EP0718396A1 - Lubricant for metal forming - Google Patents
Lubricant for metal forming Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0718396A1 EP0718396A1 EP95118194A EP95118194A EP0718396A1 EP 0718396 A1 EP0718396 A1 EP 0718396A1 EP 95118194 A EP95118194 A EP 95118194A EP 95118194 A EP95118194 A EP 95118194A EP 0718396 A1 EP0718396 A1 EP 0718396A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
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- lubricant
- acrylic acid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
- C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M143/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation
- C10M143/02—Polyethene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M143/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation
- C10M143/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation containing aromatic monomer, e.g. styrene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
- C10M145/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate monocarboxylic
- C10M145/14—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M145/18—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M145/24—Polyethers
- C10M145/26—Polyoxyalkylenes
- C10M145/28—Polyoxyalkylenes of alkylene oxides containing 2 carbon atoms only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M145/18—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M145/24—Polyethers
- C10M145/26—Polyoxyalkylenes
- C10M145/36—Polyoxyalkylenes etherified
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/02—Water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
- C10M2201/042—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black halogenated, i.e. graphite fluoride
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/065—Sulfides; Selenides; Tellurides
- C10M2201/066—Molybdenum sulfide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/085—Phosphorus oxides, acids or salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/087—Boron oxides, acids or salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/022—Ethene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/04—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing aromatic monomers, e.g. styrene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/14—Synthetic waxes, e.g. polythene waxes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/108—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups etherified
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/242—Hot working
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/243—Cold working
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/247—Stainless steel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles
Definitions
- the invention relates to a lubricant concentrate for the cold forming of metals with a content of polyethylene, polyacrylate and styrene / acrylic acid copolymer and a method for facilitating the cold forming of metallic workpieces.
- thermosetting resin based on acrylate with a glass transition point of -10 to + 25 ° C, 3 to 15% by weight of wax and 0.5 up to 5% by weight of surfactant.
- the weight ratio of thermosetting resin to wax should be set to 2 to 12.
- the thermosetting resin is a copolymer of different monomers with a degree of polymerization of 1000 to 50,000 (DE-A-37 20 841).
- a concentrate for producing a formulation suitable for applying a lubricant coating, which contains a film-forming component, an olefin and a leveling agent.
- the ratio between film-forming component and polyolefin should be in the range from 0.25: 1 to 2: 1.
- Polymers and copolymers based on acrylate are mentioned as film-forming components.
- leveling agents di- or trihydric alcohols, glycol ethers, butyl cellosolves, surfactants or phosphate ethers and esters can be used.
- lubricants or lubricant concentrates have in common that they are unable to meet the demands made in practice, in particular with regard to lubricity, environmental protection, workplace hygiene and removability after forming.
- the object of the invention is to provide a lubricant concentrate for the formulation of a lubricant for the cold forming of metals, which also enables heavy forming in a satisfactory manner, which is essentially aqueous in nature and is therefore harmless with regard to environmental protection and workplace hygiene, and that after the forming can be easily removed.
- the lubricant concentrate according to the invention can be present both in solid form and in the form of a liquid concentrate.
- the acrylic acid component corresponding to polymers b) and c) will already be predominantly present as a salt of inorganic cations. If, however, the lubricant concentrate is solid, the acrylic acid component will generally be present as the free acid and the required amount of inorganic cations, for example in the form of their hydroxides, will be incorporated into the concentrate.
- the softening points of the individual components are distributed over the temperature range which is usually passed through during the deformation of the workpiece.
- This is a temperature range that is limited by the basic parameters of ambient temperature and 200 ° C (measured on the workpiece surface).
- the lubricant film gradually plastifies and can follow the surface enlargement that occurs without film breakage.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention provides a lubricant concentrate that has an additional content of Has 2 to 8 parts by weight of polyacrylate with a molecular weight of 3000 to 4500.
- the acrylic acid component should predominantly be present as a salt of inorganic cations under application conditions and the softening point of the component should be within the aforementioned temperature range.
- acrylic acid component of the lubricant concentrate is present as the salt of the cations ammonium, sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, zinc, bismuth and / or barium.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the invention consists in incorporating an additional content of 2 to 8 parts by weight of a copolymer of acrylic acid ester of ethanol and / or propanol and methacrylic acid with a molecular weight of at least 300,000 into the lubricant concentrate.
- the methacrylic acid component has to be predominantly present as a salt of inorganic cations under conditions of use, the salt-forming cation originating from the group ammonium, sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, zinc, bismuth and / or barium.
- the monomer ratio of acrylic acid ester: methacrylic acid is in the range from 3: 1 to 1: 1.
- lubricant concentrate according to the invention consist in an additional content of 5 to 15 parts by weight of a nonionic surfactant, preferably an ethoxylated fatty alcohol with more than 6 ethylene oxide groups, and / or in a further content of 12 to 25 parts by weight of ethylene / Acrylic acid copolymer with a molecular weight of 6000 to 10000 and one Monomer ratio ethylene: aryl acid in the range from 9: 1 to 2: 1.
- a nonionic surfactant preferably an ethoxylated fatty alcohol with more than 6 ethylene oxide groups
- ethylene / Acrylic acid copolymer with a molecular weight of 6000 to 10000 and one Monomer ratio ethylene: aryl acid in the range from 9: 1 to 2: 1.
- lubricant concentrate has an additional content of 2 to 8 parts by weight of sulfosuccinic diester.
- the invention also relates to a process for facilitating the cold forming of metallic workpieces with the aid of the lubricant concentrate described above, the lubricant which facilitates the cold forming being applied from an aqueous dispersion with 5 to 25% by weight of solids.
- the dispersion should expediently be applied in such a way that, after drying, a coating weight of 0.05 to 10 g / m 2 results.
- the lubricant film applied to the workpieces with the aid of the invention sufficiently meets the requirements, even if cold forming processes are carried out in several stages.
