EP0706713A1 - Metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp - Google Patents

Metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp

Info

Publication number
EP0706713A1
EP0706713A1 EP94918286A EP94918286A EP0706713A1 EP 0706713 A1 EP0706713 A1 EP 0706713A1 EP 94918286 A EP94918286 A EP 94918286A EP 94918286 A EP94918286 A EP 94918286A EP 0706713 A1 EP0706713 A1 EP 0706713A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lamp
lamp according
light
per
arc
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94918286A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0706713B1 (en
Inventor
Andreas Genz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Osram GmbH
Original Assignee
Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0706713A1 publication Critical patent/EP0706713A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
    • H01J61/125—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having an halogenide as principal component
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/025—Associated optical elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/82—Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure > 400 Torr
    • H01J61/827—Metal halide arc lamps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/84—Lamps with discharge constricted by high pressure
    • H01J61/86—Lamps with discharge constricted by high pressure with discharge additionally constricted by close spacing of electrodes, e.g. for optical projection

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp with an average arc power of between 100 and 180 W per mm arc length according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Me allhalide high-pressure discharge lamps of this type are used in particular for glass fiber lighting systems in medicine (endoscopy) and technology (boroscopy), where light with color temperatures between 4500 and 7000 K and good to very good color rendering in all color temperature ranges and high illuminance levels are needed.
  • Glass fiber bundles require good focusing, ie a focus diameter that is less than or at most equal to the usable diameter of the glass fiber bundle.
  • the arc core is essentially imaged by a reflector or another optical system. Now the light emitted by the arc core does not contain all spectral components of the total emitted by the lamp Light, the color rendering property of the focused light may deteriorate compared to that of the unfocused light. It is therefore of great importance to specifically find filling components for use in the focusing systems mentioned which emit in the hot arc core and not only in the cooler arc edge.
  • Metal halide high-pressure discharge lamps with similarly short arcs and correspondingly high luminance are known from EP 0193 086, which emit light with good color rendering properties.
  • Lamps contain cadmium.
  • the toxic heavy metal cadmium must be supplied to the Rohstoff ⁇ circuit or properly disposed of after the end of lamp life again, as W is connected in both cases, with corresponding costs.
  • the lamps with Cd filling have a disturbing green tint, and the color locus lies above the Planck curve.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp which has a very short arc with a very high luminance and has a color temperature between 4500 and 7000 K at a color locus close to the Planck curve, and also good color rendering in combination with a strongly focused reflector or other optical system and achieves this goal with a cadmium-free filling.
  • the metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp according to the invention is operated at specific arc powers between 100 and 180 W per mm arc length. With the compact geometric dimensions of the lamp - very short electrode spacing (a few mm) and small vessel volume (a few tenths of a ml) - this corresponds to wall loads of 70-120 W per cm 2 wall area of the discharge vessel. By means of the filling components of the discharge vessel according to the invention, average luminances of 25-75 kcd per cm 2 of arc area are achieved, which can be focused on a light spot whose diameter is less than 10 mm with the aid of a reflector or other optical system.
  • the particular value of the invention is that the good to very good color rendering (Ra> ⁇ 75) is retained even after focusing, the color location being close to the Planck curve, and this is achieved with a fill that is based on the previously used toxic cadmium waived.
  • Dysprosium (Dy), hafnium (Hf), lithium (Li) and indium (In) are added to the filling of the lamp according to the invention, which consists of mercury, at least one noble gas and at least one halogen.
  • the fill quantities in ⁇ mol per ml vessel volume are advantageously between 0.3 and 3 for Dy, Hf and Li and between 0.2 and 2 for In.
  • Dysprosium ensures a high radiation flow in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum and additionally contributes to the continuity component.
  • Hafnium also produces a multi-line spectrum and also reduces the tendency to devitrification by building a reinforced halogen jacket on the piston wall.
  • the high vapor pressure of the hafnium halides also reduces the tendency to bulge bulbs and consequently increases the useful luminous flux during the lamp life.
  • Lithium and indium increase the radiation flow, especially in the red and blue parts of the optical spectral range.
  • the emitted light has a spectral composition that comes very close to that of Planck's radiation, i.e. has good to very good color rendering properties.
  • light with a color temperature between 4500 and 7000 K can be generated.
  • the lamp according to the invention is preferably used in dichroic special reflectors which essentially depict the inner arc core.
  • the specific choice of the two atomic emitters lithium and indium, which preferably emit in the hot arc core, ensures that the good color rendering properties are retained in the focus of this reflector.
  • the use of lithium in combination with hafnium achieves high color stability, ie the color temperature changes only slightly within the lamp life.
