EP0721995B1 - Use of an iron based alloy for plastic molds - Google Patents
Use of an iron based alloy for plastic molds Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0721995B1 EP0721995B1 EP96890005A EP96890005A EP0721995B1 EP 0721995 B1 EP0721995 B1 EP 0721995B1 EP 96890005 A EP96890005 A EP 96890005A EP 96890005 A EP96890005 A EP 96890005A EP 0721995 B1 EP0721995 B1 EP 0721995B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- iron
- based alloy
- carbon
- hrc
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 38
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims description 22
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 19
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 14
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000669 Chrome steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002065 alloy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPBUGPUPKAGMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynemolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]#N GPBUGPUPKAGMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003682 vanadium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
Definitions
- the invention relates to the use of a chromium-containing, martensitic Iron-based alloy for plastic molds.
- Iron-based alloys with a chromium content of over 12% are used.
- temperable Cr steels come with approx. 13.0% Cr and approx. 0.2 or approx. 0.4% by weight C, for example according to DIN Material numbers 1.2082 and 1.2083, for use.
- This, essentially Iron and base alloys containing carbon and chromium are for less stressed forms can be used economically, but have the disadvantage that that for highly corrosive molding compounds and plastics with wearing additives insufficient tool life can be achieved.
- a stainless martensitic steel with nitrogen and reduced carbon contents is known from EP-0638 658 A1, this material from 14 to 17% by weight Chromium and from 0.10 to 0.70 wt .-% vanadium.
- Another heat resistant corrosion-resistant chrome steel with nitrogen concentrations of 0.20 to 1 wt .-% and a ratio of carbon: nitrogen from 0.4 to 0.8 is disclosed in DE 42 12 966 A1, which alloy contains 0.2 to 1.0% by weight vanadium and the elements tungsten and has nickel.
- the object of the invention was to avoid the above disadvantages and to use a chromium-containing martensitic iron-based alloy for thermally tempered plastic molds with High corrosion resistance and improved usage properties to propose which shapes economically small changes in size can be produced.
- the iron base alloy is nitrogen contains which element is a strong austenite former on the one hand and on the other hand formation of intermetallic hard phases with nitride-forming elements causes.
- concentrations of all essential alloying elements are included synergistically on each other, taking into account the effect of nitrogen the solidification, on the excretions, on the conversion kinetics in one Heat treatment and on the corrosion and cracking behavior of the Iron-based alloy matched so that when used according to the invention of the material for the production of thermally tempered plastic molds have significantly improved performance characteristics.
- a minimum content of 0.5% by weight of molybdenum is important to support the corrosion resistance or the stabilization of the surface passive layer, but contents higher than 3.0% by weight can have a ferrite-stabilizing effect, making it difficult to harden the alloy .
- Vanadium has a very high affinity for both carbon and nitrogen.
- the fine dispersed monocarbides (VC) or the mononitrides (VN) and the Mixed carbides are advantageously effective in the range from 0.04 to 0.4% by weight of vanadium regarding the material properties of the material in the tempered state, whereby particularly good hardness values and high in the range between 0.05 and 0.2% by weight V Tempering resistance with good dimensional stability of the shape were achieved presumably on the germination effect of the small homogeneously distributed Vanadium compounds is attributable. Levels from 0.1 are excluded % By weight vanadium.
- the total effect of carbon and nitrogen in the iron-based alloy is essential in the selected concentration ranges of the alloy metals.
- With a total content in the range from 0.5 to 1.2% by weight of C + N it has surprisingly been found that the fatigue strength in particular in the case of alternating stresses such as occurs in the case of plastic forms due to the filling cycles is significantly increased. This is probably due to the stabilization of the passive layer in the atomic or micro range caused by nitrogen and thus a avoidance of crack initiation by local material attack.
- Nitrogen atoms which will be examined in more detail, could have a beneficial effect on the material's alternating corrosion stress, as was found. Furthermore, with the above minimum total content, the cubic body-centered lattice obviously begins to be destabilized, so that there are no remaining areas with alpha and delta structures in the coating in a simple manner, which eliminates the tendency of the material to crack corrosion. With the same hardness and wear resistance, alloying the chromium-containing martensitic steel with carbon and nitrogen results in a lower carbide content, the matrix having increased strength, which significantly improves the performance properties of a highly stressed plastic mold.
- Tungsten contents up to 3.0% by weight improve hardness and wear resistance, however, higher values affect the high carbon affinity of tungsten because of the workability and the annealing behavior of the material.
- Niobium and / or titanium are monocarbide and mononitride formers in higher proportions; these become up to a concentration of 0.18% by weight or 0.2% by weight
- elements mainly stored in mixed carbide improve the mechanical properties of the steel and reduce the risk of overheating essential.