- the invention provides, in the case of particularly heavy reshaping, to produce a conversion coating, in particular a phosphate coating, on the workpieces before the lubricant is applied.
- the lubricant concentrate according to the invention can contain the pigments known per se, such as graphite, molybdenum disulfide, titanium phosphate and / or borate.
- each effective inhibitors are added for individual workpieces after application.
- lubricants can be applied to workpieces made of iron, steel, aluminum, zinc, copper and their alloys to facilitate cold forming.
- aqueous lubricant concentrate 62 parts by weight of deionized water were stirred vigorously 19 parts by weight of polyethylene with a particle size of 2 to 20 ⁇ m and a softening point of 140 ° C., 2.5 parts by weight of polyacrylate with a molecular weight of 8000, 2.5 parts by weight of styrene / acrylic acid copolymer with a molecular weight of 200,000, 2.5 parts by weight of polyacrylate with a molecular weight of 3700, 3 parts by weight of ethoxylated fatty alcohol with an average number of ethylene oxide groups of 8 and 8.5 parts by weight of a 35% by weight solution of ethylene / acrylic acid copolymer with a molecular weight of 8000 given.
- a stable dispersion with a solids content of 32.48% by weight was formed.
- the steel slugs pretreated in this way were then formed using the backward extrusion process.
- the press forces used for this were 666 kN, the ejection forces were 31 kN and the degree of deformation was 62%.
- the evaluation of the steel cups obtained showed that the entire surface had a closed phosphate / lubricant layer, i.e. contact between the workpiece and the tool - recognizable by scoring - had not taken place.
- the concentrate obtained according to Example 1 was diluted with deionized water in a weight ratio of 1: 1 to coat bright stainless steel pipes.
- the lubricant was applied by immersion for 3 minutes Room temperature and then drying.
- the lubricant film had a weight of 4 g / m2.
- Stainless steel tubes with the most varied dimensions and with the most varied degrees of deformation could be drawn without problems, without the formation of grooves.
- a lubricant concentrate was prepared by adding to 74.5 parts by weight of deionized water with stirring: 12 parts by weight of polyethylene with a particle size of 2 to 20 microns and a softening point of 140 ° C. 1.5 parts by weight of polyacrylate with a molecular weight of 8000 1.5 parts by weight of styrene / acrylic acid copolymer with a molecular weight of 200,000 1.5 parts by weight of polyacrylate with a molecular weight of 3700 1.5 parts by weight of a 25% dispersion of ethyl acrylate / methacrylic acid with a molecular weight of> 300000 and a monomer ratio of ethyl acrylate: methyl acrylate of 2: 1 2 parts by weight of ethoxylated fatty alcohol with an average number of 8 ethylene groups 5.5 parts by weight of a 35% by weight solution of ethylene / acrylic acid copolymer with a molecular weight of 8000 X5CrNi18.10 stainless steel
- a first batch of stainless steel wires was drawn to 1.5 mm in nine passes without applying new lubricant, which corresponds to a degree of deformation of 87.2%.
- a second batch was drawn in three stages to a final diameter of 1.82 mm - corresponding to a degree of deformation of 81.2%. In both cases, the results obtained were flawless.
- An aqueous lubricant concentrate was prepared by adding 70 parts by weight of deionized water with vigorous stirring 14.5 parts by weight of polyethylene with a particle size of 2 to 20 ⁇ m and a softening point of 140 ° C., 2.0 parts by weight of polyacrylate with a molecular weight of 5000, 2.0 parts by weight of styrene / acrylic acid copolymer with a molecular weight of 200,000, 2.0 parts by weight of polyacrylate with a molecular weight of 4200, 2.0 parts by weight of ethoxylated fatty alcohol with an average number of 8 ethylene oxide groups 6.5 parts by weight of a 35% by weight solution of ethylene / acrylic acid copolymer with a molecular weight of 6000 and 1.0 part by weight of diisooctyl sulfosuccinate were given. A stable dispersion with a solids content of 25.8% by weight was formed.
- the strips were then cut into round blanks and formed into deep-drawn parts for the automotive industry on a multi-stage press without any additional lubricant.
- the quality of the deep-drawn parts was perfect.
- the parts could then be easily cleaned with an aqueous, alkaline spray cleaner.
- An aqueous lubricant concentrate was prepared by adding 58 parts by weight of deionized water with vigorous stirring 16.5 parts by weight of polyethylene with a particle size of 2 to 20 ⁇ m and a softening point of 140 ° C., 2.0 parts by weight of polyacrylate with a molecular weight of 7700, 2.0 parts by weight of styrene / acrylic acid copolymer with a molecular weight of 200,000, 2.0 parts by weight of polyacrylate with a molecular weight of 4200, 2.5 parts by weight of ethoxylated fatty alcohol with an average number of 8 ethylene oxide groups 7.0 parts by weight of a 35% by weight solution of ethylene / acrylic acid copolymer with a molecular weight of 6000 and 10 parts by weight of graphite were given. A stable dispersion with a solids content of 37.45% by weight was formed.
- Bar-shaped raw material for the production of automobile steering parts was immersed in the lubricant bath at room temperature for 0.5 min. After the subsequent drying, the layer weight was 1.6 g / m2.
- the shaping was done by wobble presses to the ready-to-install state.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Schmiermittelkonzentrat für die Kaltumformung von Metallen mit einem Gehalt an Polyethylen, Polyacrylat und Styrol/Acrylsäure-Copolymer sowie ein Verfahren zur Erleichterung der Kaltumformung von metallischen Werkstücken.The invention relates to a lubricant concentrate for the cold forming of metals with a content of polyethylene, polyacrylate and styrene / acrylic acid copolymer and a method for facilitating the cold forming of metallic workpieces.
