EP0705217B1 - Drive system for a curved escalator - Google Patents

Drive system for a curved escalator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0705217B1
EP0705217B1 EP94928861A EP94928861A EP0705217B1 EP 0705217 B1 EP0705217 B1 EP 0705217B1 EP 94928861 A EP94928861 A EP 94928861A EP 94928861 A EP94928861 A EP 94928861A EP 0705217 B1 EP0705217 B1 EP 0705217B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drive system
rollers
chains
chain
chain wheels
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EP94928861A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0705217A1 (en
Inventor
Erik Brunn
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O & K Rolltreppen GmbH
O&K Rolltreppen GmbH and Co KG
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O & K Rolltreppen GmbH
O&K Rolltreppen GmbH and Co KG
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Priority claimed from DE4336320A external-priority patent/DE4336320C1/en
Application filed by O & K Rolltreppen GmbH, O&K Rolltreppen GmbH and Co KG filed Critical O & K Rolltreppen GmbH
Publication of EP0705217A1 publication Critical patent/EP0705217A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B23/00—Component parts of escalators or moving walkways
    • B66B23/02—Driving gear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B21/00—Kinds or types of escalators or moving walkways
    • B66B21/02—Escalators
    • B66B21/06—Escalators spiral type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a drive system for an arched escalator with a frame arranged helically in the vertical direction, which includes a transport section for sector-shaped treads in cross-section, an upper and lower turning section having chain wheels in connection with at least one drive and return tracks for the steps, which are in their hinged lateral edge areas, driven by a plurality of mutually parallel chains formed from inner and outer link plates, and each step in the respective edge area has an axle section equipped with a roller and a trailing roller spaced therefrom, which roll on associated guideways, at least one of which the respective end regions of the individual tabs and / or the associated axle section is provided with a bushing containing a spherical bearing.
  • a roller chain is provided on both sides of the steps, each step having a step axis connecting the roller chains.
  • the connecting links of the chain formed from link plates are connected via the free end sections of each step axis to the step axes or to one another adjacent to the step axis only by two spherical joints.
  • the cylindrical outer surface of the spherical joint which connects the connecting links to one another has essentially the same size as the rollers of the step chain, such that the cylindrical outer surface can interact with the chain wheel like a roller of the step chain.
  • the drive chains for curved escalators are guided on a helically arranged path, the rollers rolling on corresponding guideways.
  • the drive chains run at different circumferential speeds, so that when the path radii change, especially in the transition and deflection areas, deformation problems arise from the slope into the landing area that cannot be completely overcome by the proposed construction.
  • a curved escalator can be found in DE-C 34 32 961, which contains a multiplicity of steps provided with step axes which are separated by step chains are interconnected.
  • Carrier rollers are rotatably mounted on the step axes, and in addition guide rollers running on guide rails are provided which rotate about an axis perpendicular to the step axes.
  • the guide rollers are only provided on the outer end of the stepped axes.
  • the step chains can be deflected three-dimensionally by means of a first connecting element which is connected to the step axis and by means of a second connecting element which adjoins the first connecting element.
  • a first connecting element which is connected to the step axis
  • a second connecting element which adjoins the first connecting element.
  • the object of the invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the St.d.T. to overcome and further develop the drive system so that a transition as free of constraint as possible, in particular in the transition and deflection areas of the curved escalator, can be realized.
  • both end regions of the individual inner plates are provided with bushings containing spherical bearings, and in that the respective roller also having a spherical bearing is mounted on the one hand between parallel inner plates in the area of the associated axle section and on the other hand between the spherical bearing bushes of the respective end regions of the inner plates are each arranged.
  • each roller is provided on the one hand between the inner straps and on the other hand is equipped with a spherical bearing, in addition to a reduction in the installation space, a much improved mobility of the entire components relative to one another is brought about, so that in particular in the transition and deflection areas of the curved escalator the unwanted constraints and deformations can be optimally compensated for without increasing friction and / or deformation or damage to the corresponding components.
  • the respective axle section preferably projects through the roller and ends in the wall area of the inner link facing the frame outer areas without passing through its end face, where it is then fixed, for example, by a snap ring if necessary flush with the end face of this inner link.
  • a supporting element for receiving upper and lower guide rollers can be provided in the region of this inner link plate without influencing the mobility of the respective axle section.
  • the support element can be a separate body, which is detachably connected to the associated tab, or can be formed by approaches which are used when the tabs are produced, e.g. by stamping, molded directly onto it and bent in a further operation.
  • a drive system in which the respective turning section of the curved escalator is formed by two spaced-apart chain wheels, each of which can be connected to one another by a shaft which are provided on the outer circumference for deflecting the chains with a large number of rounded recesses receiving the bushings, depending on the chain pitch for receiving and guiding the roller arranged between the bushings in the region of the respective sprocket, a further recess whose pitch circle diameter is less than that of the sockets.
  • Such a drive system further includes a drive in the area of at least one of the turning sections, the drive shaft of which receives the sprockets, one of the sprockets, in particular the one with the smaller diameter, being adjustable in the circumferential direction relative to the other sprocket.
  • This can be done, for example, through elongated holes into which bolts of the drive shaft protrude.
  • the angular offset of one sprocket relative to the other is dependent on the diameter of the sprockets and the different speeds of the inner and outer chain.
  • the sprockets of the non-driven turning section are freely rotatable on their shaft. Depending on the diameter differences, it can happen that the outer chain runs approx.
  • driver elements are provided in the area of the chain wheels which serve to receive and guide the drag rollers provided in the area of the treads. This measure causes the respective steps to be guided in the deflection area, which increases safety when the steps are inclined.
  • the driver elements can be individual elements which, after the envelopes have been determined, are produced in the course of the rotation of the trailing roller axis and are provided in the region of the chain wheels.
  • the driver elements for example as grooves, in separate disks to bring, which are then placed on the shafts and connected to the sprockets.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic sketch of an arched escalator 1, which essentially contains the following components: a vertically helical base 2, which forms the frame for the curved escalator 1 and receives the essential drive elements, frame outer sides 2a, 2b, an analogous helical balustrade 3 including handrails 4 and steps 5, which in the area of the helix a transport section 6 , form an upper and a lower turning section 7, 8 and return tracks 9 for the drive chains 10 only indicated here.
  • a vertically helical base 2 which forms the frame for the curved escalator 1 and receives the essential drive elements
  • frame outer sides 2a, 2b an analogous helical balustrade 3 including handrails 4 and steps 5, which in the area of the helix a transport section 6 , form an upper and a lower turning section 7, 8 and return tracks 9 for the drive chains 10 only indicated here.
  • FIG 2 shows a perspective partial view of a drive chain 10, which consists of a plurality of interconnected inner plates 11 and outer plates 12, which are connected to one another in their end regions via bolts 13 are connected.
  • the bolts 13 are surrounded by a bush 14 in the area of the inner plates 11, a spherical bearing 15 extending between the bolts 13 and bush 14.
  • a roller 17 extends on the step side, which is arranged between the spaced inner plates 11, the axle section 16 projecting through the inner plate 11 and the roller 17 on the one hand and ending in the wall section 18 of the inner plate 11 on the other hand, where it is fixed, for example, by a snap ring, not shown here.
  • Each roller 17 includes a spherical bearing 19, similar to the bolts 13, so that this drive chain 10 is optimally movable.
  • a support element 21 is provided, which is detachably connected to the associated inner plate 11.
  • the support element 21 serves to receive upper and lower guide rollers 22, 23, which are provided for reducing external forces and roll on guide profiles (not shown here).
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show a partial area of the drive chain 10 according to FIG. 2 on the one hand as a side view and on the other hand as a top view.
  • the inner plates 11 and the outer plates 12, the bolts 13 and the bushings 14 surrounding them, including spherical bearings 15, the roller 17 can be seen , the axle section 16, which extends into the area of an only indicated step 5 including the drag roller 5 ', the support element 21 and the guide rollers 22, 23, which are fastened in the support element 21 by means of a pin 24.
  • the end face 25 of the axle section 16 ends in the wall area 18 of the respective inner link 11 without passing through the end face 20 there and is fixed there in this area by means of a snap ring 35.
  • FIG. 5 shows, as a further component of the drive system according to the invention, a sprocket 26 provided in the respective turning section.
  • the run-up area, the link chain 10 not shown here is indicated by dash-dotted lines.
  • the diameter of the bushings 14 is on the circumference 27 of the chain wheel 26 adapted recesses 28, 29 are arranged, the dashed area 30 representing the pitch circle of the bush axis 36.
  • a deeper recess 31 is provided between the recesses 28, 29 and serves to receive the roller 17, the pitch circle 32 of which has a smaller radius than that 30 of the bush axis 36.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a turning section 7 which contains two chain wheels 26, 26 'with different diameters, which are connected to one another by a shaft 37.
  • the recesses 31 for receiving the rollers 17, which are held between the inner plates 11, can be seen. Due to the differences in diameter of the outer and inner sprockets 26, 26 ', the smaller inner sprocket 26' runs 10-15% faster than the outer 26 depending on the diameter difference. Accordingly, the distance a 'of the shaft 37 is also greater than the distance a es for sprockets of the same size would. Since the chains 10 should not run obliquely but straight on the associated chain wheel 26, 26 ', these parameters must also be taken into account, which is illustrated in FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 7 shows the arrangement of an outer and an inner sprocket 26, 26 '.
  • the drive axle 38 which is only indicated here, is provided in the region of the smaller sprocket 26 'with bolts 33 which are guided in elongated holes 34 of the smaller sprocket 26', so that an optimum before the arc escalator is put into operation Adjustment of the two sprockets 26, 26 'to one another can be brought about, and the chains (not shown) can run evenly and in a straight line onto the sprockets 26, 26'.
  • the respective angle of rotation alpha is dependent on the difference in diameter of the chain wheels 26, 26 'and the difference in length of the distances a, a' according to FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 8 shows a drive plate 39 for the towing rollers of the treads 5, which are not shown here, which can be placed, for example, on the drive axle 38 and connected to the associated chain wheel 26, 26 '(not shown).
  • driving elements 40 introduced in the form of grooves which correspond to the rolling geometry of the towing rollers when the treads 5 rotate around the chain wheels 26, 26 'in the region of the respective turning section.

