EP0695582B1 - Method and device for coating electrostatically and/or pneumatically a conductive substrate with a liquid coating product - Google Patents

Method and device for coating electrostatically and/or pneumatically a conductive substrate with a liquid coating product Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0695582B1
EP0695582B1 EP94109125A EP94109125A EP0695582B1 EP 0695582 B1 EP0695582 B1 EP 0695582B1 EP 94109125 A EP94109125 A EP 94109125A EP 94109125 A EP94109125 A EP 94109125A EP 0695582 B1 EP0695582 B1 EP 0695582B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
spray cone
directed
accordance
bell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94109125A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0695582A1 (en
Inventor
Friedrich-Wilhelmdr. Behrens
Christian Voye
Uwe Hornig
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Inpro Innovationsgesellschaft fuer Fortgeschrittene Produktionssysteme in der Fahrzeugindustrie mbH
Original Assignee
Inpro Innovationsgesellschaft fuer Fortgeschrittene Produktionssysteme in der Fahrzeugindustrie mbH
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Priority to EP94109125A priority Critical patent/EP0695582B1/en
Priority to DE59408862T priority patent/DE59408862D1/en
Publication of EP0695582A1 publication Critical patent/EP0695582A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0695582B1 publication Critical patent/EP0695582B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/04—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces
    • B05B5/0426—Means for supplying shaping gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B3/00—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements
    • B05B3/02—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements
    • B05B3/10—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements discharging over substantially the whole periphery of the rotating member, i.e. the spraying being effected by centrifugal forces
    • B05B3/1064—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements discharging over substantially the whole periphery of the rotating member, i.e. the spraying being effected by centrifugal forces the liquid or other fluent material to be sprayed being axially supplied to the rotating member through a hollow rotating shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B3/00—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements
    • B05B3/02—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements
    • B05B3/10—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements discharging over substantially the whole periphery of the rotating member, i.e. the spraying being effected by centrifugal forces
    • B05B3/1092—Means for supplying shaping gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/04—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces
    • B05B5/0403—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces characterised by the rotating member
    • B05B5/0407—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces characterised by the rotating member with a spraying edge, e.g. like a cup or a bell
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
    • B05D1/04—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying involving the use of an electrostatic field
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/04—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases
    • B05D3/0406—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases the gas being air
    • B05D3/042—Directing or stopping the fluid to be coated with air