- Higher levels can be particularly high at carbon levels 0.7% by weight increase the brittleness of the molds.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung einer chromhältigen, martensitischen Eisenbasislegierung für Kunststofformen.The invention relates to the use of a chromium-containing, martensitic Iron-based alloy for plastic molds.
Für die Herstellung von korrosionsbeständigen Kunststofformen zur Verarbeitung von chemisch angreifenden Preßmassen werden vorwiegend Eisenbasislegierungen mit einem Chromgehalt von über 12 % verwendet. Je nach erforderlicher bzw. gewünschter Materialhärte kommen vergütbare Cr-Stähle mit ca. 13,0% Cr und ca. 0,2 oder ca. 0,4 Gew. -% C, zum Beispiel nach DIN Werkstoffnummer 1.2082 und 1.2083, zur Anwendung. Diese, im wesentlichen Kohlenstoff und Chrom enthaltende Eisenbasislegierungen sind für weniger beanspruchte Formen durchaus wirtschaftlich einsetzbar, haben aber den Nachteil, daß für hochkorrosive Preßmassen und Kunststoffe mit verschleißenden Zusätzen keine ausreichende Standzeiten des Werkzeuges erreicht werden.For the production of corrosion-resistant plastic molds for processing of chemically attacking molding compounds are predominant Iron-based alloys with a chromium content of over 12% are used. Depending on required or desired material hardness, temperable Cr steels come with approx. 13.0% Cr and approx. 0.2 or approx. 0.4% by weight C, for example according to DIN Material numbers 1.2082 and 1.2083, for use. This, essentially Iron and base alloys containing carbon and chromium are for less stressed forms can be used economically, but have the disadvantage that that for highly corrosive molding compounds and plastics with wearing additives insufficient tool life can be achieved.
Durch eine Erhöhung des Chromgehaltes auf ca. 14,5 Gew.-% und eine Anhebung des Kohlenstoffgehaltes auf ca.0,48 Gew.-% sowie einen Zusatz von ca. 0,25 Gew.-% Molybdän entsprechend der DIN Werkstoffnummer 1.2314 können besser korrosionsbeständige Eisenbasislegierungen für eine Kunststoffverarbeitung erhalten werden. Derartige Werkstoffe sind zumeist im praktischen Einsatz ausreichend beständig gegen chemischen Angriff, haben jedoch, insbesondere bei Mineralfasem enthaltenden Preßmassen, keinen ausreichenden Widerstand gegen Verschleiß.By increasing the chromium content to approx. 14.5% by weight and increasing it of the carbon content to about 0.48% by weight and an addition of about 0.25 % By weight of molybdenum according to DIN material number 1.2314 can do better corrosion-resistant iron-based alloys for plastics processing be preserved. Such materials are mostly in practical use sufficiently resistant to chemical attack, however, especially when Mineral fibers containing molding compounds, insufficient resistance to Wear.
Verbesserte Gebrauchseigenschaften von Kunststofformen betreffend Oxidation/Korrosion und Verschleiß sind durch vergleichsweise hohe Chromgehalte, hohe Kohlenstoffgehalte sowie Molybdän- und Vanadingehalte des verwendeten Stahls erreichbar. Eine dafür typische Eisenbasislegierung für hochbeanspruchte Kunststoffwerkzeuge stellt der Werkstoff Nr. 1.2361 gemäß DIN dar. Bei einer Herstellung von Werkzeugen bzw. Formen aus dieser Legierung kann jedoch ein Materialverzug bzw. eine ungleichmäßige Maßänderung entstehen, welcher bzw. welche oft teure Nacharbeiten oder ein Ausscheiden des angearbeiteten Teiles erfordem. Eine derartige ungleichmäßige Maßänderung, wie dem Fachmann bekannt ist, wird im wesentlichen durch eine Verformungstextur bzw. eine zeilige Anordnung der Karbide bewirkt. Wird nun, wie vorgeschlagen wurde, der Kohlenstoffgehalt und damit der Karbidanteil in der Matrix erniedrigt, so emiedrigt sich auch insbesondere der Verschleißwiderstand des Werkstoffes, wodurch die Abtragung der Form bei hoher Reibbeanspruchung vergrößert und die Standzeit verringert sind. Ein weiterer Nachteil eines hohen Kohlenstoffgehaltes besteht in einem geringen Dehnungsvermögen und einer geringen Zähigkeit des Stahls.Improved usage properties of plastic molds Oxidation / corrosion and wear are comparatively high Chromium contents, high carbon contents as well as molybdenum and vanadium contents of the used steel attainable. A typical iron base alloy for The highly stressed plastic tools are made of material no. 1.2361 according to DIN In the manufacture of tools or molds from this alloy However, there may be material distortion or an uneven dimensional change, which of which often expensive reworking or retirement of the processed part required. Such an uneven dimensional change, such as is known to the person skilled in the art, is essentially due to a deformation texture or a line arrangement of the carbides. Now, as suggested was reduced, the carbon content and thus the carbide content in the matrix, so the wear resistance of the material also decreases, whereby the removal of the form increases with high friction stress and the Tool life are reduced. Another disadvantage of a high carbon content consists in a low elasticity and a low toughness of the Steel.
