EP0713937A1 - Iron soleplate - Google Patents

Iron soleplate Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0713937A1
EP0713937A1 EP95420330A EP95420330A EP0713937A1 EP 0713937 A1 EP0713937 A1 EP 0713937A1 EP 95420330 A EP95420330 A EP 95420330A EP 95420330 A EP95420330 A EP 95420330A EP 0713937 A1 EP0713937 A1 EP 0713937A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
iron according
sole
edge
heating body
iron
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Granted
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EP95420330A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0713937B1 (en
Inventor
Jean Louis Brandolini
Michel Forest
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SEB SA
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SEB SA
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Publication of EP0713937B1 publication Critical patent/EP0713937B1/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F75/00—Hand irons
    • D06F75/38—Sole plates

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the general technical field of devices designed to ensure the shaping of a textile article such as a garment, by subjecting it to the combined action of a heat treatment, a mechanical ironing treatment. and possibly a steam treatment.
  • the present invention relates to an iron comprising a heating body, a soleplate associated with the heating body, a heating circuit, associated or not with a vaporization chamber.
  • the thermal energy transmitted to the ironing sole is conventionally provided by heating elements such as tubular heating elements or also by heating elements of the flat type including a resistive track.
  • the resistive track forms a heating circuit defining a heating zone on the ironing sole, said track being inserted between two films of electrical insulator adhering against each other and also holding the track in place. resistive.
  • it is important to maintain or control the temperature of the soleplate below a set temperature.
  • regulation means or temperature sensors for example a thermostat, arranged in the iron in thermal relation with the heating element.
  • the present invention relates to the soles of such irons, more particularly at the outer surface thereof intended to be in contact with the laundry.
  • the iron soles currently on the market are conventionally produced from an aluminum alloy foundry piece constituting the body. heater, comprising the heating element and whose outer surface intended to be in contact with the linen is emery and / or polished. This relatively old solution tends to disappear because it gives poor sliding performance and ease of maintenance.
  • the object of the invention is to produce an iron soleplate by combining at least two materials in such a way that the advantages of each are combined according to the optimal characteristics sought for each zone of the soleplate.
  • its object is to produce a sole of which the material of the lower surface, in particular the central portion of the sole, is selected so as to favor above all the gliding and cleanability, the leading edge or edges of said sole being made of a material favoring above all impact resistance.
  • Another object of the invention consists in making a sole whose ironing characteristics are improved.
  • the sole is made from two materials: enameled aluminum and stainless steel.
  • the edges of the sole are made of stainless steel and the substantially central portion of the sole is made of aluminum, preferably enameled.
  • the sole has better resistance, especially when deposits on the iron rest, because experience has shown that the edges are the most exposed.
  • the substantially central portion of the enameled sole retains its properties of good sliding ability.
  • Figures 1 and 2 illustrate a first preferred embodiment of the iron according to the invention, comprising a vaporization chamber (not shown). Chimneys 3 formed in a heating body 4 ensure the delivery of steam from the chamber to the vaporization orifices 2.
  • the sole is generally made up of a first material with a low coefficient of friction covering at least in part its lower surface and having characteristics such as to give it qualities of resistance to wear, but especially gliding and cleanability.
  • a second material covers at least a lateral and / or lower part of its contour 4c and has characteristics which give it qualities of impact resistance.
  • the edge element 6 covers on the one hand the lower part of the edge 4c, thus forming the lower edge of the sole 6a; on the other hand, the rim 6 has an extension 6b folded so as to also cover at least a portion of the lateral edge of the sole.
  • the side edge 6b is formed by an extension of the lower edge of the sole 6a folded so as to extend substantially vertically along the contour 4c. It is understood that the inclination and the height of this portion 6b can vary according to the construction of the iron. It is the same for the width of the portion 6a. According to simplified variants, provision is made to limit the reinforced sole in a first case to the single portion 6a; in a second case, to the single portion 6b.
  • the border element 6 is arranged in the zone of the toe 7 of the sole 1.
  • the border element 6 can be placed both in the zone of the toe 7 and / or in the zone of the heel 8 of said sole, and / or in any other portion advantageous contour of the sole, according to the desired characteristics.
  • border element 6 surrounds the entire outline of this sole.
  • the border element 6 is fixed to the tip 7 and / or the heel 8 of the lower part 4a of the heating body 4, on the one hand by bonding C of the lower border 6a against the lower surface 4b of said body 4 and on the other hand by fixing lugs 9 punctually coming from said rim 6 and able to penetrate into housings 10 of the lower part 4a of the heating body 4 to be immobilized there by twisting.
  • Bonding is preferably carried out by means of a silicone adhesive.
  • the second variant shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 differs essentially from the previous one in that the border element 6A is formed from a strip, shaped to form a U-shaped section profile, closed on itself and advantageously arranged over the entire contour of the lower part 4a of the heating body 4 to grip it fixedly by peripheral crimping.
  • the border element 6A is formed from a strip, shaped to form a U-shaped section profile, closed on itself and advantageously arranged over the entire contour of the lower part 4a of the heating body 4 to grip it fixedly by peripheral crimping.
  • other types of section could be considered.
  • At least one of the branches 11, 12 of the U of the profile constituting the border element 6A, preferably, the lower branch 12, is bonded to the lower surface 4b of the heating body 4 with which it is in contact so as to strengthen its fixation.
  • the low friction coefficient plate 5 is obtained by cutting out a selected material, on which are provided vaporization orifices 2 intended furthermore to ensure fixing. by crimping, of known type, said plate 5 into corresponding holes 13 in the lower part 4a of the heating body 4.
  • This fixing can be reinforced here again by association of a silicone adhesive C interposed between the plate 5 and the heating body 4.
  • the fixing of the various elements of the sole is most often carried out by gluing
  • the border element 6 can be manufactured from another type of metallic alloy, such as for example titanium, or from a non-metallic material, such as for example a material of the type ceramic.
  • the method of fixing the edge 6 differs slightly.
  • the plate 5 with a low coefficient of friction preferably has a side flange folded upwards. Furthermore, unlike the previous embodiment, this plate advantageously occupies an area corresponding substantially to the entire surface of the sole.
  • the assembly of the edge 6 having good impact resistance characteristics is preferably obtained by stamping or cold stamping under high pressure of the plate 6 of relatively hard material against the plate 5 of material softer to ensure their connection by interpenetration of materials; the softer material 5 penetrating into the openings 14 provided in the harder material 6, as shown in FIG. 7.
  • Other modes of assembling conferring similar results such as for example hot stamping, can also be considered.
  • the effect of cold pressing is twofold: there is both penetration of the hard material 6 into the soft material 5 and creep of the soft material which comes to fill the orifices 14 provided in the hard material .
  • This filling effect comparable to the installation of a rivet, provides a rigid and durable support.
  • the arrangement or distribution of the orifices can vary according to an infinite number of possibilities, depending on the shape of the border 6a, the number of openings 14, their shape, their size, etc. In the example presented, the openings are circular.
  • these openings can take a multitude of forms, according to the imagination of the designer. This allows for a design that is both functional and aesthetic, the distribution can even be used to provide certain visual, decorative effects, or to reproduce certain geometric shapes, patterns, lettering or other.
  • the dimensional limits are very variable, depending on the configuration, the materials used, the impact pressure, etc.
  • the penetration space must be large enough to allow the creep of the soft material, without however using excessive dimensions, which would risk making mechanical connection between the two materials difficult.
  • this method of fixing the strip 6 by interpenetration of the materials makes it possible to obtain an edge effect due to the presence of the micro-edges 15 situated at the junction of the two materials, at the periphery of the openings 14. It has been found that the presence of these micro-edges 15 has a beneficial effect on ironing.
  • the plate 5 with a low coefficient of friction is obtained by cutting a sheet of aluminum, preferably enameled, while the border element 6 is preferably made of stainless steel.
  • the plate 5 and / or the border element 6 can obviously be made from other types of material.
  • the border element 6 can be made of titanium alloy.
  • Figure 6 illustrates a variant of this latter embodiment where the plate 5 is replaced by the body 4 whose lower surface 4 'is shaped to play the role of the plate 5 of the previous embodiment.
  • the plate 5 is therefore in fact replaced by the lower surface 4 ′ of the body 4.
  • the material used must obviously lend itself to cold stamping, and meet the gliding and cleanability requirements desired for the central portion of the sole.
  • part of the strip 6 is provided in a given material, at least another part being made of at least one other material.
  • the percentage of relatively soft material flush through the openings used for the attachment can vary considerably, but is generally between 5% and 40%, and preferably around 20%. .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Irons (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