Bei der Kaltumformung von metallischen Werkstücken ist es üblich, die Werkstücke mit einem Überzug eines Schmiermittels zu versehen, um dadurch den Reibungswiderstand zwischen Oberfläche des Werkstückes und Umformungswerkzeug zu verringern. Für die Vorbereitung von Werkstücken für die Kaltumformung sind im wesentlichen zwei Verfahrensweisen gebräuchlich. Eine sieht vor, Schmiermittel mit Hochdruckadditiven oder Viskositätsregulatoren einzusetzen, wenn geringere Umformungsgrade gefordert sind. Die andere Verfahrensweise besteht darin, zunächst aus organischer Phase einen Schmiermittelfilm auf Harzbasis und anschließend ein Schmieröl aufzubringen. Diese Arbeitsweise wird üblicherweise angewendet, wenn schwere Umformungen beabsichtigt sind.In the cold forming of metallic workpieces, it is customary to provide the workpieces with a coating of a lubricant in order to thereby reduce the frictional resistance between the surface of the workpiece and the forming tool. There are two main methods of preparing workpieces for cold forming. One provides for the use of lubricants with high pressure additives or viscosity regulators when lower degrees of deformation are required. The other procedure consists of first applying a resin-based lubricant film from the organic phase and then applying a lubricating oil. This procedure is usually used when heavy reshaping is intended.
In jüngerer Zeit nimmt die Verwendung von Schmiermitteln für die unterschiedlichsten Zwecke ständig zu. Bei schweren Umformungsbedingungen erfüllen die vorgenannten Schmiermittelsysteme ihre Aufgabe nicht mehr zufriedenstellend. Gewisse Probleme hinsichtlich Umweltschutz und Arbeitsplatzhygiene ergeben sich aus dem häufig vorhandenen Gehalt an organischen Lösungsmitteln. Auch Aspekte der Feuergefährlichkeit spielen eine oft bedeutende Rolle.Recently, the use of lubricants for a variety of purposes has been increasing steadily. In the case of severe forming conditions, the aforementioned lubricant systems no longer perform their task satisfactorily. Certain problems with regard to environmental protection and workplace hygiene result from the frequently present content of organic solvents. Aspects of flammability also often play an important role.
Von einer weiteren erheblichen Bedeutung bei der Anwendung von Schmiermitteln ist, ob der nach der Umformung auf dem Werkstück verbliebene Schmiermittelfilm in einfacher Weise, z.B. mit Hilfe eines wäßrigen Reinigers, zu entfernen ist.Of further considerable importance in the use of lubricants is whether the lubricant film remaining on the workpiece after forming is simple, e.g. with the help of an aqueous cleaner.
Bei Harz enthaltenden Schmiermitteln spielen insbesondere solche auf Basis Acrylatharz eine besondere Rolle. So ist es beispielsweise aus EP-A-0 175 547 bekannt, Schmiermittel zur Kaltumformung von Metallrohren einzusetzen, die eine Dispersion eines näher definierten Butylacrylat/Methylmethacrylat-Ester-Copolymers aufweisen.In the case of resin-containing lubricants, especially those based on acrylic resin play a special role. For example, it is known from EP-A-0 175 547 to use lubricants for the cold forming of metal pipes which have a dispersion of a more precisely defined butyl acrylate / methyl methacrylate ester copolymer.
Ein anderes Schmiermittel für die Kaltumformung von Metallen weist einen Gehalt an 10 bis 35 Gew.-% eines wärmehärtbaren Harzes auf Acrylatbasis mit einem Glasübergangspunkt von -10 bis +25°C, an 3 bis 15 Gew.-% Wachs und an 0,5 bis 5 Gew.-% Tensid auf. Dabei soll das Gewichtsverhältnis von wärmehärtbarem Harz zu Wachs auf 2 bis 12 eingestellt sein. Das wärmehärtbare Harz stellt ein Copolymerisat unterschiedlicher Monomere mit einem Polymerisationsgrad von 1000 bis 50000 dar (DE-A-37 20 841).Another lubricant for the cold forming of metals has a content of 10 to 35% by weight of a thermosetting resin based on acrylate with a glass transition point of -10 to + 25 ° C, 3 to 15% by weight of wax and 0.5 up to 5% by weight of surfactant. The weight ratio of thermosetting resin to wax should be set to 2 to 12. The thermosetting resin is a copolymer of different monomers with a degree of polymerization of 1000 to 50,000 (DE-A-37 20 841).
Schließlich ist ein Konzentrat zur Herstellung einer zum Aufbringen eines Schmiermittelüberzuges geeigneten Formulierung bekannt, die eine filmbildende Komponente, ein Olefin und ein Verlaufsmittel enthält. Das Verhältnis zwischen filmbildender Komponente und Polyolefin soll im Bereich von 0,25 : 1 bis 2 : 1 liegen. Als filmbildende Komponente sind Polymere und Copolymere auf Acrylatbasis genannt. Als sogenannte Verlaufsmittel können zwei- oder dreiwertige Alkohole, Glykolether, Butylcellosolve, Tenside oder Phosphatether und -ester eingesetzt werden.Finally, a concentrate is known for producing a formulation suitable for applying a lubricant coating, which contains a film-forming component, an olefin and a leveling agent. The ratio between film-forming component and polyolefin should be in the range from 0.25: 1 to 2: 1. Polymers and copolymers based on acrylate are mentioned as film-forming components. As so-called leveling agents, di- or trihydric alcohols, glycol ethers, butyl cellosolves, surfactants or phosphate ethers and esters can be used.
