EP0705204B1 - Sachet for liquid drugs - Google Patents

Sachet for liquid drugs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0705204B1
EP0705204B1 EP94919679A EP94919679A EP0705204B1 EP 0705204 B1 EP0705204 B1 EP 0705204B1 EP 94919679 A EP94919679 A EP 94919679A EP 94919679 A EP94919679 A EP 94919679A EP 0705204 B1 EP0705204 B1 EP 0705204B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pharmaceutical form
seam
form according
sachet
medicinal product
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94919679A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0705204A1 (en
Inventor
Dieter Berndt
Andreas Riedel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Takeda GmbH
Original Assignee
Altana Pharma AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Altana Pharma AG filed Critical Altana Pharma AG
Publication of EP0705204A1 publication Critical patent/EP0705204A1/en
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
    • A61J7/00—Devices for administering medicines orally, e.g. spoons; Pill counting devices; Arrangements for time indication or reminder for taking medicine
    • A61J7/0015—Devices specially adapted for taking medicines
    • A61J7/0046—Cups, bottles or bags
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
    • A61J1/00—Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes
    • A61J1/05—Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes for collecting, storing or administering blood, plasma or medical fluids ; Infusion or perfusion containers
    • A61J1/06—Ampoules or carpules
    • A61J1/067—Flexible ampoules, the contents of which are expelled by squeezing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D75/00—Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes, or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
    • B65D75/40—Packages formed by enclosing successive articles, or increments of material, in webs, e.g. folded or tubular webs, or by subdividing tubes filled with liquid, semi-liquid, or plastic materials
    • B65D75/44—Individual packages cut from webs or tubes
    • B65D75/48—Individual packages cut from webs or tubes containing liquids, semiliquids, or pastes, e.g. cushion-shaped packages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D75/00—Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes, or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
    • B65D75/52—Details
    • B65D75/58—Opening or contents-removing devices added or incorporated during package manufacture
    • B65D75/5805—Opening or contents-removing devices added or incorporated during package manufacture for tearing a side strip parallel and next to the edge, e.g. by means of a line of weakness

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sachet packaging for single doses of liquid medicinal products to be taken orally.
  • the contents can then, for example, on a spoon or in a drinking vessel be emptied and then taken.
  • the object of the present invention was a Pouch packaging for single doses of liquid oral medication is available too which the patient can easily take.
  • Three-seam tubular film bags are made from the usual aluminum composite films by attaching sealed horizontal transverse seams and a vertically sealed one Flat seam made. Such three-seam tubular film bags have hitherto been used, for example, for sugar or portions of butter used.
  • the invention relates to a dosage form for direct oral intake of a liquid drug consisting of a single dose of the drug containing, a three-seam tubular film bag designed as a sealed flat seam Langsnant made of aluminum composite film. Further objects result from the claims.
  • the technique of producing three-seam tubular film bags and their filling are known to the person skilled in the art known per se.
  • the usual aluminum foils are used as material, if desired on the glossy side are protective lacquered or paper-coated and preferably on the matt side with plastic Polyethylene / polyester film are used.
  • the final sealing seams are as Double stitching (inside against inside).
  • the longitudinal seam is made according to those familiar to the person skilled in the art Techniques made. It is carried out, for example, as a so-called taping seam, in which the butt-jointed longitudinal edges preferably connected from the inside by a sealing tape are.
  • the longitudinal seam can also be designed as a flat seam with an overlap of an aluminum-free zone.
  • Fig. 1 shows a top view on the bag packaging according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows a view of the back of an inventive Bag packing.
  • 3 shows a side view of a bag packaging according to the invention.
  • the three-seam tubular film bag 1 shown in Fig. 1 has an elongated substantially rectangular Shape up.
  • the two narrow ends of the tubular structure are each through transverse sealing seams 2, 3 completed.
  • One of the transverse sealing seams 2, 3 contains a small incision 4, which serves to facilitate the opening of the three-seam tubular film bag 1.
  • After tearing off the One end of the three-seam tubular film bag can be stripped from the other end of the three-seam tubular film bag 1 into a collecting vessel or directly into the patient's mouth be emptied.
  • FIG. 2 shows the rear side of an embodiment of a bag packaging according to the invention.
  • This longitudinal seam 5 is designed as a flat seam or as a taping seam.
  • FIG. 3 The outer shape of the bag packaging can be seen from FIG. 3 in conjunction with FIG. 1. It presents itself as an elongated tubular structure with an essentially oval cross section and flat ends.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Bag Frames (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)

