EP0705941B1 - Two piezometers pressuremeter - Google Patents

Two piezometers pressuremeter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0705941B1
EP0705941B1 EP94400638A EP94400638A EP0705941B1 EP 0705941 B1 EP0705941 B1 EP 0705941B1 EP 94400638 A EP94400638 A EP 94400638A EP 94400638 A EP94400638 A EP 94400638A EP 0705941 B1 EP0705941 B1 EP 0705941B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
tube
pressure
membrane
piezometer
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EP94400638A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0705941A1 (en
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Khalil Fahmy Iskander
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Priority to FR9211210A priority Critical patent/FR2696003B1/en
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Priority to DE1994624787 priority patent/DE69424787T2/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/008—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells by injection test; by analysing pressure variations in an injection or production test, e.g. for estimating the skin factor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
    • E02D1/02—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work
    • E02D1/022—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work by investigating mechanical properties of the soil
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
    • E02D1/02—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work
    • E02D1/027—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work by investigating properties relating to fluids in the soil, e.g. pore-water pressure, permeability
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/006—Measuring wall stresses in the borehole

Definitions

  • This device has the same advantages and the same defects as the one described (2.1) but the rework in this case is the result of repression.
  • the device consists of a single cell probe preceded by a thin-walled corer carrying the membrane cell of measured.
  • the English device additionally includes a pressure sensor interstitial in the middle of the membrane cell, this membrane cell is fitted with springs with gauges deformations.
  • the device object of the invention can be in two categories based on the method of implementing the probe.
  • Type I Piezoinclined diaphragm diaphragm device
  • Type II Membrane apparatus for piezo-inclined drilling
  • the porous stone of the piezometer (5) is fitted by a cylinder (10) which serves to prevent clogging during penetration of the system and to avoid the re-entry of small grains of soil in the piston oil chamber (13) (8).
  • the space (20) allows the establishment of links (14).
  • the pressurized fluid flowing in the pipeline (2) prevents displacement of the cylinder (10) relative to the porous piezometer stone (5).
  • the pressurized fluid flowing in the pipeline (2) prevents displacement of the cylinder (10) relative to the porous piezometer stone (5).
  • the piezometer (5) approaches level (6), it emerges from cylinder (10) which remains in place by the effect of the link (14).
  • the maneuvering tube (12) containing the piezometer (5) continues to run up to level (6).
  • the fluid in the pipe (2) is evacuated through the porous stone of the piezometer (5).
  • the operating tube (12) of the piston (8) fits into the cylinder (10) and drives it in its movement.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)

Description

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Différents essais in-situ sont utilisés pour étudier les caractéristiques de mécanique du sol, ainsi que la capacité portante et le tassement du sol dont :

  • 1. essai de pénétration statique
  • 2. essai pressiométrique
    • Various in-situ tests are used to study the mechanical characteristics of the soil, as well as the bearing capacity and compaction of the soil, including:
  • 1. static penetration test
  • 2. pressuremeter test

    • 1. ESSAI DE PÉNÉTRATION STATIQUE1. STATIC PENETRATION TEST

    Ce type d'experience consiste à utiliser un tube vertical, dont l'extremité contient un capteur de force et un autre de la pression interstitielle.
       La méthode de mise en oeuvre s'effectue de la manière suivante:

    • Faire pénétrer le tube vertical dans le sol avec une vitesse connue.
    • Au cours de la pénétration et à chaque 20 cms de profondeur, on enregistre la mesure de résistance du sol contre la pénétration du tube et ainsi, la mesure de la pression interstitielle.
    This type of experiment consists in using a vertical tube, the end of which contains a force sensor and another of the pore pressure.
    The implementation method is carried out as follows:
    • Make the vertical tube penetrate the ground with a known speed.
    • During penetration and at every 20 cm depth, the measure of resistance of the soil against the penetration of the tube is recorded and thus, the measurement of pore pressure.

    Alors dans ce type d'experiènce, touts les mesures sont en fonction de la pénétration, et la vitesse de pénétration est un facteur de la méthode de mise en oeuvre.So in this type of experience, all the measures are in function of penetration, and the speed of penetration is a factor of the method of implementation.

