EP0706585B1 - Process for treating sclerenchyma fibres, in particular flax - Google Patents

Process for treating sclerenchyma fibres, in particular flax Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0706585B1
EP0706585B1 EP94919650A EP94919650A EP0706585B1 EP 0706585 B1 EP0706585 B1 EP 0706585B1 EP 94919650 A EP94919650 A EP 94919650A EP 94919650 A EP94919650 A EP 94919650A EP 0706585 B1 EP0706585 B1 EP 0706585B1
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Prior art keywords
fibre
fibers
sliver
fibres
sections
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0706585A1 (en
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Herbert Costard
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Windi Winderlich GmbH
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Windi Winderlich GmbH
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01B1/00—Mechanical separation of fibres from plant material, e.g. seeds, leaves, stalks
    • D01B1/10—Separating vegetable fibres from stalks or leaves
    • D01B1/14—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating
    • D01B1/30—Details of machines
    • D01B1/40—Arrangements for disposing of non-fibrous materials
    • D01B1/42—Arrangements for disposing of non-fibrous materials employing liquids
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G13/00—Mixing, e.g. blending, fibres; Mixing non-fibrous materials with fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G21/00—Combinations of machines, apparatus, or processes, e.g. for continuous processing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for processing sclerenchyma fibers, in particular flax, by mechanical processing with the formation of a fiber sliver and alignment of the fibers essentially parallel to one another.
  • a yarn is usually obtained from the combined long fibers in subsequent processing steps, which is then processed, for example, into textile materials, the Long fibers continue to contain wood components to a certain extent, including impurities, and in particular are unbleached.
  • long fibers obtained by panting cannot be mixed with short fibers of other materials, such as cotton, to obtain mixed yarns, since the long-fiber wet spinning machines, which otherwise work very slowly, cannot process such a fiber mixture.
  • the long fibers are therefore processed into a roving or finished yarn without the addition of other fibers.
  • the roving which has been given a certain strength and fiber bond by a first spinning step, is cleaned and bleached, while cleaning the finished yarn is more difficult because the cleaning liquor penetrates the finished yarn much more poorly than the roving.
  • the tow obtained during processing by panting is either processed directly into relatively coarse yarns or carded in such a way that short fibers are formed (so-called cottonizing), which are used unbleached for the manufacture of yarn or fleece.
  • cottonizing short fibers are formed
  • a washing and bleaching process such as flock or batch cooking
  • a mass of cleaned and bleached short fibers is formed, which is, however, heavily matted and in which the fibers are twisted or twisted together. It is therefore not readily possible to obtain a fiber structure that can be further processed into threads or in some other way from this mass, unless it is caused by strong mechanical tearing. This leads to considerable rejects and fiber shortening.
  • a method of the type mentioned at the outset is designed in such a way that the fibers of the sliver by chemical and / or cooking processing of the sliver of wood components, fats, pectins and other contaminants are freed, that the treated sliver is dried, that the sliver is divided into shorter sections, that the sections to form fiber bundles are at least partially torn and that the fiber bundles are carded at a set moisture content of at least 10% by weight and combined to form a fine fiber band.
  • the division into shorter sections can take place by cutting or tearing the sliver, the cutting having the advantage that it is easier to carry out and results in precisely defined section lengths, but as a result of the cutting also a relatively large proportion of very short pieces of fiber arises which are suitable for further processing is not suitable.
  • tearing the sliver into shorter sections is somewhat more complex and does not lead to precisely defined section lengths.
  • it has the advantage that the proportion of fiber pieces which have been destroyed and which are no longer processed due to their short length is significantly reduced.
  • the fibers within the recovered sections are in a substantially parallel orientation and the fiber bundles forming the sections are at least partially torn, i.e. they are subjected to a process known as "opening” in cotton processing. In cotton processing, this "opening” or “tearing” takes place within a layer of cotton that was previously peeled off from a cotton bale.
  • the moisture content is 9% by weight.
  • a somewhat higher moisture content must be set, which is at least 10% by weight and which is limited by the processability on the card. Due to the increased moisture content, which is a maximum of 30% by weight, but preferably between 11% by weight and 17% by weight, even more preferably between 12% by weight and 14% by weight and in a very particularly preferred manner Embodiment is 13 wt .-%, the hydrogen bonds holding the fibers dissolve without the fibers sticking in the card.
  • the fibers obtained in this way and combined into a fine fiber ribbon, if they are flax fibers have a structure surprisingly similar to that of cotton, and they can be processed in the same way as cotton fibers, for example by spinning into a yarn.
  • the length of the sections to be produced from the sliver is essentially determined by the ability of the card used to process long fibers, since the fiber losses the longer the sections are selected, the lower the number.
  • the length is preferably between 50 mm and 250 mm, in particular between 65 mm and 120 mm.
  • the moisture content of the fiber bundles for carding can be adjusted in a particularly preferred manner by appropriately adjusting the moisture content of the fiber sliver before cutting into shorter sections.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to mix sclerenchym fibers, in particular flax fibers, with fibers of a different type, such as wool or cotton. This has not been possible until now if you wanted to obtain a cleaned yarn as a result of such a mixing process and further processing.
  • the different fibers, sclerenchyma fibers, in particular flax fibers on the one hand and in particular wool on the other hand can only be cleaned by very different cleaning processes, the chemicals of which are harmful in each case. act on the other type of fiber.
  • flax fibers have so far only been inadequately cleaned in a state broken down into short fibers, since, as mentioned above, the tow consisting of short fibers is converted into a mass of heavily matted and partly twisted or twisted fibers by a washing and bleaching process can only be processed very poorly. So far, the cleaning of the flax fibers has only been carried out if they were in the form of a half-thread or yarn.
  • fiber bundles are obtained which consist of cleaned sclerenchyma fibers, in particular flax fibers, so that these cleaned and spinnable fibers are mixed with also cleaned wool or cotton fibers and combined by carding to form a fine fiber band and finally processed into a mixed yarn can be.
  • the wool or cotton fibers are usually added dry, since they do not have the problem of dissolving hydrogen bonds when carding.
  • the flax fibers obtained according to the invention have approximately the same abrasion properties as plastic fibers which are currently used for the production of mixed yarns from plastic fibers and wool or cotton.
  • the flax fibers produced according to the invention can therefore replace the plastic fibers currently used.
  • the fiber sliver obtained was passed in two passes at a speed of 5 m / min through a continuously operating system of the Construmony Machine Tessile, Schio, Italy, which had a card sliver unwind station with 16 card slivers, a unit made of foulard (chemical soaking device) and intermediate steamers, a storage damper , 4 sieve drum machines (Lisseuse washing systems), a sieve drum dryer and a card sliver storage.
  • the treated sliver was then treated in the steamer with saturated steam at 102 ° C. for 30 minutes. Drying took place at 140 ° C to 150 ° C.
  • Magnesium sulfate 8 ml / l Water glass 38 ° Bé 5 ml / l Sodium hydroxide solution 50 ° Bé 6 g / l Cottoclarin OK 2 g / l Securon 540 2 g / l Belsoft 200 (plasticizer) 60 ml / l Hydrogen peroxide 35% took place.
  • the speed setting was the same as that of the above wash and the liquor pickup was 71%.
  • the treatment in the steamer was carried out under the same conditions as for the washing process.
  • the fiber sliver was then dried at 140 ° C. to 150 ° C. and a speed of 5 m / min to a residual moisture of approx. 10%.
  • the fiber sliver obtained in this way or the fiber slivers obtained in this way were on a staple fiber cutting machine type NMC 290 from Neumag Neumünstersche Maschinen- und Anlagenbau GmbH, Neumünster, cut into sections with a length of 77 mm.
  • the dimensions of the fibers thus obtained largely corresponded to the dimensions of cotton fibers.
  • the proportions of fiber lengths obtained with 10 drawn samples are shown in the fiber diagram according to FIG. 1, in which the ordinate shows the proportion of fibers which has at least the length indicated on the abscissa, that is to say equal to the specified length or longer.
  • this fiber length distribution essentially corresponds to a fiber length distribution of cotton, as shown in the fiber diagram according to FIG. 2.
  • a microscopic examination showed that the fiber thickness of the flax fibers obtained was of the same order of magnitude as the fiber thickness of the cotton fibers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Sclerenchyma fibres, in particular flax, are mechanically processed to form a fibre band and the fibers are oriented in a substantially parallel direction. Ligneous components, fats, pectins and other impurities are removed from the fibres of the fibre band by chemically processing and/or digesting the fibre band, and the thus processed fibre band is dried and cut into shorter sections. In order to form fibre bundles, these sections are at least partially ripped or opened. The fibre bundles are carded at a regulated humidity content of at least 10 % by weight and are assembled into a fine fibre band.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein verfahren zum Aufbereiten von Sklerenchym-Fasern, insbesondere Flachs, durch mechanische Bearbeitung unter Bildung eines Faserbandes und Ausrichtung der Fasern im wesentlichen parallel zueinander.The invention relates to a method for processing sclerenchyma fibers, in particular flax, by mechanical processing with the formation of a fiber sliver and alignment of the fibers essentially parallel to one another.