The domestic laundry iron, with or without a steamer, has a sole (1) of one material (5) with a low friction coefficient at least at the inner surface zone, with resistance to wear, giving a good sliding and cleaning action. A second material (6) covers at least part of the contour (4c), to form an edge which is a buffer against impact. The sole material (5) is an Al or Ti alloy, and the second material (6) is of stainless steel or ceramics.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte au domaine technique général des appareils conçus pour assurer la mise en forme d'un article textile tel qu'un vêtement, en le soumettant à l'action combinée d'un traitement thermique, d'un traitement mécanique de repassage et éventuellement d'un traitement à la vapeur.The present invention relates to the general technical field of devices designed to ensure the shaping of a textile article such as a garment, by subjecting it to the combined action of a heat treatment, a mechanical ironing treatment. and possibly a steam treatment.

La présente invention concerne un fer à repasser comprenant un corps de chauffe, une semelle associée au corps de chauffe, un circuit de chauffe, associé ou non à une chambre de vaporisation.The present invention relates to an iron comprising a heating body, a soleplate associated with the heating body, a heating circuit, associated or not with a vaporization chamber.

Dans les fers à repasser de l'art antérieur, l'énergie thermique transmise à la semelle de repassage, est classiquement fournie par des éléments chauffants tels que des éléments chauffants tubulaires ou encore par des éléments chauffants de type plat incluant une piste résistive. Dans ce demier cas, la piste résistive forme un circuit de chauffe définissant sur la semelle de repassage une zone de chauffe, ladite piste étant insérée entre deux films d'isolant électrique adhérant l'un contre l'autre et maintenant en place également la piste résistive. Dans l'un ou l'autre cas il importe de maintenir ou contrôler la température de la semelle de repassage en deçà d'une température de consigne. A cette fin il est classique d'avoir recours à des moyens de régulation ou capteurs de température, par exemple un thermostat, disposés dans le fer à repasser en relation thermique avec l'élément chauffant.In the irons of the prior art, the thermal energy transmitted to the ironing sole is conventionally provided by heating elements such as tubular heating elements or also by heating elements of the flat type including a resistive track. In this latter case, the resistive track forms a heating circuit defining a heating zone on the ironing sole, said track being inserted between two films of electrical insulator adhering against each other and also holding the track in place. resistive. In either case, it is important to maintain or control the temperature of the soleplate below a set temperature. To this end, it is conventional to use regulation means or temperature sensors, for example a thermostat, arranged in the iron in thermal relation with the heating element.

La présente invention se rapporte aux semelles de tels fers à repasser, plus particulièrement au niveau de la surface extérieure de celles-ci destinées à être en contact avec le linge.The present invention relates to the soles of such irons, more particularly at the outer surface thereof intended to be in contact with the laundry.

Les semelles de fer à repasser actuellement sur le marché sont classiquement réalisées à partir d'une pièce de fonderie en alliage d'aluminium constituant le corps de chauffe, comportant l'élément chauffant et dont la surface extérieure destinée à être en contact avec le linge est émerisée et/ou polie. Cette solution relativement ancienne tend à disparaître car donnant des performances médiocres en glissement et en facilité d'entretien.The iron soles currently on the market are conventionally produced from an aluminum alloy foundry piece constituting the body. heater, comprising the heating element and whose outer surface intended to be in contact with the linen is emery and / or polished. This relatively old solution tends to disappear because it gives poor sliding performance and ease of maintenance.

Il est également connu, selon une technique plus récente, de réaliser des semelles en acier inoxydable qui offre une bonne résistance à l'usure et aux chocs, notamment des bords, mais des performances moyennes en glissement sur le linge.It is also known, according to a more recent technique, to produce stainless steel soles which offer good resistance to wear and impact, in particular edges, but average sliding performance on the linen.