    L'inconvénient de ce type d'experiènce est qu'il :

  • 1 apparait le problème de colmatage qui empeche de mesurer la pression interstitielle.
  • 2 il s'est avéré que :
  • a. toute modification de la vitesse de pénétration provoque un effet important sur la valeur de la pression interstitielle.
  • b. si on fait des essais avec deux appareils differents de meme type dans le meme endroit du meme site. Alors, les mesures obtenues sont différentes les unes des autres.
    • The disadvantage of this type of experience is that it:
  • 1 appears the clogging problem which prevents measuring the pore pressure.
  • 2 it turned out that:
  • at. any change in the penetration speed has a significant effect on the value of pore pressure.
  • b. if we test with two different devices of the same type in the same place on the same site. So the measurements obtained are different from each other.

    • En conséquence, la mesure de la pression interstitielle au cours des experiènces de pénétration manque de précision et se heurte au problème du colmatage.
    Or, on ne peut pas admettre des mesures de la pression interstitielle en fonction de la résistance du sol au cours de pénétration pour déterminer la capacité portante et le tassement du sol.     Consequently, the measurement of the pore pressure during penetration experiments lacks precision and comes up against the problem of clogging.
    However, it is not possible to accept measurements of the pore pressure as a function of the resistance of the soil during penetration to determine the bearing capacity and the compaction of the soil.

    2. ESSAI PRESSIOMÉTRIQUE2. PRESSIOMETRIC TEST

    Il existe trois catégories de pressiomètre reposant sur leur methode de mise en oeuvre:

  • 2.1 pressiomètre avec forage préalable (PFP)
  • 2.2 pressiomètre à enfoncé (PMF)
  • 2.3 pressiomètre auto-foreur (PAF)
    • There are three categories of pressuremeter based on their method of implementation:
  • 2.1 pressuremeter with pre-drilling (PFP)
  • 2.2 depressed pressuremeter (PMF)
  • 2.3 self-drilling pressure gauge (PAF)

    • 2.1 pressiometre avec forage préalable (PFP)2.1 pressuremeter with prior drilling (PFP)

    C'est une sonde à trois cellules installé dans une cavité. La sonde est alimenteé par un liquide sous pression. L'augmentation de la pression de ce liquide fait gonfler la sonde. Pour chaque mètre de profondeur, on détermine la capacité portante et le tassement du sol par la relation entre les mesures de changement de la pression antérieur et le changement du volume de la cellule centrale de mesure.It is a three cell probe installed in a cavity. The probe is supplied by a pressurized liquid. The increase the pressure of this liquid causes the probe to swell. For each meter deep, we determine the capacity load bearing and soil compaction by the relationship between previous pressure change measurements and the change in the volume of the central measuring cell.

    L'inconvénient de ce type d'appareils :

  • a) L'inexistance des mesures de la pression interstitielle,
  • b) La détermination de la capacité portante et le tassement dépendent des expériences et des déductions,
  • c) Ce genre d'essai nécissite un temps assez long sur le site.
    • The disadvantage of this type of device:
  • a) The non-existence of the pore pressure measurements,
  • b) The determination of the bearing capacity and the compaction depend on experiences and deductions,
  • c) This kind of test requires a fairly long time on the site.

    • 2.2 PRESSIOMÈTRE A ENFONCÉ (PMF) 2.2 PRESSURE GAUGE PRESSED (P MF)

    Pénétration dans le sol par l'intermédiaire de tube vertical terminé par une sonde mono-cellulaire à membrane alimentée par un liquide sous pression.Penetration into the soil via vertical tube terminated by a single cell membrane fed probe by a pressurized liquid.

    Pour chaque mètre de profondeur on arrète la pénétration du système pour déterminer la capacité portante et le tassement suivis des mêmes étappes de la précendente procédure.For each meter of depth, the penetration of the system for determining bearing capacity and settlement followed by the same steps of the above procedure.

    Cet appareils a les mêmes avantages et les mêmes défauts que celui décrits (2.1) mais le remaniement dans ce cas est le résultat du refoulement.This device has the same advantages and the same defects as the one described (2.1) but the rework in this case is the result of repression.

    2.3 PRESSIOMÈTRE AUTO-FOREUR (PAF)2.3 SELF-DRILLING PRESSIOMETER (PAF)

    L'appareil consiste d'une sonde mono-cellulaire précédé d'une carottier à paroi mince portant la cellule à membrane de mesure. The device consists of a single cell probe preceded by a thin-walled corer carrying the membrane cell of measured.