Bei bekannten Verfahren dieser Art (DE-B-3 414 437) erfolgt die Bearbeitung durch maschinelles Schwingen und Hecheln, d.h. die Fasern, insbesondere Flachsfasern werden eingespannt und dann mittels Hechelkämmen bearbeitet, so daß einerseits Holzbestandteile u.ä. entfernt und andererseits die Fasern parallel zueinander ausgerichtet werden. Dabei findet eine Aufteilung des Bastes in Langfasern, die eingespannt gehalten und parallel ausgerichtet werden, und in sogenanntes Werg statt, das aus sehr kurzen Fasern besteht und aus den gehaltenen Langfasern ausgekämmt und entfernt wird.Known methods of this type (DE-B-3 414 437) are processed by mechanical swinging and panting, i.e. the fibers, in particular flax fibers, are clamped and then processed by means of hackle combs, so that on the one hand wood components and the like. removed and on the other hand the fibers are aligned parallel to each other. The bast is divided into long fibers, which are held clamped and aligned in parallel, and into so-called tow, which consists of very short fibers and is combed and removed from the long fibers.

Aus den zusammengefaßten Langfasern wird üblicherweise in nachfolgenden Bearbeitungsgängen ein Garn gewonnen, das dann beispielsweise zu Textilmaterialien verarbeitet wird, wobei die Langfasern weiterhin in gewissem Umfang Holzbestandteile u.a. Verunreinigungen enthalten und insbesondere ungebleicht sind.A yarn is usually obtained from the combined long fibers in subsequent processing steps, which is then processed, for example, into textile materials, the Long fibers continue to contain wood components to a certain extent, including impurities, and in particular are unbleached.