Landscapes

  • Escalators And Moving Walkways (AREA)
  • Structure Of Belt Conveyors (AREA)
  • Ladders (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP94/03291 Sec. 371 Date Apr. 9, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Apr. 9, 1996 PCT Filed Oct. 5, 1994 PCT Pub. No. WO95/10477 PCT Pub. Date Apr. 20, 1995A drive system for a curved escalator which has a frame, a transport section including steps, return tracks and guide tracks, and a drive connected to the transport section. The drive system includes: chain wheels connectable to the drive; and chains engaging the chain wheels hingeable in lateral edge areas of the steps, the chains being disposed parallel to one another, each of the chains comprising interior and exterior brackets. The drive system further includes shaft sections disposed adjacent corresponding ones of the brackets and further being adapted to be disposed at respective edge areas of each step; rollers connected to respective ends of each of the shaft sections, each of the shaft sections projecting through a corresponding one of the rollers and being fixed, at a face end thereof, in a wall area of a corresponding one of the interior brackets which is adapted to face outer frame areas of the frame; and traction rollers placed at a distance from the rollers. Bushings are respectively disposed at both end sections of the brackets. Each of the rollers includes a spherical bearing disposed therein, is seated in one dimension between corresponding ones of the interior brackets which are parallel to one another, is adjacent a corresponding one of the shaft sections, and is further seated in another dimension between corresponding ones of the bushings at both end sections of the brackets.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Antriebssystem für eine Bogenrolltreppe mit einem in vertikaler Richtung wendelförmig angeordneten Rahmen, der einen Transportabschnitt für im Querschnitt sektorförmige Trittstufen, einen Kettenräder aufweisenden oberen sowie unteren Wendeabschnitt in Verbindung mit mindestens einem Antrieb und Rückkehrbahnen für die Trittstufen beinhaltet, die über in ihren seitlichen Randbereichen angelenkte, durch eine Vielzahl von parallel zueinander angeordneten , aus Innen- und Außenlaschen gebildete Ketten antreibbar sind und jede Trittstufe im jeweiligen Randbereich einen mit einer Laufrolle bestückten Achsabschnitt sowie eine davon beabstandete Schlepprolle aufweist, die auf zugehörigen Führungsbahnen abrollen, wobei zumindest einer der jeweiligen Endbereiche der einzelnen Laschen und/oder der zugehörige Achsabschnitt mit einer ein sphärisches Lager beinhaltenden Buchse versehen ist.The invention relates to a drive system for an arched escalator with a frame arranged helically in the vertical direction, which includes a transport section for sector-shaped treads in cross-section, an upper and lower turning section having chain wheels in connection with at least one drive and return tracks for the steps, which are in their hinged lateral edge areas, driven by a plurality of mutually parallel chains formed from inner and outer link plates, and each step in the respective edge area has an axle section equipped with a roller and a trailing roller spaced therefrom, which roll on associated guideways, at least one of which the respective end regions of the individual tabs and / or the associated axle section is provided with a bushing containing a spherical bearing.