Den vorgenannten Schmiermitteln bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentraten ist gemeinsam, daß sie die in der Praxis gestellten Forderungen, insbesondere hinsichtlich Schmiervermögen, Umweltschutz, Arbeitsplatzhygiene und Entfernbarkeit nach der Umformung, nicht zu erfüllen vermögen.The above-mentioned lubricants or lubricant concentrates have in common that they are unable to meet the demands made in practice, in particular with regard to lubricity, environmental protection, workplace hygiene and removability after forming.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Schmiermittelkonzentrat zur Formulierung eines Schmiermittels für die Kaltumformung von Metallen bereitzustellen, das auch schwere Umformungen in zufriedenstellender Weise ermöglicht, das im wesentlichen wäßriger Natur ist und somit im Hinblick auf Umweltschutz und Arbeitsplatzhygiene unbedenklich ist, und das nach der Umformung in einfacher Weise entfernt werden kann.The object of the invention is to provide a lubricant concentrate for the formulation of a lubricant for the cold forming of metals, which also enables heavy forming in a satisfactory manner, which is essentially aqueous in nature and is therefore harmless with regard to environmental protection and workplace hygiene, and that after the forming can be easily removed.
Die Aufgabe wird gelöst, indem das Schmiermittelkonzentrat der eingangs genannten Art entsprechend der vorliegenden Erfindung in der Weise formuliert wird, daß es - bezogen auf den Feststoffanteil - einen Gehalt an
- a) 20 bis 50 Gew.-Teilen Polyethylen mit einem Erweichungspunkt oberhalb 120°C und einer Teilchengröße im Bereich von 0,1 bis 50 µm,
- b) 2 bis 8 Gew.-Teilen Polyacrylat mit einem Molekulargewicht von 4500 bis 10000 sowie
- c) 2 bis 8 Gew.-Teilen Styrol/Acrylsäure-Copolymer mit einem Molekulargewicht von 150000 bis 250000 und einem Glasübergangspunkt von 45 bis 55°C
- a) 20 to 50 parts by weight of polyethylene with a softening point above 120 ° C. and a particle size in the range from 0.1 to 50 μm,
- b) 2 to 8 parts by weight of polyacrylate with a molecular weight of 4500 to 10000 and
- c) 2 to 8 parts by weight of styrene / acrylic acid copolymer with a molecular weight of 150,000 to 250,000 and a glass transition point of 45 to 55 ° C.
Das erfindungsgemäße Schmiermittelkonzentrat kann sowohl in fester Form als auch in Form eines flüssigen Konzentrates vorliegen.The lubricant concentrate according to the invention can be present both in solid form and in the form of a liquid concentrate.
Für den Fall, daß das Schmiermittelkonzentrat in wäßriger Form vorliegt, wird die Acrylsäurekomponente entsprechend den Polymeren b) und c) bereits zum überwiegenden Teil als Salz anorganischer Kationen vorliegen. Sofern jedoch das Schmiermittelkonzentrat fest ist, wird die Acrylsäurekomponente in der Regel als freie Säure vorhanden sein und dem Konzentrat die erforderliche Menge an anorganischen Kationen in Form beispielsweise ihrer Hydroxide einverleibt sein.In the event that the lubricant concentrate is in aqueous form, the acrylic acid component corresponding to polymers b) and c) will already be predominantly present as a salt of inorganic cations. If, however, the lubricant concentrate is solid, the acrylic acid component will generally be present as the free acid and the required amount of inorganic cations, for example in the form of their hydroxides, will be incorporated into the concentrate.
Wesentlich für das erfindungsgemäße Schmiermittelkonzentrat bzw. das mit Hilfe des Schmiermittelkonzentrates auf dem Werkstück aufgebrachte Schmiermittel ist, daß sich die Erweichungspunkte der einzelnen Komponenten über den Tenmperaturbereich verteilen, der üblicherweise während der Verformung des Werkstückes durchlaufen wird. Hierbei handelt es sich um einen Temperaturbereich, der durch die Eckwerte Umgebungstemperatur und 200°C (gemessen an der Werkstückoberfläche) begrenzt wird. Infolge der Verteilung der Erweichungspunkte der einzelnen Polymere über den genannten Temperaturbereich plastifiziert sich der Schmierstoffilm stufenweise und kann die auftretende Oberflächenvergrößerung ohne Filmbruch mitvollziehen.It is essential for the lubricant concentrate according to the invention or the lubricant applied to the workpiece with the aid of the lubricant concentrate that the softening points of the individual components are distributed over the temperature range which is usually passed through during the deformation of the workpiece. This is a temperature range that is limited by the basic parameters of ambient temperature and 200 ° C (measured on the workpiece surface). As a result of the distribution of the softening points of the individual polymers over the temperature range mentioned, the lubricant film gradually plastifies and can follow the surface enlargement that occurs without film breakage.
Eine bevorzugte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht ein Schmiermittelkonzentrat vor, daß einen zusätzlichen Gehalt an 2 bis 8 Gew.-Teilen Polyacrylat mit einem Molekulargewicht von 3000 bis 4500 aufweist. Auch in diesem Fall soll die Acrylsäurekomponente unter Anwendungsbedingungen zum überwiegenden Teil als Salz anorganischer Kationen vorliegen und sich der Erweichungspunkt der Komponente innerhalb des vorgenannten Temperaturbereiches befinden.A preferred embodiment of the invention provides a lubricant concentrate that has an additional content of Has 2 to 8 parts by weight of polyacrylate with a molecular weight of 3000 to 4500. In this case too, the acrylic acid component should predominantly be present as a salt of inorganic cations under application conditions and the softening point of the component should be within the aforementioned temperature range.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Acrylsäurekomponente des Schmiermittelkonzentrates als Salz der Kationen Ammonium, Natrium, Kalium, Lithium, Calcium, Zink, Wismut und/oder Barium vorliegt.It is particularly advantageous if the acrylic acid component of the lubricant concentrate is present as the salt of the cations ammonium, sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, zinc, bismuth and / or barium.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht darin, dem Schmiermittelkonzentrat einen zusätzlichen Gehalt an 2 bis 8 Gew.-Teilen eines Copolymerisates aus Acrylsäureester des Ethanols und/oder Propanols und der Methacrylsäure mit einem Molekulargewicht von mindestens 300000 einzuverleiben. Auch in diesem Fall hat die Methacrylsäurekomponente unter Anwendungsbedingungen zum überwiegenden Teil als Salz anorganischer Kationen vorzuliegen, wobei das salzbildende Kation aus der Gruppe Ammonium, Natrium, Kalium, Lithium, Calcium, Zink, Wismut und/oder Barium stammt. Das Monomerenverhältnis Acrylsäureester : Methacrylsäure liegt im Bereich von 3 : 1 bis 1 : 1.A further advantageous embodiment of the invention consists in incorporating an additional content of 2 to 8 parts by weight of a copolymer of acrylic acid ester of ethanol and / or propanol and methacrylic acid with a molecular weight of at least 300,000 into the lubricant concentrate. In this case too, the methacrylic acid component has to be predominantly present as a salt of inorganic cations under conditions of use, the salt-forming cation originating from the group ammonium, sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, zinc, bismuth and / or barium. The monomer ratio of acrylic acid ester: methacrylic acid is in the range from 3: 1 to 1: 1.