Il a également été proposé des semelles en aluminium ou en cuivre émaillé, ayant des bonnes performances en glissement et en facilité d'entretien. Par contre, pour de telles semelles, la résistance à l'usure et aux chocs, en particulier des bords est nettement moins bonne que dans le cas précité de l'inox.Aluminum or enameled copper soles have also been proposed, having good sliding performance and ease of maintenance. On the other hand, for such soles, the resistance to wear and impact, in particular of the edges, is clearly less good than in the aforementioned case of stainless steel.

On connaît également des modes d'exécution consistant à utiliser des semelles en aluminium ayant subi des traitements de surface. Toutefois dans ce cas, c'est la durée de vie liée à l'usure du traitement de surface qui est le plus souvent mis en cause.There are also known embodiments consisting in using aluminum soles which have undergone surface treatments. However, in this case, it is the lifetime linked to the wear of the surface treatment which is most often called into question.

Selon une technique différente, il est connu de réaliser une semelle, toujours à partir d'une pièce de fonderie le plus souvent en aluminium sur laquelle est rapportée par différents moyens, notamment par vissage, une plaque ou une coiffe destinée à être au contact avec le linge. Comme précédemment, cette plaque ou coiffe peut être revêtue, au choix, de chrome, d'émail, ou encore être réalisée en inox ou à partir d'un colaminé aluminium-inox.According to a different technique, it is known to produce a sole, always from a foundry piece, most often of aluminum, to which is attached by various means, in particular by screwing, a plate or a cap intended to be in contact with Laundry. As before, this plate or cap can be coated, as desired, with chrome, enamel, or even be made of stainless steel or from an aluminum-stainless steel laminate.

L'inconvénient des différentes techniques qui viennent d'être énumérées est qu'elles conduisent à mettre le linge en contact avec une surface mono-matériau, donc contraignant le concepteur à privilégier une caractéristique de la semelle, par exemple la glisse, sans qu'il puisse optimiser d'autres caractéristiques mécaniques également importantes telle que par exemple la résistance aux chocs mécaniques du bord d'attaque de la semelle.The disadvantage of the various techniques which have just been listed is that they lead to putting the linen in contact with a mono-material surface, therefore forcing the designer to favor a characteristic of the sole, for example gliding, without it can optimize other equally important mechanical characteristics such as for example the mechanical shock resistance of the leading edge of the sole.

En conséquence l'invention a pour objet de réaliser une semelle de fer à repasser en combinant au moins deux matériaux de telle façon que l'on cumule les avantages des uns et des autres en fonction des caractéristiques optimales recherchées pour chaque zone de la semelle.Consequently, the object of the invention is to produce an iron soleplate by combining at least two materials in such a way that the advantages of each are combined according to the optimal characteristics sought for each zone of the soleplate.

En particulier, elle a pour objet de réaliser une semelle dont le matériau de la surface inférieure, notamment la portion centrale de la semelle, est sélectionné de façon à privilégier surtout la glisse et la nettoyabilité, le ou les bords d'attaque de ladite semelle étant réalisés en un matériau privilégiant surtout la résistance aux chocs.In particular, its object is to produce a sole of which the material of the lower surface, in particular the central portion of the sole, is selected so as to favor above all the gliding and cleanability, the leading edge or edges of said sole being made of a material favoring above all impact resistance.

Un autre but de l'invention consiste à réaliser une semelle dont les caractéristiques de repassage sont améliorées.Another object of the invention consists in making a sole whose ironing characteristics are improved.

A cet effet, l'invention concerne un fer à repasser comprenant un corps de chauffe, une semelle, associée au corps de chauffe, un circuit de chauffe, associé ou non à une chambre de vaporisation, caractérisé en ce que la semelle est constituée par :

  • un premier matériau à faible coefficient de frottement recouvrant au moins en partie sa surface inférieure et possédant des caractéristiques mécaniques lui conférant des qualités de résistance à l'usure, de glisse et de nettoyabilité,
  • un second matériau recouvrant au moins une partie de son contour de façon à former un élément de bordure et possédant des caractéristiques mécaniques lui conférant des qualités de résistance aux chocs.
To this end, the invention relates to an iron comprising a heating body, a soleplate, associated with the heating body, a heating circuit, associated or not with a vaporization chamber, characterized in that the soleplate is constituted by :
  • a first material with a low coefficient of friction covering at least partially its lower surface and having mechanical characteristics giving it qualities of resistance to wear, of sliding and of cleanability,
  • a second material covering at least part of its contour so as to form an edge element and having mechanical characteristics giving it qualities of impact resistance.

Selon un exemple d'application la semelle est réalisée à partir de deux matières : aluminium émaillé et inox. Les bords de la semelle sont en inox et la portion sensiblement centrale de la semelle est en aluminium, de préférence émaillé.According to an example of application, the sole is made from two materials: enameled aluminum and stainless steel. The edges of the sole are made of stainless steel and the substantially central portion of the sole is made of aluminum, preferably enameled.

Ainsi constituée, la semelle présente une meilleure résistance, notamment lors de la dépose sur le repose fer, car l'expérience montre que ce sont les bords qui sont le plus exposés. La portion sensiblement centrale de la semelle émaillée conserve ses propriétés de bonne aptitude au glissement.Thus formed, the sole has better resistance, especially when deposits on the iron rest, because experience has shown that the edges are the most exposed. The substantially central portion of the enameled sole retains its properties of good sliding ability.