Durch die EP-B 118 813 ist eine derartige Bogenrolltreppe vorbekannt. Beiderseits der Trittstufen ist eine Rollenkette vorgesehen, wobei jede Trittstufe eine die Rollenketten verbindende Trittstufenachse aufweist. Die Verbindungsglieder der aus Kettenlaschen gebildeten Kette sind über die freien Endabschnitte jeder Trittstufenachse mit den Trittstufenachsen oder untereinander benachbart der Trittstufenachse nur durch zwei sphärische Gelenke verbunden. Die zylindrische Außenfläche des sphärischen Gelenkes, welches die Verbindungsglieder miteinander verbindet, weist im wesentlichen die gleiche Größe wie die Rollen der Trittstufenketten auf, dergestalt, daß die zylindrische Außenfläche mit dem Kettenrad wie eine Rolle der Trittstufenkette zusammenwirken kann. Die Antriebsketten bei Bogenrolltreppen werden auf einer wendelförmig angeordneten Bahn geführt, wobei die Laufrollen auf entsprechenden Führungsbahnen abrollen. Infolge der durch den Radius der Wendel bestimmten Durchmesserunterschiede zwischen dem Innen- und dem Außenbereich der Trittstufen, laufen die Antriebsketten mit unterschiedlichen Umfangsgeschwindigkeiten, so daß sich bei Änderung der Bahnradien, insbesondere in den Übergangs- und Umlenkbereichen, aus der Steigung in den Landungsbereich Verformungsprobleme ergeben, die auch durch die vorgeschlagene Konstruktion nicht vollständig überwunden werden können.Such an arched escalator is previously known from EP-B 118 813. A roller chain is provided on both sides of the steps, each step having a step axis connecting the roller chains. The connecting links of the chain formed from link plates are connected via the free end sections of each step axis to the step axes or to one another adjacent to the step axis only by two spherical joints. The cylindrical outer surface of the spherical joint which connects the connecting links to one another has essentially the same size as the rollers of the step chain, such that the cylindrical outer surface can interact with the chain wheel like a roller of the step chain. The drive chains for curved escalators are guided on a helically arranged path, the rollers rolling on corresponding guideways. As a result of the diameter differences between the inside and outside of the steps determined by the radius of the helix, the drive chains run at different circumferential speeds, so that when the path radii change, especially in the transition and deflection areas, deformation problems arise from the slope into the landing area that cannot be completely overcome by the proposed construction.

Der DE-C 34 32 961 ist eine Bogenrolltreppe zu entnehmen, die eine Vielzahl von mit Stufenachsen versehenen Stufen beinhaltet, die durch Stufenketten miteinander verbunden sind. An den Stufenachsen sind Tragrollen drehbar gelagert, wobei darüber hinaus an Führungsschienen laufende Führungsrollen vorgesehen sind, die sich um eine Achse senkrecht zu den Stufenachsen drehen. Die Führungsrollen sind hierbei nur an dem bogenäußeren Ende der Stufenachsen vorgesehen. Bei konischer Anordnung von inneren und äußeren Zahnrädern mit unterschiedlichen Durchmessern in den Umlenkbereichen sind die Bodenflächen der Zähne unter einem Winkel gegenüber der Horizontalen geneigt. Die Stufenketten sind mittels eines ersten Verbindungsgliedes, das mit der Stufenachse verbunden ist und mittels eines zweiten Verbindungsgliedes, das an das erste Verbindungsglied angrenzt, dreidimensional auslenkbar. Nachteilig ist neben dem komplizierten Aufbau des Antriebssystems festzustellen, daß die Funktion desselben aus folgenden Gründen an sich in Frage gestellt ist:
die infolge der Durchmesserunterschiede der Kettenräder in den Umlenkbereichen auftretenden Geschwindigkeitsunterschiede der Stufenketten bewirken eine entgegengesetzte Verschiebung der Stufenketten, insbesondere in den Wendebereichen, durch welche erhebliche Kräfte entstehen. Auch wenn durch die Verwendung zweier räumlicher Lagerbereiche eine gewisse Verformung der Stufenketten möglich ist,so könnte diese die Gegeneinanderbewegung der Stufenketten nicht aufnehmen. Dies geschieht in allen Bereichen der Bogenrolltreppe, in denen die Winkelgeschwindigkeiten von innerer und äußerer Stufenkette nicht übereinstimmen. Beim Schieflauf der Stufen laufen naturgemäß auch die daran angelenkten Tragrollen schief, wodurch sich ein erheblicher Verschleiß einstellt und der Auflauf der Stufenketten auf das jeweilige Kettenrad erheblichen Zwängungen unterworfen ist, was sogar zu einer Verformung der Stufenachsen führen kann.A curved escalator can be found in DE-C 34 32 961, which contains a multiplicity of steps provided with step axes which are separated by step chains are interconnected. Carrier rollers are rotatably mounted on the step axes, and in addition guide rollers running on guide rails are provided which rotate about an axis perpendicular to the step axes. The guide rollers are only provided on the outer end of the stepped axes. With a conical arrangement of inner and outer gears with different diameters in the deflection areas, the bottom surfaces of the teeth are inclined at an angle to the horizontal. The step chains can be deflected three-dimensionally by means of a first connecting element which is connected to the step axis and by means of a second connecting element which adjoins the first connecting element. In addition to the complicated structure of the drive system, it is disadvantageous that the function of the drive system itself is questioned for the following reasons:
the speed differences of the step chains occurring in the deflection areas as a result of the diameter differences of the chain wheels cause an opposite displacement of the step chains, in particular in the turning areas, as a result of which considerable forces arise. Even if a certain deformation of the step chains is possible due to the use of two spatial storage areas, this could not absorb the counter-movement of the step chains. This happens in all areas of the curved escalator where the angular velocities of the inner and outer step chain do not match. When the steps are skewed, the supporting rollers articulated on them naturally also go wrong, which results in considerable wear and tear and the run-up of the step chains to the respective chain wheel is subject to considerable constraints, which can even lead to deformation of the step axes.