Diese durch Hecheln gewonnenen Langfasern lassen sich nicht zur Gewinnung von Mischgarnen mit kurzen Fasern anderen Materials, etwa Baumwolle vermischen, da die Langfaser-Naß-Spinnmaschinen, die im übrigen sehr langsam arbeiten, eine solche Fasermischung nicht verarbeiten können. Die Langfasern werden daher ohne Zusätze von anderen Fasern zu einem Vorgarn oder Fertiggarn verarbeitet. Üblicherweise wird das Vorgarn, das durch einen ersten Spinnschritt eine gewisse Festigkeit und Faserbindung erhalten hat, gereinigt und gebleicht, während eine Reinigung des Fertiggarns schwieriger ist, weil die Reinigungslauge das Fertiggarn wesentlich schlechter durchdringt als das Vorgarn.These long fibers obtained by panting cannot be mixed with short fibers of other materials, such as cotton, to obtain mixed yarns, since the long-fiber wet spinning machines, which otherwise work very slowly, cannot process such a fiber mixture. The long fibers are therefore processed into a roving or finished yarn without the addition of other fibers. Usually, the roving, which has been given a certain strength and fiber bond by a first spinning step, is cleaned and bleached, while cleaning the finished yarn is more difficult because the cleaning liquor penetrates the finished yarn much more poorly than the roving.

Das bei der Bearbeitung durch Hecheln gewonnene Werg wird entweder direkt zu verhältnismäßig groben Garnen verarbeitet oder so kardiert, daß Kurzfasern entstehen (sogenanntes Cottonisieren), die ungebleicht zur Garn- oder Vliesherstellung verwendet werden. Wird das Werg einem Wasch- und Bleichverfahren, wie etwa Flocke- oder Batchkochung unterworfen, so entsteht eine Masse aus gereinigten und gebleichten Kurzfasern, die jedoch stark verfilzt ist und in der die Fasern zum Teil miteinander verdreht bzw. verzwirnt sind. Es ist daher nicht ohne weiteres möglich, aus dieser Masse eine zu Fäden oder auf andere Weise weiterverarbeitbare Faserstruktur zu gewinnen, es sei denn, durch starkes mechanisches Reißen. Dies führt zu erheblichem Ausschuß und einer Faserverkürzung.The tow obtained during processing by panting is either processed directly into relatively coarse yarns or carded in such a way that short fibers are formed (so-called cottonizing), which are used unbleached for the manufacture of yarn or fleece. If the tow is subjected to a washing and bleaching process, such as flock or batch cooking, a mass of cleaned and bleached short fibers is formed, which is, however, heavily matted and in which the fibers are twisted or twisted together. It is therefore not readily possible to obtain a fiber structure that can be further processed into threads or in some other way from this mass, unless it is caused by strong mechanical tearing. This leads to considerable rejects and fiber shortening.

Es ist ferner bereits bekannt (EP-A-0 527 666, die den am nächsten kommender, Stand der Technik aufzeigt), durch konventionelle Bearbeitung ein Vormaterial aus Sklerenchym-Fasern herzustellen, worauf dann der so gewonnene Faserverband in Abschnitte von 150 mm bis 400 mm zerschnitten wird. Diese Abschnitte werden einer Vorimprägnierung unterworfen und einer Dampfbehandlung bei erhöhtem Druck sowie einer Umgebungsdruckbehandlung ausgesetzt. Danach werden die Abschnitte gewaschen und getrocknet, um dann zu einem Faserband verarbeitet zu werden.It is also already known (EP-A-0 527 666, which shows the closest state of the art) to produce a starting material from sclerenchymic fibers by conventional processing, whereupon the fiber structure thus obtained is then cut into sections from 150 mm to 400 mm is cut. These sections are pre-impregnated and subjected to steam treatment at elevated pressure and ambient pressure treatment. The sections are then washed and dried and then processed into a sliver.

Bei einem solchen Verfahren ergibt sich das Problem, daß die verhältnismäßig kurzen Faserverband-Abschnitte bei dem Waschvorgang aufgelöst und die Fasern stark miteinander verfilzt werden. Eine derartige Faserverbindung läßt sich nur durch erhebliche mechanische Belastungen auflösen, was zu großen Faserverlusten und starken Faserverkürzungen führt und letztlich eine Aufteilung der Fasern in solche mit einer Länge im wesentlichen entsprechend der Abschnittslänge und in Werg zur Folge hat. Diese beiden Bestandteile können jedoch nicht gemeinsam zu einem Faserband weiterverarbeitet werden.With such a method, the problem arises that the relatively short fiber composite sections are dissolved during the washing process and the fibers are strongly felted together. Such a fiber connection can only be broken up by considerable mechanical loads, which leads to large fiber losses and severe fiber shortening and ultimately results in a division of the fibers into those with a length essentially corresponding to the section length and in tow. However, these two components cannot be processed together to form a sliver.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren zu schaffen, mit dem Sklerenchym-Fasern, insbesondere Flachsfasern so aufbereitet werden, daß man schließlich Fasern erhält, die in ihrer Struktur und ihren Eigenschaften Baumwollfasern vergleichbar und daher entsprechend verarbeitbar sind.It is an object of the invention to provide a method with which sclerenchyma fibers, in particular flax fibers, are processed in such a way that fibers are finally obtained which are comparable in their structure and properties to cotton fibers and can therefore be processed accordingly.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird ein Verfahren der eingangs erwähnten Art erfindungsgemäß derart ausgestaltet, daß die Fasern des Faserbandes durch eine chemische und/oder Kochbearbeitung des Faserbandes von Holzbestandteilen, Fetten, Pektinen und anderen Verunreinigungen befreit werden, daß das behandelte Faserband getrocknet wird, daß das Faserband in kürzere Abschnitte zerteilt wird, daß die Abschnitte zur Bildung von Fasernbündeln zumindest teilweise zerrupft werden und daß die Faserbündel bei einem eingestellten Feuchtigkeitsgehalt von mindestens 10 Gew.-% kardiert und zu einem Feinfaser-Band zusammengefaßt werden.To achieve this object, a method of the type mentioned at the outset is designed in such a way that the fibers of the sliver by chemical and / or cooking processing of the sliver of wood components, fats, pectins and other contaminants are freed, that the treated sliver is dried, that the sliver is divided into shorter sections, that the sections to form fiber bundles are at least partially torn and that the fiber bundles are carded at a set moisture content of at least 10% by weight and combined to form a fine fiber band.

