EP0722898B1 - A method of conveying sheet material - Google Patents
A method of conveying sheet material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0722898B1 EP0722898B1 EP96830015A EP96830015A EP0722898B1 EP 0722898 B1 EP0722898 B1 EP 0722898B1 EP 96830015 A EP96830015 A EP 96830015A EP 96830015 A EP96830015 A EP 96830015A EP 0722898 B1 EP0722898 B1 EP 0722898B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- conveying
- sheet material
- strip
- conveying device
- along
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B41/00—Supplying or feeding container-forming sheets or wrapping material
- B65B41/02—Feeding sheets or wrapper blanks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H5/00—Feeding articles separated from piles; Feeding articles to machines
- B65H5/004—Feeding articles separated from piles; Feeding articles to machines using electrostatic force
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of conveying sheet material.
- the one conveying device 10 comprises a feed wheel 15 of conventional embodiment, affording a plurality of peripheral pockets or slots 16 of which one only is indicated, and an ejector device 17 of which the push rod 18 can be reciprocated along the first feed path 8 during operation in such a way as to dislodge each packet 3 in turn from the relative slot 16 and direct it through the passage 13 when the slot 16 is aligned with the guide 12 along the feed path 8.
- the other conveying device 11 consists likewise in a wheel 19, keyed to a power driven shaft 20 rotatable about a relative axis 21 in a clockwise direction, as viewed in fig 1. This wheel 19 similarly affords peripheral pockets or slots 22, each capable of movement through the station 7 and designed to admit a single packet 3 together with the relative sheet 4 when aligned with the first feed path 8.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Wrapping Of Specific Fragile Articles (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Manufacturing And Processing Devices For Dough (AREA)
- Sheets, Magazines, And Separation Thereof (AREA)
- Delivering By Means Of Belts And Rollers (AREA)
- Structure Of Belt Conveyors (AREA)
Description
- The present invention relates to a method of conveying sheet material.
- The method disclosed is employed to advantage in the tobacco industry, in particular for cigarette wrapping machines, to which specific reference is made herein albeit with no limitation in general scope implied. It is the conventional practice with wrapping machines of the type in question to utilize a sheet wrapping material in the form of a continuous strip decoiled from a roll and conveyed to a user or wrapping station by way of a cutting station, at which the strip is severed transversely into discrete segments or sheets each designed to envelop a relative product, in this instance a group or a packet of cigarettes.
- As a general rule, the continuous wrapping material is decoiled from the relative roll by means of a set of pinch rollers located preceding the wrapping station in the conveying direction, and then advanced by one or more belt and/or roller conveyors usually of a type through which suction can be generated in such a way that the material is held and its position controlled until within the compass of the wrapping station.
- Evidently, the wrapping material remains in contact with the conveyors as the result of creating a vacuum, so that a source of negative pneumatic pressure must be provided, along with complicated suction ducts that are normally difficult to incorporate and have a heavy negative impact both on the structure and therefore on the functional attributes of the machine, as well as on the cost of its manufacture.
- Furthermore, it is known from US-A-5,121,170 a device for use in electrostatographic image recording equipment for retaining and transporting a paper sheet, document or similar sheet member. A transporting member is implemented as an endless belt. An AC voltage is applied to the belt to form a charge density pattern on the surface of the belt, while the charge density pattern sets up a non-uniform electric field in close proximity to the surface of the belt. The non-uniform electric field urges the sheet member against the belt and thereby allows it to be transported by the belt to a predetermined position without being dislocated.
- The device according to US-A-5,121,170 is not advantageous for conveying sheet members toward a wrapping station.
- The object of the present invention is to provide a method of conveying sheet material such as will allow of eliminating any form of negatively pressurized pneumatic circuit employed typically to retain the material in contact with a relative conveyor, at least along a part of the feed path followed by the sheet material toward a wrapping station.
- The stated object is realized according to the present invention in a method of conveying sheet material, as in
claim 1. - In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the present invention, the conveying device comprises conveyor means positioned to interact with lateral portions of the sheet material separated by a given distance one from the other and extending preferably in a direction substantially parallel with the feed direction.
- Preferably, moreover, with regard to the interaction between the conveyor means and the sheet material, the sheet material consists in a first material whilst the conveyor means consist in a second material, and an electrostatic charge is induced in at least the first material before bringing about the connection between the sheet material and the conveyor means. The invention will now be described in detail, by way of example, with the aid of the accompanying drawings, in which:
- fig 1 indicates a preferred embodiment of a machine suitable for implementing the method according to the present invention, illustrated in a side elevation with certain parts in section and others omitted for clarity;
- fig 2 shows a detail of fig 1, viewed in perspective with certain parts in section and others omitted for clarity.