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for electrostatic and / or pneumatic application of liquid coating agents on conductive substrates, in particular from Metallic basecoats on automotive components, in which the liquid Paint to produce a spray cone on the substrate electrostatically and / or pneumatically sprayed and Air flows directed parallel to the surface of the spray cone be generated.
  • the invention further relates to a device for electrostatic Application of liquid coating agents conductive substrates, especially metallic basecoats on automotive components, with one connected as an electrode High-speed rotary atomizer bell, from one to the substrate directed bell-like paint spray cone can be generated, switched with additional electrodes or as an electrode High-speed rotary atomizer bell and with the high-speed rotary atomizer bell arranged compressed air nozzles for generation of directed parallel to the surface of the spray cone Air flows (steering air), the high-rotation atomizer bell and the substrate is movable relative to one another.
  • the invention further relates to a device for pneumatic Application of liquid coating agents conductive substrates, especially metallic basecoats on automotive components, with an electrostatic device having pneumatic atomizer, from its horn air a paint spray cone directed towards the substrate can be generated, and with compressed air nozzles arranged on the pneumatic atomizer to generate the surface of the spray cone parallel, directed air flows, with the pneumatic atomizer and the substrate is movable relative to one another are.
  • Liquid coating agents can be of various types and Way to be applied to substrates. That's how it is applied generally thin coating agents, such as liquid paints by spraying onto a surface to be coated Well known substrate.
  • This is pneumatic Manner, e.g. with compressed air, the liquid paint through on the nozzle to be painted is finely atomized and sprayed on the object.
  • This method yields a directed flow of the paint particles on the Substrate surface, with the larger paint particles knock down on the surface and form a lacquer film.
  • the air used for spraying must be on the side of drain off the substrate and leads to very finely divided paint particles past the substrate into the surrounding airspace.
  • This paint mist is called overspray. He can ever after the choice of the process parameters considerable amounts of sprayed paint material include, for example between 40 and 90%. This overspray portion has to be absorbed in a complex manner and be disposed of.
  • EP-A-216 173 device of the type mentioned electrostatic application of liquid coating media to conductive substrates is one as an electrode switched atomizer head, inside which the coating agent is supplied is drivingly coupled with a turbine air jet engine. By centrifugal force the coating agent is transported outside to the edge of the atomizer head and atomized there into a multitude of fine droplet threads.
  • the switched as an electrode The atomizer head charges the resulting mist of the coating agent by means of electrical voltage electrostatically, the substrate to be coated acting as a counter electrode.
  • At least one compressed air nozzle is arranged on each side of the atomizer head Generate droplets of the spray cone to direct air streams to the substrate.
  • Spray cone is rotationally symmetrical and consists of mist from the coating agent on the jacket and is practically low on the inside.
  • Avoiding negative pressure can, if necessary, lead air into the interior of the spray cone become.
  • the paint particles in this case are directed onto the substrate by the electric field lines. By this process can achieve a high degree of separation of the paint.
  • the overspray portion is only up to 40%. However, this share is still to be absorbed and closed to dispose.
  • the air supply nozzles around the rotary bell for The spray cone is generally ring-shaped.
  • a nozzle as a ring around the Atomizer device attached This nozzle is intended for air supply for swirling cleaning fluid serve when changing the paint.
  • the nozzle envelops the spray element Completely.
  • the invention has for its object a method and a device for electrostatic and / or pneumatic Application of coating liquids according to of the type mentioned at the beginning, with the one or the reduced compared to the prior art Proportion of overspray generated is the number of layers of the same coating agent can be reduced. Especially should apply when applying a coating agent on the Basis of effect paints when producing only a small one Overspray share a good training of the effect, e.g. of Metallic effect can be achieved.
  • the one or more essentially semicircular around the high-speed rotary atomizer bell arranged nozzles each have an air flow against the Straighten and distract generated paint spray cone and the substrate to be coated being on the side of the high-speed rotary atomizer bell, the opposite to the semicircular arranged nozzles is corresponding to the latter Side of the high-speed rotary atomizer bell moved becomes.
  • the method according to the invention it becomes rotationally symmetrical generated paint mist bell from one side or more directed air jets and the Shape of the paint mist bell changed asymmetrically.
  • the air vents are arranged on one side around the rotating bell, in particular, they can be part-circular around the rotary bell be arranged, e.g. semicircular. Is preferred it is possible to provide several rows of nozzles. The rows of nozzles are in contrast to the enveloping air jacket of the rotating bell not parallel to the surface of the rotating bell aligned, but they point inclined to that Inside the spray bell. Through the generated additional air flows it is possible to use the spray bell asymmetrical e.g. deform egg-shaped.
  • the finer paint mist particles are deflected more than the coarser particles, so that a deformation of the spray pattern so it is done on the opposite of the air nozzles lying side preferably deposited finer paint droplets be while on the side of the additional Air supply preferentially separated coarser droplets become.
  • the additional air flow increases the velocity component of the drops on the workpiece there.
  • the strength of the air flow from a nozzle depend on the location of the air nozzle. In particular, should the airflow in the middle of the semicircular arrangement be the strongest. It is also possible to change the direction the air nozzle depending on the position of the nozzle the semicircular ring. It is preferred that the angle of the additional air nozzle on the paint spray bell is more inclined in the middle of the semicircle than on the edges. With these two measures, one targeted alignment of the spray cone can be achieved.
  • the direction of movement has to be such that in operation the outer air nozzles first the finer Get droplets on the substrate and then the coarser ones Paint droplets.
  • the movement should be as even as possible. she can can be generated by known methods.
  • the substrate can be guided past solid spray elements on the other hand it is also possible to use the Spray organs e.g. computer controlled on the to be coated Bring the substrate past. Procedures for this are in the Technology generally known.
  • Coating agents are known in principle. It is a matter of the usual coating agents based on solvent-based, but especially of aqueous coating media.
  • the viscosity of the coating agent is the spraying organ customized. This can be done by known measures, e.g. Dilute with water or solvent or by changing the temperature happen.
  • the coating agents can be so-called Trade fillers, basecoats or clearcoats.
  • the substrates to be coated are all conductive Suitable objects that either have an intrinsic conductivity own or with a conductive coating have been.
  • Examples of such substrates are conductive plastics, metals, especially iron, aluminum or magnesium. If necessary, a mixed construction of the substrate.
  • the method according to the invention is suitable for spray application various coating agents.
  • various coating agents In particular it is in the Multi-layer painting in the automotive or automotive supply industry used.
  • the advantage is that with the inventive method a constant order picture of to be applied coating agent is obtained because only low air vortices arise and only a reduced amount of overspray portion of the paint.
  • the overspray portion by the inventive method reduced to less than 30% of the paint material used become. Because of the increased amount applied, it is if possible, the number of coats of one Reduce paint layer. The reduced overspray content is less likely to contaminate the paint booth or the substrate.
  • the method according to the invention enables the use of effect paints, in particular metallic effect paints achieving excellent effects training, e.g. excellent metallic effects training.
  • This excellent metallic effect is with conventional ones Procedures only with a significantly higher one Obtain share of overspray.
  • an additional supply of air into the interior of the Paint fog bell provided that a device for Control of the corresponding air flow has. This facility ensures that the airflow is only so strong that there is no negative pressure in the middle of the paint mist bell and a pulsation of the bell shape is avoided.
  • the device has at least one prefers several additional nozzles on one Side of the device, preferably part-circular around the Rotation bell are arranged. If necessary, the included angles can also be selected larger than 180 °, for a half-sided complete wrapping and To deflect the spray cone.
  • the nozzles are open align the spray cone and deflect it. It can also use multiple semicircular sets of air jets be provided. The air nozzles are fixed to the device attached, they do not rotate with the rotating bell.
  • nozzles can be used, e.g. point-shaped nozzles, slit-shaped nozzles or semi-circular ones Nozzles.
  • At the air supply for the nozzles to provide a control device with which the air speed and the amount of air can be affected. These parameters depend on the shape of the paint mist bell dependent. The person skilled in the art can use them in a few experiments determine the spray pattern.
  • the inner and outer air supply i.e. the air supply outside of the high-speed rotary atomizer bell arranged on one side Air nozzles and the air supply to the interior of the high-speed rotary atomizer bell are combined and can be easily be carried out simultaneously.
  • the device for electrostatic Apply coating liquids on a conductive substrate 1 a high-speed rotary atomizer bell 2, which is connected as an electrode and a Has suspension in which a paint supply 4 is provided is.
  • a high-speed rotary atomizer bell 2 On the jacket of the high-speed rotary atomizer bell 2 furthermore an annular nozzle 3 for generating from the surface of the spray cone 8 parallel, directed air flows.
  • Air is supplied within the spray cone 8 can. Outside of the high-speed rotary atomizer bell 2 on one side inclined additional air nozzles 5 with Supply lines 6 arranged.
  • outside air nozzles 5 are stationary relative to the high-speed rotary atomizer bell 2 arranged, i.e. they do not rotate with the latter.
  • the additional air nozzles 5 are against the spray cone 8 directed by the exiting from the air nozzles 5 directed air flows receives the asymmetrical shape 7.
  • Fig. 2 shows a plan view of an embodiment of the Device in which a circular ring nozzle 5 outside the high-speed rotary atomizer bell 2 on one side is provided.
  • FIG 3 shows a further embodiment of the device with two outside of the high-speed rotary atomizer bell 2 the different sets of Air nozzles 5a, 5b.
  • These air nozzles 5a, 5b can be dependent from their position to the rotating bell be inclined and different amounts of air submit. For example, slot and round nozzles be provided.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 The respectively required common supply, control and fastening devices are shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 not shown.
  • FIG. 5 shows an alternative device according to the invention with a pneumatic atomizer having a housing 12 9, one directed towards the substrate 1 Spray cone 11 generated.
  • Air nozzles 13 come to the surface of the spray cone 11 parallel, directed air flows to limit the spray out.
  • Outside of the pneumatic atomizer 9, 6 illustrates, on one side at least an additional air nozzle 10 stationary with respect to the Pneumatic atomizer 9 arranged in such a way to the spray cone axis 14 is inclined that the spray cone through the Air flow 15 emerging from the additional air nozzle 10 is deformable into an asymmetrical spray cone 11.
  • the Paint supply 16 and the supply for the atomizing air 17 of the pneumatic atomizer 9, as shown in FIG. 6, provided centrally in the housing 12.
  • the substrate 1 and the Pneumatic atomizers 9 can be moved relative to one another.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum elektrostatischen und/oder pneumatischen Applizieren von flüssigen Überzugsmitteln auf leitfähige Substrate, insbesondere von Metallic-Basislacken auf Kfz-Bauteile, bei dem der flüssige Lack unter Erzeugung eines Spritzkegels auf das Substrat elektrostatisch und/oder pneumatisch verspritzt und parallel zur Oberfläche des Spritzkegels gerichtete Luftströme erzeugt werden.The invention relates to a method for electrostatic and / or pneumatic application of liquid coating agents on conductive substrates, in particular from Metallic basecoats on automotive components, in which the liquid Paint to produce a spray cone on the substrate electrostatically and / or pneumatically sprayed and Air flows directed parallel to the surface of the spray cone be generated.

Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin eine Vorrichtung zur elektrostatischen Applikation von flüssigen Überzugsmitteln auf leitfähige Substrate, insbesondere von Metallic-Basislacken auf Kfz-Bauteile, mit einer als Elektrode geschalteten Hochrotationszerstäuberglocke, von der ein zum Substrat gerichteter glockenartiger Lackspritzkegel erzeugbar ist, mit zusätzlichen Elektroden oder als Elektrode geschaltete Hochrotationszerstäuberglocke und mit an der Hochrotationszerstäuberglocke angeordneten Druckluftdüsen zur Erzeugung von zur Oberfläche des Spritzkegels parallelen, gerichteten Luftströmen (Lenkluft), wobei die Hochrotationszerstäuberglocke und das Substrat relativ zueinander bewegbar sind.The invention further relates to a device for electrostatic Application of liquid coating agents conductive substrates, especially metallic basecoats on automotive components, with one connected as an electrode High-speed rotary atomizer bell, from one to the substrate directed bell-like paint spray cone can be generated, switched with additional electrodes or as an electrode High-speed rotary atomizer bell and with the high-speed rotary atomizer bell arranged compressed air nozzles for generation of directed parallel to the surface of the spray cone Air flows (steering air), the high-rotation atomizer bell and the substrate is movable relative to one another.

