EP0700551B1 - Process and device on board a vehicle for electronically charging for the use of toll roads - Google Patents
Process and device on board a vehicle for electronically charging for the use of toll roads Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0700551B1 EP0700551B1 EP94916142A EP94916142A EP0700551B1 EP 0700551 B1 EP0700551 B1 EP 0700551B1 EP 94916142 A EP94916142 A EP 94916142A EP 94916142 A EP94916142 A EP 94916142A EP 0700551 B1 EP0700551 B1 EP 0700551B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- vehicle
- signal
- utilisation
- card
- transmitting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07B—TICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
- G07B15/00—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
- G07B15/06—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems
- G07B15/063—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems using wireless information transmission between the vehicle and a fixed station
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for electronic billing of the use of toll routes and a device in a vehicle for carrying out the method.
- EP-A-0 425 961 a method for the electronic internal billing of the use of toll routes is known. It is an automatic debiting system based on the installation of an extensive infrastructure within the toll road network, i.e. All entry and exit points must be equipped with complex equipment technology.
- the vehicle itself has a wireless receiving device, the information received for the identification of chargeable distances is evaluated by a computing device in order to initiate the automatic debiting of the usage fees incurred from a storage device (value storage card).
- EP-A-0 508 405 proposes the use of a position detection system based on satellite navigation in a vehicle.
- the invention has for its object to provide a system, i.e. To create a method and device for in-vehicle booking of user fees for toll routes, which does not require any additional data for its function, which must be transmitted by transmission devices to be installed in the road network.
- the device for the electronic billing of, for example, motorway tolls is essentially housed in a single closed housing 1 in a vehicle.
- the core of the device is a computing device 2, which is connected in terms of data technology to a storage device 6 and a card reading / writing device 5.
- a receiver 3 is connected to the computing device 2 for receiving data, which are sent by a satellite navigation system (eg GPS) and are used in the computing device 2 to determine the current vehicle position.
- a satellite navigation system eg GPS
- the storage tariffs 6 also store the currently valid route tariffs.
- the associated usage fee is determined by the computing unit 2 and displayed on a display 7 in a manner that is readable for the driver of the vehicle.
- the card reader / writer 5 carries out a corresponding booking on a value memory card 8, which is preferably designed as a smart card and on which the driver's current charge credit is stored. After the respective usage fee has been debited, the remaining credit can again be shown to the driver on the display 7.
- the housing 1, in which almost all required device components are housed, is secured (not shown) by an electronically monitored seal against unauthorized opening.
- a breach of the lead seal would be recognized immediately by the computing unit 2, which is equipped with a corresponding additional function, and would either be stored on the storage device 6 for storing the data that was used for the purpose of securing evidence (for example, time and error code to identify the type of manipulation) or lead on the chip card 8.
- the housing 1 is monitored for unauthorized opening by non-contact distance sensors 9.
- Corresponding interventions which lead to a change of some kind in the device configuration, would in turn be immediately signaled to the computing device 2.
- all device components are provided with a secret data identifier, which is checked by the central computing device 2 at short time intervals. An unauthorized component replacement would in turn be recognized as manipulation.
- a signal device 4 is connected to the computing device.
- This signaling device 4 is here an HF transceiver or an HF transponder, which can signal an appropriate query from the outside as to whether a correct operating state is present or not.
- a corresponding out-of-order signal is continuous, i.e. is delivered without a special query.
- Abusive users of a toll route are differentiated between non-paying and wrong paying.
- Non-payers either have no installation unit or a defective, possibly manipulated installation unit or no valid prepaid card.
- Counterfeiters belong to the category of those who are have assigned an incorrect fee category, e.g. if a truck is driving at the car tariff.
- the modulation of the self-diagnosis signal prevents road users from pretending that the usage accounting system in their vehicle is functioning properly with a self-developed transponder system.