Weitere bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittelkonzentrates bestehen in einem zusätzlichen Gehalt an 5 bis 15 Gew.-Teilen eines nichtionischen Tensides, vorzugsweise eines ethoxylierten Fettalkoholes mit mehr als 6 Ethylenoxidgruppen, und/oder in einem weiteren Gehalt an 12 bis 25 Gew.-Teilen Ethylen/Acrylsäure-Copolymer mit einem Molekulargewicht von 6000 bis 10000 und einem Monomerenverhältnis Ethylen : Arylsäure im Bereich von 9 : 1 bis 2 : 1.Further preferred embodiments of the lubricant concentrate according to the invention consist in an additional content of 5 to 15 parts by weight of a nonionic surfactant, preferably an ethoxylated fatty alcohol with more than 6 ethylene oxide groups, and / or in a further content of 12 to 25 parts by weight of ethylene / Acrylic acid copolymer with a molecular weight of 6000 to 10000 and one Monomer ratio ethylene: aryl acid in the range from 9: 1 to 2: 1.
Schließlich besteht eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung des Schmiermittelkonzentrates darin, daß es einen zusätzlichen Gehalt an 2 bis 8 Gew.-Teilen Sulfobernsteinsäurediester aufweist.Finally, an advantageous development of the lubricant concentrate is that it has an additional content of 2 to 8 parts by weight of sulfosuccinic diester.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist auch ein Verfahren zur Erleichterung der Kaltumformung von metallischen Werkstücken mit Hilfe des vorstehend beschriebenen Schmiermittelkonzentrates, wobei man das die Kaltumformung erleichternde Schmiermittel aus einer wäßrigen Dispersion mit 5 bis 25 Gew.-% Feststoff aufbringt. Zweckmäßigerweise sollte die Applikation aus der Dispersion in der Weise erfolgen, daß nach dem Trocknen ein Überzugsgewicht von 0,05 bis 10 g/m² resultiert.The invention also relates to a process for facilitating the cold forming of metallic workpieces with the aid of the lubricant concentrate described above, the lubricant which facilitates the cold forming being applied from an aqueous dispersion with 5 to 25% by weight of solids. The dispersion should expediently be applied in such a way that, after drying, a coating weight of 0.05 to 10 g / m 2 results.
Üblicherweise genügt der mit Hilfe der Erfindung auf den Werkstücken aufgebrachte Schmiermittelfilm den gestellten Anforderungen in ausreichendem Maße, selbst wenn Kaltumformungsprozesse in mehreren Stufen durchgeführt werden.Usually, the lubricant film applied to the workpieces with the aid of the invention sufficiently meets the requirements, even if cold forming processes are carried out in several stages.
Entsprechend einer weiteren vorteilhaften Weiterbildung sieht die Erfindung bei besonders schweren Umformungen vor, auf den Werkstücken vor der Aufbringung des Schmiermittels einen Konversionsüberzug, insbesondere einen Phosphatüberzug, zu erzeugen.In accordance with a further advantageous development, the invention provides, in the case of particularly heavy reshaping, to produce a conversion coating, in particular a phosphate coating, on the workpieces before the lubricant is applied.
Das erfindungsgemäße Schmiermittelkonzentrat kann die an sich bekannten Pigmente, wie Graphit, Molybdändisulfid, Titanphosphat und/oder Borat enthalten. Außerdem können je nach Anwendungsfall für einzelne Werkstücke wirksame Inhibitoren zugesetzt werden.The lubricant concentrate according to the invention can contain the pigments known per se, such as graphite, molybdenum disulfide, titanium phosphate and / or borate. In addition, each effective inhibitors are added for individual workpieces after application.
Mit Hilfe des erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittelkonzentrates können Schmiermittel zur Erleichterung der Kaltumformung auf Werkstücke aus Eisen, Stahl, Aluminium, Zink, Kupfer und deren Legierungen aufgebracht werden.With the aid of the lubricant concentrate according to the invention, lubricants can be applied to workpieces made of iron, steel, aluminum, zinc, copper and their alloys to facilitate cold forming.
Die Erfindung wird anhand der nachfolgenden Beispiele beispielsweise und näher erläutert.The invention is illustrated by the following examples, for example and in more detail.
