ring described above, while retaining the tightness of the assembly.
- the generator can be provided with a color change system (filters, %) known to those skilled in the art.
- FIGS. 5 to 7 A second embodiment of the light generator of the invention is illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6A to 6D.
- This light generator marked 100 as a whole, has a. enclosure 110.
- This enclosure or reflector 100 comprises:
- a second annular portion of hemisphere 112 also with a reflecting surface; a tubular section of cylinder 113 with a reflecting surface covering, from a first of its ends, an opening 114 of the annular portion of hemisphere 112.
- the second annular hemisphere portion 112 covers, from its base and in a removable manner, the first half-ellipsoid portion 111. It is, moreover, centered at the focal point F ′ x (see FIGS. 6A to 6D) located in this first portion of semi-ellipsoid 111 and its axis coincides with the major axis 116 of the ellipsoid defined by this first portion of semi-ellipsoid 111.
- the opening 114 at the top of the second annular portion of hemisphere 112 has an axis also coincident with the major axis 116.
- tubular section of cylinder 113 As for the tubular section of cylinder 113, it has a circular section and is made in one piece with the second annular portion of hemisphere 112. Its axis is also confused with the major axis 116.
- a short arc discharge lamp (about 5 mm), of the metal iodide type, is partly received inside the enclosure 110, through a hole 118 drilled in the bottom of the first portion of semi-ellipsoid 111, the arc of this lamp being placed, at least approximately, at the first focal point F 'situated in this first portion of semi-ellipsoid 111.
- the lamp 117 is mounted on a socket 119 supplied by a waterproof power cable 120.
- the socket 119 is mounted in a waterproof case 121 comprising a through hole 122 for the power cable 120.
- the tightness, at the level of the passage hole 122, is ensured by a cable gland 123 in which the cable 120 is taken, while the housing 121 is mounted by screwing, at the level of the passage hole 118, on the enclosure 110 , also in a leaktight manner, by means of a seal 124.
- the second annular portion of hemisphere 112 is also screwed tightly by means of a seal 125, by its base on an annular flange 126 extending the first portion of semi-ellip ⁇ so ⁇ de 111.
- the screwing means of the housing 121 and of the second annular hemisphere portion 112 on the first half-ellipsoid portion 111 have not been shown in FIG. 5, and it will be noted that these screwing means can be replaced by d 'Other means, provided that the étan ⁇ cheite is ensured at the location of the joint surfaces where the various elements are connected.
- this window 127 consists of a block of silica 128 bonded in a Teflon ring 129 having an annular rim 130 allowing the fixing of the porthole 127 on the tubular section of cylinder 113.
- the flange 130 is, here, screwed onto the tubular section of cylinder 113 (screwing means not shown in FIG. 5), a seal 131 being arranged between the flange 130 and the section 113.
- Teflon has the double advantage of being able to withstand the high temperatures prevailing inside the enclosure 110 of the light generator 100 and possible differences in thermal expansion between the generator 100 and the silica block 128. It is understood that Teflon can be replaced by any material having the same characteristics.
- the light generator 100 thus produced is entirely waterproof and, in this way, neither the electrical connections of the lamp 117, nor the reflective interior surfaces of the enclosure 110 can be damaged.
- the various constituent parts of the enclosure 110 are made of aluminum or bronze and are formed by machining or embossing.
- the internal surfaces of the enclosure, as elsewhere the reflector 14B of the first embodiment, constituting reflecting surfaces are polished and advantageously covered with a surface coating of gold, rhodium, nickel, silver or aluminum in order to be as reflective as possible in the visible spectrum and let the infrared rays pass as much as possible.
- coating materials may be suitable, provided that they have sufficient longevity and are capable of withstanding temperatures up to 300 ° C. inside the generator 100.
- the surface coating especially when it is silver or aluminum, can be treated against corrosion.
- the upper 132 and lower 133 faces of the silica block, respectively of the input of the light beam coming from the lamp 117 and of the output of the generator of this light beam, are polished, the upper face 132 being intended to receive the input of an optical bar constituting a light guide (not shown in FIGS. 5 and 6A to 6D).
- the Teflon ring 129 and the silica block 128 are dimensioned and positioned so that the lower face 133 is, here, placed in the vicinity of the second focal point F ′ 2 of the ellipsoid defined by the first portion of semi-ellipsoid 111.