Abstract

Proposed is a sachet for individual doses of liquid drugs intended for oral administration. The sachet is characterized in that the drug is contained in so-called stick packs (1). This type of packaging makes the drugs easier to take and increases patient compliance.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Beutelverpackung für Einzeldosen von flüssigen, oral einzunehmenden Arzneimitteln.The invention relates to a sachet packaging for single doses of liquid medicinal products to be taken orally.

Beschreibung der ErfindungDescription of the invention

Zahlreiche Medikamente werden in flüssiger Form oral eingenommen. U.a. um die Dosiergenauigkeit zu erhöhen, Hygieneprobleme zu vermeiden und Einzeldosen überall verfügbar zu haben, werden flüssige Medikamente in Folienbeuteln zur Verfügung gestellt. Insbesondere bei Antacida, die in der Regel als Suspensionen vorliegen, hat sich diese Darreichungsform sehr bewährt. Üblicherweise werden diese Suspensionen in sogenannten Vierrand-Siegelbeuteln bereitgestellt. Unter Vierrand-Siegelbeuteln versteht man Beutel, die durch Rundumversiegelung von zwei Verbundfolien gebildet werden. Diese Beutel lassen sich vom Patienten bequem mitführen. Durch Schütteln oder Kneten des ungeöffneten Beutels ist es leicht möglich, eventuell abgesetzte Suspensionen wieder zu homogenisieren. Zur Entnahme der Einzeldosis wird der Beutel aufgeschnitten, oder, soweit er eine Abrißeinrichtung aufweist, aufgerissen. Der Inhalt kann sodann beispielsweise auf einen Löffel oder in ein Trinkgefäß ausgeleert werden und anschließend eingenommen werden. Viele Patienten ziehen es vor, den Inhalt des Beutels direkt in die Mundhöhle auszudrücken und/oder den Beutel auszusaugen. Da die Siegelnähte relativ scharfkantig sind, wird die direkte Entnahme aus dem Beutel in den Mund als nicht sehr angenehm empfunden. Da die seitlichen Siegelnähte im Vergleich zu den Beutelfolien relativ steif sind, ist es für viele Patienten schwierig, die gesamte Dosis ohne Verlust einzunehmen, da es anscheinend Schwierigkeiten macht, die unterschiedliche Steifigkeit der Beutelfolie im Bereich der Öffnung mit der Sensorik der Lippen korrekt zu erfühlen. Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung war es, eine Beutelverpackung für Einzeldosen von flüssigen, oral einzunehmenden Arzneimitteln zur Verfügung zu stellen, die von den Patienten ohne Schwierigkeiten einzunehmen ist.Numerous medications are taken orally in liquid form. Et al about the dosing accuracy increase, to avoid hygiene problems and to have single doses available everywhere liquid medication provided in plastic bags. Especially with antacids, which in the As a rule, these formulations have proven to be very useful. Usually will these suspensions are provided in so-called four-edge sealed bags. Under four-edge sealed bags are bags that are formed by all-round sealing of two composite films become. These bags can be easily carried by the patient. By shaking or kneading the unopened bag it is easily possible to homogenize any suspensions that have settled. To take out the single dose, the bag is cut open or, if it has a tear-off device has torn open. The contents can then, for example, on a spoon or in a drinking vessel be emptied and then taken. Many patients prefer the Squeeze the contents of the bag directly into the oral cavity and / or suck out the bag. Since the Sealing seams are relatively sharp-edged, the direct removal from the bag into the mouth is considered not felt very pleasant. Because the side sealing seams are relatively stiff compared to the pouch films it is difficult for many patients to take the entire dose without loss as it appears Difficulties, the different stiffness of the bag film in the area of the opening to feel correctly with the sensor technology of the lips. The object of the present invention was a Pouch packaging for single doses of liquid oral medication is available too which the patient can easily take.