Die Erfindung betrifft ferner eine Vorrichtung zur pneumatischen Applikation von flüssigen Überzugsmitteln auf leitfähige Substrate, insbesondere von Metallic-Basislacken auf Kfz-Bauteile, mit einem eine elektrostatische Einrichtung aufweisenden Pneumatikzerstäuber, von dessen Hornluft ein zum Substrat gerichteter Lackspritzkegel erzeugbar ist, und mit am Pneumatikzerstäuber angeordneten Druckluftdüsen zur Erzeugung von zur Oberfläche des Spritzkegels parallelen, gerichteten Luftströmen, wobei der Pneumatikzerstäuber und das Substrat relativ zueinander bewegbar sind.The invention further relates to a device for pneumatic Application of liquid coating agents conductive substrates, especially metallic basecoats on automotive components, with an electrostatic device having pneumatic atomizer, from its horn air a paint spray cone directed towards the substrate can be generated, and with compressed air nozzles arranged on the pneumatic atomizer to generate the surface of the spray cone parallel, directed air flows, with the pneumatic atomizer and the substrate is movable relative to one another are.

Flüssige Überzugsmittel können auf verschiedene Art und Weise auf Substrate appliziert werden. So ist das Applizieren im allgemeinen dünnflüssiger Überzugsmittel, wie flüssiger Lacke mittels Spritzen auf ein zu beschichtendes Substrat hinlänglich bekannt. Hierbei wird auf pneumatische Weise, z.B. mit Druckluft, der flüssige Lack durch eine auf das zu lackierende Objekt gerichtete Düse fein zerstäubt und auf dem Objekt versprüht. Bei diesem Verfahren ergibt sich eine gerichtete Strömung der Lackpartikel auf die Substratoberfläche, wobei sich die größeren Lackpartikel auf der Oberfläche niederschlagen und einen Lackfilm ergeben. Die zum Versprühen verwendete Luft muß seitlich von dem Substrat abfließen und führt sehr feinverteilte Lackpartikel am Substrat vorbei in den umgebenden Luftraum. Dieser Lacknebel wird als Overspray bezeichnet. Er kann je nach Wahl der Verfahrensparameter erhebliche Mengen des versprühten Lackmaterials umfassen, beispielsweise zwischen 40 und 90 %. Dieser Oversprayanteil muß aufwendig aufgefangen und entsorgt werden.Liquid coating agents can be of various types and Way to be applied to substrates. That's how it is applied generally thin coating agents, such as liquid paints by spraying onto a surface to be coated Well known substrate. This is pneumatic Manner, e.g. with compressed air, the liquid paint through on the nozzle to be painted is finely atomized and sprayed on the object. This method yields a directed flow of the paint particles on the Substrate surface, with the larger paint particles knock down on the surface and form a lacquer film. The air used for spraying must be on the side of drain off the substrate and leads to very finely divided paint particles past the substrate into the surrounding airspace. This paint mist is called overspray. He can ever after the choice of the process parameters considerable amounts of sprayed paint material include, for example between 40 and 90%. This overspray portion has to be absorbed in a complex manner and be disposed of.

Ein derartiges Lackierverfahren hat jedoch den Vorteil, daß speziell bei Effektlacken, wie Metallic-Lacken, die als Grundlage zur Ausbildung des Effekts eine Ausrichtung der Pigmentteilchen im Lackfilm erfordern, ein hervorragender Effekt erreicht wird. Diesem positiven Effekt stehen jedoch die erheblichen Nachteile des hohen Oversprayanteils, der aus ökonomischen und Umweltschutzgründen möglichst vermieden werden sollte, entgegen. However, such a painting process has the advantage that especially for effect paints, such as metallic paints, which as Basis for training the effect of an alignment of the Pigment particles in the paint film require an excellent Effect is achieved. However, this positive effect stands the significant disadvantages of the high proportion of overspray that Avoided for economic and environmental reasons should be opposed.

Bei einer aus der EP-A-216 173 bekannten Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art zur elektrostatischen Applikation von flüssigen Überzugsmitteln auf leitfähige Substrate ist ein als Elektrode geschalteter Zerstäuberkopf, in dessen Innere das Uberzugsmittel zugeführt wird, mit einem Turbinenluftstrahlmotor antriebsmäßig gekoppelt. Durch die Zentrifugalkraft wird das Überzugsmittel nach außen an den Rand des Zerstäuberkopfes transportiert und dort zu einer Vielzahl feiner Tröpfchenfäden zerstäubt. Der als Elektrode geschaltete Zerstäuberkopf lädt mittels elektrischer Spannung den enststehenden Nebel des Überzugsmittels elektrostatisch auf , wobei das zu beschichtende Substrat als Gegenelektrode wirkt. An jeder Seite des Zerstäuberkopfes ist mindestens eine Druckluftdüse angeordnet, die Tröpfchenfäden des Spritzkegels zum Substrat lenkende Luftströme erzeugen. Der Spritzkegel ist rotationssymmetrisch und besteht am Mantel aus Nebel des Überzugsmittels und ist im Inneren praktisch überzugsmittelarm. Um im Inneren des Spritzkegels Unterdruck zu vermeiden, kann gegebenenfalls in das Innere des Spritzkegels Luft geleitet werden. Eine solche Vorrichtung ist in der DE-A 32 14 314 beschrieben. Die Lackteilchen werden in diesem Falle durch die elektrischen Feldlinien auf das Substrat gerichtet. Durch dieses Verfahren kann ein hoher Abscheidegrad des Lacks erreicht werden. Der Oversprayanteil beträgt nur noch bis zu 40%. Dieser Anteil ist jedoch noch aufzufangen und zu entsorgen.In a known from EP-A-216 173 device of the type mentioned electrostatic application of liquid coating media to conductive substrates is one as an electrode switched atomizer head, inside which the coating agent is supplied is drivingly coupled with a turbine air jet engine. By centrifugal force the coating agent is transported outside to the edge of the atomizer head and atomized there into a multitude of fine droplet threads. The switched as an electrode The atomizer head charges the resulting mist of the coating agent by means of electrical voltage electrostatically, the substrate to be coated acting as a counter electrode. At least one compressed air nozzle is arranged on each side of the atomizer head Generate droplets of the spray cone to direct air streams to the substrate. Of the Spray cone is rotationally symmetrical and consists of mist from the coating agent on the jacket and is practically low on the inside. To inside the spray cone Avoiding negative pressure can, if necessary, lead air into the interior of the spray cone become. Such a device is described in DE-A 32 14 314. The paint particles in this case are directed onto the substrate by the electric field lines. By this process can achieve a high degree of separation of the paint. The overspray portion is only up to 40%. However, this share is still to be absorbed and closed to dispose.

Ein weiterer Nachteil dieses Lackierverfahrens mit erhöhter Ausbeute besteht jedoch darin, daß bei Metallic-Lacken die Ausrichtung der Metallic-Teilchen zur Oberfläche des Substrats nur im geringen Maße gewährleistet wird. Der gewünschte Effekt des Metallic-Flops wird also nur zum geringen Teil erreicht. Aus diesem Grunde ist es nicht möglich, mit diesem Lackierverfabren, optisch hervorragende Effektlackfilme zu erhalten. Another disadvantage of this painting process with increased yield is, however, that with metallic paints the alignment of the metallic particles to the surface of the substrate is only guaranteed to a small extent. The desired effect of the metallic flop is therefore only achieved to a small extent. Because of this, it is not possible with this Varnishing process to obtain optically excellent effect varnish films.