  • the discharge vessel can additionally contain up to 3 ⁇ mol cesium per cm 3 vessel volume.
  • iodine and bromine are advantageously used in a molar ratio between 0.3 and 1.5.
  • the lamp contains mercury of typically a few tens to a few hundred ⁇ mol per cm 3 of vessel volume and an inert gas, for example argon, as the base gas.
  • the filling pressure of the rare gas in the cold lamp is less than atmospheric pressure - typically a few 10 kPa - so that safe handling is possible in this case.
  • the pressure range is high enough that undesired evaporation of the tungsten electrodes and thus blackening of the discharge vessel is largely prevented during ignition.
  • the metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp according to the invention is preferably used in a reflector which is fixedly connected to the lamp, but it is also possible to use the lamp without a firmly connected reflector.
  • Fig. 1 is a partially sectioned side view of a metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp with reflector
  • FIG. 1 shows a metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp 2 permanently installed in a reflector 1 with a power consumption of 270 W.
  • the lamp 2 lies with its axis in the axis of the reflector 1. While an electrode shaft 3 is fastened in the ceramic base 5 by means of cement 4, the other electrode shaft 6 is held on the ceramic end ring 8 of the reflector 1 by copper strips 7 which simultaneously serve as current leads.
  • the metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp 2 has a discharge vessel 9, the volume of which is 0.35 cm 3 .
  • the electrodes 10, 11 are connected to the power supply lines 14, 15 at a spacing of 2.2 mm via molybdenum foils 12, 13 which are melted down in a vacuum-tight manner.
  • a power connection 16 is mounted in the base 5, the other (not visible here) on the end ring 8 of the reflector 1.
  • the reflector 1 In the focal plane, the reflector 1 generates an essentially circular light spot of the light output . ⁇ with an almost Gaussian spatial distribution of the illuminance E (r). In polar coordinates, therefore, approximately applies
  • Light spots mean.
  • the diameter thus defined d 2 x ro des
  • the following table shows a filling according to the invention of the discharge vessel 9 of the lamp 2 from FIG. 1 and the light-technical data obtained for this lamp (color rendering index Ra for lamp 2 including reflector 1).
  • Luminous efficacy 70 lm / W average ⁇ - ⁇ ; Luminance 35 kcd / cm 2
  • FIG. 2 The balanced spectral composition of the light emitted from the arc core - a prerequisite for good color rendering when using a focusing reflector - is documented in FIG. 2.
  • the relative light intensity is plotted in relative units on the ordinate and the wavelength in nanometers (nm) on the abscissa.
  • the spectral resolution of the spectrometer used is approximately 1.5 nm.

Landscapes

  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

A metal halide high-pressure lamp (2) which is particularly suitable for inclusion in optical systems (1) is run at specific arc powers between 100 and 180 W per mm arc length. To form metal halides, the discharge vessel (9) contains, per cm3 chamber volume, between 0.3 and 3 νmol dysprosium, hafnium and lithium respectively and between 0.2 and 2 νmol indium, whereby luminances of between 25 and 75 kcd/cm2 can be generated at colour temperature of between 4500 and 7000 K. Light spots with a diameter of a about 4 mm and a colour reproduction index Ra of 80 are achieved by means of a special reflector (1). This makes it possible to use the lamp in combination with thin glass-fibre bunches for illumination purposes, e.g. in endoscopy.

Description

Metallhalogenid-HochdruckentladungslampeMetal halide high pressure discharge lamp
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Metallhalogenid-Hoch- druckentladungslampe mit einer mittleren Bogenlei- stung zwischen 100 und 180 W pro mm Bogenlänge gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp with an average arc power of between 100 and 180 W per mm arc length according to the preamble of claim 1.
Me allhalogenid-Hochdruckentladungslampen dieser Art werden insbesondere für Glasfaserbeleuchtungs¬ systeme in der Medizin (Endoskopie) und Technik (Boroskopie) eingesetzt, wo Licht mit Farbtempera- turen zwischen 4500 und 7000 K und guter bis sehr guter Farbwiedergabe in allen Farbtemperaturberei¬ chen sowie hohe Beleuchtungsstärken benötigt wer¬ den.Me allhalide high-pressure discharge lamps of this type are used in particular for glass fiber lighting systems in medicine (endoscopy) and technology (boroscopy), where light with color temperatures between 4500 and 7000 K and good to very good color rendering in all color temperature ranges and high illuminance levels are needed.