Ein rostfreier martensitischer Stahl mit Stickstoff- und abgesenkten Kohlenstoff-Gehalten ist aus der EP- 0638 658 A1 bekannt, wobei dieser Werkstoff von 14 bis 17 Gew.-% Chrom und von 0,10 bis 0,70 Gew.-% Vanadin aufweist. Einen weiteren warmfesten korrosionsbeständigen Chromstahl mit Stickstoffkonzentrationen von 0,20 bis 1 Gew.-% und einem Verhältnis Kohlenstoff: Stickstoff von 0,4 bis 0,8 offenbart die DE 42 12 966 A1, welche Legierung von 0,2 bis 1,0 Gew.-% Vanadin besitzt sowie die Elemente Wolfram und Nlckel aufweist.A stainless martensitic steel with nitrogen and reduced carbon contents is known from EP-0638 658 A1, this material from 14 to 17% by weight Chromium and from 0.10 to 0.70 wt .-% vanadium. Another heat resistant corrosion-resistant chrome steel with nitrogen concentrations of 0.20 to 1 wt .-% and a ratio of carbon: nitrogen from 0.4 to 0.8 is disclosed in DE 42 12 966 A1, which alloy contains 0.2 to 1.0% by weight vanadium and the elements tungsten and has nickel.
Aufgabe der Erfindung war, obige Nachteile zu vermeiden und eine chromhältige, martensitische Eisenbasislegierung für thermisch vergütete Kunststofformen mit hoher Korrosionsbeständigkeit und verbesserte Gebrauchseigenschaften vorzuschlagen, welche Formen wirtschaftlich mit geringer Maßänderung herstellbar sind.The object of the invention was to avoid the above disadvantages and to use a chromium-containing martensitic iron-based alloy for thermally tempered plastic molds with High corrosion resistance and improved usage properties to propose which shapes economically small changes in size can be produced.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß die Verwendung einer Eisenbasislegierung mit der Zusammensetzung gemäß Anspruch 1 zur Herstellung thermisch vergüteter Kunststofformen mit einer Härte von mindestens 45 HRC , vorzugsweise von 50 bis 55 HRC, und mit hoher Korrosionsbeständigkeit vorgeschlagen.To achieve this object, the use of a Iron-based alloy with the composition according to claim 1 for the production thermally tempered plastic molds with a hardness of at least 45 HRC, preferably from 50 to 55 HRC, and with high corrosion resistance suggested.
Die durch die Erfindung erreichten Vorteile sind im wesentlichen darin zu sehen, daß der Formteil bzw. das Werkstück weitgehend isometrische Maßänderungen bei einer Wärmebehandlung zeigt. Weiters ist die Korrosionsbeständigkeit des Werkstoffes verbessert und dessen Matrix weist eine größere Homogenität auf. The advantages achieved by the invention are essentially to be seen in that the molded part or the workpiece largely isometric dimensional changes shows a heat treatment. Furthermore, the corrosion resistance of the Improved material and its matrix is more homogeneous.