Zur Herstellung eines wäßrigen Schmiermittelkonzentrates wurden zu 62 Gew.-Teilen vollentsalztem Wasser unter kräftigem Rühren
19 Gew.-Teile Polyethylen mit einer Teilchengröße von 2 bis 20 µm und einem Erweichungspunkt von 140°C,
2,5 Gew.-Teile Polyacrylat mit einem Molekulargewicht von 8000,
2,5 Gew.-Teile Styrol/Acrylsäure-Copolmer mit einem Molekulargewicht von 200000,
2,5 Gew.-Teile Polyacrylat mit einem Molekulargewicht von 3700,
3 Gew.-Teile ethoxylierter Fettalkohol mit einer mittleren Ethylenoxidgruppenzahl von 8 sowie
8,5 Gew.-Teile einer 35 Gew.-%igen Lösung von Ethylen/Acrylsäure-Copolymer mit einem Molekulargewicht von 8000
gegeben. Es entstand eine stabile Dispersion mit einem Feststoffgehalt von 32,48 Gew.-%.To prepare an aqueous lubricant concentrate, 62 parts by weight of deionized water were stirred vigorously
19 parts by weight of polyethylene with a particle size of 2 to 20 μm and a softening point of 140 ° C.,
2.5 parts by weight of polyacrylate with a molecular weight of 8000,
2.5 parts by weight of styrene / acrylic acid copolymer with a molecular weight of 200,000,
2.5 parts by weight of polyacrylate with a molecular weight of 3700,
3 parts by weight of ethoxylated fatty alcohol with an average number of ethylene oxide groups of 8 and
8.5 parts by weight of a 35% by weight solution of ethylene / acrylic acid copolymer with a molecular weight of 8000
given. A stable dispersion with a solids content of 32.48% by weight was formed.
1 Gew.-Teil dieses Konzentrates wurde in 4 Gew.-Teilen vollentsalztem Wasser ebenfalls unter Rühren homogen verteilt, um ein für die Tauchbehandlung bestimmtes Schmiermittelbad zu erhalten.1 part by weight of this concentrate was also homogeneously distributed in 4 parts by weight of deionized water, with stirring, in order to obtain a lubricant bath intended for the immersion treatment.
Bei Raumtemperatur phosphatierte Stahlbutzen mit den Abmessungen 25 mm Durchmesser und 25 mm Höhe wurden für die Dauer von 1 min in das bei 20°C befindliche Schmiermittelbad getaucht und anschließend getrocknet. Der auf diese Weise erzielte Schmiermittelauftrag betrug 1,2 g/m².Steel slugs phosphated at room temperature with the dimensions 25 mm in diameter and 25 mm in height were immersed in the lubricant bath at 20 ° C. for 1 minute and then dried. The lubricant applied in this way was 1.2 g / m².
Anschließend wurden die so vorbehandelten Stahlbutzen im Napfrückwärtsfließpreßverfahren umgeformt. Es lagen die hierfür angewendeten Preßkräfte bei 666 kN, die Ausstoßkräfte bei 31 kN und der Umformungsgrad bei 62 %. Die Bewertung der erhaltenen Stahlnäpfchen ergab, daß die gesamte Oberfläche eine geschlossene Phosphat/Schmiermittelschicht besaß, d.h. ein Kontakt zwischen Werkstück und Werkzeug - erkennbar durch Riefenbildung - nicht stattgefunden hatte.The steel slugs pretreated in this way were then formed using the backward extrusion process. The press forces used for this were 666 kN, the ejection forces were 31 kN and the degree of deformation was 62%. The evaluation of the steel cups obtained showed that the entire surface had a closed phosphate / lubricant layer, i.e. contact between the workpiece and the tool - recognizable by scoring - had not taken place.
Das gemäß Beispiel 1 gewonnene Konzentrat wurde zum Beschichten blanker Edelstahlrohre mit vollentsalztem Wasser im Gewichtsverhältnis 1 : 1 verdünnt. Die Applikation des Schmiermittels erfolgte durch 3 min langes Tauchen bei Raumtemperatur und anschließendes Trocknen. Der Schmiermittelfilm hatte ein Gewicht von 4 g/m². Es ließen sich Edelstahlrohre mit unterschiedlichsten Abmessungen und mit unterschiedlichsten Umformungsgraden problemlos ziehen, ohne daß eine Riefenbildung festzustellen war.The concentrate obtained according to Example 1 was diluted with deionized water in a weight ratio of 1: 1 to coat bright stainless steel pipes. The lubricant was applied by immersion for 3 minutes Room temperature and then drying. The lubricant film had a weight of 4 g / m². Stainless steel tubes with the most varied dimensions and with the most varied degrees of deformation could be drawn without problems, without the formation of grooves.
Es wurde ein Schmiermittelkonzentrat hergestellt, indem in 74,5 Gew.-Teilen vollentsalztem Wasser unter Rühren eingetragen wurden:
12 Gew.-Teile Polyethylen mit einer Teilchengröße von 2 bis 20 µm und einem Erweichungspunkt von 140°C
1,5 Gew.-Teile Polyacrylat mit einem Molekulargewicht von 8000
1,5 Gew.-Teile Styrol/Acrylsäure-Copolymer mit einem Molekulargewicht von 200000
1,5 Gew.-Teile Polyacrylat mit einem Molekulargewicht von 3700
1,5 Gew.-Teile einer 25 %igen Dispersion von Ethylacrylat/Methacrylsäure mit einem Molekulargewicht von > 300000 und einem Monomerenverhältnis von Ethylacrylat : Methylacrylat von 2 : 1
2 Gew.-Teile ethoxyliertem Fettalkohol mit einer mittleren Ethylengruppenzahl von 8
5,5 Gew.-Teile einer 35 Gew.-%igen Lösung von Ethylen/Acrylsäure-Copolymer mit einem Molekulargewicht von 8000
Drähte aus Edelstahl der Qualität X5CrNi18.10 mit einem Durchmesser von 4,2 mm wurden in einem Schmiermittelbad von Raumtemperatur 1 min im Tauchen behandelt und anschließend getrocknet. Das Schmiermittelbad war durch Verdünnung von 70 Gew.-Teilen Konzentrat mit 30 Gew.-Teilen vollentsalztem Wasser hergestellt worden.A lubricant concentrate was prepared by adding to 74.5 parts by weight of deionized water with stirring:
12 parts by weight of polyethylene with a particle size of 2 to 20 microns and a softening point of 140 ° C.