Eine verlustarme Einkopplung des Lichts in dasA low-loss coupling of light into the
Glasfaserbündel erfordert eine gute Fokussierung, d.h. einen Fokusdurchmesser, der kleiner oder höchstens gleich dem nutzbaren Durchmesser des Glasfaserbündels ist. Für die Erzeugung eines entsprechenden Lichtflecks wird im wesentlichen der Bogenkern durch einen Reflektor oder ein sonstiges optisches System abgebildet. Enthält nun das vom Bogenkern emittierte Licht nicht alle spektralen Anteile des insgesamt von der Lampe abgestrahlten Lichts, so kann sich die Farbwiedergabeeigenschaft des fokussierten Lichts gegenüber jener des unfo- kussierten Lichts verschlechtern. Daher ist es von großer Wichtigkeit, für den Einsatz in den genann- ten fokussierenden Systemen gezielt Füllungsbe¬ standteile zu finden, die im heißen Bogenkern und nicht nur im kühleren Bogenrand emittieren. Außer¬ dem müssen für eine gute Fokussierung und hohe Be¬ leuchtungsstärken am Eingang des Glasfaserbündels besonders kompakte Lampenabmessungen und ein sehr kurzer Lichtbogen (wenige mm) mit höchsten Leucht¬ dichten (im Mittel einige 10 kcd/cm2) angestrebt werden.Glass fiber bundles require good focusing, ie a focus diameter that is less than or at most equal to the usable diameter of the glass fiber bundle. To generate a corresponding light spot, the arc core is essentially imaged by a reflector or another optical system. Now the light emitted by the arc core does not contain all spectral components of the total emitted by the lamp Light, the color rendering property of the focused light may deteriorate compared to that of the unfocused light. It is therefore of great importance to specifically find filling components for use in the focusing systems mentioned which emit in the hot arc core and not only in the cooler arc edge. In addition, particularly good lamp dimensions and a very short arc (a few mm) with the highest luminance (on average a few 10 kcd / cm 2 ) must be sought for good focusing and high illuminance at the entrance of the glass fiber bundle.
Aus der EP 0193 086 sind Metallhalogenid-Hochdruck- entladungslampen mit ähnlich kurzen Lichtbögen und entsprechend hohen Leuchtdichten bekannt, die Licht mit guten Farbwiedergabeeigenschaften abgeben.Metal halide high-pressure discharge lamps with similarly short arcs and correspondingly high luminance are known from EP 0193 086, which emit light with good color rendering properties.
Nachteilig ist jedoch, daß die Füllungen dieserThe disadvantage, however, is that the fillings of these
Lampen Cadmium enthalten. Aus Gründen des Umwelt¬ schutzes muß das toxische Schwermetall Cadmium nach dem Ende der Lampenlebensdauer wieder dem Rohstoff¬ kreislauf zugeführt oder sachgemäß entsorgt werden, Was in beiden Fällen mit entsprechenden Kosten verbunden ist. Außerdem weisen die Lampen mit Cd-Füllung einen störenden Grünstich auf, und der Farbort liegt oberhalb der Planckschen Kurve.Lamps contain cadmium. For reasons of protection Umwelt¬ the toxic heavy metal cadmium must be supplied to the Rohstoff¬ circuit or properly disposed of after the end of lamp life again, as W is connected in both cases, with corresponding costs. In addition, the lamps with Cd filling have a disturbing green tint, and the color locus lies above the Planck curve.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Metallhaloge- nid-Hochdruckentladungslampe zu schaffen, die einen sehr kurzen Lichtbogen mit sehr hoher Leuchtdichte besitzt, sowie eine Farbtemperatur zwischen 4500 und 7000 K bei einem Farbort nahe der Planckschen Kurve aufweist, eine gute Farbwiedergabe insbeson¬ dere auch in Kombination mit einem stark fokussie- renden Reflektor oder sonstigem optischen System besitzt und dieses Ziel mit einer Cadmium-freien Füllung erreicht.The object of the invention is to provide a metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp which has a very short arc with a very high luminance and has a color temperature between 4500 and 7000 K at a color locus close to the Planck curve, and also good color rendering in combination with a strongly focused reflector or other optical system and achieves this goal with a cadmium-free filling.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die kennzeichnenden Merk¬ male des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Weitere vorteilhafte Merkmale sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1. Further advantageous features can be found in the subclaims.