Obwohl man bei der Verarbeitung von Sklerenchym-Fasern, insbesondere Flachsfasern seit Jahrzehnten, wenn nicht gar Jahrhunderten so vorgegangen ist, daß man das fertige Garn oder allenfalls das Vorgarn dem Reinigungsschritt unterworfen hat, hat sich überraschenderweise gezeigt, daß sich das Faserband einem konventionellen Reinigungsvorgang unterwerfen läßt, ohne daß der Faserverband aufgelöst wird. Vielmehr halten die Fasern auch im nassen Zustand des Faserbandes zusammen und behalten ihre ausgerichtete Lage bei.Although the processing of sclerenchyma fibers, in particular flax fibers, has been done for decades, if not centuries, in such a way that the finished yarn or possibly the roving has been subjected to the cleaning step, it has surprisingly been found that the sliver undergoes a conventional cleaning process leaves without the fiber structure being dissolved. Rather, the fibers hold together even when the sliver is wet and maintain their aligned position.

Während bei Anwendung eines derartigen Verfahrensschrittes auf ein Faserband aus Wolle o.ä. eine weitere Bearbeitung des Faserbandes zur Verarbeitung zu einem Garn erfolgt, also üblicherweise Streckvorgänge und Glättungen stattfinden, wird bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren das bearbeitete Faserband in kürzere Abschnitte zerteilt, wobei ein derartiges Zerteilen praktisch nur möglich ist, wenn das Faserband zuvor getrocknet wurde.While using such a process step on a sliver of wool or the like. Further processing of the sliver for processing into a yarn takes place, i.e. usually stretching and smoothing take place, the processed sliver is cut into shorter sections in the method according to the invention, such cutting being practically only possible if the sliver has been dried beforehand.

Das Zerteilen in kürzere Abschnitte kann durch Zerschneiden oder durch Zerreißen des Faserbandes stattfinden, wobei das Zerschneiden den Vorteil hat, daß es einfacher durchführbar ist und genau definierte Abschnittslängen ergibt, jedoch infolge des Zerschneidens auch ein verhältnismäßig großer Anteil von sehr kurzen Faserstücken entsteht, die für die Weiterverarbeitung nicht geeignet sind. Demgegenüber ist das Zerreißen des Faserbandes in kürzere Abschnitte etwas aufwendiger und führt zu nicht genau definierten Abschnittslängen. Es hat jedoch den Vorteil, daß der Anteil der zerstörten und wegen ihrer geringen Länge nicht mehr weiterverarbeiteten Faserstücke deutlich reduziert ist.The division into shorter sections can take place by cutting or tearing the sliver, the cutting having the advantage that it is easier to carry out and results in precisely defined section lengths, but as a result of the cutting also a relatively large proportion of very short pieces of fiber arises which are suitable for further processing is not suitable. In contrast, tearing the sliver into shorter sections is somewhat more complex and does not lead to precisely defined section lengths. However, it has the advantage that the proportion of fiber pieces which have been destroyed and which are no longer processed due to their short length is significantly reduced.

Die Fasern innerhalb der gewonnenen Abschnitte befinden sich in einer im wesentlichen parallelen Ausrichtung, und die die Abschnitte bildenden Faserbündel werden zumindest teilweise zerrupft, d.h. sie werden einem Vorgang unterworfen, der in der Baumwollverarbeitung als "Öffnen" bezeichnet wird. In der Baumwollverarbeitung erfolgt dieses "Öffnen" oder "Zerrupfen" innerhalb einer Schicht von Baumwolle, die zuvor von einem Baumwollballen abgeschält wurde.The fibers within the recovered sections are in a substantially parallel orientation and the fiber bundles forming the sections are at least partially torn, i.e. they are subjected to a process known as "opening" in cotton processing. In cotton processing, this "opening" or "tearing" takes place within a layer of cotton that was previously peeled off from a cotton bale.