- an optical or acoustic signal generator in the vehicle equipped with a usage billing device, which is activated by the computing device of the billing device in the event of a fault and indicates to the driver that the implemented diagnostic routine has discovered a faulty operating state. The driver can then react before entering a toll zone in order to restore or have the normal operating status restored (e.g. visiting a service workshop).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Finance (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Devices For Checking Fares Or Tickets At Control Points (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur elektronischen Abrechnung der Nutzung gebührenpflichtiger Wegstrecken und eine Einrichtung in einem Fahrzeug zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for electronic billing of the use of toll routes and a device in a vehicle for carrying out the method.
Aus der EP-A-0 425 961 ist ein Verfahren zur fahrzeuginternen elektronischen Abrechnung der Nutzung gebührenpflichtiger Wegstrecken bekannt. Es handelt sich dabei um ein automatisches Abbuchungssystem, das auf der Installation einer umfangreichen Infrastruktur innerhalb des gebührenpflichtigen Straßennetzes basiert, d.h. alle Ein- und Ausfahrtstellen müssen mit einer aufwendigen Gerätetechnik ausgerüstet sein. Das Fahrzeug selbst weist eine drahtlose Empfangseinrichtung auf, deren empfangene Informationen zur Identifizierung gebührenpflichtiger Wegstrecken von einer Recheneinrichtung aus gewertet werden, um die automatische Abbuchung der anfallenden Nutzungsgebühren von einer Speichereinrichtung (Wertspeicherkarte) zu veranlassen.From EP-A-0 425 961 a method for the electronic internal billing of the use of toll routes is known. It is an automatic debiting system based on the installation of an extensive infrastructure within the toll road network, i.e. All entry and exit points must be equipped with complex equipment technology. The vehicle itself has a wireless receiving device, the information received for the identification of chargeable distances is evaluated by a computing device in order to initiate the automatic debiting of the usage fees incurred from a storage device (value storage card).
Durch die EP-A-0 508 405 wird die Verwendung eines auf Satellitennavigation basierenden Positionserfassungssystems in einem Fahrzeug vorgeschlagen.EP-A-0 508 405 proposes the use of a position detection system based on satellite navigation in a vehicle.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein System, d.h. Verfahren und Einrichtung zur fahrzeuginternen Verbuchung von Benutzungsgebühren für gebührenpflichtige Wegstrecken zu schaffen, das zu seiner Funktion keine zusätzlichen Daten benötigt, die durch im Straßennetz zu installierende Sendeeinrichtungen übertragen werden müssen.The invention has for its object to provide a system, i.e. To create a method and device for in-vehicle booking of user fees for toll routes, which does not require any additional data for its function, which must be transmitted by transmission devices to be installed in the road network.
Diese Aufgabe wird hinsichtlich des Verfahrens erfindungsgemäß mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.
Die weitere Ausbildung des Verfahrens geht aus den Merkmalen der Unteransprüche 2-5 hervor.This object is achieved according to the invention with the features of patent claim 1.
The further development of the method is evident from the features of subclaims 2-5.
Hinsichtlich der Einrichtung wird die Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß durch die im Patentanspruch 6 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.
Die weitere Ausbildung der Einrichtung geht aus den Merkmalen der Unteransprüche 7 bis 11 hervor.With regard to the device, the object is achieved according to the invention by the features specified in claim 6.
The further development of the device is evident from the features of
Die Erfindung wird anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels, das in einer einzigen Figur schematisch dargestellt ist, nachfolgend näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of an exemplary embodiment which is shown schematically in a single figure.