La présente invention concerne également les caractéristiques qui ressortiront au cours de la description qui va suivre et qui devront être considérées isolément ou selon toutes leurs combinaisons techniques possibles. Cette description, donnée à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, fera mieux comprendre comment l'invention peut être réalisée en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 représente une vue en plan d'une semelle selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe à échelle agrandie selon la coupe II-II de la figure 1;
  • la figure 3 représente une vue en plan d'une semelle selon un second mode de réalisation de l'invention;
  • la figure 4 est une vue en coupe à échelle agrandie selon la coupe IV-IV de la figure 3;
  • les figures 5 et 6 représentent une troisième forme d'exécution de la semelle où la bande de renfort est fixée par frappe à froid;
  • les figures 5A et 6A correspondent à des sections partielles desdites semelles;
  • la figure 7 représente une vue agrandie du point d'interpénétration des deux matériaux de la figure 6A.
The present invention also relates to the characteristics which will emerge during the description which follows and which should be considered in isolation or according to all their possible technical combinations. This description, given by way of nonlimiting examples, will make it easier to understand how the invention can be produced with reference to the attached drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 shows a plan view of a sole according to a first embodiment of the invention;
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view on an enlarged scale according to section II-II of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 represents a plan view of a sole according to a second embodiment of the invention;
  • Figure 4 is a sectional view on an enlarged scale according to section IV-IV of Figure 3;
  • Figures 5 and 6 show a third embodiment of the sole where the reinforcing strip is fixed by cold striking;
  • FIGS. 5A and 6A correspond to partial sections of said soles;
  • FIG. 7 represents an enlarged view of the point of interpenetration of the two materials of FIG. 6A.

Les figures 1 et 2 illustrent une première forme d'exécution préférentielle du fer selon l'invention, comportant une chambre de vaporisation (non montrée). Des cheminées 3 ménagées dans un corps de chauffe 4 assurent l'acheminement de la vapeur depuis la chambre vers les orifices de vaporisation 2.Figures 1 and 2 illustrate a first preferred embodiment of the iron according to the invention, comprising a vaporization chamber (not shown). Chimneys 3 formed in a heating body 4 ensure the delivery of steam from the chamber to the vaporization orifices 2.

Les caractéristiques relatives à la semelle à bords renforcés selon l'invention sont décrites ci-après. Il va de soi que ces caractéristiques s'appliquent également à un fer sec.The characteristics relating to the sole with reinforced edges according to the invention are described below. It goes without saying that these characteristics also apply to a dry iron.

Selon la caractéristique de base de l'invention, la semelle est globalement constituée par un premier matériau à faible coefficient de frottement recouvrant au moins en partie sa surface inférieure et possédant des caractéristiques telles à lui conférer des qualités de résistance à l'usure, mais surtout de glisse et de nettoyabilité.According to the basic characteristic of the invention, the sole is generally made up of a first material with a low coefficient of friction covering at least in part its lower surface and having characteristics such as to give it qualities of resistance to wear, but especially gliding and cleanability.

Un second matériau recouvre au moins une partie latérale et/ou inférieure de son contour 4c et possède des caractéristiques lui conférant des qualité de résistance aux chocs.A second material covers at least a lateral and / or lower part of its contour 4c and has characteristics which give it qualities of impact resistance.

Aux figures 1 et 2, on peut voir la partie intérieure 4a du corps de chauffe 4. Celui-ci est réalisé le plus souvent par moulage d'un alliage léger tel que l'aluminium. Sur la surface inférieure plane 4b de la partie 4a, est rapportée une plaque 5 à faible coefficient de frottement, occupant de préférence la plus grande portion de la semelle, notamment de sa partie sensiblement centrale, le contour 4c de la partie inférieure 4a dudit corps de chauffe 4 étant recouvert au moins partiellement par un élément de bordure 6.In Figures 1 and 2, we can see the inner part 4a of the heating body 4. This is most often made by molding a light alloy such as aluminum. On the flat lower surface 4b of the part 4a, there is added a plate 5 with a low coefficient of friction, preferably occupying the largest portion of the sole, in particular of its substantially central part, the contour 4c of the lower part 4a of the said body heater 4 being at least partially covered by an edge element 6.

Selon la forme d'exécution préférentielle des figures 1 et 2, l'élément de bordure 6 recouvre d'une part la partie inférieure du bord 4c, formant ainsi la bordure inférieure de la semelle 6a; d'autre part, le rebord 6 comporte un prolongement 6b replié de façon à recouvrir également au moins une portion du bord latéral de la semelle.According to the preferred embodiment of Figures 1 and 2, the edge element 6 covers on the one hand the lower part of the edge 4c, thus forming the lower edge of the sole 6a; on the other hand, the rim 6 has an extension 6b folded so as to also cover at least a portion of the lateral edge of the sole.

Dans l'exemple illustré, la bordure latérale 6b est formée par un prolongement de la bordure inférieure de la semelle 6a replié de façon à s'étendre de manière sensiblement verticale le long du contour 4c. Il est entendu que l'inclinaison et la hauteur de cette portion 6b peuvent varier selon la construction du fer. Il en est de même pour la largeur de la portion 6a. Selon des variantes simplifiées, il est prévu de limiter la semelle renforcée dans un premier cas à la seule portion 6a; dans un second cas, à la seule portion 6b.In the example illustrated, the side edge 6b is formed by an extension of the lower edge of the sole 6a folded so as to extend substantially vertically along the contour 4c. It is understood that the inclination and the height of this portion 6b can vary according to the construction of the iron. It is the same for the width of the portion 6a. According to simplified variants, provision is made to limit the reinforced sole in a first case to the single portion 6a; in a second case, to the single portion 6b.

Dans cet exemple de réalisation (figure 1), l'élément de bordure 6 est disposé dans la zone de la pointe 7 de la semelle 1. Toutefois l'élément de bordure 6 peut être disposé à la fois dans la zone de la pointe 7 et/ou dans la zone du talon 8 de ladite semelle, et/ou dans toute autre portion avantageuse du contour de la semelle, suivant les caractéristiques recherchées.In this exemplary embodiment (FIG. 1), the border element 6 is arranged in the zone of the toe 7 of the sole 1. However, the border element 6 can be placed both in the zone of the toe 7 and / or in the zone of the heel 8 of said sole, and / or in any other portion advantageous contour of the sole, according to the desired characteristics.

Egalement on peut prévoir que l'élément de bordure 6 entoure la totalité du contour de cette semelle.It can also be provided that the border element 6 surrounds the entire outline of this sole.