- With reference to fig 1 of the drawings, 1 denotes an overwrapping machine, in its entirety, comprising a
central section 2 by which packets 3 of cigarettes are enveloped singly and in succession by relative sheets of wrapping material denoted 4. - The
wrapping sheets 4 in question are fashioned from an electrostatically chargeable material. - The expression "electrostatically chargeable material" is intended here and throughout the specification as indicating a material in which an electrostatic charge can be induced whether simply by the rubbing action of a surrounding fluid such as the ambient air, by wiping with an element or pad of electrifying material, or by ionization, for example with a stream of ionized air, or by polarization under the influence of an electric field.
- The aforementioned
central section 2 of the machine comprises a firstinfeed line 5 and a second infeedline 6 carrying packets 3 andsheets 4 respectively, and awrapping station 7 at which thefirst line 5 crosses thesecond line 6. In particular, the first infeedline 5 is designed to advance the packets 3 singly and in succession, proceeding transversely to their own longitudinal axes, along a first feed path 8 that crosses the secondinfeed line 6 at the point occupied by thewrapping station 7, whilst the second infeedline 6 is designed to advance thewrapping sheets 4 along asecond feed path 9 in apredetermined direction 9a that extends transversely to the first feed path 8 at thewrapping station 7, and to time the arrival of thesingle sheets 4 at thestation 7 with the approach of the packets 3 in such a way that each sheet will be engaged, folded into a U formation and diverted forcibly by a corresponding packet away from thesecond line 6 onto thefirst line 5. - In the example of fig 1, the
first line 5 comprises twoconveying devices second line 6, hence preceding and following thewrapping station 7, also atubular alignment guide 12 positioned along the feed path 8 and interconnecting theinitial device 10 with thewrapping station 7, of which theinternal passage 13 is proportioned to admit the single packet 3. Thepassage 13 connects with thestation 7 and with thesuccessive conveying device 11 by way of anoutlet 14 substantially coinciding with thestation 7, which is disposed transversely to the first feed path 8 and facing thesecond feed path 9. The oneconveying device 10 comprises afeed wheel 15 of conventional embodiment, affording a plurality of peripheral pockets orslots 16 of which one only is indicated, and anejector device 17 of which thepush rod 18 can be reciprocated along the first feed path 8 during operation in such a way as to dislodge each packet 3 in turn from therelative slot 16 and direct it through thepassage 13 when theslot 16 is aligned with theguide 12 along the feed path 8. Theother conveying device 11 consists likewise in awheel 19, keyed to a power drivenshaft 20 rotatable about arelative axis 21 in a clockwise direction, as viewed in fig 1. Thiswheel 19 similarly affords peripheral pockets orslots 22, each capable of movement through thestation 7 and designed to admit a single packet 3 together with therelative sheet 4 when aligned with the first feed path 8. - Observing fig 1 and fig 2, the second
infeed line 6 comprises aframe 23 afforded by a stationary part of themachine 1 and consisting in two mutuallyparallel walls 24 which extend along thesecond feed path 9, flanking the area occupied by the twopaths 8 and 9. The second infeedline 6 further comprises aroller feed mechanism 25 carried by an upper portion of theframe 23, affording a pair ofrollers 26 disposed in mutual opposition one on each side of thesecond feed path 9, between which acontinuous strip 27 of sheet material is pinched and directed toward thewrapping station 7. Theline 6 also comprises afirst conveying device 28, supported by an intermediate portion of theframe 23 following theroller feed mechanism 25 in the direction of thefeed path 9, by which thecontinuous strip 27 is taken up and cut transversely intosingle sheets 4. Lastly, the second infeedline 6 comprises asecond conveying device 29 mounted to a lower portion of theframe 23, by which thesheets 4 are taken up singly from thefirst conveying device 28, indexed along thefeed path 9 and brought to a halt at thewrapping station 7. - The
first conveying device 28 comprises aroller 30 suspended between the twoflank walls 24, keyed onto atransverse drive shaft 31 supported by the walls and rotatable thus intermittently about its own axis in an anticlockwise direction, as seen in fig 1. The body of theroller 30 is compassed by acylindrical surface 32 of which the developable length is substantially equal to the length of thesingle sheet 4, and onto which a plurality ofsuction ducts 33 emerge to interact both with thecontinuous strip 27 and with thesheets 4. Theroller 30 carries ablade 34 of which the cutting edge extends lengthwise along and projects marginally from thecylindrical surface 32. Thissame blade 34 is positioned to interact during each revolution of theroller 30 with afurther blade 35, supported between thewalls 24 of theframe 23 in a fixed position above thesecond conveying device 29, in such a way that thestrip 27 will be engaged and cut intosingle sheets 4. Thesecond conveying device 29 in question comprises two substantiallyidentical belt conveyors frame 23 adjacent to thewalls 24 and on opposite flanks of thesecond path 9, separated one from the other by a distance marginally less than the width of thesingle sheet 4. Eachsuch belt conveyor live pulley 38, keyed to a power drivenshaft 39 disposed transversely between thewalls 24 parallel with theshaft 31 of theroller 30, and rotatable thus about the axis of theshaft 39 in a clockwise direction as viewed in fig 1, also areturn pulley 40 keyed to a freely revolvingshaft 41 disposed parallel with theroller shaft 31 and located on the opposite side of the first path 8 from the power drivenshaft 39, and ajockey wheel 42 mounted rotatably to the respective wall '24. - The