Wenn sich die Faserbündel in einem Normklima befinden, ergibt sich ein Feuchtigkeitsgehalt von 9 Gew.-%. Um bei der nachfolgenden erfindungsgemäßen Kardierung eine Auftrennung der Faser im wesentlichen in Elementarfasern zu erreichen, muß ein etwas höherer Feuchtigkeitsgehalt eingestellt werden, der mindestens 10 Gew.-% beträgt und nach oben durch die Verarbeitungsfähigkeit auf der Karde begrenzt wird. Durch den erhöhten Feuchtigkeitsgehalt, der maximal 30 Gew.-% beträgt, jedoch vorzugsweise zwischen 11 Gew.-% und 17 Gew.-%, noch weiter bevorzugt zwischen 12 Gew.-% und 14 Gew.-% und in einem ganz besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel bei 13 Gew.-% liegt, lösen sich die die Fasern zusammenhaltenden Wasserstoffbrücken auf, ohne daß die Fasern in der Karde verkleben. Die auf diese Weise gewonnenen und zu einem Feinfaser-Band zusammengefaßten Fasern haben, wenn es sich um Flachsfasern handelt, eine der Baumwolle überraschend ähnliche Struktur, und sie können in der gleichen Weise wie Baumwollfasern weiterverarbeitet werden, etwa durch Verspinnen zu einem Garn.If the fiber bundles are in a standard climate, the moisture content is 9% by weight. In order to achieve a separation of the fiber essentially into elementary fibers in the subsequent carding according to the invention, a somewhat higher moisture content must be set, which is at least 10% by weight and which is limited by the processability on the card. Due to the increased moisture content, which is a maximum of 30% by weight, but preferably between 11% by weight and 17% by weight, even more preferably between 12% by weight and 14% by weight and in a very particularly preferred manner Embodiment is 13 wt .-%, the hydrogen bonds holding the fibers dissolve without the fibers sticking in the card. The fibers obtained in this way and combined into a fine fiber ribbon, if they are flax fibers, have a structure surprisingly similar to that of cotton, and they can be processed in the same way as cotton fibers, for example by spinning into a yarn.

Die Länge der aus dem Faserband herzustellenden Abschnitte wird im wesentlichen durch die Fähigkeit der verwendeten Karde bestimmt, lange Fasern verarbeiten zu können, da die Faserverluste um so geringer sind, je länger die Abschnitte gewählt werden. Die Länge liegt vorzugsweise zwischen 50 mm und 250 mm, insbesondere zwischen 65 mm und 120 mm.The length of the sections to be produced from the sliver is essentially determined by the ability of the card used to process long fibers, since the fiber losses the longer the sections are selected, the lower the number. The length is preferably between 50 mm and 250 mm, in particular between 65 mm and 120 mm.

Das Einstellen des Feuchtigkeitsgehaltes der Faserbündel für das Kardieren kann in besonders bevorzugter Weise dadurch erfolgen, daß man den Feuchtigkeitsgehalt des Faserbandes vor dem Zerteilen in kürzere Abschnitte entsprechend einstellt.The moisture content of the fiber bundles for carding can be adjusted in a particularly preferred manner by appropriately adjusting the moisture content of the fiber sliver before cutting into shorter sections.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ist es auch möglich, das Faserband nach der Reinigung durch eine chemische und/oder Kochbearbeitung zu färben, und es wird daher möglich, Faserbündel von Sklerenchym-Fasern, insbesondere Flachsfasern unterschiedlicher Färbung miteinander zu mischen, um auf diese Weise ein Feinfaser-Band zu erhalten, das durch die Fasern unterschiedlicher Färbung meliert ist.In the method according to the invention, it is also possible to dye the sliver after cleaning by chemical and / or cooking processing, and it is therefore possible to mix fiber bundles of sclerenchyma fibers, in particular flax fibers of different colors, in order in this way to form a fine fiber -Band obtained, which is mottled by the fibers of different colors.

Noch wesentlicher ist es jedoch, daß es das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ermöglicht, Sklerenchym-Fasern, insbesondere Flachsfasern mit andersartigen Fasern, etwa Wolle oder Baumwolle zu mischen. Dies war bisher nicht möglich, wenn man als Ergebnis eines solchen Mischvorganges und der Weiterverarbeitung ein gereinigtes Garn erhalten wollte. Die unterschiedlichen Fasern, Sklerenchym-Fasern, insbesondere Flachsfasern einerseits und insbesondere Wolle andererseits können nur durch sehr unterschiedliche Reinigungsverfahren gereinigt werden, deren Chemikalien jeweils schädlich. auf die andere Faserart einwirken. Flachsfasern ließen sich jedoch nur sehr unzureichend bisher in einem in Kurzfasern zerlegten Zustand reinigen da, wie vorstehend erwähnt, das aus Kurzfasern bestehende Werg durch einen Waschund Bleichvorgang in eine Masse aus stark verfilzten und zum Teil miteinander verdrehten bzw. verzwirnten Fasern umgewandelt wird, die sich nur sehr schlecht weiterverarbeiten lassen. Man hat daher bisher das Reinigen der Flachsfasern erst vorgenommen, wenn diese in Form eines Halbgarns oder Garns vorlagen.It is even more important, however, that the method according to the invention makes it possible to mix sclerenchym fibers, in particular flax fibers, with fibers of a different type, such as wool or cotton. This has not been possible until now if you wanted to obtain a cleaned yarn as a result of such a mixing process and further processing. The different fibers, sclerenchyma fibers, in particular flax fibers on the one hand and in particular wool on the other hand, can only be cleaned by very different cleaning processes, the chemicals of which are harmful in each case. act on the other type of fiber. However, flax fibers have so far only been inadequately cleaned in a state broken down into short fibers, since, as mentioned above, the tow consisting of short fibers is converted into a mass of heavily matted and partly twisted or twisted fibers by a washing and bleaching process can only be processed very poorly. So far, the cleaning of the flax fibers has only been carried out if they were in the form of a half-thread or yarn.

Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren werden jedoch Faserbündel gewonnen, die aus gereinigten Sklerenchym-Fasern, insbesondere Flachsfasern bestehen, so daß diese gereinigten und verspinnbaren Fasern mit ebenfalls gereinigten Woll- oder Baumwollfasern vermischt und durch Kardieren zu einem Feinfaser-Band zusammengefaßt und schließlich zu eine Mischgarn verarbeitet werden können. Dabei werden die Woll- oder Baumwollfasern üblicherweise trocken zugesetzt, da bei ihnen das Problem der Auflösung von Wasserstoffbindungen beim Kardieren nicht besteht.By the method according to the invention, however, fiber bundles are obtained which consist of cleaned sclerenchyma fibers, in particular flax fibers, so that these cleaned and spinnable fibers are mixed with also cleaned wool or cotton fibers and combined by carding to form a fine fiber band and finally processed into a mixed yarn can be. The wool or cotton fibers are usually added dry, since they do not have the problem of dissolving hydrogen bonds when carding.

Es sei erwähnt, daß die erfindungsgemäß gewonnenen Flachsfasern etwa die gleichen Abriebeigenschaften wie Kunststoffasern haben, die zur Zeit für die Herstellung von Mischgarnen aus Kunststoffasern und Wolle bzw. Baumwolle verwendet werden. Die erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Flachsfasern können daher einen Ersatz für die zur Zeit verwendeten Kunststoffasern bilden.It should be mentioned that the flax fibers obtained according to the invention have approximately the same abrasion properties as plastic fibers which are currently used for the production of mixed yarns from plastic fibers and wool or cotton. The flax fibers produced according to the invention can therefore replace the plastic fibers currently used.

Beispielexample

Es wurde handelsübliches Flachswerg (Bastfaserbündel) auf einer Mackie-Krempel parallelisiert und bis auf 5 % von den im Flachswerg vorhandenen Holzbestandteilen befreit. Das erhaltene endlose Faserband wurde in einer Breite von ca. 3 cm ausgelegt.Commercial flax tow (bast fiber bundle) was parallelized on a Mackie card and freed up to 5% of the wood components present in the flax tow. The endless sliver obtained was laid out in a width of about 3 cm.

Das erhaltene Faserband wurde in zwei Durchläufen mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 5 m/min durch eine kontinuierlich arbeitende Anlage der Construzione Machine Tessile, Schio, Italien, geführt, die eine Kardenbandablaufstation mit 16 Kardenbändern, eine Baueinheit aus Foulard (Chemikalientränkeinrichtung) und Zwischendämpfer, einen Ablagedämpfer, 4 Siebtrommelmaschinen (Lisseuse-Waschanlagen), einen Siebtrommeltrockner und eine Kardenbandablage aufweist. Im ersten Durchlauf erfolgte in der Baueinheit aus Foulard und Zwischendämpfer ein Tränken bei 60°C und einem Überdruck von 2 psi (= 13,7895 kPa) mit einer Waschlösung aus 35 ml/l NaOH 50 °Bé 6 g/l Cottoclarin OK (Netzmittel-Tensid) 3 g/l Securon 540 (Komplexbildner) 2 g/l Defindol EN (Entlüfter)
   [die verwendeten Mittel sind Produkte der Henkel KGaA, Düsseldorf]. The fiber sliver obtained was passed in two passes at a speed of 5 m / min through a continuously operating system of the Construzione Machine Tessile, Schio, Italy, which had a card sliver unwind station with 16 card slivers, a unit made of foulard (chemical soaking device) and intermediate steamers, a storage damper , 4 sieve drum machines (Lisseuse washing systems), a sieve drum dryer and a card sliver storage. In the first run, the foulard and intermediate damper were impregnated with a washing solution at 60 ° C and an overpressure of 2 psi (= 13.7895 kPa) 35 ml / l NaOH 50 ° Bé 6 g / l Cottoclarin OK (wetting agent surfactant) 3 g / l Securon 540 (complexing agent) 2 g / l Defindol EN (deaerator)
[the funds used are products of Henkel KGaA, Düsseldorf].

Der Durchlauf fand mit der Geschwindigkeitseinstellung PIV, Stellung "C 2" statt, und die Flottenaufnahme betrug 72 %.The run took place with the speed setting PIV, position "C 2", and the liquor uptake was 72%.

Danach wurde das behandelte Faserband im Ablagedämpfer für 30 Minuten mit Sattdampf von 102°C behandelt. Das Trocknen fand bei 140°C bis 150°C statt.The treated sliver was then treated in the steamer with saturated steam at 102 ° C. for 30 minutes. Drying took place at 140 ° C to 150 ° C.