Ziel des Erfindungsgegenstandes ist es, die Nachteile des St.d.T. zu überwinden und das Antriebssystem so weiterzubilden, daß ein möglichst zwängungsfreier Übergang, insbesondere in den Übergangs- und Umlenkbereichen der Bogenrolltreppe, realisiert werden kann.The object of the invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the St.d.T. to overcome and further develop the drive system so that a transition as free of constraint as possible, in particular in the transition and deflection areas of the curved escalator, can be realized.

Dieses Ziel wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch erreicht, daß beide Endbereiche der einzelnen Innenlaschen mit sphärische Lager beinhaltenden Buchsen versehen sind, und daß die ebenfalls ein sphärisches Lager aufweisende jeweilige Laufrolle einerseits zwischen parallelen Innenlaschen im Bereich des zugehörigen Achsabschnittes gelagert und andererseits zwischen jeweils den sphärische Lager aufweisenden Buchsen der jeweiligen Endbereiche der Innenlaschen angeordnet ist.This goal is achieved according to the invention in that both end regions of the individual inner plates are provided with bushings containing spherical bearings, and in that the respective roller also having a spherical bearing is mounted on the one hand between parallel inner plates in the area of the associated axle section and on the other hand between the spherical bearing bushes of the respective end regions of the inner plates are each arranged.

Dadurch, daß eine jede Laufrolle zum einen zwischen den Innenlaschen vorgesehen und zum anderen mit einem sphärischen Lager ausgerüstet ist, wird neben einer Reduzierung des Bauraumes auch eine wesentlich verbesserte Beweglichkeit der gesamten Bauteile zueinander herbeigeführt, so daß insbesondere in den übergangs- und Umlenkbereichen der Bogenrolltreppe die hier unerwünschten Zwängungen und Verformungen optimal ausgeglichen werden können, ohne daß es zu erhöhten Reibungen und/oder Verformungen bzw. Beschädigungen der korrespondierenden Bauteile kommen kann.The fact that each roller is provided on the one hand between the inner straps and on the other hand is equipped with a spherical bearing, in addition to a reduction in the installation space, a much improved mobility of the entire components relative to one another is brought about, so that in particular in the transition and deflection areas of the curved escalator the unwanted constraints and deformations can be optimally compensated for without increasing friction and / or deformation or damage to the corresponding components.

Vorzugsweise ragt der jeweilige Achsabschnitt durch die Laufrolle hindurch und endet im Wandbereich der den Rahmenaußenbereichen zugewandten Innenlasche ohne deren Stirnfläche zu durchtreten, wo er dann beispielsweise durch einen Sprengring bei Bedarf bündig mit der Stirnfläche dieser Innenlasche fixiert wird.The respective axle section preferably projects through the roller and ends in the wall area of the inner link facing the frame outer areas without passing through its end face, where it is then fixed, for example, by a snap ring if necessary flush with the end face of this inner link.

Durch diese Maßnahme kann ohne Beeinflussung der Beweglichkeit des jeweiligen Achsabschnittes im Bereich dieser Innenlasche ein Tragelement zur Aufnahme oberer und unterer Führungsrollen vorgesehen werden. Das Tragelement kann hierbei ein separater Körper sein, der mit der zugehörigen Lasche lösbar verbunden wird oder aber durch Ansätze gebildet werden, die beim Erzeugen der Laschen, z.B. durch Stanzen, unmittelbar daran angeformt und in einem weiteren Arbeitsgang abgebogen werden.As a result of this measure, a supporting element for receiving upper and lower guide rollers can be provided in the region of this inner link plate without influencing the mobility of the respective axle section. The support element can be a separate body, which is detachably connected to the associated tab, or can be formed by approaches which are used when the tabs are produced, e.g. by stamping, molded directly onto it and bent in a further operation.

Bei der EP-B 118 813 hingegen sind die Tragelemente für die Führungsrollen unmittelbar auf den Achsenden außerhalb der Laufrollen aufgebracht, so daß es auch hier bei der räumlichen Bewegung der jeweiligen Antriebskette und den damit verbundenen Verformungen zu Zwängungen kommen kann, die sich nachteilig auf das Laufverhalten der Führungsrollen auswirken. Diese Maßgabe wird durch die räumliche und funktionale Trennung zwischen Achsabschnitt und Führungsrollen sicher vermieden.In EP-B 118 813, however, the support elements for the guide rollers are applied directly to the axle ends outside the rollers, so that here too, the spatial movement of the respective drive chain and the deformations associated with it can lead to constraints, which disadvantageously affect the Affect the running behavior of the guide rollers. This requirement is reliably avoided by the spatial and functional separation between the axle section and guide rollers.

Ein Antriebssystem, bei welchem der jeweilige Wendeabschnitt der Bogenrolltreppe durch zwei beabstandete, jeweils durch eine Welle miteinander verbindbare unterschiedliche Durchmesser aufweisende Kettenräder gebildet ist, die am Außenumfang zur Umlenkung der Ketten mit einer Vielzahl von die Buchsen aufnehmenden gerundeten Ausnehmungen versehen sind, beinhaltet in Abhängigkeit der Kettenteilung zur Aufnahme und Führung der zwischen den Buchsen angeordneten Laufrolle im Bereich des jeweiligen Kettenrades eine weitere Ausnehmung, deren Teilkreisdurchmesser geringer ist als der der Buchsen. Durch diese Maßnahme wird sichergestellt, daß auch die jeweils eine Laufrolle beinhaltenden Innenlaschen ohne Probleme umgelenkt werden können.A drive system in which the respective turning section of the curved escalator is formed by two spaced-apart chain wheels, each of which can be connected to one another by a shaft which are provided on the outer circumference for deflecting the chains with a large number of rounded recesses receiving the bushings, depending on the chain pitch for receiving and guiding the roller arranged between the bushings in the region of the respective sprocket, a further recess whose pitch circle diameter is less than that of the sockets. This measure ensures that the inner plates each containing a roller can be deflected without problems.