    Il existe deux genres d'appareils :

    • l'appareil français:
      pressiomètre auto-foreur (PAF) du LCPC avec sa membrane soutenue par un liquide.
    • l'appareil anglais:
      pressiomètre auto-foreur de Cambridge.
    There are two kinds of devices:
    • the French apparatus:
      LCPC self-drilling pressiometer (PAF) with its membrane supported by a liquid.
    • the English apparatus:
      Cambridge self-drilling pressuremeter.

    Les deux appareils s'accordent sur le principe, mais l'appareil anglais comprend en plus un capteur de la pression interstitielle au milieu de la cellule à membrane, cette cellule à membrane est équipé de ressorts avec des jauges des déformations.The two devices agree in principle, but the English device additionally includes a pressure sensor interstitial in the middle of the membrane cell, this membrane cell is fitted with springs with gauges deformations.

    Ce deux genres d'appareils permet d'éliminer les inconvénients du remaniement du sol au contact de la sonde par le forage préalable ou par le refoulement à cuase de l'enfoncement.These two kinds of devices can eliminate disadvantages of reworking the soil on contact with the probe by pre-drilling or by tank discharge of the depression.

    L'inconvénient de ce type d'appareils :

  • a) Dans l'appareil anglais Le pressiomètre de Cambridge (PAF), étant donné que le capteur de la pression interstitielle est fixé dans la cellule de mesure, celui-ci mesure la pression interstitielle en fonction de la pression horizontale exercée par la sonde sur le sol dans l'anneau plastique constitué directement autour de la cavité; surtout dans le cas des sols cohérants et par rapport aux sols non-cohérants les liens entre les contraintes crées just autour la cavité et la consolidation du sol deviennent trop complex. Mais, pour déterminer la capacité portante et le tassement du sol, l'intérêt est de relever les mesures dans l'anneau élastique en son extérieur.
  • b) Mesurer les déformations d'une cavité s'exprime ni les déformations plastiques ni élastiques étant donné que l'anneau élastique empêche l'anneau plastique qu'il déforme librement plastique.
    • The disadvantage of this type of device:
  • a) In the English device The Cambridge pressuremeter (PAF), since the pore pressure sensor is fixed in the measuring cell, this measures the pore pressure as a function of the horizontal pressure exerted by the probe on the soil in the plastic ring formed directly around the cavity; especially in the case of coherent soils and compared to non-coherent soils the links between the stresses created just around the cavity and the consolidation of the soil become too complex. But, to determine the bearing capacity and the compaction of the soil, the interest is to take the measurements in the elastic ring outside.
  • b) Measuring the deformations of a cavity is expressed neither plastic nor elastic deformations since the elastic ring prevents the plastic ring that it freely deforms plastic.

    • Je souhaitrais affirmer que :
       Il est impossible de déterminer la capacité portante et le tassement du sol par l'unique mesure de la pression interstitielle. Mais, il faut mesurer des relations de chacun de changements de la pression interstitielle et la résistance du sol en fonction d'une charge exercée.
       Ainsi,le but de l'appareil objet de la présente invention est de construire et d'enregistrer les mesures des relations entre les trois parametres suivantes:

    • La pression du fluide alimentant la cellule à membrane.
    • Le volume de la cellule à membrane.
    • La pression interstitielle d'un élément, sa place est précis avec certaines conditions pour que le mesures s'accomodent avec la concept de la méthode scientifique concernant l'appareil objet de la présente invention. Ces conditions du placement du capteur de la pression interstitielle ( piézomètre ) sont :
    • a. au niveau des déformations maximales de la cellule à membrane.
    • b. au voisinage de la cellule à membrane et en deça d'une distance de 10 cms.
    C'est porquoi L'appareil l'objet de la présente invention comme définie dans la revendication 2 est constitué de deux parties principales, ne peut pas séparer l'un de l'autre. Les deux parties sont:
  • a. appareil à membrane: l'origine(la ressource) de la charge. La pression du fluide alimentant la cellule à membrane, exerce une pression horizontale sur la cavité du sol. Cette pression conduit a une expansion de la cavité resultant du gonflement de la cellule à membrane.
  • b. piézomètre (capteur de la pression interstitielle ): au voisinage de l'appareil à membrane dans un emplacement précis avec ses certaines conditions .
    •  I would like to say that:
    It is impossible to determine the bearing capacity and the compaction of the soil by the sole measurement of pore pressure. But, one must measure relationships of each of changes in pore pressure and soil resistance as a function of a load exerted.
    Thus, the aim of the apparatus which is the subject of the present invention is to construct and record the measurements of the relationships between the following three parameters:
    • The pressure of the fluid supplying the membrane cell.
    • The volume of the membrane cell.
    • The pore pressure of an element, its place is precise with certain conditions so that the measurements can be accommodated with the concept of the scientific method relating to the apparatus which is the subject of the present invention. These conditions for the placement of the pore pressure sensor (piezometer) are:
    • at. at the level of the maximum deformations of the membrane cell.
    • b. in the vicinity of the membrane cell and within a distance of 10 cms.
    This is why the apparatus, the object of the present invention as defined in claim 2, consists of two main parts, cannot separate from each other. The two parts are:
  • at. membrane device: the origin (resource) of the charge. The pressure of the fluid supplying the membrane cell exerts horizontal pressure on the soil cavity. This pressure leads to an expansion of the cavity resulting from the swelling of the membrane cell.
  • b. piezometer (pore pressure sensor): in the vicinity of the diaphragm device in a specific location with certain conditions.

    • Alors, si on compose l'invention d'un ensemble d'un des appareils à membrane en parallel avec un des piézomètres existants, et etant donné que, les piézomètres existants peuvent etre classés en deux catégories :

  • 1. piézomètre à enfoncé.
  • 2. piézomètre pour forage.
    • on se heurte à l'inconvenient qui suit :
  • 1. Etant donné que; la distance requise entre l'axe de l'appareil à membrane et celui du piezomètre, doit etre loin d'une courte distance. Alors, l'installation de deux appareils en parallel conduit à des remaniements trop élèvés, non-acceptable quel que soit la méthode d'installation de chacun des deux appareils:
  • a. dans le cas d'un ensemble, soit de deux appareils pour forage ou soit un appareil à enfoncé et l'autre pour forage; l'installation conduit à détruire la partie du sol entre les deux appareils.
  • b. dans le cas d'installation d'un ensemble de deux appareils à enfoncé en parallel il resulte un refoulement trop élèvé.
    •
  • 2. Les piézomètres qui sont actuellement utilisés ne sont pas adaptés à mesurer la pression interstitielle à chaque mètre de profondeur.
    • So, if we compose the invention of a set of one of the membrane devices in parallel with one of the existing piezometers, and given that, the existing piezometers can be classified into two categories:
  • 1. piezometer pressed.
  • 2. piezometer for drilling.
    • we come up against the following disadvantage:
  • 1. Given that; the distance required between the axis of the membrane apparatus and that of the piezometer must be far from a short distance. So, the installation of two devices in parallel leads to overly high modifications, not acceptable whatever the method of installation of each of the two devices:
  • at. in the case of a set, either of two apparatuses for drilling or either a recessed apparatus and the other for drilling; the installation leads to destroying the part of the ground between the two devices.
  • b. in the case of installation of a set of two devices pushed in parallel it results in too high a backflow.
  • 2. The piezometers which are currently used are not suitable for measuring the pore pressure at each meter of depth.

    • On confirme que l'essentiel dans la conception de la présente invention peut se résumer comme suit :