- the window 127 therefore constitutes, here, the means for positioning the light guide near the second focus
- the light beam generated by the lamp 117 converges towards the second focal point F' 2 , at least towards a limited surface surrounding it, where it enters the guide light at one end and is transmitted by reflection to the exit of the light guide at its other end. From there, this beam can be diffused by means of an appropriate diffuser, also not shown in FIGS. 5 and 6A to 6D.
- the present generator may also comprise a network of thermally conductive cooling fins arranged around the enclosure 110, these fins extending radially from the enclosure to to a heat shield comprising an internal wall in contact with the fins and made of thermally conductive material, an external wall and an intermediate layer disposed between the internal and external walls, made of a material thermally insulating, the fins delimiting spaces in communication with an air passage along the light beam coming from the generator 100.
- a network of thermally conductive cooling fins arranged around the enclosure 110, these fins extending radially from the enclosure to to a heat shield comprising an internal wall in contact with the fins and made of thermally conductive material, an external wall and an intermediate layer disposed between the internal and external walls, made of a material thermally insulating, the fins delimiting spaces in communication with an air passage along the light beam coming from the generator 100.
- the internal wall and the fins will be made of aluminum, the external wall being of aluminum or stainless steel, while the intermediate layer will consist of Kevlar fabrics or an asbestos fabric.
- the internal and external walls will be cylindrical tubular sections, the cooling fins arranged around the enclosure being solid with two centering rings concentric with the internal wall and coming into contact with the latter in the assembled state. of the generator, that is to say when the second annular portion of hemisphere 112 is mounted on the first portion of semi-ellipsoid 111.
- FIGS. 6A to 6D are schematic views of FIG. 5, the different possible trajectories of the light rays coming from the lamp 117.
- the half-ellipsoid portion 111 By dimensioning the half-ellipsoid portion 111 in such a way that the angle ⁇ 0 is equal to the digital half-opening of a light guide that one would come to place in the vicinity of the second focal point F ' 2 , with its axis aligned with the major axis 116, all the rays reflected by this portion 111 enter the light guide.
- we thus only used the useful part of a half-ellipsoid that is to say that which reflects only light rays forming a useful beam which converges towards the second focal point F ′ 2 with rays. forming an angle less than the digital half-aperture.
- the half-ellipsoid portion 111 is capped by an annular portion of hemisphere with reflecting surface 112, the position of which has been detailed above. As shown in Figure 6B, this other part of the rays from the focus F ' ! is thus reflected by this second annular portion of hemisphere 112 in the direction of this focal point F ′ lf to return to the useful portion of the first portion of semi-ellipsoid 111, which it will reflect them a second time in the manner described with reference to the Figure 6A.
- the second annular portion of the hemisphere is dimensioned so as not to hinder the propagation of the light rays reflected by the first portion of semi-ellipsoid 111.
- This cone moreover has a half-angle at the vertex F ' 2 less than the angle ⁇ 0 .
- the tubular section of cylinder 113 is itself dimensioned so as not to hinder the trajectory of all the aforementioned spokes.
- yet another part of the rays emanating from the lamp 117 that is to say substantially from the first focal point F ' 1; they are reflected by the tubular section of cylinder 113 with a reflecting surface.
- FIG. 6D The other rays reaching the level of the entry surface of the light guide without reflection are shown in FIG. 6D. They also form with the axis 116 an angle less than ⁇ 0 .
- the efficiency, as defined above, of the light generator 100 thus produced is significantly improved compared to a generator comprising only a semi-ellipsoidal reflector, only a very small quantity of rays not returning in the light guide.
- a generator comprising a simple semi-ellipsoidal reflector, or a generator such as that which has just been described. is thus possible to use a generator comprising a simple semi-ellipsoidal reflector, or a generator such as that which has just been described. as a second embodiment.
- a light generator was used for this purpose, mainly using a commercially available electric lamp and a reflective enclosure.
- An interesting development of the light generator described in support of FIGS. 5 and 6A to 6D, forming the subject of the present invention, will now be described, in support of FIG. 7 and constitutes the third embodiment.
- This generator 100 ′ comprises an enclosure 110 ′ which comprises:
- This second hemisphere portion 112 ′ covering from its base the half-ellipsoid portion 111 ′ is centered at the focus F ′ 1 ! of the latter and has an axis coincident with the major axis 116 'of the ellipsoid defined by this same portion of semi-ellipsoid 111'.
