EP0694652B1 - Device for transmitting forces in civil engineering constructions - Google Patents

Device for transmitting forces in civil engineering constructions Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0694652B1
EP0694652B1 EP95401771A EP95401771A EP0694652B1 EP 0694652 B1 EP0694652 B1 EP 0694652B1 EP 95401771 A EP95401771 A EP 95401771A EP 95401771 A EP95401771 A EP 95401771A EP 0694652 B1 EP0694652 B1 EP 0694652B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bar
piston
perforated
axially
rigid
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EP95401771A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0694652A1 (en
Inventor
Carlos De La Fuente
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Freyssinet International STUP SA
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Freyssinet International STUP SA
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
    • E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
    • E04H9/0235—Anti-seismic devices with hydraulic or pneumatic damping

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to devices for transmission of forces for civil engineering works.
  • the bar which is intended to be attached to the first part of the work is generally directly attached to the piston, while the assembly of reception which is intended to be attached to the second part of work is generally constituted by the cylindrical pot in which the piston slides.
  • the object of the present invention is in particular to propose a force transmission device of the kind simple, inexpensive and reliable.
  • a device for effort transmission of the genre in question is essentially characterized in that the receiving assembly has an anchor block which is pierced with a passage center crossed by the bar, this central passage presenting two axial ends in the vicinity of which the central passage forms two divergent frustoconical housings towards the outside of said central passage, a bit frustoconical anchor being disposed in each housing tapered to be able to anchor the bar respectively in two opposite directions, two rigid openwork stops being arranged respectively on either side of the block anchoring, these perforated stops being freely traversed by the bar and joined together so as to form an axially floating equipment, means being provided to ensure normal axial positioning in normal times of this crew relative to the jaws, corresponding to the times at the axial juxtaposition of the openwork stops against the jaws and a freedom of sliding of the bar in these jaws in both directions, said crew being secured with one of the two elements constituted by the pot cylindrical and by the piston and the bar being secured with the other element.
  • the rigid bar can move freely slowly in the receiving assembly, the piston undergoing then corresponding displacements inside of its cylindrical pot without generating significant effort on the openwork stops, due to the slowness of the movement.
  • the axial forces exerted on the bar rigid are taken up by the frustoconical anchoring jaws and the associated restraint system, according to a proven technique, simple, efficient and reliable.
  • the set or sets of cylindrical pots and pistons do not take up significant effort, but serve only to wedge one of the frustoconical anchoring jaws during the application of an abrupt axial force on the rigid bar: these sets of cylindrical pots and pistons can therefore be sized to withstand relatively small efforts compared to the total effort that the force transmission device must resume, so these sets of cylindrical pots and pistons can be relatively simple and inexpensive.
  • the force transmission device aims to connect horizontally between them two parts of a civil engineering structure, such as two successive spans 1, 2 of the bridge deck 3, the force transmission device then being arranged at the joint between the two spans 1, 2, above one of the piers 3a of the bridge.
  • the force transmission device according to the invention can also be placed between one of the spans of the deck of bridge 3 and one of the abutments of this bridge, or between a span 2 of the bridge deck and a pylon when the bridge is of the guyed type.
  • the invention is however not limited to the transmission of forces between successive spans or between bridge spans and abutments, but applies on the contrary generally to the horizontal connections between two parts of a civil engineering structure which are susceptible to undergo relative movements.
  • the force transmission device comprises a rigid rectilinear bar 4 which, in the example in Figure 1, is intended to be fixed to bay 1 of the bridge deck.
  • This bar 4 slides in a rigid receiving assembly 5 which, in the example of the Figure 1, is intended to be fixed to the span 2 of the deck bridge and is partially arranged in a recess 2a of said span 2.
  • Bar 4 can be made of steel, and it may have a circular section having a diameter which can range for example from 30 mm to 150 mm or more, following the efforts it may have to resume.