Die erfindungsgemäße Metallhalogenid-Hochdruckent- ladungslampe wird bei spezifischen Bogenleistungen zwischen 100 und 180 W pro mm Bogenlänge betrieben. Bei den kompakten geometrischen Dimensionen der Lampe - sehr kurzer Elektrodenabstand (wenige mm) und geringes Gefäßvolumen (einige Zehntel ml) - entspricht dies Wandbelastungen von 70-120 W pro cm2 Wandfläche des Entladungsgefäßes. Mittels der erfindungsgemäßen Füllungsbestandteile des Entladungsgefäßes werden mittlere Leuchtdichten von 25-75 kcd pro cm2 Bogenfläche erzielt, die mit Hilfe eines Reflektors oder sonstigen optischen Systems auf einen Lichtfleck, dessen Dυrchmesser weniger als 10 mm beträgt, fokussiert werden kann. Der besondere Wert der Erfindung besteht nun darin, daß die gute bis sehr gute Farbwiedergabe (Ra >^ 75) auch nach der Fokussierung erhalten bleibt, wobei der Farbort nahe der Planckschen Kurve liegt, und dies mit einer Füllung erzielt wird, die auf das bisher verwendete toxische Cadmium verzichtet.The metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp according to the invention is operated at specific arc powers between 100 and 180 W per mm arc length. With the compact geometric dimensions of the lamp - very short electrode spacing (a few mm) and small vessel volume (a few tenths of a ml) - this corresponds to wall loads of 70-120 W per cm 2 wall area of the discharge vessel. By means of the filling components of the discharge vessel according to the invention, average luminances of 25-75 kcd per cm 2 of arc area are achieved, which can be focused on a light spot whose diameter is less than 10 mm with the aid of a reflector or other optical system. The particular value of the invention is that the good to very good color rendering (Ra> ^ 75) is retained even after focusing, the color location being close to the Planck curve, and this is achieved with a fill that is based on the previously used toxic cadmium waived.
Der Füllung der erfindungsgemäßen Lampe, die aus Quecksilber, mindestens einem Edelgas und minde¬ stens einem Halogen besteht, ist Dysprosium (Dy), Hafnium (Hf), Lithium (Li) und Indium (In) zuge¬ setzt. Die Füllmengen in μmol pro ml Gefäßvolumen betragen vorteilhaft für Dy, Hf und Li jeweils zwischen 0,3 und 3 sowie für In zwischen 0,2 und 2. Dysprosium sorgt mit seinem Viellinienspektrum für einen hohen Strahlungsfluß im sichtbaren Bereich des elektromagnetischen Spektrums und trägt zusätz¬ lich zum Kontinuu santeil bei. Hafnium erzeugt ebenfalls ein Viellinienspektrum und reduziert außerdem die Entglasungsneigung, indem es einen verstärkten Halogenmantel an der Kolbenwand auf¬ baut. Durch den hohen Dampfdruck der Hafniumhaloge¬ nide wird außerdem die Neigung zu Kolbenschwärzun- gen vermindert und folglich der nutzbare Lichtstrom während der Lampenlebensdauer erhöht.Dysprosium (Dy), hafnium (Hf), lithium (Li) and indium (In) are added to the filling of the lamp according to the invention, which consists of mercury, at least one noble gas and at least one halogen. The fill quantities in μmol per ml vessel volume are advantageously between 0.3 and 3 for Dy, Hf and Li and between 0.2 and 2 for In. With its multi-line spectrum, Dysprosium ensures a high radiation flow in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum and additionally contributes to the continuity component. Hafnium also produces a multi-line spectrum and also reduces the tendency to devitrification by building a reinforced halogen jacket on the piston wall. The high vapor pressure of the hafnium halides also reduces the tendency to bulge bulbs and consequently increases the useful luminous flux during the lamp life.
Durch Lithium und Indium wird der Strahlungsfluß insbesondere im roten und blauen Teil des optischen Spektralbereichs verstärkt. Insgesamt weist das abgestrahlte Licht eine spektrale Zusammensetzung auf, die jener der Planckschen Strahlung sehr nahe kommt, d.h. gute bis sehr gute Farbwiedergabeeigen¬ schaften besitzt. Je nach Verhältnis der Füllmengen der einzelnen Komponenten kann Licht mit einer Farbtemperatur zwischen 4500 und 7000 K erzeugt werden.Lithium and indium increase the radiation flow, especially in the red and blue parts of the optical spectral range. Overall, the emitted light has a spectral composition that comes very close to that of Planck's radiation, i.e. has good to very good color rendering properties. Depending on the ratio of the fill quantities of the individual components, light with a color temperature between 4500 and 7000 K can be generated.