pulleys belt conveyor belt 43 is fashioned from an electrostatically chargeable material and affords a conveyingbranch 44 offered to theguide 12. Thebelts 43 are disposed at a distance one from the other sufficient for a single packet 3 advancing along the first feed path 8 to pass through the resulting space and across thesecond feed line 6. The portion of eachbelt 43 looped around thelive pulley 38 is disposed substantially tangential to theroller 30, separated from therelative surface 32 by a relatively short distance and occupying what is in effect atransfer station 45, whilst the conveyingbranch 44 is disposed facing toward and substantially tangential to theoutlet 14 of thealignment guide 12 and extends preferably in contact with arespective plate 46 of insulating material rigidly connected with the relative wall 24 (theplates 46 are not in fact essential, and might be omitted). - In operation, the
strip 27 is decoiled from a roll (not illustrated) by the pinching action of thefeed mechanism 25 and directed forward over thesuccessive roller 30, clinging to therelative surface 32 as a result of the suction generated through theducts 33 preceding thetransfer station 45. Assuming that a leading portion of thestrip 27 becomes attached to the revolvingsurface 32 of theroller 30 over an area immediately preceding theblade 34 in the direction of rotation of theroller 30, the roller will advance thestrip 27 toward thenext conveying device 29 through a distance equal to the developable length of its own circumference, whereupon therevolving blade 34 meets thefixed blade 35 and asingle sheet 4 is cut. Before the cut is made, the leading portion of thestrip 27 will have separated from thecylindrical surface 32 at thetransfer station 45 and become attached to the two conveyingbranches 44 of thebelts 43, making contact along twolongitudinal portions 47 coinciding with two respective longitudinal margins of the strip material; now separated entirely from thestrip 27 by the action of theblades sheet 4 continues forward suspended between the twobranches 44 of thebelts 43 and draws to a halt at thewrapping station 7. - The sheet is caused to separate from the
surface 32 of theroller 30 in conventional manner by deactivating the suction, generated hitherto through therelative ducts 33, as the ducts rotate into alignment with thetransfer station 45. Suction is shut off by means of a directional control valve (conventional and therefore not illustrated), which will occupy a fixed position internally of theroller 30. - The leading portion of the
strip 27 is caused to cling initially to the conveyingbranches 44 of thebelts 43 without any vacuum assistance whatever, but simply by electrostatic attraction. Indeed given that bothbelt conveyors strip 27 are fashioned from an electrostatically chargeable material, it suffices to induce a charge in at least the strip material in order to bring about an electrostatically sustained connection between thelongitudinal portions 47 of the sheet material and thebelt conveyors - Where the
strip 27 is fashioned from a relatively thin transparent synthetic material, there will be no need to utilize any particular device for the purpose of inducing an electrostatic charge in thesheet 4, as a charge is induced naturally through frictional contact with the surrounding air. At all events, moisture in the air could have the effect of reducing either an existing electrostatic charge or the propensity of thestrip 27 to charge initially, in which case it may be advantageous to positionheater elements 48 anywhere along the path followed by thestrip 27 and/or thesheets 4, for example on theroller 30 and/or on thepulleys 38 and/or on the plates 46 (if fitted).Such heater elements 48 would be particularly advantageous when utilizing astrip 27 of heat-sealable material, since the time taken to heat-seal a preheatedsheet 4 will be less and the operating speed of themachine 1 thus increased. - In an alternative solution, not illustrated in the drawings, the
heater elements 48 might be replaced by a source of hot air such as will direct a warming jet over thestrip 27 and/or thesheets 4. - Alternatively, by fashioning at least the peripheral part of the
roller 30 from an insulating material, it will be possible to charge the sheet electrostatically by placing anelectrifying pad 49 in contact with thestrip 27 at a point preceding theroller 30. - Similarly, by fashioning the
pulleys jockey wheel 42 and the plates 46 (if fitted) from an insulating material, an electrostatic charge could be induced in each of thebelt conveyors electrifying pad 49 in contact with thebelts 43. - A further alternative, available where the
strip 27 is fashioned at least in part from a suitable conductive material (foil paper, for example), would be that of charging thestrip 27 and/or theconveyors respective nozzles 50 and 51. - Finally, there is the alternative of simply polarizing the
strip 27 and/or theconveyors transfer station 45 and thesecond conveying device 29 by means of suitablemetallic plates 52 carrying positive and negative charges of equal value. - Naturally enough, in a situation where requirements so dictate, two or more of the systems described above might be utilized in combination.