Die Einrichtung zur elektronischen Abrechnung von beispielsweise Autobahnbenutzungsgebühren ist im wesentlichen in einem einzigen geschlossenen Gehäuse 1 in einem Fahrzeug untergebracht. Kern der Einrichtung ist eine Recheneinrichtung 2, die mit einer Speichereinrichtung 6 und einer Kartenlese/Schreibeinrichtung 5 datentechnisch verbunden ist. Weiterhin ist an die Recheneinrichtung 2 ein Empfänger 3 für den Empfang von Daten angeschlossen, die von einem Satellitennavigationssystem (z.B. GPS) gesendet werden und in der Recheneinrichtung 2 zur Ermittlung der aktuellen Fahrzeugposition herangezogen werden. In der Speichereinrichtung 6 sind neben geographischen Daten zur eindeutigen Identifizierung der gebührenpflichtigen Autobahnteilstrecken auch die aktuell gültigen Streckentarife abgelegt. Sobald die Recheneinheit das Einfahren in eine neue gebührenpflichtige Teilstrecke festgestellt hat, wird die Ermittlung der zugehörigen Benutzungsgebühr von der Recheneinheit 2 vorgenommen und auf einem Display 7 für den Fahrer des Fahrzeugs lesbar angezeigt. Außerdem erfolgt über die Kartenlese/Schreibeinrichtung 5 eine entsprechende Verbuchung auf einer Wertspeicherkarte 8, die vorzugsweise als Smart-Karte ausgebildet ist und auf der das aktuelle Gebührenguthaben des Fahrers gespeichert ist. Nach Abbuchung der jeweiligen Nutzungsgebühr kann das noch verbleibende Wertguthaben dem Fahrer wiederum über das Display 7 angezeigt werden. Das Gehäuse 1, in dem fast alle benötigten Gerätekomponenten untergebracht sind, ist (nicht dargestellt) durch eine elektronisch überwachte Verplombung gegen unbefugtes Öffnen gesichert. Eine Verletzung der Verplombung würde sofort von der Recheneinheit 2, die mit einer entsprechenden Zusatzfunktion ausgestattet ist, erkannt werden und würde zu einer Speicherung der diesen Eingriff digagnostizierenden Daten zur Beweissicherung (z.B. Zeitpunkt und Fahlercode zur Kennzeichnung der Art der Manipulation) entweder auf der Speichereinrichtung 6 oder auf der Chip-Karte 8 führen. Zusätzlich wird das Gehäuse 1 durch berührungslos arbeitende Abstandssensoren 9 auf ein unberechtigtes Öffnen überwacht. Entsprechende Eingriffe, die zu einer irgendwie gearteten Veränderung der Gerätekonfiguration führen, würden wiederum sofort als Signal an die Recheneinrichtung 2 gemeldet. Darüber hinaus sind alle Gerätekomponenten mit einer geheimen Datenkennung versehen, die von der zentralen Recheneinrichtung 2 in kurzen Zeitabständen überprüft wird. Ein unberechtigter Komponentenaustausch würde sofort wiederum als Manipulation erkannt werden.The device for the electronic billing of, for example, motorway tolls is essentially housed in a single closed housing 1 in a vehicle. The core of the device is a
Um die Funktionstüchtigkeit der Einrichtung jederzeit von außerhalb des Fahrzeugs überprüfen zu können, ist eine Signaleinrichtung 4 mit der Recheneinrichtung verbunden. Diese Signaleinrichtung 4 ist hier eine HF-Sende/Empfangseinrichtung bzw. ein HF-Transponder, der auf eine entsprechende von außen kommende Abfrage signalisieren kann, ob ein ordnungsgemäßer Betriebszustand vorliegt oder nicht. Es kann aber auch vorgesehen sein, daß ein entsprechendes Nicht-In-Ordnung-Signal fortlaufend, d.h. ohne besondere Abfrage abgegeben wird.In order to be able to check the functionality of the device at any time from outside the vehicle, a signal device 4 is connected to the computing device. This signaling device 4 is here an HF transceiver or an HF transponder, which can signal an appropriate query from the outside as to whether a correct operating state is present or not. However, it can also be provided that a corresponding out-of-order signal is continuous, i.e. is delivered without a special query.
Mißbräuchliche Nutzer einer gebührenpflichtigen Wegstrecke werden unterschieden nach Nichtzahlern und Falschzahlern. Nichtzahler besitzen entweder keine Einbaueinheit oder eine defekte evtl. manipulierte Einbaueinheit oder keine gültige Wertkarte. Falschzahler gehören zur Kategorie derer, die sich einer falschen Gebührenklasse zugeordnet haben,z.B. wenn ein LKW zum PKW-Tarif fährt.Abusive users of a toll route are differentiated between non-paying and wrong paying. Non-payers either have no installation unit or a defective, possibly manipulated installation unit or no valid prepaid card. Counterfeiters belong to the category of those who are have assigned an incorrect fee category, e.g. if a truck is driving at the car tariff.