Sowohl die mechanischen Eigenschaften als auch , vollkommen überraschend, die Verschleißfestigkeit der Kunststofformen aus der erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Legierung sind deutlich erhöht. Die Ursache für diese Eigenschaftsverbesserung des Formenmaterials wird darin gesehen, daß die Eisenbasislegierung Stickstoff enthält, welches Element einerseits ein starker Austenitbildner ist und andererseits mit nitridbildenden Elementen ein Entstehen intermetallischer harter Phasen bewirkt. Die Konzentrationen aller wesentlichen Legierungselemente sind dabei synergetisch aufeinander, unter Bedachtnahme auf die Wirkung des Stickstoffes auf die Erstarrung, auf die Ausscheidungen, auf die Umwandlungskinetik bei einer Wärmebehandlung und auf das Korrosions- sowie Rißverhalten der Eisenbasislegierung abgestimmt, so daß bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung des Werkstoffes zur Herstellung thermisch vergüteter Kunststofformen diese wesentlich verbesserte Gebrauchseigenschaften aufweisen. Im besonderen gilt dies für eine Hochglanzpolierbarkeit der Kunststofform, welche oft, unter anderem bei einer Verwendung der Form in der Elektronikindustrie, erforderlich ist. Alle Ursachen dafür sind wissenschaftlich noch nicht restlos geklärt, jedoch wurden folgende Zusammenhänge gefunden: Bei der Erstarrung und Verformung sowie einer üblichen Wämebehandlung sind die Konzentrationsunterschiede an Chrom in der Matrix des erfindungsgemäß verwendeten des Formmaterials gering und auch der Karbidanteil ist im Vergleich mit stickstoffreien martensitischen Chromstählen niedrig, was eine hohe Korrosionsbeständigkeit und offensichtlich eine besonders gute Hochglanzpolierbarkeit bewirkt. Niedrigere Cr-Gehalte als 14 Gew.-% führen jedoch zu einem sprunghaft erhöhten chemischen Angriff, insbesondere durch organische Säuren. Bei Chromgehalten über 25 Gew.-% wurden Versprödungserscheinungen des Werkstoffes bei der Verwendung für Kunststofformen beobachtet, wobei die besten Langzeitergebnisse bei Cr-Konzentrationen von 16, 0 bis 19,0 Gew.-% festgestellt wurden. Ausgenommen sind Gehalte bis 17 Gew.-% Chrom.Both the mechanical properties and, surprisingly, the Wear resistance of the plastic molds from that used according to the invention Alloy are significantly increased. The cause of this property improvement of the molding material is seen in that the iron base alloy is nitrogen contains which element is a strong austenite former on the one hand and on the other hand formation of intermetallic hard phases with nitride-forming elements causes. The concentrations of all essential alloying elements are included synergistically on each other, taking into account the effect of nitrogen the solidification, on the excretions, on the conversion kinetics in one Heat treatment and on the corrosion and cracking behavior of the Iron-based alloy matched so that when used according to the invention of the material for the production of thermally tempered plastic molds have significantly improved performance characteristics. This is especially true for a high gloss polishability of the plastic mold, which often, among other things use of the mold in the electronics industry. All The reasons for this have not yet been fully clarified scientifically, but have been found the following relationships: during solidification and deformation as well as The usual difference in heat treatment is the difference in concentration of chromium in the matrix of the molding material used according to the invention is low and also the carbide content is compared to nitrogen-free martensitic chrome steels low, which is high corrosion resistance and obviously a special one good polishability. Cr contents lower than 14% by weight lead however, to an abruptly increased chemical attack, especially through organic acids. At chrome contents over 25% by weight Embrittlement phenomena of the material when used for Plastic forms were observed, with the best long-term results at Cr concentrations from 16.0 to 19.0% by weight were found. With exception of Contains up to 17% by weight of chromium.
Zur Unterstützung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit bzw. der Stabilisierung der Oberflächen-Passivschicht ist ein Mindestgehalt von 0,5 Gew.-% Molybdän wichtig, höhere Gehalte als 3,0 Gew.-% können jedoch eine ferritstabilisierende Wirkung haben, wodurch eine Vergütbarkeit der Legierung erschwert wird. Besonders gute Ergebnisse auch hinsichtlich der Wirkung des Molybdännitrides ( Mo2N) auf die mechanischen Materialeigenschaften, insbesondere jedoch auf den Verschleißwiderstand wurden bei Gehalten im Bereich von 0,3 bis 1,5 Gew.-% Mo gefunden.A minimum content of 0.5% by weight of molybdenum is important to support the corrosion resistance or the stabilization of the surface passive layer, but contents higher than 3.0% by weight can have a ferrite-stabilizing effect, making it difficult to harden the alloy . Particularly good results, also with regard to the effect of molybdenum nitride (Mo 2 N) on the mechanical material properties, but in particular on the wear resistance, were found at contents in the range from 0.3 to 1.5% by weight of Mo.
Vanadin hat sowohl zu Kohlenstoff als auch zu Stickstoff eine sehr hohe Affinität. Die feinen dispers verteilten Monokarbide (VC) bzw. die Mononitride ( VN) und die Mischkarbide sind im Bereich von 0,04 bis 0,4 Gew.-% Vanadin vorteilhaft wirksam betreffend die Materialeigenschaften des Werkstoffes im vergüteten Zustand, wobei im Bereich zwischen 0,05 und 0,2 Gew.-% V besonders gute Härtewerte und hohe Anlaßbeständigkeit bei guter Maßhaltigkeit der Form erreicht wurden, was vermutlich auf die Keimwirkung der kleinen homogen verteilten Vanadinverbindungen zurückzuführen ist. Ausgenommen sind Gehalte ab 0,1 Gew.-% Vanadin.Vanadium has a very high affinity for both carbon and nitrogen. The fine dispersed monocarbides (VC) or the mononitrides (VN) and the Mixed carbides are advantageously effective in the range from 0.04 to 0.4% by weight of vanadium regarding the material properties of the material in the tempered state, whereby particularly good hardness values and high in the range between 0.05 and 0.2% by weight V Tempering resistance with good dimensional stability of the shape were achieved presumably on the germination effect of the small homogeneously distributed Vanadium compounds is attributable. Levels from 0.1 are excluded % By weight vanadium.