- Having come to a halt at the
wrapping station 7, thesheet 4 will be invested by a relative packet 3 caused forcibly by theejector device 17 to advance along the first feed line 8, and thereupon separates from thebelts 43; the sheet is now carried forward between thebelt conveyors relative slot 22 waiting motionless at thestation 7. - In an alternative embodiment of the
central section 2, thesuction ducts 33 might be dispensed with, and thestrip 27 retained on thesurface 32 of the roller by electrostatic attraction. - Likewise in this instance, the connection produced as a result of electrostatic attraction is brought about by inducing an electrostatic charge in the material of the
strip 27 and/or of theroller 30. To facilitate the separation of thestrip 27 from thecylindrical surface 32 at thetransfer station 45, thefeed line 6 might usefully incorporate either a scraper blade (not illustrated) disposed in contact with thesurface 32 at a point adjacent to thetransfer station 45, or a nozzle 53 located near thestation 45 and delivering a jet of ionizing fluid. Naturally the ionizing jet will carry a charge of polarity opposite to that carried by thestrip 27. Alternatively, and likewise to the end of facilitating the separation of thestrip 27 from thecylindrical surface 32 at thetransfer station 45, charges of opposite polarity might be maintained in the areas of thesurface 32 respectively preceding and following thestation 45; in particular, a portion of the revolvingsurface 32 that precedes thestation 45 might carry a charge of polarity opposite to that of the charge induced in thestrip 27, whilst a portion of thesurface 32 following the station would carry a charge of the same polarity as the charge induced in thestrip 27. - Finally, to guarantee easier handling of the
sheets 4 conveyed away from this samecentral section 2 of themachine 1, thesheets 4 can be rendered substantially devoid of any electrostatic charge when inside or in the region of theguide 12, by means of a conventional device such as that disclosed in DD 237 048, or by causing them to pass in close proximity to a grounded element.
Claims (17)
- A method for conveying sheet material (27, 4) along a predetermined feed path (9) and in a predetermined direction (9a) which leads to a wrapping station (7), comprising the steps of:
causing the sheet material (27,4) to enter into and remain in stable connection with a conveying device (29) at least along a part of the feed path (9) by electrostatic attraction,
characterized in that
said sheet material (27, 4) enters into and remains in connection with said conveying device (29) along two lateral portions (47) of the sheet material (27, 4) bordering two respective longitudinal margins of the sheet material (27,4), said sheet material (27, 4) will be electrostatically charged before bringing about the connection between the sheet material (27, 4) and the conveying device (29). - A method as in claim 1, wherein the conveying device (29) comprises conveyor means (36, 37) with which the sheet material (27, 4) is caused to enter into and remain in stable connection along lateral portions (47) afforded by the longitudinal margins of the selected material and disposed at a predetermined distance one from the other.
- A method as in claim 2, wherein the marginal lateral portions (47) extend longitudinally in a direction substantially parallel to the feed direction (9a).
- A method as in preceding claims, wherein the conveying device (29) with which the sheet material (27, 4) is brought into association comprises relative conveyor means (36, 37), the sheet material (27, 4) comprises a first material, the conveyor means (36, 37) comprise a second material, and at least the first material is charged electrostatically before bringing about the connection between the sheet material (27, 4) and the conveyor means (36, 37).
- A method as in claim 4, wherein at least the first materials is charged electrostatically by the direct frictional action of an electrifying medium.
- A method as in claim 5, wherein the electrifying medium is a fluid medium.