Die erfindungsgemäße Lampe wird bevorzugt in di- chroitischen Spezialreflektoren eingesetzt, die im wesentlichen den inneren Bogenkern abbilden. Durch die gezielte Wahl der beiden atomaren Strahler Lithium und Indium, die bevorzugt im heißen Bogen¬ kern strahlen, wird erreicht, daß die guten Farb- Wiedergabeeigenschaften auch im Fokus dieses Re¬ flektors erhalten bleiben. Außerdem wird durch die Verwendung von Lithium in Kombination mit Hafnium eine hohe Farbstabilität erzielt, d.h. die Farbtem¬ peratur ändert sich nur wenig innerhalb der Lampen- lebensdauer. Zur Bogenstabilisierung kann das Entladungsgefäß zusätzlich bis zu 3 μmol Cäsium pro cm3 Gefäßvolu¬ men enthalten. Zur Aufrechterhaltung des Halogen¬ kreisprozesses werden vorteilhaft Jod und Brom in einem molaren Verhältnis zwischen 0,3 und 1,5 verwendet. Des weiteren enthält die Lampe Quecksil¬ ber von typisch einigen Zehn bis einigen Hundert μmol pro cm3 Gefäßvolumen und ein Edelgas, bei¬ spielsweise Argon, als Grundgas. Der Fülldruck des Edelgases in der kalten Lampe beträgt weniger als Atmosphärendruck - typisch einige 10 kPa -, so daß in diesem Fall eine gefahrlose Handhabung möglich ist. Andererseits ist der Druckbereich hoch genug, so daß beim Zünden ein unerwünschtes Abdampfen der Wolfram-Elektroden und damit eine Schwärzung des Entladungsgefäßes weitgehend verhindert wird.The lamp according to the invention is preferably used in dichroic special reflectors which essentially depict the inner arc core. The specific choice of the two atomic emitters lithium and indium, which preferably emit in the hot arc core, ensures that the good color rendering properties are retained in the focus of this reflector. In addition, the use of lithium in combination with hafnium achieves high color stability, ie the color temperature changes only slightly within the lamp life. To stabilize the arc, the discharge vessel can additionally contain up to 3 μmol cesium per cm 3 vessel volume. To maintain the halogen cycle process, iodine and bromine are advantageously used in a molar ratio between 0.3 and 1.5. Furthermore, the lamp contains mercury of typically a few tens to a few hundred μmol per cm 3 of vessel volume and an inert gas, for example argon, as the base gas. The filling pressure of the rare gas in the cold lamp is less than atmospheric pressure - typically a few 10 kPa - so that safe handling is possible in this case. On the other hand, the pressure range is high enough that undesired evaporation of the tungsten electrodes and thus blackening of the discharge vessel is largely prevented during ignition.
Die erfindungsgemäße Metallhalogenid-Hochdruckent- ladungslampe wird zwar bevorzugt in einem fest mit der Lampe verbundenen Reflektor eingesetzt, aller¬ dings ist es auch möglich, die Lampe ohne fest verbundenen Reflektor zu verwenden.The metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp according to the invention is preferably used in a reflector which is fixedly connected to the lamp, but it is also possible to use the lamp without a firmly connected reflector.
Die Erfindung wird anhand des nachfolgenden Ausfüh- rungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es zeigenThe invention is explained in more detail with the aid of the following exemplary embodiment. Show it
Fig. 1 eine teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Metallhalogenid- Hochdruckentladungslampe mit ReflektorFig. 1 is a partially sectioned side view of a metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp with reflector
Fig. 2 je ein Spektrum aus dem Bogenkern (A) bzw. unteren Bogenrand (B) der Lampe aus Fig. 1.2 each a spectrum from the arc core (A) or lower edge of the arc (B) of the lamp from FIG. 1.
Figur 1 zeigt eine in einem Reflektor 1 fest einge- baute Metallhalogenid-Hochdruckentladungslampe 2 mit einer Leistungsaufnahme von 270 W. Die Lampe 2 liegt dabei mit ihrer Achse in der Achse des Re¬ flektors 1. Während ein Elektrodenschaft 3 mittels Kitt 4 im Keramiksockel 5 befestigt ist, wird der andere Elektrodenschaft 6 durch gleichzeitig als Stromzuführungen dienende Kupferbänder 7 am Keramik¬ abschlußring 8 des Reflektors 1 gehalten. Die Metallhalogenid-Hochdruckentladungslampe 2 besitzt ein Entladungsgefäß 9, dessen Volumen 0,35 cm3 beträgt. Die Elektroden 10, 11 sind in einem Ab¬ stand von 2,2 mm über vakuumdicht eingeschmolzene Molybdänfolien 12, 13 mit den Stromzuführungen 14, 15 verbunden. Ein Stromanschluß 16 ist im Sockel 5, der andere (hier nicht sichtbar) am Abschlußring 8 des Reflektors 1 angebracht.FIG. 1 shows a metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp 2 permanently installed in a reflector 1 with a power consumption of 270 W. The lamp 2 lies with its axis in the axis of the reflector 1. While an electrode shaft 3 is fastened in the ceramic base 5 by means of cement 4, the other electrode shaft 6 is held on the ceramic end ring 8 of the reflector 1 by copper strips 7 which simultaneously serve as current leads. The metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp 2 has a discharge vessel 9, the volume of which is 0.35 cm 3 . The electrodes 10, 11 are connected to the power supply lines 14, 15 at a spacing of 2.2 mm via molybdenum foils 12, 13 which are melted down in a vacuum-tight manner. A power connection 16 is mounted in the base 5, the other (not visible here) on the end ring 8 of the reflector 1.