Von wesentlicher Bedeutung ist in den gewählten Konzentrationsbereichen der
Legierungsmetalle die Summenwirkung von Kohlenstoff und Stickstoff in der
Eisenbasislegierung. Bei Minimalkonzentrationen von entweder Kohlenstoff
und/oder Stickstoff von 0,25 bzw. 0,1 Gew.-% muß die Summe der Gehalte
mindestens 0,5 Gew.-% sein, um eine vorteilhafte Wechselwirkung der
Legierungselemente , wie vorher erwähnt, zu bewirken. Bei einem Summengehalt
im Bereich von 0,5 bis 1,2 Gew.-% C + N wurde überraschend gefunden, daß
insbesondere die Dauerfestigkeit bei Wechselbeanspruchungen wie sie bei
Kunststofformen der Füllzyklen wegen auftritt wesentlich erhöht ist. Wahrscheinlich
ist dies auf die durch Stickstoff bewirkte Stabilisierung der Passivschicht im
atomaren bzw. Mikro- Bereich und damit eine Vermeidung einer Rißinitiation durch
örtlichen Materialangriff zurückzuführen. Stickstoffatome könnten, was noch
genauer zu untersuchen sein wird, bei Korrosions- Wechselbeanspruchung des
Werkstoffes, wie gefunden wurde, eine günstige Wirkung ausüben. Weiters
beginnt bei obigem Mindest-Summengehalt offensichtlich eine Destabilisierung des
kubisch raumzentrierten Gitters, so daß bei der Vergütung in einfacher Weise keine
Restbereiche mit Alpha- und Deltagefüge verbleiben, was eine
Spannungsrißkorrosionsneigung des Werkstoffes ausschaltet. Bei gleicher Härte
und Verschleißfestgkeit ist durch ein Legieren des chromhältigen martensitischen
Stahles mit Kohlenstoff und Stickstoff ein geringerer Karbidgehalt gegeben, wobei
die Matrix eine erhöhte Festigkeit besitzt, was die Gebrauchseigenschaften einer
hochbeanspruchten Kunststofform wesentlich verbessert. Höhere Summenwerte
von Kohlenstoff und Stickstoff als 1,2 Gew.-% bewirken zwar eine außerordentlich
große Härte bei aufwendigen Anlaß- und Tiefkühlbehandlungen der Form, erhöhen
aber auch sprunghaft deren Bruchgefahr.
In einem Bereich von 0,61 bis 0,95 Gew.-% des Summengehaltes von Kohlenstoff
und Stickstoff der Eisenbasislegierung wurden bei daraus gefertigten thermisch
vergüteten Kunststofformen mit einer Materialhärte von 50 bis 55 HRC die höchsten
Standzeiten , insbesondere bei einer Verarbeitung von stark chemisch angreifenden
Preßmassen und Kunststoffen mit verschleißenden Zusätzen ermittelt. Dabei war
überraschend, daß die Haftung des Kunststoffproduktes bzw. Preßlings in der
Form, insbesondere bei hohen Produktionszahlen, wesentlich geringer war als bei
niedrigen Stickstoffkonzentrationen in der Legierung, was den Auswurf des
Preßgutes wesentlich erleichterte. Die Ursache für eine Verringerung der
Gleitreibung an der Formwand ist noch nicht vollkommen geklärt.The total effect of carbon and nitrogen in the iron-based alloy is essential in the selected concentration ranges of the alloy metals. At minimum concentrations of either carbon and / or nitrogen of 0.25 or 0.1% by weight, the sum of the contents must be at least 0.5% by weight in order to bring about an advantageous interaction of the alloying elements, as previously mentioned . With a total content in the range from 0.5 to 1.2% by weight of C + N, it has surprisingly been found that the fatigue strength in particular in the case of alternating stresses such as occurs in the case of plastic forms due to the filling cycles is significantly increased. This is probably due to the stabilization of the passive layer in the atomic or micro range caused by nitrogen and thus a avoidance of crack initiation by local material attack. Nitrogen atoms, which will be examined in more detail, could have a beneficial effect on the material's alternating corrosion stress, as was found. Furthermore, with the above minimum total content, the cubic body-centered lattice obviously begins to be destabilized, so that there are no remaining areas with alpha and delta structures in the coating in a simple manner, which eliminates the tendency of the material to crack corrosion. With the same hardness and wear resistance, alloying the chromium-containing martensitic steel with carbon and nitrogen results in a lower carbide content, the matrix having increased strength, which significantly improves the performance properties of a highly stressed plastic mold. Total values of carbon and nitrogen higher than 1.2% by weight bring about an extraordinarily great hardness in the case of complex tempering and deep-freezing treatments of the mold, but they also suddenly increase the risk of breakage.