  • This bar 4 extends along a horizontal axis 4a between a front end 4b threaded and an end rear 4c which is arranged inside the assembly reception 5.
  • the threaded front end 4b of the bar 4 receives a fastening part 4d fixed to a complementary member 1b secured to span 1 of the bridge deck, the fixing between these two parts which may consist in particular in an articulation around an axis 4f perpendicular to bar 4.
  • the reception assembly 5 in which slides the bar 4 has a plate of rigid fixing 6 fixed to span 2 of the bridge deck.
  • span 2 of the bridge deck is hollow, as in the example shown, the fixing of the plate 6 on span 2 can be obtained by means of prestressed 6a, which cross the plate 6 as well as the wall of span 2 of the deck, these prestressing bars 6a receiving at each of their ends nuts 6b which allow the plate 6 to be tightened against the span 2 of the bridge deck.
  • Plate 6 is pierced with a circular central hole threaded into which a first block is screwed anchor 7 rigid externally threaded.
  • the first anchor block 7 is pierced with a passage central crossed by bar 4, this central passage having a cylindrical part 7b towards its end front and a tapered housing 7a towards its end rear, which frustoconical housing diverges towards the rear.
  • a first frustoconical anchoring jaw 9 similar to the jaws usually used for cable anchoring or prestressing bars, this anchoring jaw being constituted of several angularly distributed rigid keys around the bar 4.
  • the frustoconical anchoring jaw 9 makes protruding rearwards out of the housing 7a.
  • This frustoconical jaw 9 is susceptible, in conditions which will be explained below, to anchor the bar 4 to anchor block 7 preventing by wedge effect said bar to move forward.
  • the reception assembly 5 also includes a second anchor block 8 which is attached to the first block 7 and which is fixed to it by screws (not shown).
  • the second anchor block 8 has a central passage arranged in the extension of the central passage of the first block 7, the central passage of the second block 8 having a cylindrical part 8b disposed opposite the part cylindrical 7b of the first anchor block 7, and a housing frustoconical 8a disposed at the front end of the second anchor block 8 and diverging forward.
  • a second identical frustoconical anchoring jaw 10 the first is arranged in the frustoconical housing 8a of the second anchor block and protrudes forward outside the housing 8a, this second frustoconical anchoring jaw being likely to anchor the bar 4 to prevent it to move backwards.
  • Two rigid stop rings 15, 16 are arranged respectively at the rear end of the first anchor block 7 and at the front end of the second block Anchor 8. A certain axial clearance is provided between the anchor blocks and thrust rings.
  • stop rings 15, 16 are crossed freely by bar 4, and they are connected between them by rigid rods 17 parallel to the bar 4 which slide axially in the first and second blocks anchor 7, 8, the rods 17 now a distance constant axial between the two abutment rings 15, 16.
  • the rods 17 are two in number and symmetrically arranged by compared to bar 4.
  • a metal helical spring 11 or similar, which surrounds the bar 4, is further arranged axially between the first and second frustoconical anchoring jaws 9, 10, so as to stress the two jaws respectively anchor, each against one of the stop rings.
  • Each rod 17 is fixed to a piston rod 18 rigid which is parallel to the bar 4 and which extends towards the rear beyond the rear end 4c of said bar 4.
  • each piston rod 18 is integral with a piston 19 which slides in a sealed cylindrical pot 20, separating this cylindrical pot in two separate compartments 20a, 20b by a throttled passage 24 formed between the piston and the side wall of the cylindrical pot.
  • the two compartments 20a, 20b of each pot cylindrical 20 and the throttled passage 24 are filled with a pasty material 23, plastic or oily, the volume of which global is invariable, and which is slowly deformable by to make slow piston movements possible 19 in pot 20, by means of a very small delivery velocity of pasty material through the choked passage 24, the rapid movements of said material in the constriction however, being impossible.
  • each cylindrical pot 20 is constituted by a cylindrical sleeve 26 at both ends of which are screwed two bottoms 27, 28 crossed by the piston rod 18, an annular seal 29 being provided for sealing between each bottom 27, 28 and the piston rod 18.
  • the bottom 27 of the cylindrical pot is screwed or fixed otherwise in a bore of a plate 21 which is fixed, for example by means of a screw 22, at the rear end 4c from bar 4.
  • Two rigid cylindrical tubes 12, 13, made in solid sheet metal, are screwed onto the first anchor block 7 on either side of the fixing plate 6, each of these rigid tubes supporting a guide ring, respectively 14a, 14b, which is crossed by the bar 4 and which guides this bar in axial sliding.
  • the guide rings 14a, 14b are arranged axially on either side of the stop rings 15, 16.