Der Reflektor 1 erzeugt in der Brennebene einen im wesentlichen kreisförmigen Lichtfleck der Lichtlei¬ stung .φ mit nahezu gaußförmiger räumlicher Vertei¬ lung der Beleuchtungsstärke E(r). In Polarkoordina¬ ten gilt daher näherungsweiseIn the focal plane, the reflector 1 generates an essentially circular light spot of the light output .φ with an almost Gaussian spatial distribution of the illuminance E (r). In polar coordinates, therefore, approximately applies
wobei r die Radialkoordinate und ro den Radius deswhere r is the radial coordinate and ro is the radius of the
Lichtflecks bedeuten. Der Radius r.= r gibt dem¬ nach den radialen Abstand vom Zentrum des Licht¬ flecks an, bei dem die Beleuchtungsstärke um den Faktor 1/e2 kleiner ist, als die maximale Beleuch¬ tungsstärke Emι (r =0) im Zentrum des Licht¬ flecks. Der so definierte Durchmesser d= 2 x ro desLight spots mean. The radius r . = r accordingly indicates the radial distance from the center of the light spot at which the illuminance is smaller by a factor 1 / e 2 than the maximum illuminance E mi (r = 0) in the center of the light spot. The diameter thus defined d = 2 x ro des
Lichtflecks - innerhalb dieser Abmessung befinden sich 1-1/e2 = 86,5 % der gesamten Lichtleistung des Lichtflecks (in Anlehnung an die Vornorm DIN VLight spots - within this dimension there are 1-1 / e 2 = 86.5% of the total light output of the light spot (based on the pre-standard DIN V
18 730) - beträgt ca. 4 mm. Der Öffnungswinkel der Strahlkaustik im Bereich des Fokus beträgt dabei ca. 60°. Nahezu der gesamte Lichtstrom kann also effizient in dünne Glasfaserbündel eingekoppelt werden, wobei der nutzbare Durchmesser des Glasfa- serbündels bis zu 4 mm klein sein darf, sofern der Akzeptanzwinkel des Bündels mindestens 60° beträgt18 730) - is approx. 4 mm. The opening angle of the Beam caustic in the area of the focus is approx. 60 °. Almost the entire luminous flux can thus be efficiently coupled into thin glass fiber bundles, whereby the usable diameter of the glass fiber bundle can be as small as 4 mm, provided the acceptance angle of the bundle is at least 60 °
Aus der nachfolgenden Tabelle ist eine erfindungs¬ gemäße Füllung des Entladungsgefäßes 9 der Lampe 2 aus der Figur 1 sowie die erzielten lichttechni¬ schen Daten dieser Lampe (Farbwiedergabeindex Ra für Lampe 2 inkl. Reflektor 1) ersichtlich.The following table shows a filling according to the invention of the discharge vessel 9 of the lamp 2 from FIG. 1 and the light-technical data obtained for this lamp (color rendering index Ra for lamp 2 including reflector 1).
Tabelle Stoffmenge der Füllungsbestandteile in μmol:Table of substance quantity of the filling components in μmol:
Fülldruck des Grundgases (Ar) 45 kPaBase gas filling pressure (Ar) 45 kPa
Entladungsgefäßvolumen 0,35 cm3 Discharge tube volume 0.35 cm 3
Elektrodenabstand 2,2 mmElectrode spacing 2.2 mm
Leistungsaufnahme 270 WPower consumption 270 W.
Brennspannung 40 VBurning voltage 40 V
Spezifische Bogenleistung 125 W/mmSpecific arc power 125 W / mm
Wandbelastung 82 W/cm2 Wall load 82 W / cm 2
Lichtausbeute 70 lm/W mittle ■ -■; Leuchtdichte 35 kcd/cm2 Luminous efficacy 70 lm / W average ■ - ■ ; Luminance 35 kcd / cm 2
Ra (Lampe inkl. Reflektor) 80Ra (lamp including reflector) 80
Farbtemperatur 5400 KColor temperature 5400 K.