Die Kontrolle der Funktionstüchtigkeit des im Fahrzeug untergebrachten Nutzungsabrechnungssystems erfolgt über die Auswertung der Zustände der einzelnen Komponenten über eine logische UND-Verknüpfung (z.B. "Antennensignal in Ordnung" UND "Chip-Karte in Ordnung" UND "Abbuchung in Ordnung"). Die Auswertung ergibt einen übergeordneten binären Zustand "System in Ordnung/System nicht in Ordnung".
Die über die Signaleinrichtung 4 bzw. den HF-Transponder erfolgende Abfrage, die von einer externen Kontrolleinheit vorgenommen wird, die beispielsweise am Straßenrand oder auf einer Brücke befestigt sein kann, geschieht in der Weise, daß mittels des Transponders ein Selbstdiagnose-Signal z.B. mit der Frequenz von 5,8 GHz generiert wird und nach Empfang eines von der Kontrolleinheit ausgesandten Signals, das z.B. ebenfalls die Frequenz von 5,8 GHz hat, zurückgesendet wird. Dieses Selbstdiagnose-Signal kann in unterschiedlicher Form vorliegen.
- 1. Im Zustand "System in Ordnung" wird nach Abfrage ein codiertes HF-Signal ausgesandt, z.B. durch Modulation über ein festgelegtes Tastverhältnis.
Im Zustand "System nicht in Ordnung", also bei Ausfall von nur einer funktionsrelevanten Komponente, wird kein Signal ausgesandt. - 2. Im Zustand "System in Ordnung" und auch im Zustand "System nicht in Ordnung" wird nach Abfrage ein codiertes HF-Signal ausgesendet. Die Codierung ergibt sich z.B. aus der Modulation über ein bestimmtes Tastverhältnis, welches aus den Betriebszuständen aller Systemkomponenten resultiert.
Ein System, welches nach externer Abfrage kein Signal aussendet (z.B. bei Nichtvorhandensein einer Einbaueinheit zur Nutzungsabrechnung) erhält automatisch den Status "System nicht in Ordnung", und der Verkehrsteilnehmer wird dann als Nichtzahler eingestuft.
The query that takes place via the signaling device 4 or the HF transponder, which is carried out by an external control unit, which can be fastened, for example, on the roadside or on a bridge, is done in such a way that a self-diagnosis signal, for example with the 5.8 GHz frequency is generated and is sent back after receiving a signal sent by the control unit, which also has a frequency of 5.8 GHz, for example. This self-diagnosis signal can exist in different forms.
- 1. In the "System OK" state, a coded RF signal is sent out after being queried, for example by modulation over a fixed duty cycle.
No signal is sent in the "System not OK" state, that is, if only one functionally relevant component fails. - 2. In the "System OK" state and also in the "System not OK" state, a coded RF signal is transmitted after being queried. The coding results, for example, from the modulation over a certain duty cycle, which results from the operating states of all system components.
A system that does not send a signal after an external query (for example, in the absence of a built-in unit for usage billing) automatically receives the status "system not in order", and the road user is then classified as a non-payer.
Zur Modulation des Selbstdiagnose-Signals können insbesondere folgende Eingangsgrößen herangezogen werden:
- 1. Bei Verwendung von Satellitendaten ist es zweckmäßig, die Anzahl der momentan empfangenen Satelliten als Modulationsgrundlage zu nutzen.
- 2. Das Signal eines in der GPS-Antenne integrierten Sensors, der überprüft, ob die Antenne manipuliert ist, um einen Signalempfang zu verhindern (GPS=Global Positioning System).
- 3. Die Funktionsbereitschaft des Chip-Kartenlesers.
- 4. Der Kreditstatus der Chip-Karte.