Ein derartiges Antriebssystem beinhaltet desweiteren im Bereich mindestens eines der Wendeabschnitte einen Antrieb, dessen Antriebswelle die Kettenräder aufnimmt, wobei eines der Kettenräder, insbesondere das mit dem kleineren Durchmesser, in Umfangsrichtung gegenüber dem anderen Kettenrad verstellbar ist. Dies kann beispielsweise durch Langlöcher geschehen, in welche Bolzen der Antriebswelle hineinragen. Der Winkelversatz des einen gegenüber dem anderen Kettenrad ist hierbei abhängig vom Durchmesser der Kettenräder sowie den unterschiedlichen Geschwindigkeiten der inneren und äußeren Kette berechen- und einstellbar. Die Kettenräder des nicht angetriebenen Wendeabschnittes sind frei drehbar auf ihrer Welle gelagert. In Abhängigkeit der Durchmesserunterschiede kann es geschehen, daß die äußere Kette ca. 10-15 % schneller läuft als die innere, wobei die Ketten jedoch geradlinig und nicht schräg auf das zugehörigen Kettenrad auflaufen sollen. Infolge der relativen Verdrehbarkeit der beiden Kettenräder zueinander wird dieser Geschwindigkeitsdifferenz Rechnung getragen, so daß beide Ketten gleichmäßig und geradlinig auf das zugehörige Kettenrad auflaufen können. Zwängungen werden somit sicher vermieden.Such a drive system further includes a drive in the area of at least one of the turning sections, the drive shaft of which receives the sprockets, one of the sprockets, in particular the one with the smaller diameter, being adjustable in the circumferential direction relative to the other sprocket. This can be done, for example, through elongated holes into which bolts of the drive shaft protrude. The angular offset of one sprocket relative to the other is dependent on the diameter of the sprockets and the different speeds of the inner and outer chain. The sprockets of the non-driven turning section are freely rotatable on their shaft. Depending on the diameter differences, it can happen that the outer chain runs approx. 10-15% faster than the inner one, whereby the chains should run straight and not at an angle on the associated sprocket. As a result of the relative rotatability of the two sprockets relative to one another, this speed difference is taken into account, so that both chains can run onto the associated sprocket in a straight line. So constraints are safely avoided.

Einem weiteren Gedanken der Erfindung gemäß sind im Bereich der Kettenräder Mitnehmerelemente vorgesehen, die zur Aufnahme und Führung der im Bereich der Trittstufen vorgesehenen Schlepprollen dienen. Diese Maßnahme bewirkt eine Zwangsführung der jeweiligen Trittstufen im Umlenkbereich, wodurch die Sicherheit bei evtl. Schieflauf der Trittstufen erhöht wird. Die Mitnehmerelemente können Einzelelemente sein, die nach Ermittlung der Umhüllenden im Verlauf des Umlaufes der Schlepprollenachse gefertigt und im Bereich der Kettenräder vorgesehen werden. Alternativ besteht die Möglichkeit, die Mitnehmerelemente, z.B. als Nuten, in separaten Scheiben einzubringen, die dann auf die Wellen aufgesetzt und mit den Kettenrädern verbunden werden.According to a further concept of the invention, driver elements are provided in the area of the chain wheels which serve to receive and guide the drag rollers provided in the area of the treads. This measure causes the respective steps to be guided in the deflection area, which increases safety when the steps are inclined. The driver elements can be individual elements which, after the envelopes have been determined, are produced in the course of the rotation of the trailing roller axis and are provided in the region of the chain wheels. Alternatively, there is the possibility of the driver elements, for example as grooves, in separate disks to bring, which are then placed on the shafts and connected to the sprockets.

Die Erfindung ist anhand eines Ausführungsbeispieles in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird wie folgt beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Figur 1 -
Prinzipskizze einer Bogenrolltreppe
Figur 2 -
perspektivische Teildarstellung einer zum Antriebssystem gehörenden Antriebskette
Figuren 3 und 4 -
verschiedene Ansichten von Figur 2
Figur 5 -
Darstellung eines zum Antriebssystem gehörenden Kettenrades
Figur 6 -
prinzipielle Darstellung eines Wendeabschnittes
Figur 7 -
in Umfangsrichtung versetzte Kettenräder eines Wendeabschnittes
Figur 8 -
Darstellung einer Mitnehmerscheibe für die Schlepprollen der Trittstufen.
The invention is illustrated in the drawing using an exemplary embodiment and is described as follows. Show it:
Figure 1 -
Principle sketch of an arched escalator
Figure 2 -
partial perspective view of a drive chain belonging to the drive system
Figures 3 and 4 -
different views of Figure 2
Figure 5 -
Representation of a chain wheel belonging to the drive system
Figure 6 -
basic representation of a turning section
Figure 7 -
Sprockets of a turning section offset in the circumferential direction
Figure 8 -
Representation of a drive plate for the trailing rollers of the steps.

Figur 1 zeigt als Prinzipskizze eine Bogenrolltreppe 1, die im wesentlichen folgende Bauteile beinhaltet:
einen in vertikaler Richtung wendelförmige verlaufenden Sockel 2, der den Rahmen für die Bogenrolltreppe 1 bildet und die wesentlichen Antriebselemente aufnimmt, Rahmenaußenseiten 2a,2b, eine analog dazu wendelförmig ausgebildete Balustrade 3 samt Handläufen 4 und Trittstufen 5, die im Bereich der Wendel einen Transportabschnitt 6, einen oberen sowie einen unteren Wendeabschnitt 7,8 sowie Rückkehrbahnen 9 für die hier nur angedeuteten Antriebsketten 10 bilden.FIG. 1 shows a schematic sketch of an arched escalator 1, which essentially contains the following components:
a vertically helical base 2, which forms the frame for the curved escalator 1 and receives the essential drive elements, frame outer sides 2a, 2b, an analogous helical balustrade 3 including handrails 4 and steps 5, which in the area of the helix a transport section 6 , form an upper and a lower turning section 7, 8 and return tracks 9 for the drive chains 10 only indicated here.