  • the guide ring 14b represents the end front of the receiving assembly 5, and it is made up preferably by a solid plate pierced only with a orifice to receive the bar 4. The ring 14b prevents thus any foreign body penetration in the whole 5, and any interference between the crown stop 16 and an external element.
  • the guide ring 14a for its part, is disposed behind the thrust ring 15, and it is also in the form of a solid plate pierced only with a hole for the passage of the bar 4 and orifices for the passage of the piston rods 18.
  • a rigid protective cover 25 is fixed at the rear end of the tube 12, for example by screwing, this protective cover having a side wall cylindrical full and a bottom also full, so to protect sets of pistons and cylindrical pots 19, 20 and the piston rods 18.
  • the sets of cylindrical pots and pistons 19, 20 can optionally be three or more, and be distributed angularly around the bar 4, the rods 17 and 18 being in same number as the sets of cylindrical pots and pistons.
  • the force transmission device operates as follows.
  • anchor jaws 9 and 10 do not block the bar 4 and it slides slowly in the receiving assembly 5.
  • Bar 4 therefore slides freely throughout reception 5, on a total stroke which can go, depending on the case, for example from 100 to 1000 mm and can be worth about 200 mm in a particular case.
  • the bar 4 is therefore immediately secured to the reception assembly 5, and this very effectively.
  • the axial tensile or compressive force which can be picked up by the transmission device efforts according to the invention can range for example from a few tens to a few hundred tonnes, and can worth around 150 tonnes in a particular case.
  • the force transmission device according to the invention does not necessarily directly link one to the other the two parts of the work considered: it is possible indeed to provide a damper between the force transmission device according to the invention and one or the other of the two parts of the work.
  • the front end of the bar 4 can be fixed to a end of a shock absorber 30, the other end of which is attached to one of the two parts of the work to be joined, by example a bridge la abutment 3, the reception assembly 5 then being fixed to a span 2 of the bridge deck.
  • the damper 30 in question can for example be a corrugated metal piece that absorbs energy by plasticization of the metal in case of relative displacement violent between the two parts of the work, for example during an earthquake.
  • anchor blocks 7, 8 of the example just described could be possibly made in one piece, and that the first block, or possibly both blocks, could be formed in one piece with the plate 6.
  • the first arrangement considerably reduces the overall length of the transmission device effort by placing the cylindrical pots either in the axial extension of the central bar, but around this bar.
  • the pots 20 can then serve themselves rigid spacers connecting the stops together openwork 15, 16 (we speak here rather of "openwork stops” as “thrust crowns” to designate said parts 15 and 16, because they are no longer of revolution here).
  • the guide rings 14a and 14b of the bar 4 are mounted on the anchor block 8 using screws 31 through rigid spacer sleeves 32 which freely pass through the perforated stops 15 and 16.
  • Each member 36 includes a compression spring 36a (for example a stack of Belleville washers) mounted around the outer portion of a screw 36b screwed in block 8 and freely crossing one of the two stops openwork 15, 16, said outer portion being included between said stop and the enlarged head 36c of the screw.
  • a compression spring 36a for example a stack of Belleville washers
  • the springs 36 are calibrated so that the floating crew is normally in a position mean axial for which the different parts 35, 9, 10, 15 and 16 are juxtaposed axially, one against the other, but without there being any wedging between a jaw and the bar, vis-à-vis relatively slow movements of this bar in these bit.
  • the immobilizer relative of the pistons 19 in the pots 20 has the effect of instantly secure the floating crew with said bar and therefore to stress axially one of the two jaws 9 and 10 when sinking into its frustoconical housing, this which ensures an immediate blocking of the bar relative to the block 8 and therefore an immediate joining of the part structure 1 with structure part 33.
  • the above force transmission device described is coupled to a second identical device, and these two devices equip a flat support for civil engineering structure, support comprising two portions superimposed along a horizontal sliding face.
  • these two portions constitute the two parts of work 1 and 2 (or 33) above and the two devices are placed, in parallel one to the other, on each side of the support.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne les dispositifs de transmission d'efforts pour ouvrages de génie civil.The present invention relates to devices for transmission of forces for civil engineering works.