In a range from 0.61 to 0.95% by weight of the total content of carbon and nitrogen of the iron-based alloy, the longest service lives were achieved with thermally tempered plastic molds with a material hardness of 50 to 55 HRC, especially when processing strongly chemically aggressive ones Pressing compounds and plastics with wearing additives determined. It was surprising that the adhesion of the plastic product or compact in the mold, in particular in the case of high production numbers, was significantly lower than at low nitrogen concentrations in the alloy, which made it easier to eject the compact. The cause of a reduction in sliding friction on the mold wall has not yet been fully clarified.
Wolframgehalte bis 3,0 Gew.-% verbessern die Härte und Verschleißfestigkeit, höhere Werte jedoch wirken sich der großen Kohlenstoffaffinität des Wolframs wegen nachteilig auf die Bearbeitbarkeit und das Glühverhalten des Materials aus.Tungsten contents up to 3.0% by weight improve hardness and wear resistance, however, higher values affect the high carbon affinity of tungsten because of the workability and the annealing behavior of the material.
Niob und/oder Titan sind in höheren Anteilen Monokarbid- und Mononitridbildner; bis zu einer Konzentration von 0,18 Gew.-% bzw. 0,2 Gew.-% werden diese Elemente jedoch hauptsächlich im Mischkarbid eingelagert, verbessern die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Stahles und verringern eine Überhitzungsgefahr wesentlich. Höhere Gehalte können insbesondere bei Kohlenstoffgehalten über 0,7 Gew..-% die Sprödigkeit der Formen erhöhen.Niobium and / or titanium are monocarbide and mononitride formers in higher proportions; these become up to a concentration of 0.18% by weight or 0.2% by weight However, elements mainly stored in mixed carbide improve the mechanical properties of the steel and reduce the risk of overheating essential. Higher levels can be particularly high at carbon levels 0.7% by weight increase the brittleness of the molds.
Kobalt und Nickel verbessern in geringen Gehalten bis 2,8 Gew.-% bzw. 3,9 Gew.-% die Materialzähigkeit, wobei Nickel , ein austenitbildendes Element, der Härtbarkeit wegen vorzugsweise einen Konzentrationswert von 1,5 Gew.-% nicht übersteigen sollte. Low levels of cobalt and nickel improve up to 2.8% by weight and 3.9, respectively % By weight of the material toughness, with nickel, an austenite-forming element, which Hardenability is not preferred because of a concentration value of 1.5% by weight should exceed.
Eine Verbesserung der Bearbeitbarkeit des Materials ist, wie an sich bekannt, durch ein Zulegieren von Schwefel mit einer Konzentration zwischen 0,02 und 0,45 Gew.-% erreichbar, wobei die günstigsten Werte in einem Konzentrationsbereich von 0,2 bis 0,3 Gew.-% gefunden wurden.As is known per se, an improvement in the machinability of the material is by alloying sulfur with a concentration between 0.02 and 0.45 % By weight achievable, the most favorable values in a concentration range from 0.2 to 0.3% by weight were found.
Zur weiteren Härtung bzw. Erhöhung der Verschleißfestigkeit der Oberfläche der Kunststofformen aus einer erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Eisenbasislegierung ist, wie umfangreiche Arbeiten zeigten, vorteilhaft, wenn insbesondere auf der Arbeitsfläche eine, vorzugsweise nach einem CVD- oder PVD-Verfahren hergestellte, Hartstoffschicht ausgebildet ist.To further harden or increase the wear resistance of the surface of the Is plastic molds made of an iron-based alloy used according to the invention, as extensive work has shown, advantageous if especially on the Work surface one, preferably according to a CVD or PVD process manufactured, hard material layer is formed.
Die Erfindung wird zwecks weiterer Verdeutlichung anhand von Beispielen, die in
einer Tabelle zusammengefaßt sind, nachfolgend beschrieben. Dabei wurden für
gleich ausgebildete, besonders hoch, jedoch gleichartig chemisch und auf
Verschleiß beanspruchte Kunststofformen acht Eisenbasislegierungen verwendet,
wobei die Ergebniswerte der Form aus dem zum Stand der Technik zu zählenden
DIN Werkstoff Nr. 1.2361 mit 100% gesetzt wurden, um vergleichend wesentliche
Eigenschaftswerte anderer Formen aus untertschiedlichen Werkstoffen deutlich
darstellen zu können. Die jeweiligen Werte sind gerundete Summenwerte.