Es wurde nun überraschenderweise festgestellt, daß bei Verpackung von flüssigen, oral einzunehmenden Arzneimitteln in sogenannte Dreinahtschlauchfolienbeutel die Akzeptanz bei den Patienten erheblich ansteigt. Dreinahtschlauchfolienbeutel werden aus den üblichen Aluminiumverbundfolien durch Anbringen von endseitigen gesiegelten horizontalen Quernähten und einer vertikalgesiegelten Flachnaht hergestellt. Solche Dreinahtschlauchfolienbeutel werden bisher beispielsweise für Zucker- oder Butterportionen verwendet. Gegenstand der Erfindung ist eine Darreichungsform zur direkten oralen Einnahme eines flüssigen Arzneimittels, bestehend aus einem eine Einzeldosis des Arzneimittels enthaltenden, eine als gesiegelte Flachnaht ausgeführte Langsnant aufweisenden Dreinahtschlauchfolienbeutel aus Aluminiumverbundfolie. Weitere Gegenstände ergeben sich aus den Ansprüchen.It has now surprisingly been found that when packaging liquid, to be taken orally Medicines in so-called three-seam tubular film bags are accepted by the patients increases significantly. Three-seam tubular film bags are made from the usual aluminum composite films by attaching sealed horizontal transverse seams and a vertically sealed one Flat seam made. Such three-seam tubular film bags have hitherto been used, for example, for sugar or portions of butter used. The invention relates to a dosage form for direct oral intake of a liquid drug consisting of a single dose of the drug containing, a three-seam tubular film bag designed as a sealed flat seam Langsnant made of aluminum composite film. Further objects result from the claims.

Die Technik der Herstellung von Dreinahtschlauchfolienbeuteln und deren Befüllung sind dem Fachmann an sich bekannt. Als Material werden übliche Aluminiumfolien, die auf der Glanzseite gewünschtenfalls schutzlackiert oder papierbeschichtet sind und auf der Mattseite mit Kunststoff, vorzugsweise Polyethylen/Polyesterfolie kaschiert sind, verwendet. Die endständigen Siegelnähte sind als Doppelnähte (innen gegen innen) ausgeführt. Die Längsnaht wird nach den dem Fachmann geläufigen Techniken hergestellt. Sie wird beispielsweise als sogenannte Taping-Naht ausgeführt, bei der die stumpf aneinanderstoßenden Längsränder vorzugsweise von innen durch ein Siegelband verbunden sind. Die Längsnaht kann auch als Flachnaht mit Überlappung einer alufreien Zone ausgeführt werden.The technique of producing three-seam tubular film bags and their filling are known to the person skilled in the art known per se. The usual aluminum foils are used as material, if desired on the glossy side are protective lacquered or paper-coated and preferably on the matt side with plastic Polyethylene / polyester film are used. The final sealing seams are as Double stitching (inside against inside). The longitudinal seam is made according to those familiar to the person skilled in the art Techniques made. It is carried out, for example, as a so-called taping seam, in which the butt-jointed longitudinal edges preferably connected from the inside by a sealing tape are. The longitudinal seam can also be designed as a flat seam with an overlap of an aluminum-free zone.

Nachfolgend soll die Erfindung anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert werden. Fig. 1 zeigt eine Aufsicht auf die erfindungsgemäße Beutelverpackung. Fig. 2 zeigt eine Sicht auf die Rückseite einer erfindungsgemäßen Beutelverpackung. Fig. 3 zeigt eine Seitenansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Beutelverpackung.The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to drawings. Fig. 1 shows a top view on the bag packaging according to the invention. Fig. 2 shows a view of the back of an inventive Bag packing. 3 shows a side view of a bag packaging according to the invention.