  • 1. Montage d'un capteur de la pression interstitielle (piézomètre) a l'extrémité de tube de manoeuvre d'un piston incliné directement juste au dessus d'une cellule à membrane (d'un appareil à membrane) qui exerce une pression horizontale sur la cavité du sol.
    Le but du piston incliné est d'amener le capteur de la pression interstitielle (piézomètre) au voisinage de la cellule à membrane pour que le piézomètre soit au niveau des déformations maximales de la cellule et sur une distance supérieure ou égale au maximum au rayon de l'anneau plastique crée autour de la cavité.
  • 2. L'introduction du piézomètre (capteur de la pression interstitielle ) s'effectue par pénétration au moyen du tube de manoeuvre du piston incliné; Pour éviter le problème du colmatage qui gene la mesure de la pression interstitielle -ce qui est le cas dans l'essai de pénétration - on procéde de la manière suivante:
  • 2.1 Maintenir en permanence le piézomètre dans un fourreau dans le tube d'intermédiaire de l'appareil, quel que soit la méthode de mise en place de l'appareil l'objet de la présente invention.
  • 2.2 Le piézomètre, au bout du tube de manoeuvre du piston incliné, est emboité dans un cylindre qui sert à éviter le colmatage pendant la pénétration du tube de manoeuvre du piston incliné. Lors du mouvement où le piézomètre s'approche du niveau de mesure, il se dégage du cylindre qui reste sur place tout en étant relié à celui-ci par des liens souples attachés a l'extrémité profonde de la chambre d'huile du piston incliné. Le tube de manoeuvre contenant le piézomètre continue sa course jusqu'au niveau des mesures .
  • 2.3 Le tube de manoeuvre du piston incliné contenant le piézomètre a son embout, contient un élément hydraulique assurant le decolmatage pendant sa pénétration .
    • It is confirmed that the essential in the design of the present invention can be summarized as follows:
  • 1. Installation of a pore pressure sensor (piezometer) at the end of the operating tube of an inclined piston directly just above a membrane cell (of a membrane device) which exerts horizontal pressure on the floor cavity.
    The purpose of the inclined piston is to bring the pore pressure sensor (piezometer) in the vicinity of the membrane cell so that the piezometer is at the level of the maximum deformations of the cell and over a distance greater than or equal to the maximum of the radius of the plastic ring created around the cavity.
  • 2. The introduction of the piezometer (pore pressure sensor) is effected by penetration by means of the operating tube of the inclined piston; To avoid the problem of clogging which hinders the measurement of the pore pressure - which is the case in the penetration test - we proceed as follows:
  • 2.1 Maintain the piezometer permanently in a sheath in the intermediate tube of the apparatus, whatever the method of positioning the apparatus which is the subject of the present invention.
  • 2.2 The piezometer, at the end of the operating tube of the inclined piston, is fitted into a cylinder which serves to prevent clogging during penetration of the operating tube of the inclined piston. During the movement where the piezometer approaches the measurement level, it emerges from the cylinder which remains in place while being connected to it by flexible links attached to the deep end of the oil chamber of the inclined piston . The maneuvering tube containing the piezometer continues its course up to the measurement level.
  • 2.3 The operating tube of the inclined piston containing the piezometer at its end, contains a hydraulic element ensuring the unclogging during its penetration.

    • A la suite des explications qui précédent, il est à signaler que:

    • Le piston incliné est une partie indivisible de l'appareil objet de la présente invention (appareil à membrane à piézo - incliné ) et son role est une partie de la méthode de mise en oeuvre .
         Le piston incliné est dimensioné sous le condition suivante :
         Le déplacement du piston incliné ( double track ) est suffisamment long pour permettre au tube de manoeuvre du piston incliné d'amener le piézomètre, qui est fixé à son extrémité, jusau'à l'endroit précis.
    • On n'enregistre jamais les mesures de la pression interstitielle au cours de la pénétration ni du tube de manoeuvre du piston incliné ni de l'appareil objet de la présente invention .
    Following the above explanations, it should be noted that:
    • The inclined piston is an indivisible part of the device which is the subject of the present invention (piezo diaphragm device - inclined) and its role is a part of the implementation method.
      The inclined piston is dimensioned under the following condition:
      The displacement of the inclined piston (double track) is long enough to allow the operating tube of the inclined piston to bring the piezometer, which is fixed at its end, to the precise location.
    • One never records the measurements of the pore pressure during the penetration neither of the maneuvering tube of the inclined piston nor of the apparatus object of the present invention.

    DESCRIPTION DE L'APPAREILDESCRIPTION OF THE DEVICE

    L'appareil objet de l'invention peut être en deux catégories reposant sur la méthode de mise en place de la sonde.The device object of the invention can be in two categories based on the method of implementing the probe.

    Type I : Appareil à membrane à enfoncer à piézoinclinéType I: Piezoinclined diaphragm diaphragm device

  • La sonde (l'ensemble de l'appareil à membrane et du piézomètre) est enfoncée dans le sol par l'intermédiaire d'une tige verticale d'un diamètre d'au moins 4.0 cm. Toutes les canalisations qui alimentent la sonde, passent dans la tige verticale et dans le corps du piston incliné dehors de sa chambre d'huile.The probe (the entire membrane device and piezometer) is driven into the ground by through a vertical rod with a diameter at least 4.0 cm. All the pipes which feed the probe, pass through the rod vertical and in the inclined piston body outside his oil chamber.