Plus particulièrement, l'invention est relative à de tels dispositifs destinés à relier horizontalement des première et deuxième parties d'un ouvrage de génie civil, ces dispositifs comportant :

  • une barre rectiligne rigide destinée à être fixée à la première partie de l'ouvrage et s'étendant selon un axe horizontal,
  • un ensemble de réception rigide qui reçoit la barre et qui est destiné à être fixé à la deuxième partie de l'ouvrage, la barre pouvant coulisser axialement lentement dans l'ensemble de réception mais étant empêchée de coulisser rapidement,
le dispositif incluant au moins un piston qui coulisse dans un pot cylindrique étanche en suivant le mouvement relatif de la barre et de l'ensemble de réception, ce piston séparant le pot cylindrique en deux compartiments qui communiquent ensemble par un passage étranglé et qui sont remplis d'une masse de matériau incompressible et lentement déformable.More particularly, the invention relates to such devices intended to horizontally connect first and second parts of a civil engineering structure, these devices comprising:
  • a rigid rectilinear bar intended to be fixed to the first part of the structure and extending along a horizontal axis,
  • a rigid receiving assembly which receives the bar and which is intended to be fixed to the second part of the structure, the bar being able to slide axially slowly in the receiving assembly but being prevented from sliding quickly,
the device including at least one piston which slides in a sealed cylindrical pot following the relative movement of the bar and the receiving assembly, this piston separating the cylindrical pot into two compartments which communicate with each other by a constricted passage and which are filled of a mass of incompressible and slowly deformable material.

Ces dispositifs permettent aux deux parties d'ouvrage de se déplacer librement l'une par rapport à l'autre au cours de mouvements lents tels que ceux dus aux dilatations thermiques, mais ils se comportent comme des liaisons rigides vis-à-vis des sollicitations brusques telles que celles qui peuvent avoir lieu notamment au cours d'un séisme.These devices allow both parties of work to move freely one relative to the other during slow movements such as those due to thermal expansions, but they behave like rigid connections to sudden stresses such as those which can take place in particular at during an earthquake.

Dans les dispositifs du genre en question connus dans l'art antérieur, la barre qui est destinée à être fixée à la première partie d'ouvrage est généralement directement solidaire du piston, tandis que l'ensemble de réception qui est destiné à être fixé à la deuxième partie d'ouvrage est généralement constitué par le pot cylindrique dans lequel coulisse le piston.In devices of the kind in question known in the prior art, the bar which is intended to be attached to the first part of the work is generally directly attached to the piston, while the assembly of reception which is intended to be attached to the second part of work is generally constituted by the cylindrical pot in which the piston slides.

Un exemple d'un tel dispositif de transmission d'effort est donné dans un article de B. PRITCHARD intitulé "Shock transmission units for bridge design, contruction and strenghtening", paru dans la revue "Construction repair", Londres, vol. 3, n° 8, octobre 1989, pages 17-20.An example of such a transmission device effort is given in an article by B. PRITCHARD entitled "Shock transmission units for bridge design, contruction and strenghtening ", published in the review "Construction repair", London, vol. 3, n ° 8, October 1989, pages 17-20.

Ces dispositifs de transmission d'effort connus présentent toutefois l'inconvénient d'être relativement complexes et coûteux, notamment lorsqu'ils visent à reprendre des efforts importants, dans la mesure où ces efforts importants peuvent générer des pressions considérables à l'intérieur du pot cylindrique dans lequel coulisse le piston.These known force transmission devices have the disadvantage of being relatively complex and expensive, especially when they aim to resume significant efforts, insofar as these significant efforts can generate considerable pressure inside the cylindrical pot in which slides the piston.

La présente invention a notamment pour but de proposer un dispositif de transmission d'effort du genre en question qui soit simple, peu coûteux et fiable.The object of the present invention is in particular to propose a force transmission device of the kind simple, inexpensive and reliable.