Dabei sind das Korrosionsverhalten, die mechanischen Eigenschaften, die
Dauerfestigkeit, die Hartstoffbeschichtung und die Verschleißbestandszahl bei
höheren Ergebniswerten besser, eine geringere Maßbeständigkeit und eine bessere
Hochglanzpolierbarkeit des Werkstoffes werden durch geringere
Kennzeichnungszahlen angegeben.
Claims (3)
- Use of an iron-based alloy comprising, in % by weight:
C 0.25 to 1.0 Si to 1.0 Mn to 1.6 optionally S 0.02 to 0.45 N 0.10 to 0.35 Al to 1.0 Co to 2.8 Cr 14.0 to 25.0, excluding to 17.0 Mo 0.5 to 3.0 Ni to 3.9 V 0.04 to 0.4, excluding from 0.1 W to 3.0 Nb to 0.18 Ti to 0.20 - Use of an iron-based alloy comprising, in % by weight:
C 0.4 to 0.8 Si to 1.0 Mn 0.3 to 0.8 optionally S 0.20 to 0.30 N 0.12 to 0.29 Al 0.002 to 0.8 Co to 2.8 Cr 16.0 to 19.0, excluding to 17.0 Mo 0.8 to 1.5 Ni to 1.5 V 0.05 to 0.2, excluding from 0.1 W to 3.0 Nb to 0.18 Ti to 0.20 - Use of an iron-based alloy according to either one of claims 1 and 2, with a surface, in particular a working surface, on at least part of which is formed a hard-material layer, preferably of carbide and/or nitride and/or oxide in single or mixed forms, in particular of the elements titanium and/or vanadium and/or aluminium.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SI9630109T SI0721995T1 (en) | 1995-01-16 | 1996-01-10 | Use of an iron based alloy for plastic molds |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT54/95 | 1995-01-16 | ||
| AT5495 | 1995-01-16 | ||
| AT0005495A AT405193B (en) | 1995-01-16 | 1995-01-16 | USE OF A CHROMED MARTENSITIC IRON BASED ALLOY FOR PLASTICS |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0721995A2 EP0721995A2 (en) | 1996-07-17 |
| EP0721995A3 EP0721995A3 (en) | 1996-11-27 |
| EP0721995B1 true EP0721995B1 (en) | 1999-10-20 |
Family
ID=3480314
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96890005A Expired - Lifetime EP0721995B1 (en) | 1995-01-16 | 1996-01-10 | Use of an iron based alloy for plastic molds |
Country Status (16)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5641453A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0721995B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3438121B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1068073C (en) |
| AR (1) | AR000727A1 (en) |
| AT (2) | AT405193B (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9600095A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2167221C (en) |
| CO (1) | CO4560389A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59603379D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0721995T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2138315T3 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR3032228T3 (en) |
| PE (1) | PE5897A1 (en) |
| SI (1) | SI0721995T1 (en) |
| TR (1) | TR199600037A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6110300A (en) * | 1997-04-07 | 2000-08-29 | A. Finkl & Sons Co. | Tool for glass molding operations and method of manufacture thereof |
| AT407647B (en) * | 1999-05-10 | 2001-05-25 | Boehler Edelstahl | MARTENSITIC CORROSION RESISTANT CHROME STEEL |
| CN1143904C (en) * | 2000-01-17 | 2004-03-31 | 艾格斯特韦斯蒂格钢铁厂有限公司 | Chrome steel alloy |
| SE516622C2 (en) * | 2000-06-15 | 2002-02-05 | Uddeholm Tooling Ab | Steel alloy, plastic forming tool and toughened plastic forming tool |
| US6689312B2 (en) * | 2001-11-28 | 2004-02-10 | Sg Alternatives, L.L.C. | Alloy composition and improvements in mold components used in the production of glass containers |
| AT501794B1 (en) * | 2005-04-26 | 2008-06-15 | Boehler Edelstahl | PLASTIC FORM |
| JP2007009321A (en) | 2005-06-02 | 2007-01-18 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Steel for plastic molding die |
| JP5227359B2 (en) | 2010-04-07 | 2013-07-03 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Austenitic heat-resistant cast steel |
| CN103014510B (en) * | 2012-12-01 | 2015-05-13 | 滁州市成业机械制造有限公司 | High-strength cold-extrusion die steel and processing technology thereof |
| WO2015126311A1 (en) * | 2014-02-18 | 2015-08-27 | Uddeholms Ab | Stainless steel for a plastic mould and a mould made of the stainless steel |
| WO2015124169A1 (en) | 2014-02-18 | 2015-08-27 | Schmiedewerke Gröditz Gmbh | Chromium steel for machine parts subject to strong wear, in particular pelletization matrices |
| CN104018083B (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2016-01-06 | 重庆材料研究院有限公司 | Nitrogenous stainless bearing steel and preparation method |
| CN104164625B (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2016-08-31 | 中材装备集团有限公司 | The heat resisting steel of a kind of resistance to chlorine corrosion under worst hot case and using method thereof |