Figur 2 zeigt als perspektivische Teilansicht eine Antriebskette 10, die aus einer Vielzahl miteinander verbundener Innenlaschen 11 und Außenlaschen 12 besteht, die in ihren Endbereichen über Bolzen 13 miteinander verbunden sind. Die Bolzen 13 sind im Bereich der Innenlaschen 11 von einer Buchse 14 umgeben, wobei sich zwischen Bolzen 13 und Buchse 14 jeweils ein sphärisches Lager 15 erstreckt. Im Bereich der hier nicht weiter dargestellten Trittstufe befindet sich beiderseits derselben ein Achsabschnitt 16, der sich in Richtung der zugehörigen Laschenkette 10 erstreckt. Zwischen jeweils zwei ein sphärisches Lager 15 beinhaltenden Buchsen 14 erstreckt sich trittstufenseitig eine Laufrolle 17, die zwischen den beabstandeten Innenlaschen 11 angeordnet ist, wobei der Achsabschnitt 16 einerseits durch die Innenlasche 11 und die Laufrolle 17 hindurchragt und andererseits im Wandabschnitt 18 der Innenlasche 11 endet, wo er beispielsweise durch einen hier nicht weiter dargestellten Sprengring fixiert wird. Eine jede Laufrolle 17 beinhaltet analog zu den Bolzen 13 ebenfalls ein sphärisches Lager 19, so daß sich eine optimale Raumbeweglichkeit dieser Antriebskette 10 einstellt. Im Bereich der freien Stirnfläche 20 der Innenlaschen 11 ist jeweils ein Tragelement 21 vorgesehen, das lösbar mit der zugehörigen Innenlasche 11 verbunden ist. Das Tragelement 21 dient zur Aufnahme oberer und unterer Führungsrollen 22,23, die zum Abbau von außen einwirkender Kräfte vorgesehen sind und an hier nicht weiter dargestellten Führungsprofilen abrollen..Figure 2 shows a perspective partial view of a drive chain 10, which consists of a plurality of interconnected inner plates 11 and outer plates 12, which are connected to one another in their end regions via bolts 13 are connected. The bolts 13 are surrounded by a bush 14 in the area of the inner plates 11, a spherical bearing 15 extending between the bolts 13 and bush 14. In the area of the step not shown here, there is an axle section 16 on both sides thereof, which extends in the direction of the associated link chain 10. Between each of two bushings 14 containing a spherical bearing 15, a roller 17 extends on the step side, which is arranged between the spaced inner plates 11, the axle section 16 projecting through the inner plate 11 and the roller 17 on the one hand and ending in the wall section 18 of the inner plate 11 on the other hand, where it is fixed, for example, by a snap ring, not shown here. Each roller 17 includes a spherical bearing 19, similar to the bolts 13, so that this drive chain 10 is optimally movable. In the area of the free end face 20 of the inner plates 11, a support element 21 is provided, which is detachably connected to the associated inner plate 11. The support element 21 serves to receive upper and lower guide rollers 22, 23, which are provided for reducing external forces and roll on guide profiles (not shown here).

Die Figuren 3 und 4 zeigen einerseits als Seiten- und andererseits als Draufsicht einen Teilbereich der Antriebskette 10 gemäß Figur 2. Erkennbar sind die Innenlaschen 11 und die Außenlaschen 12, die Bolzen 13 sowie die sie umgebenden Buchsen 14 samt sphärischen Lagern 15, die Laufrolle 17, der Achsabschnitt 16, der sich in den Bereich einer nur angedeuteten Trittstufe 5 samt Schlepprolle 5' hinein erstreckt, das Tragelement 21 sowie die Führungsrollen 22,23, die mittels eines Stiftes 24 im Tragelement 21 befestigt sind. Die Stirnfläche 25 des Achsabschnittes 16 endet im Wandbereich 18 der jeweiligen Innenlasche 11, ohne die dortige Stirnfläche 20 zu durchtreten und ist in diesem Bereich mittels eines Sprengringes 35 dort fixiert.FIGS. 3 and 4 show a partial area of the drive chain 10 according to FIG. 2 on the one hand as a side view and on the other hand as a top view. The inner plates 11 and the outer plates 12, the bolts 13 and the bushings 14 surrounding them, including spherical bearings 15, the roller 17 can be seen , the axle section 16, which extends into the area of an only indicated step 5 including the drag roller 5 ', the support element 21 and the guide rollers 22, 23, which are fastened in the support element 21 by means of a pin 24. The end face 25 of the axle section 16 ends in the wall area 18 of the respective inner link 11 without passing through the end face 20 there and is fixed there in this area by means of a snap ring 35.

Figur 5 zeigt als weiteren Bestandteil des erfindungsgemäßen Antriebssystems ein im jeweiligen Wendeabschnitt vorgesehenes Kettenrad 26. Der Auflaufbereich, der hier nicht weiter dargestellten Laschenkette 10 ist strichpunktiert angedeutet. Zur Aufnahme der Buchsen 14 der Laschenkette 10 sind am Umfang 27 des Kettenrades 26 dem Durchmesser der Buchsen 14 angepaßte Ausnehmungen 28,29 angeordnet, wobei der gestrichelte Bereich 30 den Teilkreis der Buchsenachse 36 darstellt. Zwischen den Ausnehmungen 28,29 ist eine tiefere Ausnehmung 31 vorgesehen, die zur Aufnahme der Laufrolle 17 dient, deren Teilkreis 32 einen kleineren Radius aufweist als derjenige 30 der Buchsenachse 36.FIG. 5 shows, as a further component of the drive system according to the invention, a sprocket 26 provided in the respective turning section. The run-up area, the link chain 10 not shown here is indicated by dash-dotted lines. To accommodate the bushings 14 of the link chain 10, the diameter of the bushings 14 is on the circumference 27 of the chain wheel 26 adapted recesses 28, 29 are arranged, the dashed area 30 representing the pitch circle of the bush axis 36. A deeper recess 31 is provided between the recesses 28, 29 and serves to receive the roller 17, the pitch circle 32 of which has a smaller radius than that 30 of the bush axis 36.