Die Düsen der Luftzuführung um die Rotationsglocke zum Umhüllen des Spritzkegels sind im allgemeinen ringförmig. Nach der DE-A 37 20 200 wird z.B. eine Düse als Ring um die Zerstäubervorrichtung angebracht. Diese Düse soll bei Luftzuführung für eine Verwirbelung von Reinigungsflüssigkeit bei einem Lackwechsel dienen. Die Düse umhüllt das Sprühorgan vollständig.The air supply nozzles around the rotary bell for The spray cone is generally ring-shaped. According to DE-A 37 20 200, e.g. a nozzle as a ring around the Atomizer device attached. This nozzle is intended for air supply for swirling cleaning fluid serve when changing the paint. The nozzle envelops the spray element Completely.

In der Praxis werden Verfahren eingesetzt, den Lack, im speziellen den Metallic-Basislack, in mehreren Schichten zu applizieren. Zuerst wird eine erste Schicht mit einer elektrostatisch unterstützten Rotationsglocke aufgetragen (ESTA-Lackierung), und nach einer gewissen Abdunstphase werden weitere Lackschichten mittels pneumatischer Zerstäubung aufgetragen. Auf diese Weise wird ein homogen beschichtetes Substrat erhalten, das auch einen guten Metallic-Effekt aufweist. Der Oversprayanteil bei diesem kombinierten Auftragsverfahren liegt aber immer noch bis zu 45 Gew.-% und erfordert technische Maßnahmen zur Luftreinigung.In practice, processes are used, the paint, in the metallic basecoat, in several layers apply. First, a first layer with an electrostatic supported rotating bell applied (ESTA painting), and after a certain evaporation phase are further layers of paint by means of pneumatic atomization applied. This way one becomes homogeneous get coated substrate, which is also a good one Has a metallic effect. The overspray portion of this combined order process is still up to 45% by weight and requires technical measures for air purification.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum elektrostatischen und/oder pneumatischen Applizieren von Beschichtungsflüssigkeiten gemäß der eingangs erwähnten Art zur Verfügung zu stellen, mit dem bzw. der bei einem gegenüber dem Stand der Technik verminderten Anteil an erzeugtem Overspray die Anzahl der nacheinander auf das Substrat aufzutragenden Schichten des gleichen Überzugsmittels verringert werden kann. Insbesondere soll bei der Applikation eines Überzugsmittels auf der Basis von Effektlacken bei Erzeugung eines nur geringen Oversprayanteils eine gute Ausbildung des Effekts, z.B. des Metallic-Effekts erzielt werden.The invention has for its object a method and a device for electrostatic and / or pneumatic Application of coating liquids according to of the type mentioned at the beginning, with the one or the reduced compared to the prior art Proportion of overspray generated is the number of layers of the same coating agent can be reduced. Especially should apply when applying a coating agent on the Basis of effect paints when producing only a small one Overspray share a good training of the effect, e.g. of Metallic effect can be achieved.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die technische Lehre des Patentanspruchs 1 bzw. des Patentanspruchs 10 oder 11 gelöst.This object is achieved by the technical Teaching of claim 1 and claim 10 or 11 solved.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens und der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtungen ergeben sich aus den Patentansprüchen 2 bis 9 bzw. 12 bis 18.Advantageous further developments of the method according to the invention and the devices according to the invention from the claims 2 to 9 and 12 to 18.

Erfindungsgemäß wird das zu applizierende Überzugsmittel mittels der elektrostatischen unterstützten Hochrotationszerstäuberglocke zerstäubt und auf das zu lackierende Substrat gebracht, wobei die eine oder mehrere im wesentlichen halbkreisförmig um die Hochrotationszerstäuberglocke angeordneten Düsen jeweils einen Luftstrom gegen den erzeugten Lackspritzkegel richten und diesen ablenken und wobei das zu beschichtende Substrat von der Seite der Hochrotationszerstäuberglocke, die entgegengesetzt zu den halbkreisförmig angeordneten Düsen ist zu der letzteren entsprechenden Seite der Hochrotationszerstäuberglocke bewegt wird.According to the coating agent to be applied by means of the electrostatically supported high-speed rotary atomizer bell atomized and on the paint to be painted Bring substrate, the one or more essentially semicircular around the high-speed rotary atomizer bell arranged nozzles each have an air flow against the Straighten and distract generated paint spray cone and the substrate to be coated being on the side of the high-speed rotary atomizer bell, the opposite to the semicircular arranged nozzles is corresponding to the latter Side of the high-speed rotary atomizer bell moved becomes.

Vorzugsweise kann in das Innere des zum Substrat gerichteten Spritzkegels Druckluft mittels einer zwischen die Hochrotationszerstäuberglocke und das Substrat geführten Luftzuführung eingebracht werden, damit im Inneren des Spritzkegels kein Unterdruck gegenüber dem außen herrschenden Luftdruck entsteht. Hierbei werden turbulente Wolken von feinverteilten Lacknebeltröpfchen vermieden, die nicht auf das Substrat gelangen, sondern sich im Beschichtungsraum als Overspray verteilen.Preferably can be directed into the interior of the substrate Spray cone of compressed air by means of a between the high rotation atomizer bell and the substrate led air supply be introduced so that inside the spray cone no negative pressure compared to the outside Air pressure arises. Turbulent clouds of finely divided paint mist droplets avoided, which are not on the substrate arrive, but in the coating room spread as overspray.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird die rotationssymmetrisch erzeugte Lacknebelglocke einseitig von einem oder mehreren gerichteten Luftstrahlen beeinflußt und die Form der Lacknebelglocke unsymmetrisch verändert. Die Luftdüsen sind einseitig um die Rotationsglocke angeordnet, insbesondere können sie teilkreisförmig um die Rotationsglocke angeordnet sein, z.B. halbkreisförmig. Bevorzugt ist es möglich, mehrere Düsenreihen vorzusehen. Die Düsenreihen sind im Gegensatz zu dem umhüllenden Luftmantel der Rotationsglocke nicht parallel zu der Oberfläche der Rotationsglocke ausgerichtet, sondern sie zeigen geneigt auf das Innere der Sprühnebelglocke hin. Durch die erzeugten zusätzlichen Luftströme ist es möglich, die Sprühnebelglocke unsymmetrisch z.B. eiförmig zu verformen. Dabei werden die feineren Lacknebelteilchen stärker abgelenkt als die gröberen Teilchen, so daß eine Verformung des Sprühbildes so erfolgt, daß auf der entgegengesetzt zu den Luftdüsen liegenden Seite bevorzugt feinere Lacktröpfchen abgeschieden werden, während auf der Seite der zusätzlichen Luftzuführung bevorzugt gröbere Tröpfchen abgeschieden werden. Insbesondere erhöht die zusätzliche Luftströmung die Geschwindigkeitskomponente der Tropfen auf das Werkstück hin.In the method according to the invention, it becomes rotationally symmetrical generated paint mist bell from one side or more directed air jets and the Shape of the paint mist bell changed asymmetrically. The air vents are arranged on one side around the rotating bell, in particular, they can be part-circular around the rotary bell be arranged, e.g. semicircular. Is preferred it is possible to provide several rows of nozzles. The rows of nozzles are in contrast to the enveloping air jacket of the rotating bell not parallel to the surface of the rotating bell aligned, but they point inclined to that Inside the spray bell. Through the generated additional air flows it is possible to use the spray bell asymmetrical e.g. deform egg-shaped. Here the finer paint mist particles are deflected more than the coarser particles, so that a deformation of the spray pattern so it is done on the opposite of the air nozzles lying side preferably deposited finer paint droplets be while on the side of the additional Air supply preferentially separated coarser droplets become. In particular, the additional air flow increases the velocity component of the drops on the workpiece there.