1.5 parts by weight of polyacrylate with a molecular weight of 8000
1.5 parts by weight of styrene / acrylic acid copolymer with a molecular weight of 200,000
1.5 parts by weight of polyacrylate with a molecular weight of 3700
1.5 parts by weight of a 25% dispersion of ethyl acrylate / methacrylic acid with a molecular weight of> 300000 and a monomer ratio of ethyl acrylate: methyl acrylate of 2: 1
2 parts by weight of ethoxylated fatty alcohol with an average number of 8 ethylene groups
5.5 parts by weight of a 35% by weight solution of ethylene / acrylic acid copolymer with a molecular weight of 8000
X5CrNi18.10 stainless steel wires with a diameter of 4.2 mm were immersed in a lubricant bath at room temperature for 1 min and then dried. The lubricant bath was prepared by diluting 70 parts by weight of concentrate with 30 parts by weight of deionized water.
Eine erste Partie Edelstahldrähte wurde ohne erneuten Schmiermittelauftrag in neun Zügen auf 1,5 mm gezogen, was einem Umformungsgrad von 87,2 % entspricht. Eine zweite Partie wurde in drei Stufen auf einen Enddurchmesser von 1,82 mm - entsprechend einem Umformungsgrad von 81,2 % - gezogen. In beiden Fällen waren die erzielten Ergebnisse einwandfrei.A first batch of stainless steel wires was drawn to 1.5 mm in nine passes without applying new lubricant, which corresponds to a degree of deformation of 87.2%. A second batch was drawn in three stages to a final diameter of 1.82 mm - corresponding to a degree of deformation of 81.2%. In both cases, the results obtained were flawless.
Es wurde ein wäßriges Schmiermittelkonzentrat hergestellt, indem zu 70 Gew.-Teilen vollentsalztem Wasser unter kräftigem Rühren
14,5 Gew.-Teile Polyethylen mit einer Teilchengröße von 2 bis 20 µm und einem Erweichungspunkt von 140°C,
2,0 Gew.-Teile Polyacrylat mit einem Molekulargewicht von 5000,
2,0 Gew.-Teile Styrol/Acrylsäure-Copolymer mit einem Molekulargewicht von 200000,
2,0 Gew.-Teile Polyacrylat mit einem Molekulargewicht von 4200,
2,0 Gew.-Teile ethoxylierter Fettalkohol mit einer mittleren Ethylenoxidgruppenzahl von 8 sowie
6,5 Gew.-Teile einer 35 Gew.-%igen Lösung von Ethylen/Acrylsäure-Copolymer mit einem Molekulargewicht von 6000 sowie
1,0 Gew.-Teile Sulfobernsteinsäurediisooctylester
gegeben wurden. Es entstand eine stabile Dispersion mit einem Feststoffgehalt von 25,8 Gew.-%.An aqueous lubricant concentrate was prepared by adding 70 parts by weight of deionized water with vigorous stirring
14.5 parts by weight of polyethylene with a particle size of 2 to 20 μm and a softening point of 140 ° C.,
2.0 parts by weight of polyacrylate with a molecular weight of 5000,
2.0 parts by weight of styrene / acrylic acid copolymer with a molecular weight of 200,000,
2.0 parts by weight of polyacrylate with a molecular weight of 4200,
2.0 parts by weight of ethoxylated fatty alcohol with an average number of 8 ethylene oxide groups
6.5 parts by weight of a 35% by weight solution of ethylene / acrylic acid copolymer with a molecular weight of 6000 and
1.0 part by weight of diisooctyl sulfosuccinate
were given. A stable dispersion with a solids content of 25.8% by weight was formed.
1 Gew.-Teil dieses Konzentrates wurde in 4 Gew.-Teilen vollentsalztem Wasser unter Rühren homogen verteilt, um ein für die Rollcoaterbeschichtung bestimmtes Schmiermittel zu erhalten.1 part by weight of this concentrate was homogeneously distributed in 4 parts by weight of completely deionized water with stirring in order to obtain a lubricant intended for the roll coater coating.
Stahl- und Aluminiumband - jeweils blank und phosphatiert - wurde mit dem auf 30°C erwärmten Schmiermittel in der Weise beschichtet, daß nach dem Auftrocknen ein Schmiermittelfilm von 0,6 g/m² resultierte.Steel and aluminum strips - each bare and phosphated - were coated with the lubricant heated to 30 ° C. in such a way that a lubricant film of 0.6 g / m² resulted after drying.
Anschließend wurden die Bänder in Ronden geschnitten und auf einer Mehrstufenpresse ohne weitere Schmierstoffzugabe zu Tiefziehteilen für die Automobilindustrie umgeformt. Die Beschaffenheit der Tiefziehteile war einwandfrei. Die Teile konnten anschließend mit einem wäßrigen, alkalischen Spritzreiniger ohne Schwierigkeiten gereinigt werden.The strips were then cut into round blanks and formed into deep-drawn parts for the automotive industry on a multi-stage press without any additional lubricant. The quality of the deep-drawn parts was perfect. The parts could then be easily cleaned with an aqueous, alkaline spray cleaner.
Ein wäßriges Schmiermittelkonzentrat wurde hergestellt, indem zu 58 Gew.-Teilen vollentsalztem Wasser unter kräftigem Rühren
16,5 Gew.-Teile Polyethylen mit einer Teilchengröße von 2 bis 20 µm und einem Erweichungspunkt von 140°C,
2,0 Gew.-Teile Polyacrylat mit einem Molekulargewicht von 7700,
2,0 Gew.-Teile Styrol/Acrylsäure-Copolmer mit einem Molekulargewicht von 200000,
2,0 Gew.-Teile Polyacrylat mit einem Molekulargewicht von 4200,
2,5 Gew.-Teile ethoxylierter Fettalkohol mit einer mittleren Ethylenoxidgruppenzahl von 8 sowie
7,0 Gew.-Teile einer 35 Gew.-%igen Lösung von Ethylen/Acrylsäure-Copolymer mit einem Molekulargewicht von 6000 sowie
10 Gew.-Teile Graphit
gegeben wurden. Es entstand eine stabile Dispersion mit einem Feststoffgehalt von 37,45 Gew.-%.An aqueous lubricant concentrate was prepared by adding 58 parts by weight of deionized water with vigorous stirring
16.5 parts by weight of polyethylene with a particle size of 2 to 20 μm and a softening point of 140 ° C.,
2.0 parts by weight of polyacrylate with a molecular weight of 7700,
2.0 parts by weight of styrene / acrylic acid copolymer with a molecular weight of 200,000,
2.0 parts by weight of polyacrylate with a molecular weight of 4200,
2.5 parts by weight of ethoxylated fatty alcohol with an average number of 8 ethylene oxide groups
7.0 parts by weight of a 35% by weight solution of ethylene / acrylic acid copolymer with a molecular weight of 6000 and
10 parts by weight of graphite
were given. A stable dispersion with a solids content of 37.45% by weight was formed.