A cet effet, selon l'invention, un dispositif de transmission d'effort du genre en question est essentiellement caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble de réception comporte un bloc d'ancrage qui est percé d'un passage central traversé par la barre, ce passage central présentant deux extrémités axiales au voisinage desquelles le passage central forme deux logements tronconiques divergents vers l'extérieur dudit passage central, un mors tronconique d'ancrage étant disposé dans chaque logement tronconique pour pouvoir ancrer la barre respectivement dans deux sens opposés, deux butées ajourées rigides étant disposées respectivement de part et d'autre du bloc d'ancrage, ces butées ajourées étant traversées librement par la barre et solidarisées entre elles de façon à former un équipage axialement flottant, des moyens étant prévus pour assurer en temps normal un positionnement axial moyen de cet équipage par rapport aux mors, correspondant à la fois à la juxtaposition axiale des butées ajourées contre les mors et à une liberté de coulissement de la barre dans ces mors dans les deux sens, ledit équipage étant solidarisé avec l'un des deux éléments constitués par le pot cylindrique et par le piston et la barre étant solidarisée avec l'autre élément.To this end, according to the invention, a device for effort transmission of the genre in question is essentially characterized in that the receiving assembly has an anchor block which is pierced with a passage center crossed by the bar, this central passage presenting two axial ends in the vicinity of which the central passage forms two divergent frustoconical housings towards the outside of said central passage, a bit frustoconical anchor being disposed in each housing tapered to be able to anchor the bar respectively in two opposite directions, two rigid openwork stops being arranged respectively on either side of the block anchoring, these perforated stops being freely traversed by the bar and joined together so as to form an axially floating equipment, means being provided to ensure normal axial positioning in normal times of this crew relative to the jaws, corresponding to the times at the axial juxtaposition of the openwork stops against the jaws and a freedom of sliding of the bar in these jaws in both directions, said crew being secured with one of the two elements constituted by the pot cylindrical and by the piston and the bar being secured with the other element.

Ainsi, tant que les première et deuxième parties d'ouvrage subissent des mouvements relatifs lents, tels que ceux générés par les variations de la température ambiante, la barre rigide peut se déplacer librement lentement dans l'ensemble de réception, le piston subissant alors des déplacements correspondants à l'intérieur de son pot cylindrique sans générer d'effort sensible sur les butées ajourées, du fait de la lenteur du mouvement.So, as long as the first and second parts of work undergo slow relative movements, such than those generated by temperature variations ambient, the rigid bar can move freely slowly in the receiving assembly, the piston undergoing then corresponding displacements inside of its cylindrical pot without generating significant effort on the openwork stops, due to the slowness of the movement.

Par contre, lorsque la barre rigide subit un effort axial brusque et important, en traction ou en compression, par exemple suite à un choc ou lors d'un séisme, cet effort axial génère un petit déplacement axial très rapide de la barre rigide, déplacement axial qui est retransmis intégralement aux butées ajourées par le piston et le pot cylindrique, du fait du remplissage du pot cylindrique par le matériau incompressible et lentement déformable.On the other hand, when the rigid bar undergoes a sudden and significant axial force, in traction or in compression, for example following a shock or during a earthquake, this axial force generates a small axial displacement very fast rigid bar, axial displacement which is fully retransmitted to the perforated stops by the piston and the cylindrical pot, due to the filling of the pot cylindrical by the incompressible material and slowly deformable.

Ce petit déplacement axial des butées ajourées repousse l'un des mors d'ancrage à l'intérieur de son logement tronconique, suffisamment pour ancrer ce mors sur la barre rigide par effet de coin : la barre est alors immobilisée par rapport à l'ensemble de réception.This small axial displacement of the perforated stops push back one of the anchor jaws inside its frustoconical housing, enough to anchor this jaw on the rigid bar by wedge effect: the bar is then immobilized in relation to the reception assembly.

Dans le dispositif de transmission d'effort selon l'invention, les efforts axiaux exercés sur la barre rigide sont repris par les mors tronconiques d'ancrage et l'ensemble de retenue associé, selon une technique éprouvée, simple, efficace et fiable.In the force transmission device according to the invention, the axial forces exerted on the bar rigid are taken up by the frustoconical anchoring jaws and the associated restraint system, according to a proven technique, simple, efficient and reliable.