| CN105112801B (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2017-05-17 | 滁州迪蒙德模具制造有限公司 | Manufacturing method for nonmetal mold |
| US10508327B2 (en) | 2016-03-11 | 2019-12-17 | Daido Steel Co., Ltd. | Mold steel and mold |
| SE541151C2 (en) * | 2017-10-05 | 2019-04-16 | Uddeholms Ab | Stainless steel |
| CN108559925A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-09-21 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Mould steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN111074135B (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2021-07-06 | 河冶科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant tool steel and screw for rubber and plastic machinery |
| CN111575577B (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2021-11-02 | 攀钢集团江油长城特殊钢有限公司 | Plastic die round steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN115679194B (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2023-09-12 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Plastic mold steel plate and manufacturing method thereof |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3607461A (en) * | 1967-12-18 | 1971-09-21 | Trw Inc | Hot workability of austenitic stainless steel alloys |
| JPS4619774Y1 (en) * | 1970-02-25 | 1971-07-09 | ||
| JPS5361514A (en) * | 1976-11-16 | 1978-06-02 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Ferriteebased precipitation hardening type stainless steel |
| JPS53103918A (en) * | 1977-02-23 | 1978-09-09 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Steel for prehardened metal mold used for forming glass |
| JPS54115615A (en) * | 1978-02-28 | 1979-09-08 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Corrosion resistant alloy steel |
| AT393642B (en) * | 1988-06-21 | 1991-11-25 | Boehler Gmbh | USE OF AN IRON BASED ALLOY FOR THE POWDER METALLURGICAL PRODUCTION OF PARTS WITH HIGH CORROSION RESISTANCE, HIGH WEAR RESISTANCE AND HIGH TENSITY AND PRESSURE STRENGTH, ESPECIALLY FOR THE PROCESS |
| JPH0577308A (en) * | 1991-04-24 | 1993-03-30 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Screw for synthetic resin molding |
| DE4212966C2 (en) * | 1992-04-18 | 1995-07-13 | Ver Schmiedewerke Gmbh | Use of a martensitic chromium steel |
| FR2708939B1 (en) * | 1993-08-11 | 1995-11-03 | Sima Sa | Low carbon nitrogen martensitic steel and its manufacturing process. |
-
1995
- 1995-01-16 AT AT0005495A patent/AT405193B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-01-10 DE DE59603379T patent/DE59603379D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-01-10 DK DK96890005T patent/DK0721995T3/en active
- 1996-01-10 AT AT96890005T patent/ATE185853T1/en active
- 1996-01-10 EP EP96890005A patent/EP0721995B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-01-10 CO CO96000747A patent/CO4560389A1/en unknown
- 1996-01-10 JP JP02837896A patent/JP3438121B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-01-10 ES ES96890005T patent/ES2138315T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-01-10 SI SI9630109T patent/SI0721995T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-01-15 CN CN96100864A patent/CN1068073C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-01-15 CA CA002167221A patent/CA2167221C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-01-15 BR BR9600095A patent/BR9600095A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-01-16 AR ARP960101034A patent/AR000727A1/en unknown
- 1996-01-16 US US08/585,732 patent/US5641453A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-01-16 TR TR96/00037A patent/TR199600037A2/en unknown
- 1996-01-25 PE PE1996000039A patent/PE5897A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1999
- 1999-12-22 GR GR990403315T patent/GR3032228T3/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CO4560389A1 (en) | 1998-02-10 |
| TR199600037A2 (en) | 1996-08-21 |
| AR000727A1 (en) | 1997-08-06 |
| PE5897A1 (en) | 1997-04-21 |
| GR3032228T3 (en) | 2000-04-27 |
| BR9600095A (en) | 1998-01-27 |
| ATA5495A (en) | 1998-10-15 |
| CN1068073C (en) | 2001-07-04 |
| EP0721995A3 (en) | 1996-11-27 |
| DE59603379D1 (en) | 1999-11-25 |
| DK0721995T3 (en) | 2000-01-03 |
| CA2167221C (en) | 2000-10-10 |
| SI0721995T1 (en) | 2000-02-29 |
| CN1134987A (en) | 1996-11-06 |
| CA2167221A1 (en) | 1996-07-17 |
| EP0721995A2 (en) | 1996-07-17 |
| US5641453A (en) | 1997-06-24 |
| AT405193B (en) | 1999-06-25 |
| ES2138315T3 (en) | 2000-01-01 |
| JPH08253846A (en) | 1996-10-01 |
| ATE185853T1 (en) | 1999-11-15 |
| JP3438121B2 (en) | 2003-08-18 |
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