Der in Fig. 1 dargestellte Dreinahtschlauchfolienbeutel 1 weist eine längliche im wesentlichen rechteckige Form auf. Die beiden schmalen Enden des schlauchartigen Gebildes sind jeweils durch Quersiegelnähte 2, 3 abgeschlossen. Eine der Quersiegelnähte 2, 3 beinhaltet einen kleinen Einschnitt 4, der zur Erleichterung des Öffnens des Dreinahtschlauchfolienbeutel 1 dient. Nach dem Abreißen des einen Endes des Dreinahtschlauchfolienbeutels kann der Inhalt durch Abstreifen vom anderen Ende des Dreinahtschlauchfolienbeutels 1 her in ein Auffanggefäß oder direkt in den Mund des Patienten geleert werden.The three-seam tubular film bag 1 shown in Fig. 1 has an elongated substantially rectangular Shape up. The two narrow ends of the tubular structure are each through transverse sealing seams 2, 3 completed. One of the transverse sealing seams 2, 3 contains a small incision 4, which serves to facilitate the opening of the three-seam tubular film bag 1. After tearing off the One end of the three-seam tubular film bag can be stripped from the other end of the three-seam tubular film bag 1 into a collecting vessel or directly into the patient's mouth be emptied.

Fig 2 zeigt die rückwärtige Seite einer Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Beutelverpackung. Hier ist die durch Siegeln erzeugte Längsnaht 5 zu erkennen, die die beiden Seiten der ursprünglichen Folienbahn verbindet. Diese Längsnaht 5 ist als Flachnaht oder als Taping-Naht ausgeführt.2 shows the rear side of an embodiment of a bag packaging according to the invention. Here you can see the longitudinal seam 5 created by sealing, which is the two sides of the original Foil web connects. This longitudinal seam 5 is designed as a flat seam or as a taping seam.

Aus der Fig. 3 ist in Zusammenschau mit der Fig. 1 die äußere Form der Beutelverpackung zu entnehmen. Sie stellt sich als längliches schlauchförmiges Gebilde mit im wesentlichen ovalen Querschnitt und flachen Enden dar.The outer shape of the bag packaging can be seen from FIG. 3 in conjunction with FIG. 1. It presents itself as an elongated tubular structure with an essentially oval cross section and flat ends.

Claims (8)

  1. Pharmaceutical form for the direct oral ingestion of a liquid medicinal product, consisting of a three-seamed tubular foil sachet (1) of aluminium foil containing an individual dose of the medicinal product and having a lengthwise seam (5) formed as a sealed flat seam.
  2. Pharmaceutical form according to Claim 1, characterized in that the three-seamed tubular foil sachet (1) has a length of from 4 to 16 cm, a width of from 1 to a maximum of 20 cm and a thickness of from 0.5 to 4 cm.
  3. Pharmaceutical form according to Claim 1, characterized in that the three-seamed tubular foil sachet (1) is suitable for containing from 4 to 20 ml of medicinal product.
  4. Pharmaceutical form according to Claim 1, characterized in that the three-seamed tubular foil sachet (1) is closed at each end by sealed transverse seams (2, 3).
  5. Pharmaceutical form according to Claim 4, characterized in that one of the transverse seams (2, 3) has a lateral incision (4) for opening.
  6. Pharmaceutical form according to Claim 1, characterized in that the lengthwise seam (5) is formed by sealing a lengthwise seam sealing strip onto the reciprocally abutting lengthwise edges (taping seam).
  7. Pharmaceutical form according to Claim 1, characterized in that the medicinal product supplied is an antacid.
  8. Pharmaceutical form according to Claim 7, characterized in that the medicinal product supplied is magaldrate.
EP94919679A 1993-07-07 1994-07-02 Sachet for liquid drugs Expired - Lifetime EP0705204B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4322572A DE4322572A1 (en) 1993-07-07 1993-07-07 Bag packaging for liquid pharmaceuticals
DE4322572 1993-07-07
PCT/EP1994/002170 WO1995001921A1 (en) 1993-07-07 1994-07-02 Sachet for liquid drugs

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0705204A1 EP0705204A1 (en) 1996-04-10
EP0705204B1 true EP0705204B1 (en) 2003-05-21

Family

ID=6492146

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94919679A Expired - Lifetime EP0705204B1 (en) 1993-07-07 1994-07-02 Sachet for liquid drugs