De plus, au contraire des dispositifs de l'art antérieur, le ou les ensembles de pots cylindriques et pistons ne reprennent pas d'effort important, mais servent uniquement à coincer l'un des mors tronconiques d'ancrage lors de l'application d'un effort axial brusque sur la barre rigide : ces ensembles de pots cylindriques et pistons peuvent donc être dimensionnés pour résister à des efforts relativement faibles par rapport à l'effort total que doit reprendre le dispositif de transmission d'efforts, de sorte que ces ensembles de pots cylindriques et pistons peuvent être relativement simples et peu coûteux.In addition, unlike the devices of the art front, the set or sets of cylindrical pots and pistons do not take up significant effort, but serve only to wedge one of the frustoconical anchoring jaws during the application of an abrupt axial force on the rigid bar: these sets of cylindrical pots and pistons can therefore be sized to withstand relatively small efforts compared to the total effort that the force transmission device must resume, so these sets of cylindrical pots and pistons can be relatively simple and inexpensive.

Dans des modes de réalisation préférés de l'invention, on a recours en outre à l'une et/ou à l'autre des dispositions suivantes :

  • les moyens de positionnement de l'équipage sont constitués par un ressort hélicoïdal de compression entourant la barre et disposé axialement entre les deux mors tronconiques ;
  • plusieurs ensembles de pots cylindriques et pistons sont répartis autour de l'axe de la barre, chaque pot étant solidaire de la barre et chaque piston étant relié aux deux butées ajourées par une tige de piston rigide parallèle à la barre ;
  • plusieurs ensembles de pots cylindriques et pistons sont répartis autour de la barre elle-même, chaque tige de piston étant solidaire d'un palonnier transversal fixé à une extrémité de la barre et s'étendant axialement du même côté de ce palonnier que la barre, et les différents pots servant de préférence à réunir axialement entre elles les deux butées ajourées,
  • l'ensemble de réception comporte deux bagues de guidage disposées axialement de part et d'autre des butées ajourées pour guider la barre,
  • dans un dispositif selon les deux alinéas précédents, chaque bague de guidage est solidarisée avec le bloc d'ancrage par des vis traversant la butée ajourée correspondante à travers des manchons d'écartement, chaque manchon prenant appui axialement contre le bloc d'ancrage et contre la bague de guidage concernée,
  • dans un dispositif selon l'alinéa précédent, les moyens de positionnement de l'équipage flottant comprennent, de chaque côté de cet équipage, un ressort de compression entourant la partie extrême d'une vis qui traverse la butée ajourée concernée et qui est vissée dans le bloc d'ancrage, ladite portion extrême étant comprise entre ladite butée ajourée et la tête de la vis,
  • la barre est fixée à un amortisseur lui-même destiné à être fixé à la première partie de l'ouvrage de génie civil,
  • le dispositif de transmission d'effort est associé à un second dispositif identique, et ces deux dispositifs sont disposés parallèlement l'un à l'autre de part et d'autre d'un support plat se prêtant aux légers déplacements horizontaux de la charge supportée, les deux parties d'ouvrage entre lesquelles sont interposés les deux dispositifs étant respectivement deux portions dudit support superposées le long d'une face de glissement horizontale.
In preferred embodiments of the invention, use is also made of one and / or the other of the following arrangements:
  • the means for positioning the crew consist of a helical compression spring surrounding the bar and disposed axially between the two frustoconical jaws;
  • several sets of cylindrical pots and pistons are distributed around the axis of the bar, each pot being integral with the bar and each piston being connected to the two openwork stops by a rigid piston rod parallel to the bar;
  • several sets of cylindrical pots and pistons are distributed around the bar itself, each piston rod being integral with a transverse lifter fixed at one end of the bar and extending axially on the same side of this lifter as the bar, and the various pots preferably serving to bring the two openwork stops axially together,
  • the receiving assembly comprises two guide rings arranged axially on either side of the perforated stops for guiding the bar,
  • in a device according to the two preceding paragraphs, each guide ring is secured to the anchoring block by screws passing through the corresponding perforated stop through spacer sleeves, each sleeve bearing axially against the anchoring block and against the guide ring concerned,
  • in a device according to the preceding paragraph, the means for positioning the floating element comprise, on each side of this element, a compression spring surrounding the end part of a screw which passes through the perforated stop concerned and which is screwed into the anchoring block, said end portion being between said perforated stop and the head of the screw,
  • the bar is fixed to a damper itself intended to be fixed to the first part of the civil engineering work,
  • the force transmission device is associated with a second identical device, and these two devices are arranged parallel to each other on either side of a flat support suitable for slight horizontal displacements of the supported load , the two parts of the work between which the two devices are interposed being respectively two portions of said support superimposed along a horizontal sliding face.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaítront au cours de la description suivante de deux de ses formes de réalisation, donnée à titre d'exemple non limitatif, en regard des dessins joints.Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear during the following description of two of its embodiments, given as an example not limiting, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Sur les dessins :