- the opening 114 'at the top of the second hemisphere portion 112' has an axis also coincident with the major axis 116 'and is hermetically sealed by means of a transparent pellet 127' constituting a porthole, of quartz or silica.
- the enclosure 110 ′ except the pellet 127 ′, is made of glass with a metallic deposit at 1 / interior so as to constitute reflective interior surfaces.
- the rest of the enclosure is under vacuum or filled with an inert gas (nitrogen, etc.) under low pressure.
- an inert gas nitrogen, etc.
- for producing a light radiation connected at its ends to the base 143 and placed in the enclosure 110 ′ under vacuum or containing a gas under low pressure.
- a light generator generating a light beam with a small angular opening can be made perfectly sealed but above all the dimensions of a conventional electric lamp which is placed directly opposite the light guide.
- this generator 100 does not have the drawbacks mentioned above and generated by the use of a conventional electric lamp.
- the bottom of the enclosure 110 ′ is reflective.
- the enclosure 110 ′ acts as external protection and that the patch 127 ′ filters the UV rays.
- the patch 127 ′ filters the UV rays.
- a generator such as those forming the object of the first and second embodiments or else a generator such as that forming the object of the third embodiment.
- the reflection of the light rays is here of course similar to that described with reference to FIGS. 6A to 6D.
- the reflecting surfaces may be chosen to be dichroic reflecting in the visible range and letting the infrared radiation pass. The heat produced is thus dissipated towards the rear of the generator or lamp.
- the half-ellipsoid portion 111 ′ can be truncated at its bottom which will be replaced by a concave hemisphere with reflecting surface, centered in F 1 ⁇ and of axis coincident with the axis 116 ′, if the size of the bulb 140 requires it.
- provision may even be made to use an enclosure forming the walls of a sealed ampoule and comprising only a concave half-ellipsoid or a portion of concave half-ellipsoid, with a reflective surface, possibly provided with a hemisphere with a reflecting surface such as that just mentioned.
- the patch 127 ′ can be replaced by a portion of a cylinder of transparent material, a lens or even an objective.
- the window may consist of a lens glued in the Teflon ring.
- This Teflon ring may have a rim glued directly to the tubular section of cylinder.
- the enclosure can also be closed by one end of an optical bar or an end piece holding the ends of a bundle of optical fibers, glued into the Teflon ring and constituting a light guide, this ring thus advantageously constituting a frame allowing the positioning of the entry of this light guide near the second focal point of the ellipsoid as defined above.
- This enclosure can also be obtained by molding ceramic, making it possible to achieve an ideal surface condition, the ceramic being covered with a metallic coating.
- Filters can be applied to one or both sides 132, 133 of the silica block in order for example to produce a beam of colored light at the output of the generator or to return infrared radiation towards the interior of the generator.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
- Arrangement Of Elements, Cooling, Sealing, Or The Like Of Lighting Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9312119 | 1993-10-12 | ||
FR9312119A FR2711218B1 (fr) | 1993-10-12 | 1993-10-12 | Générateur de lumière pour appareil d'éclairage ou d'illumination. |
PCT/FR1994/001182 WO1995010792A1 (fr) | 1993-10-12 | 1994-10-11 | Generateur de lumiere a enceinte reflechissante pour ensemble d'eclairage ou d'illumination mettant en ×uvre un guide de lumiere |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0723671A1 true EP0723671A1 (fr) | 1996-07-31 |
Family
ID=9451743
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95912945A Withdrawn EP0723671A1 (fr) | 1993-10-12 | 1994-10-11 | Generateur de lumiere a enceinte reflechissante pour ensemble d'eclairage ou d'illumination mettant en uvre un guide de lumiere |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0723671A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH09504136A (fr) |