- 5. Die Tarifklasse des Fahrzeugs (LKW oder PKW).
- 1. When using satellite data, it is advisable to use the number of satellites currently being received as a modulation basis.
- 2. The signal of a sensor integrated in the GPS antenna, which checks whether the antenna has been manipulated to prevent signal reception (GPS = Global Positioning System).
- 3. The operational readiness of the chip card reader.
- 4. The credit status of the chip card.
- 5. The tariff class of the vehicle (truck or car).
Die Modulation des Selbstdiagnose-Signals verhindert, daß Verkehrsteilnehmer die Funktionstüchtigkeit des in ihrem Fahrzeug befindlichen Nutzungsabrechnungssystems mit einem selbstentwickelten Transpondersystems vortäuschen können.The modulation of the self-diagnosis signal prevents road users from pretending that the usage accounting system in their vehicle is functioning properly with a self-developed transponder system.
Es ist zweckmäßig, in dem mit einer Nutzungsabrechnungseinrichtung ausgestatteten Fahrzeug zusätzlich einen optischen oder akustischen Signalgeber vorzusehen, der von der Recheneinrichtung der Abrechnungseinrichtung im Fehlerfall aktiviert wird und dem Fahrer anzeigt, daß die implementierte Diagnoseroutine einen fehlerhaften Betriebszustand entdeckt hat. Der Fahrer kann dann schon, bevor er in eine gebührenpflichtige Zone einfährt, reagieren, um den ordnungsgemäßen Betriebszustand wiederherzustellen oder wiederherstellen zu lassen (z.B. Aufsuchen einer Service-Werkstätte).It is expedient to additionally provide an optical or acoustic signal generator in the vehicle equipped with a usage billing device, which is activated by the computing device of the billing device in the event of a fault and indicates to the driver that the implemented diagnostic routine has discovered a faulty operating state. The driver can then react before entering a toll zone in order to restore or have the normal operating status restored (e.g. visiting a service workshop).
Claims (11)
- Process for the settlement of charges by electronic means for the utilisation of toll routes, in which information for detecting the actual geographical vehicle position is received by wireless means in the vehicle, toll routes are identified in the vehicle and utilisation charges are accordingly determined on the basis of route tariffs stored in the vehicle and are logged in a storage device, for example a chip card, in the vehicle, wherein, in order to check that the process is functioning or the device or its components required for this process is/are serviceable, the operating state thereof is diagnosed in the vehicle and a check item authorising interrogation is transmitted by wireless means.
- Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the diagnostic data of the individual components of the utilisation charge settlement device are numerically acquired, coded and emitted as a modulated HF, IR or ultrasonic signal.
- Process according to claim 2, characterised in that the emission of the diagnostic signal produced in the vehicle from a stationary or mobile transmitting/receiving station is activated by a HF, an IR or an ultrasonic signal.
- Process according to one of claims 2 and 3, characterised in that satellite data, e.g. vehicle position, time, position accuracy and/or number and identification code of the received satellites are used for superimposition on the signal in a satellite navigation-based utilisation charge settlement system.
- Process according to one of claims 2 and 3, characterised in that, in the case of a utilisation charge settlement system which adjusts the user's credit balance on the basis of chip cards, the credit balance status (credit available/used up) and the serviceability of the card read/write station (chip card in/not in card reader) are used for superimposition on the signal.
- Device in a vehicle for carrying out the process presented in the preceding claims, wherein the device comprises the following instrument components:- a receiving device (3) for the wireless reception of information for detecting the actual geographical vehicle position,- a calculating device (2) for identifying toll routes used by the vehicle,- a logging device for logging the utilisation charges which comprises a storage device (6) for storing identifying geographical data and route tariffs, a value storage card (8) and a card read/write device (5), and- a signal device (4) which is connected to the calculating device (2) and via which diagnostic data providing information on the serviceability of the device or its individual components can be interrogated by wireless means.
- Device according to claim 6, characterised in that the signal device (4) is a HF transmitting/receiving device.