Figur 6 zeigt als Prinzipskizze einen Wendeabschnitt 7, der zwei unterschiedliche Durchmesser aufweisende Kettenräder 26,26' beinhaltet, die durch eine Welle 37 miteinander verbunden sind. Erkennbar sind die Ausnehmungen 31 zur Aufnahme der Laufrollen 17, die zwischen den Innenlaschen 11 gehalten werden. Infolge der Durchmesserunterschiede der äußeren und inneren Kettenräder 26,26' läuft das kleinere innere Kettenrad 26' durchmesserdifferenzabhängig 10-15 % schneller als das äußere 26. Demzufolge ist auch der Abstand a' der Welle 37 größer als der Abstand a es bei gleich großen Kettenrädern wäre. Da die Ketten 10 nicht unter schräg sondern geradlinig auf das zugehörige Kettenrad 26,26' auflaufen sollen, muß diesen Parametern ebenfalls Rechnung getragen werden, was in Figur 7 verdeutlicht wird.FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a turning section 7 which contains two chain wheels 26, 26 'with different diameters, which are connected to one another by a shaft 37. The recesses 31 for receiving the rollers 17, which are held between the inner plates 11, can be seen. Due to the differences in diameter of the outer and inner sprockets 26, 26 ', the smaller inner sprocket 26' runs 10-15% faster than the outer 26 depending on the diameter difference. Accordingly, the distance a 'of the shaft 37 is also greater than the distance a es for sprockets of the same size would. Since the chains 10 should not run obliquely but straight on the associated chain wheel 26, 26 ', these parameters must also be taken into account, which is illustrated in FIG. 7.

Figur 7 zeigt die Anordnung eines äußeren und eines inneren Kettenrades 26,26'. Um die in Figur 6 angedeutete Problematik überwinden zu können, ist die hier nur angedeutete Antriebsachse 38 im Bereich des kleineren Kettenrades 26' mit Bolzen 33 versehen, die in Langlöchern 34 des kleineren Kettenrades 26' geführt werden, so daß vor Inbetriebnahme der Bogenrolltreppe eine optimale Einstellung der beiden Kettenräder 26,26' zueinander herbeigeführt werden kann, und die Ketten (nicht dargestellt) gleichmäßig und geradlinig auf die Kettenräder 26,26' auflaufen können. Der jeweilige Verdrehwinkel alpha ist hierbei abhängig von der Durchmesserdifferenz der Kettenräder 26,26' sowie der Längendifferenz der Strekken a,a' gemäß Figur 6.FIG. 7 shows the arrangement of an outer and an inner sprocket 26, 26 '. In order to be able to overcome the problem indicated in FIG. 6, the drive axle 38, which is only indicated here, is provided in the region of the smaller sprocket 26 'with bolts 33 which are guided in elongated holes 34 of the smaller sprocket 26', so that an optimum before the arc escalator is put into operation Adjustment of the two sprockets 26, 26 'to one another can be brought about, and the chains (not shown) can run evenly and in a straight line onto the sprockets 26, 26'. The respective angle of rotation alpha is dependent on the difference in diameter of the chain wheels 26, 26 'and the difference in length of the distances a, a' according to FIG. 6.

Figur 8 zeigt eine Mitnehmerscheibe 39 für die hier nicht dargestellten Schlepprollen der Trittstufen 5, die beispielsweise auf die Antriebsachse 38 aufgesetzt und mit dem zugehörigen Kettenrad 26,26' (nicht dargestellt) verbunden werden kann. In die Mitnehmerscheibe 39 sind Mitnehmerelemente 40 in Form von Nuten eingebracht, die der Abwälzgeometrie der Schlepprollen beim Umlauf der Trittstufen 5 um die Kettenräder 26,26' im Bereich des jeweiligen Wendeabschnittes entsprechen.FIG. 8 shows a drive plate 39 for the towing rollers of the treads 5, which are not shown here, which can be placed, for example, on the drive axle 38 and connected to the associated chain wheel 26, 26 '(not shown). In the driving plate 39 are driving elements 40 introduced in the form of grooves which correspond to the rolling geometry of the towing rollers when the treads 5 rotate around the chain wheels 26, 26 'in the region of the respective turning section.

Claims (12)