    • Type II :Appareil à membrane pour forage à piézoinclinéType II: Membrane apparatus for piezo-inclined drilling

  • Soit par forage (d'un diamètre d'au moins 6.00cm) préalable ou soit par autoforeur, car toutes les canalisations qui alimentent la sonde passent dans la cavité et autour du piston incliné.Either by drilling (with a diameter of at least 6.00cm) prior or either by self-drilling, because all pipes that supply the probe pass through the cavity and around the inclined piston.
  • Le tube de manoeuvre du piston incliné est en forme téléscopique.The inclined piston operating tube is in telescopic shape.

    • Détails explicatifs des dessins de l'appareil objet de la présente invention de type I : de page 1/4 à 4/4

  • fig 1 : montre l'assemblage global du système de l'appareil de l'invention du type I pour l'étude de mécanique des sols.
    (7)
    : cellule à membrane.
    (18)
    : L'appareil objet de la présente invention à enfoncer de type I (appareil à membrane à enfoncé à piézo-incliné)
    (6)
    : Niveau de mesure . Ce niveau de mesure se répète tous les mètres par rapport à la surface du sol.
    (5)
    : Le piézomètre (pierre poreuse contient le capteur de la pression interstitielle)
    (8)
    : Piston à l'extrémité de son tube de manoeuvre (12) est le piézomètre (5)
    (15)
    : Ordinateur raccordé au piézomètre (5) pour enregistrer la pression interstitielle au niveau (6) au voisinage de la cellule à membrane (7) .
    • Explanatory details of the drawings of the device object of the present invention of type I: from page 1/4 to 4/4
  • fig 1: shows the overall assembly of the system of the apparatus of the invention of type I for the study of soil mechanics.
    (7)
    : membrane cell.
    (18)
    : The device which is the subject of the present invention for type I driving (piezo-tilted driving membrane device)
    (6)
    : Measurement level. This level of measurement is repeated every meter from the ground surface.
    (5)
    : The piezometer (porous stone contains the pore pressure sensor)
    (8)
    : Piston at the end of its operating tube (12) is the piezometer (5)
    (15)
    : Computer connected to the piezometer (5) to record the pore pressure at level (6) in the vicinity of the membrane cell (7).

    • Coupe verticale suivant S-S, montre:

    • l'emplacement des coupes suivant A-A, B-B, C-C et D-D, voir page page 3 / 4
    • l'emplacement du détail (F), voir page 4/4
      (8)
      : piston incliné par rapport à l'axe vertical du système
    • canalisations (1), (3) :
    • ressources de pression pour faire sortir et rentrer du tube de manoeuvre (12) du piston (8).
      •
    • canalisation (2) :
    • comprend deux voies :
      • une pour raccorder le capteur dans le piézomètre (5) à l'ordinateur (15) (fig (1)).
      • l'autre voie pour fournir du fluide sous pression qui nettoie la pierre poreuse du piézomètre (5)
      • (20)
      : espace autour du piézomètre (5)
      (13)
      : la chambre d'huile du piston (8)
      (12)
      : le tube de manoeuvre du piston (8) qui glisse autour d'un tube fixe (17).
    Vertical section following SS, shows:
    • the location of the cuts according to AA, BB, CC and DD, see page page 3/4
    • the location of the detail (F), see page 4/4
      (8)
      : piston inclined to the vertical axis of the system
    • lines (1), (3):
    • pressure resources for removing and returning from the operating tube (12) of the piston (8).
    • pipeline (2):
    • includes two ways:
      • one to connect the sensor in the piezometer (5) to the computer (15) (fig (1)).
      • the other way to supply pressurized fluid which cleans the porous stone of the piezometer (5)
      • (20)
      : space around the piezometer (5)
      (13)
      : the piston oil chamber (8)
      (12)
      : the piston operating tube (8) which slides around a fixed tube (17).

    page 3/4 : coupe suivant A-A , B-B, C-C, D-D.