Gegebenenfalls kann die Stärke des Luftstroms einer Düse von dem Ort der Luftdüse abhängig sein. Insbesondere sollte der Luftstrom in der Mitte der halbkreisförmigen Anordnung am stärksten sein. Weiterhin ist es möglich, die Richtung der Luftdüse in Abhängigkeit von der Position der Düse auf dem halbkreisförmigen Ring abzustimmen. Es ist bevorzugt, daß der Winkel der zusätzlichen Luftdüse auf die Lacksprühglocke in der Mitte des Halbkreises stärker geneigt ist als an den Rändern. Mit diesen beiden Maßnahmen kann eine gezielte Ausrichtung des Sprühnebelkegels erreicht werden.If necessary, the strength of the air flow from a nozzle depend on the location of the air nozzle. In particular, should the airflow in the middle of the semicircular arrangement be the strongest. It is also possible to change the direction the air nozzle depending on the position of the nozzle the semicircular ring. It is preferred that the angle of the additional air nozzle on the paint spray bell is more inclined in the middle of the semicircle than on the edges. With these two measures, one targeted alignment of the spray cone can be achieved.

Es können auch mindestens zwei verschiedene Teilkreise von zusätzlichen Luftdüsen um die Hochrotationszerstäuberglocke angeordnet sein. Dabei kann die Ausrichtung der einzelnen Luftdüsen sowie die Luftgeschwindigkeit an den verschiedenen Düsenreihen unterschiedlich gewählt werden. Es ist auch möglich, eine Luftzuführung in den Spritzkegel mit äußeren Luftdüsen zu kombinieren. Damit wird eine konstante, unsymmetrische nicht pulsierende Sprühnebelglocke erzeugt, die auch in bezug auf die Verteilung von größeren und kleineren Lacktröpfchen unsymmetrisch sein kann.There can also be at least two different partial circles of additional air nozzles around the high-speed rotary atomizer bell be arranged. The orientation of the individual Air jets as well as the air speed at the different Different nozzle rows can be selected. It is also possible to have an air supply in the spray cone to combine outer air vents. So that becomes a constant, asymmetrical, non-pulsating spray bell generated which also with respect to the distribution of larger and smaller droplets of paint should be asymmetrical can.

Um ein homogenes Beschichtungsbild des Substrats zu erhalten, werden das zu lackierende Substrat und der Hochrotationszerstäuber relativ gegeneinander bewegt. Erfindungsgemäß hat die Bewegungsrichtung so zu sein, daß in Betriebsetzung der außen liegenden Luftdüsen zuerst die feineren Tröpfchen auf das Substrat gelangen und danach die gröberen Lacktröpfchen.In order to obtain a homogeneous coating image of the substrate, become the substrate to be painted and the high-speed rotary atomizer moved relative to each other. According to the invention the direction of movement has to be such that in operation the outer air nozzles first the finer Get droplets on the substrate and then the coarser ones Paint droplets.

Die Bewegung soll möglichst gleichmäßig erfolgen. Sie kann durch bekannte Verfahren erzeugt werden. Beispielsweise kann das Substrat an festen Sprühorganen vorbeigeführt werden, auf der anderen Seite ist es auch möglich, die Sprühorgane z.B. computergesteuert an dem zu beschichtenden Substrat vorbeizuführen. Verfahren hierzu sind in der Technik allgemein bekannt.The movement should be as even as possible. she can can be generated by known methods. For example the substrate can be guided past solid spray elements on the other hand it is also possible to use the Spray organs e.g. computer controlled on the to be coated Bring the substrate past. Procedures for this are in the Technology generally known.

Die auf die erfindungsgemäße Art und Weise aufzutragenden Überzugsmittel sind im Prinzip bekannt. Es handelt sich um die üblichen Überzugsmittel auf Basis von lösungsmittelhaltigen, insbesondere jedoch von wäßrigen Überzugsmitteln. Die Viskosität der Überzugsmittel wird dem Spritzorgan angepaßt. Das kann durch bekannte Maßnahmen, z.B. Verdünnen mit Wasser oder Lösungsmittel oder durch Temperaturänderung geschehen. Bei den Überzugsmitteln kann es sich um sogenannte Füller, Basislacke oder Klarlacke handeln. Insbesondere ist das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Auftragen von Effektlacken geeignet, insbesondere von Metallic-Basislacken.Those to be applied in the manner according to the invention Coating agents are known in principle. It is a matter of the usual coating agents based on solvent-based, but especially of aqueous coating media. The viscosity of the coating agent is the spraying organ customized. This can be done by known measures, e.g. Dilute with water or solvent or by changing the temperature happen. The coating agents can be so-called Trade fillers, basecoats or clearcoats. Especially is the inventive method for applying Effect paints suitable, especially of metallic basecoats.

Als zu beschichtende Substrate sind alle leitfähigen Objekte geeignet, die entweder eine Eigenleitfähigkeit besitzen oder die mit einer leitfähigen Beschichtung versehen worden sind. Beispiele für solche Substrate sind leitfähige Kunststoffe, Metalle, insbesondere Eisen, Aluminium oder Magnesium. Gegebenenfalls kann auch eine gemischte Bauweise des Substrats vorliegen.The substrates to be coated are all conductive Suitable objects that either have an intrinsic conductivity own or with a conductive coating have been. Examples of such substrates are conductive plastics, metals, especially iron, aluminum or magnesium. If necessary, a mixed construction of the substrate.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren eignet sich zum Sprühauftrag verschiedener Überzugsmittel. Insbesondere wird es in der Mehrschichtlackierung bei der Automobil- oder Automobilzulieferindustrie eingesetzt. Von Vorteil ist, daß mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ein konstantes Auftragsbild des zu applizierenden Überzugsmittels erhalten wird, da nur geringe Luftwirbel entstehen und nur eine verminderte Menge von Oversprayanteil des Lacks anfällt. Überraschenderweise kann der Oversprayanteil durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren auf unter 30 % des eingesetzen Lackmaterials vermindert werden. Durch die erhöhte aufgetragene Menge ist es gegebenenfalls möglich, die Anzahl der Spritzgänge einer Lackschicht zu vermindern. Der verminderte Oversprayanteil kann weniger die Lackierkabine oder das Substrat verschmutzen.The method according to the invention is suitable for spray application various coating agents. In particular it is in the Multi-layer painting in the automotive or automotive supply industry used. The advantage is that with the inventive method a constant order picture of to be applied coating agent is obtained because only low air vortices arise and only a reduced amount of overspray portion of the paint. Surprisingly can the overspray portion by the inventive method reduced to less than 30% of the paint material used become. Because of the increased amount applied, it is if possible, the number of coats of one Reduce paint layer. The reduced overspray content is less likely to contaminate the paint booth or the substrate.