Lebensdauer > 250 h Die ausgeglichene spektrale Zusammensetzung des aus dem Bogenkern emittierten Lichts - Vorausset¬ zung für eine gute Farbwiedergabe bei Verwendung eines fokussierenden Reflektors - ist in Figur 2 dokumentiert. Dargestellt sind zwei mit Hilfe eines Spektrometers gemessene Emissionsspektren der in Figur 1 beschriebenen Lampe im Spektralbereich zwischen 250 und 925 nm. Sie stammen aus dem Licht des Bogenkerns A bzw. des unteren Bogenrandes B und verdeutlichen die Ortsabhängigkeit der spektralen Zusammensetzung des emittierten Lichts. Auf der Ordinate ist die relative Lichtintensität in rela¬ tiven Einheiten aufgetragen und auf der Abszisse die Wellenlänge in Nanometern (nm). Die spektrale Auflösung des verwendeten Spektrometers beträgt ca. 1,5 nm. Seine spektrale Übertragungsfunktion wurde mit Hilfe des Spektrums einer Halogenglühlampe für Wellenlängen > 350 nm korrigiert. Die stärksten Linien des Quecksilbers sind nicht vollständig dargestellt, um die Struktur der restlichen Spek¬ tren besser erkennen zu können (die Maximalwerte der genannten Linien betragen etwa 67 000 in rela¬ tiven Einheiten). Die zwei auffälligsten Merkmale beider Spektren sind der Untergrund und die Viel- zahl der sich daraus erhebenden Spektrallinien. Der Untergrund besteht aus Kontinuumsstrahlung (Rekom¬ binationsstrahlung ungebundener Elektronen) , Mole¬ külbanden (z.B. Halogenidmoleküle) und eng benach¬ barte Resonanzlinien atomarer Strahler (z.B. Dy, Hf), die durch das verwendete Spektrometer nicht in einzelne Linien aufgelöst wurden.Lifespan> 250 h The balanced spectral composition of the light emitted from the arc core - a prerequisite for good color rendering when using a focusing reflector - is documented in FIG. 2. Two emission spectra of the lamp described in FIG. 1, measured with the aid of a spectrometer, are shown in the spectral range between 250 and 925 nm. They originate from the light of the arc core A or the lower arc edge B and illustrate the positional dependence of the spectral composition of the emitted light. The relative light intensity is plotted in relative units on the ordinate and the wavelength in nanometers (nm) on the abscissa. The spectral resolution of the spectrometer used is approximately 1.5 nm. Its spectral transfer function has been corrected using the spectrum of a halogen incandescent lamp for wavelengths> 350 nm. The strongest lines of mercury are not shown completely in order to be able to better recognize the structure of the remaining spectra (the maximum values of the lines mentioned are about 67,000 in relative units). The two most striking features of both spectra are the background and the large number of spectral lines emerging from them. The background consists of continuum radiation (recombination radiation of unbound electrons), molecular bands (eg halide molecules) and closely adjacent resonance lines of atomic emitters (eg Dy, Hf), which were not resolved into individual lines by the spectrometer used.
Durch die erfindungsgemäßen Füllungsbestandteile hat wie gewünscht das aus dem Bogenkern emittierte und anschließend durch den Reflektor fokussierte Licht eine innerhalb des gesamten sichtbaren Be¬ reichs (ca. 380-780 nm) ausgewogene spektrale Zusammensetzung, die einer Planckschen Verteilung ähnlich ist. Wie deutlich zu ersehen ist, wird insbesondere durch Indium und Lithium ein Auffüllen des Spektrums A im grün-blauen sowie roten Bereich erzielt, so daß schließlich eine gute bis sehr gute Farbwiedergabe des aus dem Bogenkern emittierten Lichts erreicht wird. Das aus dem Bogenrand emit- tierte Licht hat hingegen keine guten Farbwiederga¬ beeigenschaften, da der blau-grüne Spektralanteil deutlich unterrepräsentiert ist (s. Spektrum B). As a result of the filling components according to the invention, that which is emitted from the arch core and subsequently focused by the reflector Light has a spectral composition balanced within the entire visible range (approx. 380-780 nm), which is similar to a Planck distribution. As can clearly be seen, indium and lithium in particular fill the spectrum A in the green-blue and red areas, so that finally good to very good color rendering of the light emitted from the arc core is achieved. The light emitted from the edge of the sheet, however, does not have good color rendering properties, since the blue-green spectral component is clearly underrepresented (see spectrum B).