Par ailleurs l'élément de bordure 6 est fixé sur la pointe 7 et/ou le talon 8 de la partie inférieure 4a du corps de chauffe 4, d'une part par collage C de la bordure inférieure 6a contre la surface inférieure 4b dudit corps 4 et d'autre part par des pattes de fixation 9 issues ponctuellement dudit rebord 6 et aptes à pénétrer dans des logements 10 de la partie inférieure 4a du corps de chauffe 4 pour y être immobilisées par vrillage.Furthermore, the border element 6 is fixed to the tip 7 and / or the heel 8 of the lower part 4a of the heating body 4, on the one hand by bonding C of the lower border 6a against the lower surface 4b of said body 4 and on the other hand by fixing lugs 9 punctually coming from said rim 6 and able to penetrate into housings 10 of the lower part 4a of the heating body 4 to be immobilized there by twisting.

Le collage est préférentiellement réalisé par l'intermédiaire d'une colle au silicone.Bonding is preferably carried out by means of a silicone adhesive.

La seconde variante de réalisation représentée sur les figures 3 et 4 diffère essentiellement de la précédente en ce que l'élément de bordure 6A est constitué à partir d'un feuillard, mis en forme pour constituer un profilé de section en forme de U, refermé sur lui-même et disposé avantageusement sur la totalité du contour de la partie inférieure 4a du corps de chauffe 4 pour l'enserrer fixement par sertissage périphérique. Bien entendu d'autres types de section pourront être envisagés.The second variant shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 differs essentially from the previous one in that the border element 6A is formed from a strip, shaped to form a U-shaped section profile, closed on itself and advantageously arranged over the entire contour of the lower part 4a of the heating body 4 to grip it fixedly by peripheral crimping. Of course other types of section could be considered.

De manière à parfaire la fixation, au moins l'une des branches 11, 12 du U du profilé constituant l'élément de bordure 6A, de manière préférentielle, la branche inférieure 12, est collée sur la surface inférieure 4b du corps de chauffe 4 avec laquelle il est en contact de manière à renforcer sa fixation.In order to perfect the fixing, at least one of the branches 11, 12 of the U of the profile constituting the border element 6A, preferably, the lower branch 12, is bonded to the lower surface 4b of the heating body 4 with which it is in contact so as to strengthen its fixation.

Ici encore il s'agira d'une colle au silicone C. Il est évident que la colle peut également entourer toute la surface interne du U formé par l'élément de bordure 6A.Here again it will be a silicone adhesive C. It is obvious that the adhesive can also surround the entire internal surface of the U formed by the border element 6A.

En outre, s'agissant d'un fer comportant une chambre de vaporisation, la plaque à faible coefficient de frottement 5 est obtenue par découpe d'un matériau sélectionné, sur laquelle sont prévues des orifices de vaporisation 2 destinés en outre à assurer une fixation par sertissage, de type connu, de ladite plaque 5 dans des trous correspondants 13 de la partie inférieure 4a du corps de chauffe 4.In addition, in the case of an iron comprising a vaporization chamber, the low friction coefficient plate 5 is obtained by cutting out a selected material, on which are provided vaporization orifices 2 intended furthermore to ensure fixing. by crimping, of known type, said plate 5 into corresponding holes 13 in the lower part 4a of the heating body 4.

Cette fixation peut être renforcée ici encore par association d'une colle C au silicone interposée entre la plaque 5 et le corps de chauffe 4.This fixing can be reinforced here again by association of a silicone adhesive C interposed between the plate 5 and the heating body 4.

Bien que dans les diverses formes d'exécution décrites jusqu'à présent la fixation des différents éléments de la semelle soit réalisée le plus souvent par collage, il est possible, selon diverses variantes, de fixer la plaque de semelle 5 et/ou l'élément de bordure 6 par d'autres moyens de types connus, associés ou non au collage, comme par exemple par vissage, rivetage, sertissage, surmoulage, soudage, etc. Par ailleurs, dans ces formes d'exécution, il est possible d'utiliser d'autres types de matériaux que ceux présentés jusqu'ici. Ainsi, par exemple, l'élément de bordure 6 peut être fabriqué à partir d'un autre type d'alliage métallique, comme par exemple le titane, ou à partir d'un matériau non-métallique, comme par exemple un matériau de type céramique.Although in the various embodiments described so far, the fixing of the various elements of the sole is most often carried out by gluing, it is possible, according to various variants, to fix the sole plate 5 and / or the border element 6 by other means of known types, associated or not with bonding, such as by screwing, riveting, crimping, overmolding, welding, etc. Furthermore, in these embodiments, it is possible to use other types of material than those presented so far. Thus, for example, the border element 6 can be manufactured from another type of metallic alloy, such as for example titanium, or from a non-metallic material, such as for example a material of the type ceramic.

Selon les exemples de réalisation successifs présentés aux figures 5 et 6, le mode de fixation de la bordure 6 diffère légèrement. A la figure 5, la plaque 5 à faible coefficient de frottement comporte de préférence un rebord latéral replié vers le haut. Par ailleurs, contrairement au mode d'exécution précédent, cette plaque occupe avantageusement une surface correspondant sensiblement à toute la surface de la semelle.According to the successive exemplary embodiments presented in FIGS. 5 and 6, the method of fixing the edge 6 differs slightly. In FIG. 5, the plate 5 with a low coefficient of friction preferably has a side flange folded upwards. Furthermore, unlike the previous embodiment, this plate advantageously occupies an area corresponding substantially to the entire surface of the sole.

L'assemblage de la bordure 6 présentant de bonnes caractéristiques de résistance aux chocs est obtenu de préférence par matriçage ou frappe à froid sous forte pression de la plaque 6 en matériau relativement dur contre la plaque 5 en matériau plus mou pour assurer leur liaison par interpénétration des matériaux ; le matériau le plus mou 5 pénétrant dans les ouvertures 14 prévues dans le matériau le plus dur 6, tel que montré à la figure 7. D'autre modes d'assemblages conférant des résultats similaires, comme par exemple la frappe à chaud, peuvent également être envisagés.The assembly of the edge 6 having good impact resistance characteristics is preferably obtained by stamping or cold stamping under high pressure of the plate 6 of relatively hard material against the plate 5 of material softer to ensure their connection by interpenetration of materials; the softer material 5 penetrating into the openings 14 provided in the harder material 6, as shown in FIG. 7. Other modes of assembling conferring similar results, such as for example hot stamping, can also be considered.