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique d'ensemble montrant un dispositif de transmission d'efforts selon l'invention utilisé pour relier entre elles deux travées d'un tablier de pont,
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe axiale horizontale du dispositif de transmission d'efforts de la figure 1,
  • la figure 3 est une vue d'arrière selon la direction III d'une variante du dispositif de la figure 1, non monté, la partie arrière du tube de protection de ce dispositif étant enlevée pour plus de clarté,
  • la figure 4 est une vue de détail du dispositif de la figure 2,
  • la figure 5 est une vue schématique d'ensemble montrant un dispositif de transmission d'efforts selon l'invention associé à un amortisseur,
  • les figures 6 et 7 sont respectivement une coupe axiale horizontale selon VI-VI, figure 7, et une vue de côté d'une variante selon l'invention d'un dispositif de transmission d'efforts.
In the drawings:
  • FIG. 1 is an overall schematic view showing a force transmission device according to the invention used to connect two spans of a bridge deck together,
  • FIG. 2 is a view in horizontal axial section of the force transmission device of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 is a rear view in direction III of a variant of the device of FIG. 1, not mounted, the rear part of the protection tube of this device being removed for greater clarity,
  • FIG. 4 is a detailed view of the device in FIG. 2,
  • FIG. 5 is an overall schematic view showing a force transmission device according to the invention associated with a shock absorber,
  • Figures 6 and 7 are respectively a horizontal axial section along VI-VI, Figure 7, and a side view of a variant according to the invention of a force transmission device.

Comme représenté schématiquement sur la figure 1, le dispositif de transmission d'efforts selon l'invention a pour but de relier horizontalement entre elles deux parties d'un ouvrage de génie civil, telles que deux travées successives 1, 2 du tablier d'un pont 3, le dispositif de transmission d'efforts étant alors disposé au niveau du joint entre les deux travées 1, 2, au-dessus d'une des piles 3a du pont.As shown schematically in Figure 1, the force transmission device according to the invention aims to connect horizontally between them two parts of a civil engineering structure, such as two successive spans 1, 2 of the bridge deck 3, the force transmission device then being arranged at the joint between the two spans 1, 2, above one of the piers 3a of the bridge.

Le dispositif de transmission d'efforts selon l'invention peut également être disposé entre une des travées du tablier du pont 3 et une des culées de ce pont, ou entre une travée 2 du tablier du pont et un pylône lorsque le pont est du type à haubans.The force transmission device according to the invention can also be placed between one of the spans of the deck of bridge 3 and one of the abutments of this bridge, or between a span 2 of the bridge deck and a pylon when the bridge is of the guyed type.

L'invention n'est toutefois pas limitée à la transmission d'efforts entre travées successives ou entre travées et culées de pont, mais s'applique au contraire de façon générale aux liaisons horizontales entre deux parties d'un ouvrage de génie civil qui sont susceptibles de subir des mouvements relatifs.The invention is however not limited to the transmission of forces between successive spans or between bridge spans and abutments, but applies on the contrary generally to the horizontal connections between two parts of a civil engineering structure which are susceptible to undergo relative movements.