Das so behandelte Faserband wurde zum Bleichen durch die gleiche Anlage geführt, wobei in der Baueinheit aus Foulard und Zwischendämpfer bei 20°C und einem Überdruck von 2 psi (= 13,7895 kPa) eine Behandlung mit einem Imprägniermittel aus 0,15 g/l Magnesiumsulfat 8 ml/l Wasserglas 38 °Bé 5 ml/l Natronlauge 50 °Bé 6 g/l Cottoclarin OK 2 g/l Securon 540 2 g/l Belsoft 200 (Weichmacher) 60 ml/l Wasserstoffperoxid 35 % stattfand. Die Geschwindigkeitseinstellung war die gleiche wie bei dem vorstehenden Waschvorgang, und die Flottenaufnahme betrug 71 %. Die Behandlung im Ablagedämpfer erfolgte mit den gleichen Bedingungen wie beim Waschvorgang. Danach wurde das Faserband bei 140°C bis 150°C und einer Geschwindigkeit von 5 m/min bis auf eine Restfeuchte von ca. 10 % getrocknet. Das so erhaltene Faserband bzw. die so erhaltenen Faserbänder wurden auf einer Stapelfaserschneidemaschine Typ NMC 290 der Neumag Neumünstersche Maschinen- und Anlagenbau GmbH, Neumünster, zu Abschnitten mit einer Länge 77 mm zerschnitten.The sliver treated in this way was passed through the same system for bleaching, the treatment unit comprising an impregnating agent being used in the padder and intermediate steamer at 20 ° C. and an overpressure of 2 psi (= 13.7895 kPa) 0.15 g / l Magnesium sulfate 8 ml / l Water glass 38 ° Bé 5 ml / l Sodium hydroxide solution 50 ° Bé 6 g / l Cottoclarin OK 2 g / l Securon 540 2 g / l Belsoft 200 (plasticizer) 60 ml / l Hydrogen peroxide 35% took place. The speed setting was the same as that of the above wash and the liquor pickup was 71%. The treatment in the steamer was carried out under the same conditions as for the washing process. The fiber sliver was then dried at 140 ° C. to 150 ° C. and a speed of 5 m / min to a residual moisture of approx. 10%. The fiber sliver obtained in this way or the fiber slivers obtained in this way were on a staple fiber cutting machine type NMC 290 from Neumag Neumünstersche Maschinen- und Anlagenbau GmbH, Neumünster, cut into sections with a length of 77 mm.

Die Abschnitte von 77 mm Länge wurden zur Weiterverarbeitung durch eine halbflexiblen Besatz aufweisende Karde der Trützschler GmbH & Co. KG, Mönchengladbach, geführt. Vor dem Kardiervorgang wurde zur Verbesserung der Faser-Faser-Haftung im Sprühverfahren eine Avivage mit 1 % Schmelze KB 109/2 und 1 % Haftvermittler Silkol HV 86 der Henkel KGaA, Düsseldorf, aufgetragen, und beim Kardieren wurde eine Restfeuchte zwischen 10 % und 13 % eingehalten.The sections of 77 mm in length were passed for further processing through a card of Trützschler GmbH & Co. KG, Mönchengladbach, which had a semi-flexible trim. Before the carding process, a finishing agent with 1% melt KB 109/2 and 1% adhesion promoter Silkol HV 86 from Henkel KGaA, Düsseldorf, was applied in order to improve the fiber-fiber adhesion, and a residual moisture between 10% and 13 was applied during carding % complied with.

Die so erhaltenen Fasern hatten in ihren Abmessungen eine weitgehende Übereinstimmung mit den Abmessungen von Baumwollfasern. Die erhaltenen Anteile an Faserlängen bei 10 gezogenen Proben sind im Faserdiagramm gemäß Figur 1 gezeigt, in dem auf der Ordinate der Anteil an Fasern aufgetragen ist, der mindestens die auf der Abszisse angegebene Länge hat, also gleich der angegebenen Länge oder länger ist. Wie ohne weiteres zu erkennen ist, stimmt diese Faserlängenverteilung im wesentlichen mit einer Faserlängenverteilung von Baumwolle überein, wie sie in dem Faserdiagramm gemäß Figur 2 dargestellt ist. Die Faserdicke der erhaltenen Flachsfasern war, wie eine mikroskopische Untersuchung zeigte, in der gleichen Größenordnung wie die Faserdicke der Baumwollfasern.The dimensions of the fibers thus obtained largely corresponded to the dimensions of cotton fibers. The proportions of fiber lengths obtained with 10 drawn samples are shown in the fiber diagram according to FIG. 1, in which the ordinate shows the proportion of fibers which has at least the length indicated on the abscissa, that is to say equal to the specified length or longer. As can easily be seen, this fiber length distribution essentially corresponds to a fiber length distribution of cotton, as shown in the fiber diagram according to FIG. 2. A microscopic examination showed that the fiber thickness of the flax fibers obtained was of the same order of magnitude as the fiber thickness of the cotton fibers.