- Device according to claim 6, characterised in that the signal device (4) is an IR transmitting/receiving device.
- Device according to claim 6, characterised in that the signal device (4) is an ultrasonic transmitting/receiving device.
- Device according to one of claims 6 - 9, characterised in that the receiving device (3) is formed as a device for satellite navigation, and that the signal device (4) is adapted to modulate the interrogated diagnostic signal via satellite data such as, for example, vehicle position, time, position accuracy and/or number and identification code of the received satellites.
- Device according to one of claims 1 - 10, characterised in that, upon diagnosing a faulty operating state, the calculating device (2) activates an optical or acoustic signal transmitter which can be perceived by the driver of the vehicle.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4318355 | 1993-05-28 | ||
| DE4318355 | 1993-05-28 | ||
| PCT/DE1994/000608 WO1994028514A1 (en) | 1993-05-28 | 1994-05-26 | Process and device on board a vehicle for electronically charging for the use of toll roads |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0700551A1 EP0700551A1 (en) | 1996-03-13 |
| EP0700551B1 true EP0700551B1 (en) | 1997-11-05 |
Family
ID=6489477
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP94916142A Expired - Lifetime EP0700551B1 (en) | 1993-05-28 | 1994-05-26 | Process and device on board a vehicle for electronically charging for the use of toll roads |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0700551B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE160037T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU6793294A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59404540D1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1994028514A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4344433B4 (en) * | 1993-12-24 | 2004-09-30 | T-Mobile Deutschland Gmbh | Registration system and method for motorway tolls using an electronic vignette |
| US5694322A (en) * | 1995-05-09 | 1997-12-02 | Highwaymaster Communications, Inc. | Method and apparatus for determining tax of a vehicle |
| EP0817134A3 (en) * | 1996-07-05 | 1999-10-27 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Apparatus for determining the distance travelled by a motor vehicle |
| GB2326009A (en) * | 1997-06-02 | 1998-12-09 | Freshfield Communciations Limi | Data processing device for use in a vehicle |
| NZ513910A (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2001-09-28 | John David Bell | System for electronic payment and monitoring of fees |
| GB0322675D0 (en) * | 2003-09-27 | 2003-10-29 | Wallach Jonathan | Fine preventer |
| FR2912577B1 (en) * | 2007-02-13 | 2010-09-17 | Thales Sa | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR DIAGNOSING A RADIO COMMUNICATION MODULE, ESPECIALLY ADAPTED TO FIXED RADIO COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT INCLUDED IN TELEPHONE SYSTEMS. |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2501396B1 (en) * | 1981-03-05 | 1985-10-11 | Dassault Electronique | ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM, PARTICULARLY FOR PASSING TOLL POINTS |
| GB8913399D0 (en) * | 1989-06-10 | 1989-08-02 | Hunter Geoffrey S R | Apparatus for use in metering vehicle travel |
| IT1236633B (en) * | 1989-10-25 | 1993-03-25 | AUTOMATIC TOLL Collection System | |
| IE913689A1 (en) * | 1990-10-24 | 1992-05-22 | Richard Fairfax Bird | Road use charging apparatus |
| DE4039887A1 (en) * | 1990-12-13 | 1992-06-17 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | VEHICLE GUIDE AND GUIDE SYSTEM |
| DE69220705T2 (en) * | 1991-04-12 | 1998-01-22 | Sharp Kk | Positioning system and GPS receiver |
-
1994
- 1994-05-26 AU AU67932/94A patent/AU6793294A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-05-26 DE DE59404540T patent/DE59404540D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-26 AT AT94916142T patent/ATE160037T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-05-26 EP EP94916142A patent/EP0700551B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-26 WO PCT/DE1994/000608 patent/WO1994028514A1/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU6793294A (en) | 1994-12-20 |
| EP0700551A1 (en) | 1996-03-13 |
| WO1994028514A1 (en) | 1994-12-08 |
| ATE160037T1 (en) | 1997-11-15 |
| DE59404540D1 (en) | 1997-12-11 |
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| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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| 17P | Request for examination filed |
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