- A method as in claim 6, wherein the electrifying fluid medium is the ambient air surrounding the conveying device (29).
- A method as in claim 6, wherein the electrifying fluid medium is a stream of ionized air.
- A method as in claim 5, wherein the electrifying medium consists in a pad element (49) designed to electrify at least the first material by means of a wiping action.
- A method as in claims 4 to 9, comprising the further step of heating at least one of the two materials.
- A method as in claims 3 to 10, wherein the sheet material (27, 4) consists in a continuous strip (27) that is cut transversely into single sheets (4) at a point preceding the part of the feed path (9) along which the material (27, 4) is caused to be connected with the conveyor means (36, 37).
- A method as in claim 11, wherein the sheets (4) are wrapping sheets advanced by the conveying device (29) singly and in succession toward a wrapping station (7) effectively coinciding with the intersection between the relative feed path (9) and a further feed path (8) extending between the conveying means (36, 37), along which articles (3) for wrapping are advanced toward the wrapping station (7).
- A method as in claim 11 or 12, comprising the further step of feeding the continuous strip (27) to the conveying device (29) via an initial conveying and cutting device (28), disposed preceding the conveying device (29) along the feed direction (9a), by which the strip (27) is cut into the single sheets (4).
- A method as in claim 13, wherein the conveying and cutting device (28) occupies a position substantially tangential to the conveying device (29), and the further feeding step comprises the secondary steps of associating a leading portion of the strip (27) with the conveying and cutting device (28), advancing the leading portion toward the conveying device (29), causing the leading portion to separate from the conveying and cutting device (28) and to enter into and remain in stable contact with the conveying device (29), and thereupon cutting the strip (27) to produce a single sheet (4) that remains connected with the conveying device (29).
- A method as in claim 14, wherein the strip (27) is associated with the conveying and cutting device (28) by suction.
- A method as in claim 14, wherein the strip (27) is connected with the conveying and cutting device (28) by electrostatic attraction.
- A method as in claim 16, wherein the strip (27) is caused to separate from the conveying and cutting device (28) by eliminating the electrostatic attraction with an ionized stream of fluid.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITBO950008 | 1995-01-17 | ||
IT95BO000008A IT1278159B1 (en) | 1995-01-17 | 1995-01-17 | METHOD FOR CONVEYING SHEET MATERIAL |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0722898A1 EP0722898A1 (en) | 1996-07-24 |
EP0722898B1 true EP0722898B1 (en) | 2000-04-26 |
Family
ID=11340200
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96830015A Expired - Lifetime EP0722898B1 (en) | 1995-01-17 | 1996-01-17 | A method of conveying sheet material |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0722898B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH08230820A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69607863T2 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1278159B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ITBO20020529A1 (en) * | 2002-08-08 | 2004-02-09 | Gd Spa | METHOD FOR THE CONTROL OF WRAPPING MATERIAL IN |
DE10260712B3 (en) * | 2002-12-23 | 2004-08-05 | Tscheulin-Rothal Gmbh | Method and device for separating boards |
DE102022105779A1 (en) | 2022-03-11 | 2023-09-14 | Focke & Co. (Gmbh & Co. Kg) | Device and method for handling blanks for wrapping packages for cigarette industry products |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3690646A (en) * | 1970-07-08 | 1972-09-12 | Addressograph Multigraph | Electrostatic conveyor |
FR2127105A5 (en) * | 1971-02-23 | 1972-10-13 | Clark Aiken Internal Inc | |
NL8702623A (en) * | 1987-11-03 | 1989-06-01 | Sollas Holland Bv | DEVICE FOR MEASURING A FOIL STRIP FOR PACKING OBJECTS SUPPLIED FOR HORIZONTAL SUPPORT. |
US5121170A (en) * | 1989-05-12 | 1992-06-09 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Device for transporting sheet members using an alternating voltage |
-
1995
- 1995-01-17 IT IT95BO000008A patent/IT1278159B1/en active IP Right Grant
-
1996
- 1996-01-16 JP JP8004872A patent/JPH08230820A/en active Pending
- 1996-01-17 DE DE69607863T patent/DE69607863T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-01-17 EP EP96830015A patent/EP0722898B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69607863D1 (en) | 2000-05-31 |
IT1278159B1 (en) | 1997-11-17 |
ITBO950008A1 (en) | 1996-07-17 |
EP0722898A1 (en) | 1996-07-24 |
DE69607863T2 (en) | 2000-10-19 |
JPH08230820A (en) | 1996-09-10 |
ITBO950008A0 (en) | 1995-01-17 |
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