1 Gew.-Teil dieses Konzentrates wurde in 3 Gew.-Teilen vollentsalztem Wasser unter Rühren homogen verteilt, um ein für die Tauchbehandlung bestimmtes Schmiermittelbad zu erhalten.1 part by weight of this concentrate was homogeneously distributed in 3 parts by weight of demineralized water with stirring in order to obtain a lubricant bath intended for immersion treatment.
Stangenförmiges Rohmaterial für die Herstellung von Automobillenkungsteilen wurden bei Raumtemperatur 0,5 min in das Schmiermittelbad getaucht. Nach dem anschließenden Trocknen lag das Schichtgewicht bei 1,6 g/m².Bar-shaped raw material for the production of automobile steering parts was immersed in the lubricant bath at room temperature for 0.5 min. After the subsequent drying, the layer weight was 1.6 g / m².
Die Formgebung erfolgte durch Taumelpressen zum einbaufertigen Zustand.The shaping was done by wobble presses to the ready-to-install state.
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4445993A DE4445993A1 (en) | 1994-12-22 | 1994-12-22 | Lubricant for metal forming |
DE4445993 | 1994-12-22 | ||
US09/137,804 US6034041A (en) | 1994-12-22 | 1998-08-20 | Lubricant for metal forming |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0718396A1 true EP0718396A1 (en) | 1996-06-26 |
EP0718396B1 EP0718396B1 (en) | 2001-02-28 |
Family
ID=25943172
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95118194A Expired - Lifetime EP0718396B1 (en) | 1994-12-22 | 1995-11-18 | Lubricant for metal forming |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6034041A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0718396B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE4445993A1 (en) |
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US6532784B1 (en) * | 1998-09-04 | 2003-03-18 | Henkel Corporation | Mechanical hydroforming with improved lubrication |
US6899770B1 (en) | 1999-03-04 | 2005-05-31 | Henkel Corporation | Composition and process for treating metal surfaces |
AU6212000A (en) * | 1999-07-13 | 2001-01-30 | Century Chemical Corporation | Improved process and product for lubricating metal prior to cold forming |
JP3866896B2 (en) * | 2000-03-17 | 2007-01-10 | 日華化学株式会社 | Aqueous mold release agent for low speed injection mold casting. |
US20030181340A1 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2003-09-25 | Botz Frank K. | Lubricants suitable for hydroforming and other metal manipulating applications |
MXPA03002096A (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2004-09-10 | Henkel Kgaa | Hydroforming lubricants. |
DE10115696A1 (en) * | 2001-03-29 | 2002-10-10 | Henkel Kgaa | Lubricant mixture and its use |
JP2003013082A (en) * | 2001-07-02 | 2003-01-15 | Hoshizaki Electric Co Ltd | Modifying agent for lubrication grease |
US7625848B2 (en) * | 2001-12-11 | 2009-12-01 | Southwest Research Institute | Anti-traction compositions |
US7405184B2 (en) * | 2001-12-11 | 2008-07-29 | Southwest Research Institute | Anti-traction, mobility denial methods and products |
WO2003050192A1 (en) * | 2001-12-11 | 2003-06-19 | Southwest Research Institute | Antitraction lubricious coating system |
US7186443B2 (en) * | 2004-05-14 | 2007-03-06 | Southwest Research Institute | Systems and methods for dispensing an anti-traction, mobility denial material |
US7465360B2 (en) | 2005-05-02 | 2008-12-16 | Southwest Research Institute | Methods for removing a dispersed lubricious coating from a substrate |
US20070029207A1 (en) * | 2005-08-05 | 2007-02-08 | Alcoa Inc. | Oxide coating for enhancing metal formability |
TWI457432B (en) | 2008-01-30 | 2014-10-21 | Chemetall Gmbh | Process for coating metallic surface with a wax-coataining lubricant composition |
TWI457431B (en) | 2008-01-30 | 2014-10-21 | Chemetall Gmbh | Process for coating a metallic surface with a lubricant composition |
TWI457433B (en) | 2008-01-30 | 2014-10-21 | Chemetall Gmbh | Process for coating metallic surfaces with a phosphate layer and then with a polymer lubricant layer |
US9192973B1 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2015-11-24 | Meier Tool & Engineering, Inc. | Drawing process for titanium |
JP6157259B2 (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2017-07-05 | 株式会社Moresco | Lubricant composition for impact press processing, metal workpiece and coating method |
JP2015074767A (en) * | 2013-10-11 | 2015-04-20 | 貴和化学薬品株式会社 | Lubricant for plastic working |
JP2017159357A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2017-09-14 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Method of manufacturing metal cylindrical body, method of manufacturing electrophotographic photoconductor substrate, method of manufacturing electrophotographic photoconductor, and metal ingot for impact pressing |
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-
1994
- 1994-12-22 DE DE4445993A patent/DE4445993A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
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- 1995-11-18 EP EP95118194A patent/EP0718396B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1998
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6034041A (en) | 2000-03-07 |
EP0718396B1 (en) | 2001-02-28 |
DE4445993A1 (en) | 1996-06-27 |
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