AU (2) | AU7941594A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2173224A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2711218B1 (fr) |
HU (1) | HUT73895A (fr) |
TW (1) | TW317409U (fr) |
WO (2) | WO1995010792A1 (fr) |
ZA (2) | ZA947975B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2738622B1 (fr) * | 1995-09-13 | 1997-11-28 | Virag Sa | Ensemble d'eclairage par source de lumiere deportee, equipe d'une chicane thermique, et candelabre incorporant un tel ensemble d'eclairage |
DE19652745A1 (de) * | 1996-12-18 | 1998-06-25 | Lewinson Edwarda | Beleuchtungsvorrichtung regelbarer Intensität mit einem Lichtleiter |
DE19940207B4 (de) * | 1999-08-25 | 2005-07-14 | Tetsuhiro Kano | Reflektorsystem zum Führen von Licht unter kleinen Einfallswinkeln |
JP2011224043A (ja) * | 2010-04-15 | 2011-11-10 | Fujifilm Corp | 光源装置及びこれを用いた内視鏡装置 |
JP4856266B1 (ja) * | 2010-06-29 | 2012-01-18 | シャープ株式会社 | 光源装置およびそれを備えた擬似太陽光照射装置 |
US20150131295A1 (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2015-05-14 | GE Lighting Solutions, LLC | Thin-film coating for improved outdoor led reflectors |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE545709A (fr) * | 1957-03-01 | 1900-01-01 | ||
DE2846471A1 (de) * | 1978-10-25 | 1980-05-08 | Nath Guenther | Bestrahlungsgeraet fuer dentalzwecke |
US4241382A (en) * | 1979-03-23 | 1980-12-23 | Maurice Daniel | Fiber optics illuminator |
US4419716A (en) * | 1983-01-03 | 1983-12-06 | Stephen Koo | Vapor proof housing assembly and system |
JPH0682642B2 (ja) * | 1985-08-09 | 1994-10-19 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 表面処理装置 |
DE3804732C2 (de) * | 1988-02-15 | 1993-10-14 | Oka Kano & Oehmichen Kg Forsch | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Reflektors |
US4885668A (en) * | 1988-06-17 | 1989-12-05 | Mag Instrument, Inc. | Heat shield |
GB8900261D0 (en) * | 1989-01-06 | 1989-03-08 | Powell Michael | Improvements relating to street lamps |
JPH02219246A (ja) * | 1989-02-20 | 1990-08-31 | Fujitsu Ltd | 気相エピタキシャル成長方法 |
EP0401711B1 (fr) * | 1989-06-09 | 1994-11-02 | DR.TECHN. JOSEF ZELISKO, FABRIK FÜR ELEKTROTECHNIK UND MASCHINENBAU GESELLSCHAFT m.b.H. | Disposition de lampe, en particulier pour la signalisation |
US5161874A (en) * | 1991-05-22 | 1992-11-10 | Mitchell C. Radov | Remote illumination system |
JPH04356915A (ja) * | 1991-06-03 | 1992-12-10 | Nissin Electric Co Ltd | ガスソースセル |
FR2679007B1 (fr) * | 1991-07-09 | 1997-08-08 | Self Ec | Equipement d'eclairage public, tel que candelabre, a fibre optique. |
DE4209957A1 (de) * | 1992-03-27 | 1993-09-30 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Beleuchtungseinrichtung für Fahrzeuge |
-
1993
- 1993-10-12 FR FR9312119A patent/FR2711218B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-10-11 HU HU9600927A patent/HUT73895A/hu unknown
- 1994-10-11 WO PCT/FR1994/001182 patent/WO1995010792A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-10-11 EP EP95912945A patent/EP0723671A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-10-11 JP JP7511396A patent/JPH09504136A/ja active Pending
- 1994-10-11 AU AU79415/94A patent/AU7941594A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-10-11 AU AU79416/94A patent/AU7941694A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-10-11 WO PCT/FR1994/001181 patent/WO1995010732A1/fr active Application Filing
- 1994-10-11 CA CA002173224A patent/CA2173224A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1994-10-12 ZA ZA947975A patent/ZA947975B/xx unknown
- 1994-10-12 TW TW085204809U patent/TW317409U/zh unknown
- 1994-10-12 ZA ZA947974A patent/ZA947974B/xx unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9510792A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HU9600927D0 (en) | 1996-06-28 |
FR2711218B1 (fr) | 1996-01-26 |
ZA947974B (en) | 1995-05-30 |
ZA947975B (en) | 1995-05-30 |
TW317409U (en) | 1997-10-01 |
HUT73895A (en) | 1996-10-28 |
CA2173224A1 (fr) | 1995-04-20 |
AU7941594A (en) | 1995-05-04 |
WO1995010792A1 (fr) | 1995-04-20 |
WO1995010732A1 (fr) | 1995-04-20 |
AU7941694A (en) | 1995-05-04 |
JPH09504136A (ja) | 1997-04-22 |
FR2711218A1 (fr) | 1995-04-21 |
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