Gleichzeitig ermöglicht das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bei der Verwendung von Effektlacken, insbesondere von Metallic-Effektlacken die Erzielung einer hervorragenden Effektausbildung, z.B. einer hervorragenden Metallic-Effektausbildung. Dieser hervorragende Metallic-Effekt ist bei herkömmlichen Verfahrensweisen nur mit einem erheblich höheren Anteil an Overspray zu erhalten.At the same time, the method according to the invention enables the use of effect paints, in particular metallic effect paints achieving excellent effects training, e.g. excellent metallic effects training. This excellent metallic effect is with conventional ones Procedures only with a significantly higher one Obtain share of overspray.

Bei einer Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum elektrostatischen Applizieren von Überzugsmitteln ist mittig zusätzlich eine Zuführung von Luft in das Innere der Lacknebelglocke vorgesehen, die eine Einrichtung zum Steuern des entsprechenden Luftstroms aufweist. Diese Einrichtung sorgt dafür, daß der Luftstrom nur so stark ist, daß in der Mitte der Lacknebelglocke kein Unterdruck entsteht und ein Pulsieren der Glockenform vermieden wird.In one embodiment of the device according to the invention for the electrostatic application of coating agents in the middle an additional supply of air into the interior of the Paint fog bell provided that a device for Control of the corresponding air flow has. This facility ensures that the airflow is only so strong that there is no negative pressure in the middle of the paint mist bell and a pulsation of the bell shape is avoided.

Die genaue Luftmenge kann der Fachmann durch wenige Versuche ermitteln. Sie ist abhängig von den Parametern der Rotationsvorrichtung, z.B. Glockendurchmesser, Umdrehungsgeschwindigkeit, Lackviskosität.The person skilled in the art can determine the exact amount of air in a few experiments determine. It depends on the parameters of the Rotating device, e.g. Bell diameter, speed of rotation, Paint viscosity.

Erfindungsgemäß weist die Vorrichtung mindestens eine, bevorzugt mehrere zusätzliche Düsen auf, die auf einer Seite der Vorrichtung, bevorzugt teilkreisförmig um die Rotationsglocke angeordnet sind. Gegebenenfalls kann der eingeschlossene Winkel auch größer als 180° gewählt werden, um ein möglichst halbseitiges vollständiges Einhüllen und Ablenken des Spritzkegels zu erzielen. Die Düsen sind auf den Spritzkegel ausgerichtet und lenken diesen ab. Es können auch mehrere halbkreisförmige Sätze von Luftdüsen vorgesehen werden. Die Luftdüsen sind fest an der Vorrichtung angebracht, sie rotieren nicht mit der Rotationsglocke.According to the invention, the device has at least one prefers several additional nozzles on one Side of the device, preferably part-circular around the Rotation bell are arranged. If necessary, the included angles can also be selected larger than 180 °, for a half-sided complete wrapping and To deflect the spray cone. The nozzles are open align the spray cone and deflect it. It can also use multiple semicircular sets of air jets be provided. The air nozzles are fixed to the device attached, they do not rotate with the rotating bell.

Es können übliche bekannte Düsen verwendet werden, z.B. punktförmige Düsen, schlitzförmige Düsen oder halbkreisförmige Düsen. An der Zuführung der Luft für die Düsen ist eine Regeleinrichtung vorzusehen, mit der die Luftgeschwindigkeit und die Menge der Luft beeinflußt werden kann. Diese Parameter sind von der Form der Lacknebelglocke abhängig. Der Fachmann kann sie in wenigen Versuchen anhand des Spritzbildes ermitteln.Commonly known nozzles can be used, e.g. point-shaped nozzles, slit-shaped nozzles or semi-circular ones Nozzles. At the air supply for the nozzles to provide a control device with which the air speed and the amount of air can be affected. These parameters depend on the shape of the paint mist bell dependent. The person skilled in the art can use them in a few experiments determine the spray pattern.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist die innere und die äußere Luftzufuhr kombiniert, d.h. die Luftzuführung der außerhalb der Hochrotationszerstäuberglocke auf deren einer Seite angeordneten Luftdüsen und die Luftzuführung in das Innere der Hochrotationszerstäuberglocke sind kombiniert und können problemlos gleichzeitig durchgeführt werden.In a preferred embodiment of the invention Device is combined the inner and outer air supply, i.e. the air supply outside of the high-speed rotary atomizer bell arranged on one side Air nozzles and the air supply to the interior of the high-speed rotary atomizer bell are combined and can be easily be carried out simultaneously.

Die Erfindung wird nun anhand der Zeichnungen erläutert. In diesen sind:

  • Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung der Vorrichtung, wobei die Hochrotationszerstäuberglocke im Schnitt sowie der Spritzkegel in gestrichelter Linie und der verformte, abgelenkte Spritzkegel in durchgezogener Linie dargestellt sind,
  • Fig. 2 eine schematische Aufsicht auf die Hochrotationszerstäuberglocke und eine äußere kreisförmige Ringdüse einer anderen Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung,
  • Fig. 3 eine schematische Aufsicht auf die Hochrotationszerstäuberglocke und zwei unterschiedliche Sätze von Luftdüsen einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung,
  • Fig. 4 eine schematische Aufsicht auf die Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung nach Fig. 3 mit dem Sprühbild des unsymmetrischen Spritzkegels bei der Relativbewegung von Substrat und Hochrotationszerstäuberglocke,
  • Fig. 5 eine schematische Darstellung eines Pneumatikzerstäubers der alternativen erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit dem unsymmetrischen verformten Spritzkegel und
  • Fig. 6 eine schematische Aufsicht auf den Pneumatikzerstäuber.
    • The invention will now be explained with reference to the drawings. In these are:
  • 1 is a schematic representation of the device, the high-speed rotary atomizer bell in section and the spray cone in the broken line and the deformed, deflected spray cone in the solid line,
  • 2 shows a schematic plan view of the high-speed rotary atomizer bell and an outer circular ring nozzle of another embodiment of the device,
  • 3 shows a schematic top view of the high-speed rotary atomizer bell and two different sets of air nozzles of a further embodiment of the device,
  • 4 shows a schematic plan view of the embodiment of the device according to FIG. 3 with the spray pattern of the asymmetrical spray cone during the relative movement of the substrate and the high-speed rotary atomizer bell,
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of a pneumatic atomizer of the alternative device according to the invention with the asymmetrical deformed spray cone and
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic plan view of the pneumatic atomizer.