Claims (15)

  1. A method of processing sclerenchymatous fibres, especially flax, by mechanical treatment to form a fibre sliver and orienting the fibres to be essentially parallel to one another, characterized in that
    - the fibres in the fibre sliver are freed from wood constituents, fats, pectins and other impurities by subjecting the fibre sliver to a chemical and/or boiling treatment,
    - the treated fibre sliver is dried,
    - the fibre sliver is subdivided into shorter sections,
    - the sections are at least partially pulled to form fibre bundles, and
    - the fibre bundles are carded at a set moisture content of at least 10 % by weight and combined to form a fine-fibre sliver.
  2. A method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the fibre sliver is cut into shorter sections.
  3. A method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the fibre sliver is stretch-broken into shorter sections.
  4. A method according to any of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that sections are produced with a length between 50 mm and 250 mm.
  5. A method according to Claim 4, characterized in that sections are produced with a length between 65 mm and 120 mm.
  6. A method according to any of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the moisture content is set by treating the fibre sliver before the subdividing.
  7. A method according to any of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the maximum moisture content is 30 % by weight.
  8. A method according to any of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the moisture content is set to 11 % by weight to 17 % by weight.
  9. A method according to Claim 8, characterized in that the moisture content is set to 12 % by weight to 14 % by weight.
  10. A method according to any one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the treated fibre sliver is dyed.
  11. A method according to any one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the fibre bundles are mixed with fibre bundles of the same material but different colouring before the carding.
  12. A method according to any of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the fibre bundles are mixed with fibres of another material before the carding.
  13. A method according to Claim 12, characterized in that wool or cotton fibres are used as fibres of another material.
  14. A method according to Claim 13, characterized in that the wool or cotton fibres are processed dry.
  15. A method according to any one of Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the fine-fibre sliver is spun into a yarn.
EP94919650A 1993-06-30 1994-06-21 Process for treating sclerenchyma fibres, in particular flax Expired - Lifetime EP0706585B1 (en)

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DE4322399 1993-06-30
DE4322399 1993-06-30
PCT/EP1994/002022 WO1995001468A1 (en) 1993-06-30 1994-06-21 Process for treating sclerenchyma fibres, in particular flax

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EP0706585B1 true EP0706585B1 (en) 1997-08-27

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DE19831108C1 (en) * 1998-07-11 1999-07-29 Klaus Dipl Ing Schuerer Wet treatment and drying of sclerenchyma fibers especially flax
DE19854324B4 (en) * 1998-09-09 2005-01-20 Herres-Costard, Cornelia Process for the biological recovery of cellulose fiber material from calcium pectinate-containing, vegetable substrate
DE102009043908A1 (en) 2009-08-31 2011-03-03 Stoffkontor Kranz Ag Obtaining spinnable nettle fibers from stinging nettles, comprises decorticating stinging nettle straw and obtaining a nettle wool, moistening the nettle wool with water, washing the nettle wool after a retention period and then dewatering
DE102022003958A1 (en) 2022-10-24 2024-04-25 Hochschule Zittau/Görlitz Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts Method for parameter-controlled microbial digestion of bast fibres

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FR2734846B1 (en) * 1995-05-31 1997-08-22 Teillage Du Neubourg Soc Coop FLAX LINED FIBERS AND METHOD OF PREPARATION
DE19546153A1 (en) * 1995-11-29 1997-06-05 Windi Winderlich Gmbh Process for wet spinning sclerenchyma fibers, especially flax
DK172928B1 (en) * 1998-05-01 1999-10-04 Landbrugets Radgvningcenter Process for making single fiber mats, fiber mats and using such a fiber mat.
DE19824646C2 (en) * 1998-05-22 2000-08-17 Herbert Costard Process for processing sclerenchyma fibers, especially flax
DE19830011A1 (en) * 1998-06-25 1999-12-30 Hanf Faser Fabrik Uckermark Gm Treatment of bast fiber tow, especially hemp, prior to carding
EP1510539A1 (en) * 2003-08-27 2005-03-02 ContiTech Holding GmbH Process for producing composites of elastomers and having embedded therein polymer textiles or films
US8635844B1 (en) 2011-03-29 2014-01-28 Hbi Branded Apparel Enterprises, Llc Method for harvesting bast plants
US8475628B1 (en) 2011-03-29 2013-07-02 Hbi Branded Apparel Enterprises, Llc Process and apparatus for orienting bast stalks for decortication
DE102017011741A1 (en) 2017-12-19 2019-06-19 Hanffaser Uckermark eG Process for an enzymatic-surfactant fiber pulping of bast strips

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19831108C1 (en) * 1998-07-11 1999-07-29 Klaus Dipl Ing Schuerer Wet treatment and drying of sclerenchyma fibers especially flax
DE19854324B4 (en) * 1998-09-09 2005-01-20 Herres-Costard, Cornelia Process for the biological recovery of cellulose fiber material from calcium pectinate-containing, vegetable substrate
DE102009043908A1 (en) 2009-08-31 2011-03-03 Stoffkontor Kranz Ag Obtaining spinnable nettle fibers from stinging nettles, comprises decorticating stinging nettle straw and obtaining a nettle wool, moistening the nettle wool with water, washing the nettle wool after a retention period and then dewatering
DE102022003958A1 (en) 2022-10-24 2024-04-25 Hochschule Zittau/Görlitz Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts Method for parameter-controlled microbial digestion of bast fibres
WO2024089004A1 (en) 2022-10-24 2024-05-02 Hochschule Zittau/Görlitz Method and device for treating a vegetable raw material

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ES2106549T3 (en) 1997-11-01
EP0706585A1 (en) 1996-04-17
PL312328A1 (en) 1996-04-15
WO1995001468A1 (en) 1995-01-12
DE59403884D1 (en) 1997-10-02
PL174372B1 (en) 1998-07-31
US5666696A (en) 1997-09-16
CZ343595A3 (en) 1996-03-13
CZ284721B6 (en) 1999-02-17

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