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Metallhalogenid-Hochdruckentladungslampe (2) mit einer mittleren Bogenleistung zwischen 100 und 180 W pro mm Bogenlänge, insbesondere für den Einbau in optische Systeme (1), mit einem Entla- dungsgefäß (9) aus hochtemperaturfestem lichtdurch¬ lässigen Material, zwei hochtemperaturbeständigen Elektroden (10, 11) und einer Füllung aus Quecksil¬ ber, mindestens einem Edelgas, mindestens einem Halogen sowie weiteren Metallen, die Metallhaloge- nide bilden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Erzeu¬ gung von Licht mit einer Farbtemperatur zwischen 4500 und 7000 K und Leuchtdichten zwischen 25 und 75 kcd/cm2 die Füllung als halogenidbildende Metal¬ le Dysprosium, Hafnium, Lithium und Indium enthält.1. Metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp (2) with an average arc power between 100 and 180 W per mm arc length, in particular for installation in optical systems (1), with a discharge vessel (9) made of high-temperature-resistant, translucent material, two high-temperature-resistant electrodes (10, 11) and a filling of mercury, at least one noble gas, at least one halogen and other metals which form metal halides, characterized in that for the generation of light with a color temperature between 4500 and 7000 K and luminance the filling contains between 25 and 75 kcd / cm 2 as halide-forming metals dysprosium, hafnium, lithium and indium.
2. Lampe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Füllmenge des Dysprosiums, Hafniums und Lithiums jeweils zwischen 0,3 und 3 μmol pro cm3 des Gefäßvolumens beträgt.2. Lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that the filling amount of the dysprosium, hafnium and lithium is in each case between 0.3 and 3 μmol per cm 3 of the vessel volume.
3. Lampe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Füllmenge des Indiums zwischen 0,2 und3. Lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that the filling amount of the indium between 0.2 and
2 μmol pro cm3 des Gefäßvolumens beträgt.2 μmol per cm 3 of the vessel volume.
4. Lampe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Entladungsgefäß zusätzlich bis zu 3 μmol pro cm3 des Gefäßvolumens Cäsium enthält.4. Lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge vessel additionally contains up to 3 μmol per cm 3 of the vessel volume cesium.
5. Lampe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Entladungsgefäß als Halogene für die Halo- genidverbindungen Jod und Brom enthält.5. Lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge vessel contains iodine and bromine as halogens for the halide compounds.
6. Lampe nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Molverhältnis von Jod und Brom zwischen 0,3 und 1,5 beträgt. 6. Lamp according to claim 5, characterized in that the molar ratio of iodine and bromine is between 0.3 and 1.5.
7. Lampe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei der Abbildung des Bogenkerns auf einen Lichtfleck mit einem Durchmesser zwischen 3 und 10 mm ein Farbwiedergabeindex des Lichts von Ra > 75 erzielt wird. 7. Lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that a color rendering index of light of Ra> 75 is achieved in the imaging of the arc core on a light spot with a diameter between 3 and 10 mm.
EP94918286A 1993-07-02 1994-06-20 Metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp Expired - Lifetime EP0706713B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4322115 1993-07-02
DE4322115A DE4322115A1 (en) 1993-07-02 1993-07-02 Metal halide high-jerk discharge lamp
PCT/DE1994/000702 WO1995001648A1 (en) 1993-07-02 1994-06-20 Metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp

Publications (2)

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EP0706713A1 true EP0706713A1 (en) 1996-04-17
EP0706713B1 EP0706713B1 (en) 1997-11-05

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JPH10283993A (en) * 1997-04-03 1998-10-23 Matsushita Electron Corp Metal halide lamp
JP3200575B2 (en) * 1997-09-01 2001-08-20 フェニックス電機株式会社 Metal halide lamp
US6479946B2 (en) * 1999-03-05 2002-11-12 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Method and system for driving high pressure mercury discharge lamp, and image projector
WO2001035444A1 (en) * 1999-11-11 2001-05-17 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. High-pressure discharge lamp
JP2001185080A (en) * 1999-12-27 2001-07-06 Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corp High pressure discharge lam, high pressure discharge lamp device and lighting device
US20040014391A1 (en) * 2001-03-08 2004-01-22 Abbas Lamouri High intensity discharge lamps, arc tubes and methods of manufacture
US6517404B1 (en) * 2001-03-08 2003-02-11 Advanced Lighting Technologies, Inc. High intensity discharge lamps, arc tubes and methods of manufacture
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JP2817804B2 (en) 1998-10-30
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DE4322115A1 (en) 1995-01-12
JPH08506450A (en) 1996-07-09

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