    • Wie Fig. 1 zeigt, weist die Vorrichtung zum elektrostatischen Applizieren von Beschichtungsflüssigkeiten auf ein leitfähiges Substrat 1 eine Hochrotationszerstäuberglocke 2 auf, die als Elektrode geschaltet ist und eine Aufhängung besitzt, in der eine Lackzuführung 4 vorgesehen ist. Am Mantel der Hochrotationszerstäuberglocke 2 ist weiterhin eine Ringdüse 3 zur Erzeugung von zur Oberfläche des Spritzkegels 8 parallelen, gerichteten Luftströmen vorgesehen. Es können auch zusätzliche Elektroden im Bereich der Hochrotationszerstäuberglocke 2 vorgesehen sein. In der Mitte der Rotationsglocke 1 ist ein Kanal 4 vorgesehen, durch den von einer nicht dargestellten Einrichtung gesteuerte Luft innerhalb des Spritzkegels 8 zugeführt werden kann. Außerhalb der Hochrotationszerstäuberglocke 2 sind auf deren einer Seite geneigte zusätzliche Luftdüsen 5 mit Zuleitungen 6 angeordnet. Diese außen liegenden Luftdüsen 5 sind relativ zur Hochrotationszerstäuberglocke 2 stationär angeordnet, d.h. sie rotieren nicht mit letzterer. Die zusätzlichen Luftdüsen 5 sind gegen den Spritzkegel 8 gerichtet, der durch die aus den Luftdüsen 5 austretenden gerichteten Luftströme die unsymmetrische Form 7 erhält.As shown in Fig. 1, the device for electrostatic Apply coating liquids on a conductive substrate 1 a high-speed rotary atomizer bell 2, which is connected as an electrode and a Has suspension in which a paint supply 4 is provided is. On the jacket of the high-speed rotary atomizer bell 2 furthermore an annular nozzle 3 for generating from the surface of the spray cone 8 parallel, directed air flows. There may also be additional electrodes in the area the high-speed rotary atomizer bell 2 can be provided. In the A channel 4 is provided in the middle of the rotating bell 1, by controlled by a device, not shown Air is supplied within the spray cone 8 can. Outside of the high-speed rotary atomizer bell 2 on one side inclined additional air nozzles 5 with Supply lines 6 arranged. These outside air nozzles 5 are stationary relative to the high-speed rotary atomizer bell 2 arranged, i.e. they do not rotate with the latter. The additional air nozzles 5 are against the spray cone 8 directed by the exiting from the air nozzles 5 directed air flows receives the asymmetrical shape 7.

    Fig. 2 zeigt eine Aufsicht auf eine Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung, bei der eine kreisförmige Ringdüse 5 außerhalb der Hochrotationszerstäuberglocke 2 auf deren einer Seite vorgesehen ist.Fig. 2 shows a plan view of an embodiment of the Device in which a circular ring nozzle 5 outside the high-speed rotary atomizer bell 2 on one side is provided.

    Fig. 3 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung mit zwei außerhalb der Hochrotationszerstäuberglocke 2 auf deren einer Seite vorgesehenen unterschiedlichen Sätzen von Luftdüsen 5a, 5b. Diese Luftdüsen 5a, 5b können in Abhängigkeit von ihrer Position zur Rotationsglocke unterschiedlich geneigt sein und unterschiedliche Luftmengen abgeben. Es können beispielsweise Schlitz- und Runddüsen vorgesehen sein.3 shows a further embodiment of the device with two outside of the high-speed rotary atomizer bell 2 the different sets of Air nozzles 5a, 5b. These air nozzles 5a, 5b can be dependent from their position to the rotating bell be inclined and different amounts of air submit. For example, slot and round nozzles be provided.

    Aus Fig. 4 geht das Sprühbild des unsymmetrisch verformten Spritzkegels hervor, wobei die Hochrotationszerstäuberglocke 2, die zusätzlichen Luftdüsen 5 sowie das Sprühbild 7 schematisch gezeigt sind. Bei 7a scheiden sich im wesentlichen die größeren Lacktröpfchen ab. Bei 7b scheiden sich die kleineren Lacktröpfchen der Lacknebelwolke ab. Die relative Bewegung des zu lackierenden Substrats 1 und der Hochrotationszerstäuberglocke 2 ist durch den Pfeil längs der Hauptachse des ellipsenartigen Sprühbildes 7 wiedergegeben.4 shows the spray pattern of the asymmetrically deformed one Spray cone emerges, the high-rotation atomizer bell 2, the additional air nozzles 5 and the spray pattern 7 are shown schematically. At 7a essentially differ the larger paint droplets. Divide at 7b the smaller paint droplets from the paint mist cloud. The relative movement of the substrate 1 to be painted and the Hochrotationszerstäuberglocke 2 is longitudinal by the arrow the main axis of the elliptical spray pattern 7 reproduced.

    Die jeweils erforderlichen gängigen Zuführungs-, Steuerungs- und Befestigungseinrichtungen sind in den Fig. 1 bis 4 nicht dargestellt.The respectively required common supply, control and fastening devices are shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 not shown.

    Aus Fig. 5 geht eine alternative erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung mit einem ein Gehäuse 12 aufweisenden Pneumatikzerstäuber 9 hervor, der einen auf das Substrat 1 gerichteten Spritzkegel 11 erzeugt. Aus am Pneumatikzerstäuber 9 vorgesehenen Luftdüsen 13 treten zur Oberfläche des Spritzkegels 11 parallele, gerichtete Luftströme zur Sprühnebelbegrenzung aus. Außerhalb des Pneumatikzerstäubers 9 ist, wie Fig. 6 verdeutlicht, auf dessen einer Seite mindestens eine zusätzliche Luftdüse 10 stationär in bezug auf den Pneumatikzerstäuber 9 angeordnet, die derart zur Spritzkegelachse 14 geneigt ist, daß der Spritzkegel durch den aus der zusätzlichen Luftdüse 10 austretenden Luftstrom 15 zu einem unsymmetrischen Spritzkegel 11 verformbar ist. Die Lackzuführung 16 und die Zuführung für die Zerstäuberluft 17 des Pneumatikzerstäubers 9 sind, wie Fig. 6 zeigt, mittig in dem Gehäuse 12 vorgesehen. Das Substrat 1 und der Pneumatikzerstäuber 9 sind relativ zueinander bewegbar.5 shows an alternative device according to the invention with a pneumatic atomizer having a housing 12 9, one directed towards the substrate 1 Spray cone 11 generated. Provided on the pneumatic atomizer 9 Air nozzles 13 come to the surface of the spray cone 11 parallel, directed air flows to limit the spray out. Outside of the pneumatic atomizer 9, 6 illustrates, on one side at least an additional air nozzle 10 stationary with respect to the Pneumatic atomizer 9 arranged in such a way to the spray cone axis 14 is inclined that the spray cone through the Air flow 15 emerging from the additional air nozzle 10 is deformable into an asymmetrical spray cone 11. The Paint supply 16 and the supply for the atomizing air 17 of the pneumatic atomizer 9, as shown in FIG. 6, provided centrally in the housing 12. The substrate 1 and the Pneumatic atomizers 9 can be moved relative to one another.

    Claims (18)