Comme on le voit sur cette figure, l'effet du pressage à froid est double: il y a à la fois pénétration du matériau dur 6 dans le matériau mou 5 et fluage du matériau mou qui vient remplir les orifices 14 prévues dans le matériau dur. Cet effet de remplissage, comparable à la pose d'un rivet, procure un maintien rigide et durable. Sur ce mode de fixation, il est avantageux de prévoir une multiplicité d'orifices 14 répartis selon un agencement donné sur la surface de la bordure inférieure de la semelle 6a. L'agencement ou la répartition des orifices peut varier selon une infinité de possibilités, en fonction de la forme de la bordure 6a, du nombre d'ouvertures 14, de leur forme, de leur dimension, etc. Dans l'exemple présenté, les ouvertures sont circulaires. Selon diverses variantes, ces ouvertures peuvent prendre une multitudes de formes, au gré de l'imagination du concepteur. Ceci permet de réaliser un design qui soit à la fois fonctionnel et esthétique, la répartition pouvant même servir à procurer certains effets visuels, décoratifs, ou permettre de reproduire certaines formes géométriques, motifs, lettrages ou autre. Les limites dimensionnelles sont très variables, selon la configuration, les matériaux utilisés, la pression de frappe, etc. L'espace de pénétration doit être suffisamment grand pour permettre le fluage du matériau mou, sans toutefois utiliser des dimensions excessives, qui risqueraient de rendre difficile la liaison mécanique entre les deux matériaux.As can be seen in this figure, the effect of cold pressing is twofold: there is both penetration of the hard material 6 into the soft material 5 and creep of the soft material which comes to fill the orifices 14 provided in the hard material . This filling effect, comparable to the installation of a rivet, provides a rigid and durable support. On this method of attachment, it is advantageous to provide a multiplicity of orifices 14 distributed in a given arrangement on the surface of the lower edge of the sole 6a. The arrangement or distribution of the orifices can vary according to an infinite number of possibilities, depending on the shape of the border 6a, the number of openings 14, their shape, their size, etc. In the example presented, the openings are circular. According to various variants, these openings can take a multitude of forms, according to the imagination of the designer. This allows for a design that is both functional and aesthetic, the distribution can even be used to provide certain visual, decorative effects, or to reproduce certain geometric shapes, patterns, lettering or other. The dimensional limits are very variable, depending on the configuration, the materials used, the impact pressure, etc. The penetration space must be large enough to allow the creep of the soft material, without however using excessive dimensions, which would risk making mechanical connection between the two materials difficult.

Par ailleurs, il est à noter que ce mode de fixation de la bande 6 par interpénétration des matériaux permet d'obtenir un effet d'arêtes dû à la présence des micro-arêtes 15 situées à la jonction des deux matériaux, à la périphérie des ouvertures 14. Il a été constaté que le présence de ces micro-arêtes 15 occasionne un effet bénéfique sur le repassage.Furthermore, it should be noted that this method of fixing the strip 6 by interpenetration of the materials makes it possible to obtain an edge effect due to the presence of the micro-edges 15 situated at the junction of the two materials, at the periphery of the openings 14. It has been found that the presence of these micro-edges 15 has a beneficial effect on ironing.

De manière non limitative dans le choix des matériaux, la plaque 5 à faible coefficient de frottement est obtenue par découpe d'un flan d'aluminium de préférence émaillé, alors que l'élément de bordure 6 est de préférence en acier inoxydable. La plaque 5 et/ou l'élément de bordure 6 peuvent évidemment être fabriqués à partir d'autres types de matériaux. Ainsi, par exemple, l'élément de bordure 6 peut être fabriqué en alliage de titane.In a nonlimiting manner in the choice of materials, the plate 5 with a low coefficient of friction is obtained by cutting a sheet of aluminum, preferably enameled, while the border element 6 is preferably made of stainless steel. The plate 5 and / or the border element 6 can obviously be made from other types of material. Thus, for example, the border element 6 can be made of titanium alloy.

La figure 6 illustre une variante de cette dernière forme d'exécution où la plaque 5 est remplacée par le corps 4 dont la surface inférieure 4' est conformée pour jouer le rôle de la plaque 5 de la forme d'exécution précédente. La plaque 5 est donc en fait substituée par la surface inférieure 4' du corps 4. Le matériau utilisé doit évidemment se prêter à la frappe à froid, et rencontrer les exigences de glisse et de nettoyabilité souhaitées pour la portion centrale de la semelle.Figure 6 illustrates a variant of this latter embodiment where the plate 5 is replaced by the body 4 whose lower surface 4 'is shaped to play the role of the plate 5 of the previous embodiment. The plate 5 is therefore in fact replaced by the lower surface 4 ′ of the body 4. The material used must obviously lend itself to cold stamping, and meet the gliding and cleanability requirements desired for the central portion of the sole.

Selon d'autres variantes non illustrées, il est prévu de construire une semelle à bords renforcés selon l'invention dont une partie de la bande 6 est prévue en un matériau donné, au moins une autre partie étant réalisée en au moins un autre matériau.According to other variants not illustrated, it is planned to build a sole with reinforced edges according to the invention, part of the strip 6 is provided in a given material, at least another part being made of at least one other material.

Enfin il est intéressant de noter que le pourcentage de la partie recouverte de matériaux relativement durs par rapport aux matériaux relativement plus mous peut varier librement en particulier en fonction de considérations économiques, esthétiques, mécaniques, etc.Finally, it is interesting to note that the percentage of the part covered with relatively hard materials compared to the relatively softer materials can vary freely in particular according to economic, aesthetic, mechanical, etc. considerations.

Dans les parties recouvertes par le matériau relativement dur, le pourcentage de matériau relativement mou affleurant à travers les ouvertures qui servent à l'accrochage peut varier considérablement, mais se situe en général entre 5 % et 40 %, et de préférence autour de 20 %.In the parts covered by the relatively hard material, the percentage of relatively soft material flush through the openings used for the attachment can vary considerably, but is generally between 5% and 40%, and preferably around 20%. .