  • detail (F) : detail au bout du tube de manoeuvre (12) du piston (8) et le systéme de la protection du piézomètre (5) ( pierre poreuse et le capteur ) du colmatage pendant la pénétration dans le sol
    (16)
    : piéces d'etanchéietés.
    (10)
    : cylindre qui emboite la pierre poreuse du piézomètre(5).
    (14)
    : lien qui relie le cylindre (10) au systéme et est en longueur de 5 cm moins long que la longueur du tube de manoeuvre (12) du piston (8).
    • page 3/4: section along AA, BB, CC, DD.
  • detail (F): detail at the end of the operating tube (12) of the piston (8) and the piezometer protection system (5) (porous stone and the sensor) from clogging during penetration into the ground
    (16)
    : sealing parts.
    (10)
    : cylinder which fits the porous stone of the piezometer (5).
    (14)
    : link which connects the cylinder (10) to the system and is 5 cm shorter in length than the length of the operating tube (12) of the piston (8).

    • L'appareil objet de l'invention de type (I), ( appareil à membrane à enfoncé à piézo - incliné ), contient quatre canalisations numérotées de (1) à (4) :

    (1)
    : Dans la canalisation (1) l'huile sous pression fait sotir le tube (12) de manoeuvre du piston (8) de sa place à une distance suffisante pour arriver au niveau (6); niveau de déformation maximale de la sonde pressiométrique (7).
    (2)
    : La canalisation (2) comprend deux voies :
    • L'une pour contient un cable électrique qui joint le capteur du piézomètre (5) à un ordinateur (15) de l'enregistrement de la pression interstitielle.
    • Dans l'autre voie passe un fluide sous pression qui assure le nettoyage de la pierre poreuse du piézomètre (5).
    (3)
    : La canalisation (3) contient l'huile sous pression permettant la retour du tube de manoeuvre (12) du piston (8) à sa position initiale.
    (4)
    : La canalisation (4) alimente la sonde pressiométrique (7) par ses ressources des chargements ( fluide sous pression ).
    The device which is the subject of the invention of type (I), (diaphragm device with piezo-tilted diaphragm), contains four pipes numbered from (1) to (4):
    (1)
    : In the pipeline (1) the pressurized oil causes the piston operating tube (12) to come out of its place at a sufficient distance to reach the level (6); maximum deformation level of the pressuremeter probe (7).
    (2)
    : The pipeline (2) has two channels:
    • One for contains an electric cable which joins the piezometer sensor (5) to a computer (15) for recording the pore pressure.
    • In the other way passes a pressurized fluid which cleans the porous stone of the piezometer (5).
    (3)
    : The line (3) contains the pressurized oil allowing the return of the operating tube (12) of the piston (8) to its initial position.
    (4)
    : The pipe (4) supplies the pressuremeter probe (7) with its loading resources (fluid under pressure).

    La pierre poreuse du piézomètre (5) est emboitée par un cylindre (10) qui sert à éviter le colmatage pendant la pénétration du système ainsi qu'à éviter la rentrée des petits grains du sol dans la chambre (13) d'huile du piston (8).The porous stone of the piezometer (5) is fitted by a cylinder (10) which serves to prevent clogging during penetration of the system and to avoid the re-entry of small grains of soil in the piston oil chamber (13) (8).

    L'espace (20) permet la mise en place des liens (14).The space (20) allows the establishment of links (14).

    Le fluide sous pression circulant dans la canalisation (2) évite le déplacement du cylindre (10) par rapport à la pierre poreuse du piézomètre (5). Lors du mouvement ou le piézomètre (5) s'approche du niveau (6), elle se dégage du cylindre (10) qui reste sur place par l'effet du lien (14).The pressurized fluid flowing in the pipeline (2) prevents displacement of the cylinder (10) relative to the porous piezometer stone (5). During the movement or the piezometer (5) approaches level (6), it emerges from cylinder (10) which remains in place by the effect of the link (14).

    Le tube de manoeuvre (12) contenant le piézomètre (5) continue sa course jusqu'au niveau (6). Le fluide dans la canalisation (2) s'évacue à travérs la pierre poreuse du piézomètre (5).
    Dans son mouvement de retour à sa position initiale, le tube de manoeuvre (12) du piston (8) s'emboite dans le cylindre (10) et l'entraine dans son mouvement.    The maneuvering tube (12) containing the piezometer (5) continues to run up to level (6). The fluid in the pipe (2) is evacuated through the porous stone of the piezometer (5).
    In its movement back to its initial position, the operating tube (12) of the piston (8) fits into the cylinder (10) and drives it in its movement.