    1. Method and device for coating electrostatically and/or pneumatically a conductive substrate (1) with a liquid coating product, especially metallic base paints on car components, on which the liquid paint is through the production of a spray cone (8) electrostatically and/or pneumatically sprayed on the substrate (1) and air currents are produced which are directed parallel to the surface of the spray cone (8), characterized thereby that on one side external to the spray cone (8) at least one additionally directed air current (15) is applied by means of a nozzle (5/10), which is arranged stationary to the spray cone (8), and the asymmetric form (7/11a) of the latter is produced with such a deformation of the sprayed image that on the side (7b) of the sprayed image (7/11) which is opposite to the additionally directed air current and on the neighbouring side (7a) of the sprayed image (7) mainly finer or coarser paint droplets are precipitated on the substrate (1) and that the substrate (1) which will be coated or painted is moved relative to the asymmetrically deformed spray cone (7/11a) in such manner that at first the finer paint droplets are precipitated on the substrate (1) and then the coarser droplets are precipitated on the latter.
    2. Method in accordance with claim 1, characterized thereby that the spray cone (8) is deformed and takes on an egg-shape.
    3. Method in accordance with claim 1 or 2, characterized thereby that from the one side of the spray cone (8) several additional air currents (15) which are directed at an angle to the spray cone axis (14) are applied to the spray cone (8) from the outside for the asymmetric deformation of the latter.
    4. Method in accordance with one of the above claims, characterized thereby that the starting points (5/10) of the directed air currents (15) are arranged in a semicircle on one side of the spray cone (8).
    5. Method in accordance with claim 4, characterized thereby that the starting points (5/10) of the directed air currents (15) are arranged on one side of the spray cone (8) at several levels.
    6. Method in accordance with claims 4 and 5, characterized thereby that the starting points (5/10) of the directed air currents (12) are arranged radially to each other at different distances. thereby that the starting points (5/10) of the directed air currents (12) are arranged radially to each other at different distances.
    7. Method in accordance with claims 4, 5 or 6, characterized thereby that the angular adjustment of every directed additional air current (15) is chosen in relation to the axis (14) of the spray cone (8) in dependency on the position of the starting point (5/10) of this directed air current (15) in the semicircular arrangement of the starting points (5/10) of the multitude of directed air currents (15).
    8. Method in accordance with claim 7, characterized thereby that the directed air current (15), the starting point (5/10) of which lies in the middle of the semicircular arrangement of the starting points (5/10) of the multitude of the directed air currents (15), is more inclined on the spray cone (8) than the directed air currents, the starting point (5/10) of which is in each case at the edge of the semicircular arrangement of the starting points (5/10) of the multitude of the directed air currents (15).
    9. Method in accordance with one of the above claims, characterized thereby that a controlled air current (17) is led into the interior of the spray cone (8).
    10. Device for coating electrostatically a conductive substrate (1) with a liquid coating product, especially metallic base paints on car components, with a high-rotation diffuser bell (2) switched as an electrode from which a bell-like paint spray cone (8) can be produced which is directed to the substrate (1), with additional electrodes or a high-rotation diffuser bell (2) switched as an electrode and with pneumatic nozzles (13) arranged at the high-rotation diffuser bell (2) for the production of directed air currents (directed air) which are parallel to the surface of the spray cone (8) whereby the high-rotation diffuser bell (2) and the substrate (1) are movable relative to each other, characterized thereby that external to the high-rotation diffuser bell (2) on one of its sides at least one air nozzle (5) connected to a compressed air supply device (6) is arranged stationary to the high-rotation diffuser bell (2) and adjusted vis-à-vis the bell-like paint fog cone (8) produced by it at such an angle that the paint spray cone (8) is asymmetrically deformable by means of the compressed air flow from the air nozzle (5).
    11. Device for coating pneumatically a conductive substrate (1) with a liquid coating product, especially metallic base paints on car components, with a pneumatic diffuser (9), equipped with an electrostatic device, from the horn air of which a paint spray cone (11) can be produced which is directed to the substrate (1) and with at the pneumatic diffuser (9) arranged compressed air nozzles (13) for the production of parallel to the surface of the spray cone (11) directed air currents, whereby the pneumatic diffuser (9) and the substrate (1) are movable relative to each other, characterized thereby that external to the pneumatic diffuser (9) on one of its sides at least one air nozzle (10) connected to a compressed air supply device (10) is arranged stationary to the pneumatic diffuser (9) and adjusted vis-à-vis the paint fog cone (11) produced by it at such an angle that the paint spray cone (11) is asymmetrically deformable by means of the compressed air flow from the air nozzle (10).
    12. Device in accordance with claims 10 and 11, characterized thereby that a multitude of air nozzles (5 or 10) is on the one side of the spray cone (8 or 11) external to the high-rotation diffuser bell (2) or the pneumatic diffuser (9) stationary arranged in relation to it and at such an angle towards the spray cone axis (14) that the spray cone (8 or 11) is aysymmetrically deformable by the air currents (15) from the air nozzles (8 or 10).
    13. Device in accordance with claim 12, characterized thereby that the multitude of the air nozzles (5 or 10) is arranged in a semicircle on the one side of the spray cone (8 or 11).
    14. Device in accordance with claims 12 and 13, characterized thereby that the multitude of the air nozzles (5 or 10) is arranged on one side of the spray cone (8 or 11) at several levels.
    15. Device in accordance with claims 12 to 14, characterized thereby that the multitude of air nozzles (5 or 10) is arranged radially to each other at different distances.
    16. Device in accordance with claims 13 to 15, characterized thereby that the angular adjustment of every air nozzle (5 or 10) is in relation to the axis (14) of the spray cone (8 or 11) dependent on the position of this air nozzle (5 or 10) in the semicircular arrangement of the air nozzles (5 or 10).
    17. Method and device in accordance with claim 13, characterized thereby that the air nozzle which is arranged in the middle of the semicircular arrangement of the air nozzles (5 or 10) is more inclined on the spray cone (8 or 11) than the air nozzles (5 or 10) which are at the edge of the semicircular arrangement.
    18. Method and device in accordance with claim 10, characterized thereby that the supply (17) of compressed air is intended into the interior of the high-rotation diffuser bell (2).
    EP94109125A 1994-06-14 1994-06-14 Method and device for coating electrostatically and/or pneumatically a conductive substrate with a liquid coating product Expired - Lifetime EP0695582B1 (en)

    Priority Applications (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    EP94109125A EP0695582B1 (en) 1994-06-14 1994-06-14 Method and device for coating electrostatically and/or pneumatically a conductive substrate with a liquid coating product
    DE59408862T DE59408862D1 (en) 1994-06-14 1994-06-14 Method and device for the electrostatic and / or pneumatic application of liquid coating media to conductive substrates

    Applications Claiming Priority (1)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    EP94109125A EP0695582B1 (en) 1994-06-14 1994-06-14 Method and device for coating electrostatically and/or pneumatically a conductive substrate with a liquid coating product

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0695582A1 EP0695582A1 (en) 1996-02-07
    EP0695582B1 true EP0695582B1 (en) 1999-10-27

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    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP94109125A Expired - Lifetime EP0695582B1 (en) 1994-06-14 1994-06-14 Method and device for coating electrostatically and/or pneumatically a conductive substrate with a liquid coating product

    Country Status (2)

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    EP (1) EP0695582B1 (en)
    DE (1) DE59408862D1 (en)

    Families Citing this family (4)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    DE10202712A1 (en) 2002-01-24 2003-07-31 Duerr Systems Gmbh Method for controlling the spray jet width of an atomizer and atomizer for the serial coating of workpieces
    DE102006054786A1 (en) 2006-11-21 2008-05-29 Dürr Systems GmbH Operating method for a nebulizer and corresponding coating device
    DE102007006547B4 (en) 2007-02-09 2016-09-29 Dürr Systems GmbH Shaping air ring and corresponding coating method
    DE102011114382A1 (en) * 2011-09-23 2013-03-28 Dürr Systems GmbH Coating method and coating device with a compensation of asymmetry of the spray jet

    Family Cites Families (4)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    US2610092A (en) * 1950-10-26 1952-09-09 Spray Engineering Co Spray discharge nozzle
    CA1266561A (en) * 1985-08-26 1990-03-13 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Rotating spraying type coating apparatus
    DE3600920A1 (en) * 1986-01-15 1987-07-16 Mann Siegfried Spray head
    JP2640395B2 (en) * 1991-03-13 1997-08-13 日新製鋼株式会社 Dispersion resin film forming equipment

    Also Published As

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    DE59408862D1 (en) 1999-12-02
    EP0695582A1 (en) 1996-02-07

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