Claims (21)

Fer à repasser comprenant un corps de chauffe (4), une semelle (1), associée au corps de chauffe, un circuit de chauffe, associé ou non à une chambre de vaporisation, caractérisé en ce que la semelle (1) est constituée par : - un premier matériau (5; 4') à faible coefficient de frottement recouvrant au moins en partie sa surface inférieure et possédant des caractéristiques mécaniques lui conférant des qualités de résistance à l'usure, de glisse et de nettoyabilité, - un second matériau (6) recouvrant au moins une partie de son contour (4c) de façon à former un élément de bordure et possédant des caractéristiques mécaniques lui conférant des qualités de résistance aux chocs. Iron comprising a heating body (4), a sole (1), associated with the heating body, a heating circuit, associated or not with a vaporization chamber, characterized in that the sole (1) consists of : - a first material (5; 4 ') with a low coefficient of friction covering at least in part its lower surface and having mechanical characteristics giving it qualities of resistance to wear, of sliding and of cleanability, - A second material (6) covering at least part of its outline (4c) so as to form an edge element and having mechanical characteristics giving it qualities of impact resistance. Fer selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la semelle (1) est rapportée et fixée contre la surface inférieure (4b) de la partie inférieure (4a) du corps de chauffe.Iron according to claim 1, in which the soleplate (1) is attached and fixed against the lower surface (4b) of the lower part (4a) of the heating body. Fer selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la portion de la semelle en premier matériau (4') est conformée dans la portion inférieure du corps de chauffe (4).Iron according to claim 1, in which the portion of the sole made of first material (4 ') is shaped in the lower portion of the heating body (4). Fer selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le premier matériau (4'; 5) occupe la plus grande portion de la semelle (1), notamment de sa partie sensiblement centrale.Iron according to one of the preceding claims, in which the first material (4 ′; 5) occupies the largest portion of the sole (1), in particular of its substantially central part. Fer selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel l'élément de bordure (6) recouvre au moins une portion de la partie inférieure du bord (4c) de façon à former une bordure inférieure (6a) de la semelle et/ou au moins une portion de la partie latérale du bord (4c) de façon à former une bordure latérale (6b).Iron according to one of claims 1 to 4, in which the border element (6) covers at least a portion of the lower part of the edge (4c) so as to form a lower border (6a) of the sole and / or at least a portion of the lateral part of the edge (4c) so as to form a lateral border (6b). Fer selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel l'élément de bordure (6) est disposé dans la zone de la pointe (7) de la semelle et/ou dans la zone de talon (8) du fer.Iron according to one of Claims 1 to 5, in which the border element (6) is arranged in the region of the toe (7) of the sole and / or in the region of heel (8) of the iron. Fer selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel l'élément de bordure (6) est disposé sur la totalité du pourtour de la semelle.Iron according to one of claims 1 to 5, in which the border element (6) is arranged over the entire periphery of the sole. Fer selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'élément de bordure (6) est fixé sur le bord (4c) de la partie inférieure (4a) du corps de chauffe (4) d'une part par collage ( C ) de la bordure inférieure (6a) de la semelle et d'autre part par des pattes de fixation (9) issues ponctuellement dudit rebord (6) et aptes à pénétrer dans des logements (10) de la partie inférieure (4a) du corps de chauffe (4) pour y être immobilisées par vrillage.Iron according to one of the preceding claims, in which the border element (6) is fixed to the edge (4c) of the lower part (4a) of the heating body (4) on the one hand by gluing (C) of the lower edge (6a) of the sole and on the other hand by fixing lugs (9) punctually coming from said rim (6) and able to penetrate housings (10) of the lower part (4a) of the body of heater (4) to be immobilized by twisting. Fer selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel l'élément de bordure (6A) est constitué, à partir d'un feuillard mis en forme pour constituer un profilé de section donnée, notamment en forme de U, refermé sur lui-même et disposé sur au moins une portion du pourtour de la partie inférieure (4a) du corps de chauffe (4) pour l'enserrer fixement par sertissage périphérique.Iron according to one of claims 1 to 4, in which the border element (6A) is formed from a strip shaped to form a profile of given section, in particular in the shape of a U, closed over it -same and disposed on at least a portion of the periphery of the lower part (4a) of the heating body (4) to grip it fixedly by peripheral crimping. Fer selon la revendication 9, dans lequel au moins l'une des branches (11, 12) du profilé constituant l'élément de bordure (6A) préférentiellement celle inférieure (12) est collée sur la surface inférieure (4b) du corps de chauffe (4) avec laquelle il est en contact, de manière à renforcer sa fixation.Iron according to claim 9, in which at least one of the branches (11, 12) of the profile constituting the border element (6A), preferably the lower one (12) is bonded to the lower surface (4b) of the heating body. (4) with which it is in contact, so as to strengthen its fixation. Fer selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'élément de bordure (6; 6A) est fixé par une méthode de fixation mécanique tel le vissage, rivetage, sertissage, surmoulage, soudage, associé ou non à un collage.Iron according to one of the preceding claims, in which the border element (6; 6A) is fixed by a mechanical fixing method such as screwing, riveting, crimping, overmolding, welding, associated or not with bonding. Fer selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel l'assemblage de l'élément de bordure (6) est obtenu notamment par matriçage ou frappe à froid sous forte pression dudit élément (6) en matériau relativement dur contre la plaque (4'; 5) en matériau plus mou pour assurer leur liaison par interpénétration des matériaux ; le matériau le plus mou (4'; 5) pénétrant dans les ouvertures (14) prévues dans le matériau le plus dur (6).Iron according to one of claims 1 to 4, in which the assembly of the edge element (6) is obtained in particular by stamping or cold stamping under high pressure of said element (6) of relatively hard material against the plate ( 4 '; 5) in softer material to ensure their connection by interpenetration of materials ; the softer material (4 '; 5) penetrating into the openings (14) provided in the harder material (6). Fer selon la revendication 12, dans lequel l'effet du pressage à froid est tel qu'il procure à la fois pénétration du matériau dur (6) dans le matériau mou (4'; 5) et fluage du matériau mou qui vient remplir les orifices (14) prévus dans le matériau dur.Iron according to claim 12, in which the effect of cold pressing is such that it provides both penetration of the hard material (6) into the soft material (4 '; 5) and creep of the soft material which fills the holes (14) provided in the hard material. Fer selon l'une des revendications 12 ou 13, dans lequel une multiplicité d'orifices (14) sont répartis selon un agencement donné sur la surface de la bordure inférieure de la semelle (6a).Iron according to one of claims 12 or 13, in which a multiplicity of orifices (14) are distributed in a given arrangement on the surface of the lower edge of the sole (6a). Fer selon l'une des revendications 12 à 14, dans lequel l'agencement des ouvertures (14) procure certains effets visuels, décoratifs, ou permet de reproduire certaines formes géométriques, motifs, lettrages ou autre.Iron according to one of claims 12 to 14, in which the arrangement of the openings (14) provides certain visual or decorative effects, or makes it possible to reproduce certain geometric shapes, patterns, lettering or the like. Fer selon l'une des revendications 12 à 15, dans lequel les ouvertures (14) ont une forme quelconque, notamment circulaire.Iron according to one of claims 12 to 15, in which the openings (14) have any shape, in particular circular. Fer selon l'une des revendications 12 à 15, dans lequel des micro-arêtes (15) sont conformées à la jonction des deux matériaux, à la périphérie des ouvertures (14).Iron according to one of claims 12 to 15, in which micro-edges (15) are formed at the junction of the two materials, at the periphery of the openings (14). Fer selon l'une des revendications 1 à 17, dans lequel la plaque (4'; 5) en premier matériau est fabriquée en alliage d'aluminium, notamment en aluminium émaillé.Iron according to one of claims 1 to 17, in which the plate (4 '; 5) made of first material is made of aluminum alloy, in particular enameled aluminum. Fer selon l'une des revendications 1 à 17, dans lequel la plaque (4'; 5) en premier matériau est fabriquée en alliage de titane.Iron according to one of claims 1 to 17, in which the plate (4 '; 5) made of first material is made of titanium alloy. Fer selon l'une des revendications 1 à 17, dans lequel l'élément en second matériau (6) est en acier inoxydable.Iron according to one of claims 1 to 17, in which the second element material (6) is stainless steel. Fer selon l'une des revendications 12 à 17, dans lequel l'élément en second matériau (6) est en matériau non métallique, notamment en matériau de type céramique.Iron according to one of claims 12 to 17, in which the second material element (6) is made of non-metallic material, in particular of ceramic type material.
EP19950420330 1994-11-25 1995-11-24 Iron soleplate Expired - Lifetime EP0713937B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9414418 1994-11-25
FR9414418A FR2727440B1 (en) 1994-11-25 1994-11-25 IRON WITH IMPROVED SOLE