    Claims (5)

    1. A system of measuring the soil mechanical characteristics copmrises pushing or drilling vertically a cellular membrane in which one introduces a liquid under pressure so as to measure the cellular membrane volume increase as a function of the applied pressure; characterized in that said system comprising the introduction in the soil from the part just above the membrane cell and following an inclined direction, a pressure sensor be directed to the position of the maximum deformation level of the membrane cell so that, one measures the pressure changes in the sensor at level (6) as a function of the applied pressure in the membrane cell (7) in a way to measure the soil pore water pressure in the vicinity of the membrane cell (7).
    2. A system to measure the mechanical characteristics of the soil as defined in claim 1 of the type with a vertical tube the intermediate which is provided with a cellular membrane (7), characterized in that said system comprises a sheath equipped by an inclined piston (8) relative to the intermediate vertical tube axe. At the edge of the manoeuvre pivot tube of piston (8), a piezometer (5) is provided with a pore water pressure sensor and a hydraulic element to avoid getting plugged up.
    3. A system as defined in claim 2 characterized in that said system comprises the cellular membrane (7) being supplied by pressure through intermediate tube that comprises also three pipelines; pipelines (1,3) under pressure distinated to make the piston (8) manoeuvre tube (12) go out and return back, the pipeline (2) is double track, one to attatch the pore pressure sensor to a recording computer (15) and the other is to supply with fluid under pressure to assure that piezometer (5) is not getting plugged up.
    4. A system as defined in claims 2 or 3 characterized in that said system comprises, pipeline (2) is surrounded by a fixed tube (17) to protect it from the influence of the pressure in the oil chamber (13) of the inclined piston (8).
    5. A system as defined in any of the claims 2 until 4 characterized in that said system comprises, the piezometer (5) that is provided by a protection cylinder (10) and is retained by bonds (14).
    EP94400638A 1992-09-21 1994-03-24 Two piezometers pressuremeter Expired - Lifetime EP0705941B1 (en)

    Priority Applications (3)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    FR9211210A FR2696003B1 (en) 1992-09-21 1992-09-21 Method and device for measuring mechanical characteristics of the soil.
    DE1994624787 DE69424787T2 (en) 1994-03-24 1994-03-24 Pressiometer with two piezometers
    EP94400638A EP0705941B1 (en) 1992-09-21 1994-03-24 Two piezometers pressuremeter

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    FR9211210A FR2696003B1 (en) 1992-09-21 1992-09-21 Method and device for measuring mechanical characteristics of the soil.
    EP94400638A EP0705941B1 (en) 1992-09-21 1994-03-24 Two piezometers pressuremeter

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0705941A1 EP0705941A1 (en) 1996-04-10
    EP0705941B1 true EP0705941B1 (en) 2000-05-31

    Family

    ID=26137482

    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP94400638A Expired - Lifetime EP0705941B1 (en) 1992-09-21 1994-03-24 Two piezometers pressuremeter

    Country Status (2)

    Country Link
    EP (1) EP0705941B1 (en)
    FR (1) FR2696003B1 (en)

    Families Citing this family (4)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    GB2375398A (en) * 2001-05-11 2002-11-13 Local Link Internat Ltd Piezometric pressure sensor
    WO2003029614A2 (en) * 2001-09-28 2003-04-10 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Tool and method for measuring properties of an earth formation surrounding a borehole
    BE1019322A3 (en) 2010-04-30 2012-06-05 Iskander Khalil Fahmy METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL.
    CN114295810B (en) * 2021-12-31 2024-01-12 深圳大学 Device and method for measuring outdoor soil water storage capacity

    Family Cites Families (5)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    US2303727A (en) * 1941-06-10 1942-12-01 Leslie A Douglas Means for testing underground strata for the fluid content thereof
    NL7301924A (en) * 1973-02-09 1974-08-13
    US3858441A (en) * 1973-07-12 1975-01-07 Henri Jules Comeau Soil testing apparatus
    US4408481A (en) * 1982-03-12 1983-10-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Pore pressure probe assembly and two-stage emplacement thereof
    FR2631654B1 (en) * 1988-05-19 1990-08-24 Rech Geolog Miniere METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MEASURING INTERSTITIAL PRESSURE IN SATURATED SOIL

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    FR2696003A1 (en) 1994-03-25
    EP0705941A1 (en) 1996-04-10
    FR2696003B1 (en) 1995-03-03

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