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0705204B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE240883T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4322572A1 (en)
DK (1) DK0705204T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2199962T3 (en)
PT (1) PT705204E (en)
WO (1) WO1995001921A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012152612A1 (en) 2011-05-06 2012-11-15 Bayer Consumer Care Ag Stick pack with applicator

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DE29602111U1 (en) * 1996-02-07 1997-06-05 Thera Ges Fuer Patente Tubular bags for flowable masses
AU5591499A (en) * 1998-08-07 2000-02-28 Christian Theodore Hattingh Oral pharmaceutical preparation dispenser
DE29907206U1 (en) 1999-04-26 1999-07-15 Hassia Verpackung Ag Tubular bag pack, in particular so-called cross-stitch pack
US7757855B2 (en) 2002-02-08 2010-07-20 The Procter & Gamble Company Sachet constructions
GB0208466D0 (en) * 2002-04-12 2002-05-22 Procter & Gamble Unit dose oral treatment products, kits and methods
EP1464587A1 (en) * 2003-03-28 2004-10-06 Alcan Packaging Italia S.r.l. Packaging of the stickpack type with improved opening and method for manufacturing the same
RS52233B (en) 2004-05-07 2012-10-31 Nycomed Gmbh Farmaceutical dosage form comprising pellets as well as its manufacturing process
AU2005290612B8 (en) 2004-10-01 2009-06-04 Orihiro Co., Ltd. Pillow packaging bag, pillow type packaging body, heat seal bar for pillow packaging machine, and pillow packaging machine
FR2879958B1 (en) * 2004-12-28 2007-03-16 Socoplan Soc Par Actions Simpl METHOD FOR MAKING A SOFT MATERIAL BAG COMPRISING A SHAPED SEALING AREA
WO2010019074A1 (en) 2008-08-14 2010-02-18 Ankudinov Vladimir Aleksandrov Package for paste-like products
AU2010365770B2 (en) 2010-12-22 2015-04-09 Colgate-Palmolive Company Oral care kit
TWI605837B (en) * 2011-01-27 2017-11-21 Kowa Co Ltd Pharmaceutical composition containing water-insoluble drug and pharmaceutical preparation
CN103459264A (en) 2011-04-15 2013-12-18 高露洁-棕榄公司 Oral care kit
US20140353336A1 (en) * 2011-10-28 2014-12-04 General Mills, Inc. Dispenser
EP2756841B1 (en) 2013-01-21 2015-05-13 Galenicum Health S.L. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising an acid salt
EP2764875A1 (en) 2013-02-06 2014-08-13 Galenicum Health S.L. Process for preparing a stable pharmaceutical composition comprising dexketoprofen trometamol
ES2612238T3 (en) 2014-02-27 2017-05-12 Galenicum Health S.L. Stable pharmaceutical compositions
EP2918268A1 (en) 2014-03-10 2015-09-16 Galenicum Health S.L. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising an active agent
EP2949318A1 (en) 2014-05-26 2015-12-02 Galenicum Health S.L. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising racecadotril
EP3863626A1 (en) 2018-10-09 2021-08-18 Aziende Chimiche Riunite Angelini Francesco A.C.R.A.F. S.p.A. Oral liquid composition comprising triptan

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US2430995A (en) * 1942-12-31 1947-11-18 Roos William Lawrence End-sealed thermoplastic container body
US2706039A (en) * 1951-08-31 1955-04-12 Aviat Developments Ltd Packaging and packs
AU649754B2 (en) * 1991-01-09 1994-06-02 Sig Schweizerische Industrie-Gesellschaft A pouch package with a tear open facility

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012152612A1 (en) 2011-05-06 2012-11-15 Bayer Consumer Care Ag Stick pack with applicator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK0705204T3 (en) 2003-09-08
PT705204E (en) 2003-09-30
DE59410290D1 (en) 2003-06-26
DE4322572A1 (en) 1995-01-12
WO1995001921A1 (en) 1995-01-19
ATE240883T1 (en) 2003-06-15
ES2199962T3 (en) 2004-03-01
EP0705204A1 (en) 1996-04-10

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