Publications (2)

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EP0713937A1 true EP0713937A1 (en) 1996-05-29
EP0713937B1 EP0713937B1 (en) 1999-03-17

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EP19950420330 Expired - Lifetime EP0713937B1 (en) 1994-11-25 1995-11-24 Iron soleplate

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EP (1) EP0713937B1 (en)
DE (1) DE69508348T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2130554T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2727440B1 (en)
HK (1) HK1013673A1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006051099A1 (en) * 2004-11-15 2006-05-18 De' Longhi Spa Iron
GB2479803A (en) * 2010-11-17 2011-10-26 Richards Morphy N I Ltd Sole Plate Retained By Metal Frame and Retaining Ring
US9499935B2 (en) 2009-05-22 2016-11-22 Morphy Richards Limited Iron

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA159445S (en) 2014-09-26 2015-06-09 Richards Morphy N I Ltd Iron

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB778224A (en) * 1954-07-23 1957-07-03 Gen Electric Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to electric heating elements
US3738033A (en) * 1972-09-18 1973-06-12 Gen Electric Steam flatiron
FR2567929A3 (en) * 1984-07-17 1986-01-24 Dmd Srl STEAM IRON WITH PLATE PROVIDED WITH A THIN STAINLESS STEEL SHEET, PERFORATED AND REMOVABLE
EP0378479A1 (en) * 1989-01-11 1990-07-18 Seb S.A. Enamelled iron sole plate
DE4107236A1 (en) * 1991-03-07 1992-09-10 Braun Ag Steam iron generating steam even if iron base temp. is low - incorporates two bottom sections, each of which has heating element connected to separate electricity circuits

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB778224A (en) * 1954-07-23 1957-07-03 Gen Electric Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to electric heating elements
US3738033A (en) * 1972-09-18 1973-06-12 Gen Electric Steam flatiron
FR2567929A3 (en) * 1984-07-17 1986-01-24 Dmd Srl STEAM IRON WITH PLATE PROVIDED WITH A THIN STAINLESS STEEL SHEET, PERFORATED AND REMOVABLE
EP0378479A1 (en) * 1989-01-11 1990-07-18 Seb S.A. Enamelled iron sole plate
DE4107236A1 (en) * 1991-03-07 1992-09-10 Braun Ag Steam iron generating steam even if iron base temp. is low - incorporates two bottom sections, each of which has heating element connected to separate electricity circuits

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006051099A1 (en) * 2004-11-15 2006-05-18 De' Longhi Spa Iron
US9499935B2 (en) 2009-05-22 2016-11-22 Morphy Richards Limited Iron
GB2479803A (en) * 2010-11-17 2011-10-26 Richards Morphy N I Ltd Sole Plate Retained By Metal Frame and Retaining Ring
GB2479803B (en) * 2010-11-17 2012-05-23 Richards Morphy N I Ltd Iron sole plate
US8756840B2 (en) 2010-11-17 2014-06-24 Morphy Richards Limited Iron sole plate

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2130554T3 (en) 1999-07-01
EP0713937B1 (en) 1999-03-17
DE69508348D1 (en) 1999-04-22
DE69508348T2 (en) 1999-09-02
FR2727440B1 (en) 1997-01-17
FR2727440A1 (en) 1996-05-31
HK1013673A1 (en) 1999-09-03

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