  1. Drive system for a curved escalator having a frame (2) that is arranged vertically in a helical formation, which frame includes a transportation zone (6) for steps (5) that are sector-shaped in cross-section, an upper and lower turning zone (7, 8) that each have chain wheels, in conjunction with at least one drive and with return tracks (9) for the steps (5), which steps are driven by means of chains (10) that are articulatedly mounted in the side edge regions of the steps and are formed by a plurality of inner and outer links (11, 12) that are arranged parallel to one another, and each step (5) in its respective edge region has an axle portion (16) that is provided with a roller (17), and an idling roller (5') spaced therefrom, which run on associated guide tracks, at least one of the respective end regions of the individual links (11, 12) and/or the associated axle portion (16) being provided with a bush (14) that contains a spherical bearing (15, 19), characterised in that the two end regions of the individual inner links (11) are provided with bushes (14) that each contain a spherical bearing (15) and that the respective roller (17) that likewise has a spherical bearing (19) is, on the one hand, mounted between parallel inner links (11) in the region of the associated axle portion (16) and is, on the other hand, arranged between bushes (14), each having the spherical bearing (15), of the respective end regions of the inner links (11).
  2. Drive system according to claim 1, characterised in that the axle portion (16) in question projects through the associated roller (17), ends in the wall region (18) of the inner link (11) that faces the outer regions (2a, 2b) of the frame and is fixed there, especially by a retainer ring (35).
  3. Drive system according to claims 1 and 2,
    characterised in that beyond the outer end (25) of the axle portion (16) a carrying element (21) for receiving upper and lower guide rollers (22, 23) is connected to the associated inner link (11).
  4. Drive system according to claims 1 to 3,
    characterised in that the carrying element (21) is connected releasably to the associated inner link (11).
  5. Drive system according to claims 1 to 4,
    characterised in that each of the respective turning zones (7, 8) is formed by two chain wheels (26, 26') that are spaced from one another, are connectable to one another by a shaft (37, 38), have different diameters and are provided, on their outer circumference (27), with a plurality of rounded recesses (28, 29) that receive the bushes (14) for guiding the chains (10), characterised in that a further recess (31) for guiding the respective roller (17) is arranged, in dependence on the chain spacing, between two immediately successive recesses (28, 29), the pitch circle diameter (32) of which further recess is smaller than that (30) for the bushes (14).
  6. Drive system according to claims 1 to 5,
    characterised in that one chain wheel (26'), especially the chain wheel that has the smaller diameter, is adjustable circumferentially in relation to the other chain wheel (26).
  7. Drive system according to claims 1 to 6,
    characterised in that the angular displacement (alpha) of one chain wheel (26') in relation to the other (26) can be calculated and adjusted in dependence on the difference in diameter of the chain wheels (26, 26') and on the different speeds of the inner and outer chains (10).
  8. Drive system according to claims 1 to 7,
    characterised by driver elements (40) that are provided in the region of the chain wheels (26, 26') for guiding the idling rollers (5') that are arranged on the steps (5).
  9. Drive system according to claims 1 to 8,
    characterised in that the driver elements (40) are provided in the region of a driver disk (39).
  10. Drive system according to claims 1 to 9,
    characterised in that the driver elements (40) are formed by guide grooves in the driver disk (39).
  11. Drive system according to claims 1 to 10,
    characterised in that the driver disks (39) are placed on the shaft (37) or axle (38) that connects the chain wheels (26, 26').
  12. Drive system according to claims 1 to 11,
    characterised in that the driver disks (39) are connected to the chain wheels (26, 26').
EP94928861A 1993-10-09 1994-10-05 Drive system for a curved escalator Expired - Lifetime EP0705217B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4334449 1993-10-09
DE4334449 1993-10-09
DE4336320 1993-10-25
DE4336320A DE4336320C1 (en) 1993-10-09 1993-10-25 Drive system for a curved escalator
PCT/EP1994/003291 WO1995010477A1 (en) 1993-10-09 1994-10-05 Drive system for a curved escalator

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0705217A1 EP0705217A1 (en) 1996-04-10
EP0705217B1 true EP0705217B1 (en) 1997-01-02

Family

ID=25930296

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94928861A Expired - Lifetime EP0705217B1 (en) 1993-10-09 1994-10-05 Drive system for a curved escalator

Country Status (12)

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US (1) US5775477A (en)
EP (1) EP0705217B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH09500857A (en)
CN (1) CN1038244C (en)
AT (1) ATE147056T1 (en)
BR (1) BR9407776A (en)
CZ (1) CZ176195A3 (en)
ES (1) ES2100088T3 (en)
HU (1) HUT74651A (en)
RU (1) RU2109673C1 (en)
SK (1) SK110495A3 (en)
WO (1) WO1995010477A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10063844B4 (en) * 2000-12-21 2004-07-22 Kone Corp. Drive system for escalators and moving walks
DE10138462B4 (en) * 2001-08-04 2004-09-30 Kone Corp. Method for guiding link chains in the area of deflection devices of a passenger conveyor system
JP2006052052A (en) * 2004-08-11 2006-02-23 Toshiba Elevator Co Ltd Passenger conveyor
JP5176223B2 (en) * 2006-07-04 2013-04-03 インベンテイオ・アクテイエンゲゼルシヤフト Driving system for passenger transport equipment
ES2573674T3 (en) * 2006-12-21 2016-06-09 Inventio Ag Drive system for a sliding chain translation device
IN2012DN02407A (en) 2009-10-16 2015-08-21 Otis Elevator Co
CN101891104B (en) * 2010-07-30 2013-06-12 江南嘉捷电梯股份有限公司 Structure for setting pedal chain and chain wheel on escalator or passenger conveyor
CN103359596A (en) * 2012-04-10 2013-10-23 通力股份公司 Pedal chain, chain wheel and moving sidewalk for conveyance system
TWI612241B (en) * 2012-12-07 2018-01-21 伊文修股份有限公司 Escalator with a step belt, and moving walkway with a plate belt
US10858221B2 (en) * 2018-12-19 2020-12-08 Otis Elevator Company People conveyor drive and people conveyor

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE628965C (en) * 1930-10-16 1936-04-20 Carl Flohr A G Chain drive for spiral stairs with movable steps
JPS5974881A (en) * 1982-10-19 1984-04-27 三菱電機株式会社 Curve escalator
JPS59140262U (en) * 1983-03-11 1984-09-19 三菱電機株式会社 curved escalator
DE3432961C2 (en) * 1983-09-12 1987-04-02 Mitsubishi Denki K.K., Tokio/Tokyo Curved escalator
KR890004008Y1 (en) * 1983-09-19 1989-06-15 미쓰비시전기 주식회사 Curve escalator
DE3441845A1 (en) * 1983-11-17 1985-06-13 Mitsubishi Denki K.K., Tokio/Tokyo ARC ROLLER STAIRS WITH SEGMENT LEVELS
US4930622A (en) * 1989-03-27 1990-06-05 Otis Elevator Company Curved escalator with fixed center constant radius path of travel
US4895239A (en) * 1989-03-27 1990-01-23 Otis Elevator Company Curved escalator with fixed center constant radius path of travel
US4884673A (en) * 1989-03-27 1989-12-05 Otis Elevator Company Curved escalator with fixed center constant radius path of travel
US5094335A (en) * 1991-09-11 1992-03-10 Otis Elevator Company Step chain roller for curved escalator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0705217A1 (en) 1996-04-10
ES2100088T3 (en) 1997-06-01
CZ176195A3 (en) 1996-01-17
WO1995010477A1 (en) 1995-04-20
CN1038244C (en) 1998-05-06
US5775477A (en) 1998-07-07
ATE147056T1 (en) 1997-01-15
BR9407776A (en) 1997-03-18
RU2109673C1 (en) 1998-04-27
CN1136797A (en) 1996-11-27
JPH09500857A (en) 1997-01-28
HUT74651A (en) 1997-01-28
SK110495A3 (en) 1996-05-08
HU9600913D0 (en) 1996-06-28

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