Comme on peut voir en particulier sur la figure 2, le dispositif de transmission d'efforts selon l'invention comporte une barre rigide rectiligne 4 qui, dans l'exemple de la figure 1, est destinée à être fixée à la travée 1 du tablier de pont. Cette barre 4 coulisse dans un ensemble de réception rigide 5 qui, dans l'exemple de la figure 1, est destiné à être fixé à la travée 2 du tablier de pont et est partiellement disposé dans un évidement 2a de ladite travée 2.As we can see in particular in Figure 2, the force transmission device according to the invention comprises a rigid rectilinear bar 4 which, in the example in Figure 1, is intended to be fixed to bay 1 of the bridge deck. This bar 4 slides in a rigid receiving assembly 5 which, in the example of the Figure 1, is intended to be fixed to the span 2 of the deck bridge and is partially arranged in a recess 2a of said span 2.

La barre 4 peut être réalisée en acier, et elle peut présenter une section circulaire ayant un diamètre qui peut aller par exemple de 30 mm à 150 mm ou plus, suivants les efforts qu'elle peut être amenée à reprendre.Bar 4 can be made of steel, and it may have a circular section having a diameter which can range for example from 30 mm to 150 mm or more, following the efforts it may have to resume.

Cette barre 4 s'étend selon un axe horizontal 4a entre une extrémité avant 4b filetée et une extrémité arrière 4c qui est disposée à l'intérieur de l'ensemble de réception 5.This bar 4 extends along a horizontal axis 4a between a front end 4b threaded and an end rear 4c which is arranged inside the assembly reception 5.

L'extrémité avant filetée 4b de la barre 4 reçoit une pièce de fixation 4d fixée à un organe complémentaire 1b solidaire de la travée 1 du tablier de pont, la fixation entre ces deux pièces pouvant consister notamment en une articulation autour d'un axe 4f perpendiculaire à la barre 4.The threaded front end 4b of the bar 4 receives a fastening part 4d fixed to a complementary member 1b secured to span 1 of the bridge deck, the fixing between these two parts which may consist in particular in an articulation around an axis 4f perpendicular to bar 4.

Par ailleurs, l'ensemble de réception 5 dans lequel coulisse la barre 4, comporte une plaque de fixation 6 rigide fixée à la travée 2 du tablier de pont. Lorsque la travée 2 du tablier de pont est creuse, comme dans l'exemple représenté, la fixation de la plaque 6 sur la travée 2 peut être obtenue au moyen de barres de précontraintes 6a, qui traversent la plaque 6 ainsi que la paroi de la travée 2 de tablier, ces barres de précontrainte 6a recevant à chacune de leurs extrémités des écrous 6b qui permettent de serrer la plaque 6 contre la travée 2 du tablier de pont.Furthermore, the reception assembly 5 in which slides the bar 4, has a plate of rigid fixing 6 fixed to span 2 of the bridge deck. When span 2 of the bridge deck is hollow, as in the example shown, the fixing of the plate 6 on span 2 can be obtained by means of prestressed 6a, which cross the plate 6 as well as the wall of span 2 of the deck, these prestressing bars 6a receiving at each of their ends nuts 6b which allow the plate 6 to be tightened against the span 2 of the bridge deck.

La plaque 6 est percée d'un trou central circulaire fileté dans lequel est vissé un premier bloc d'ancrage 7 rigide fileté extérieurement.Plate 6 is pierced with a circular central hole threaded into which a first block is screwed anchor 7 rigid externally threaded.

Le premier bloc d'ancrage 7 est percé d'un passage central traversé par la barre 4, ce passage central présentant une partie cylindrique 7b vers son extrémité avant et un logement tronconique 7a vers son extrémité arrière, lequel logement tronconique diverge vers l'arrière.The first anchor block 7 is pierced with a passage central crossed by bar 4, this central passage having a cylindrical part 7b towards its end front and a tapered housing 7a towards its end rear, which frustoconical housing diverges towards the rear.

Dans le logement tronconique 7a est disposé un premier mors tronconique d'ancrage 9 similaire aux mors utilisés habituellement pour l'ancrage des câbles ou barres de précontrainte, ce mors d'ancrage étant constitué de plusieurs clavettes rigides angulairement réparties autour de la barre 4. Le mors tronconique d'ancrage 9 fait saillie vers l'arrière hors du logement 7a.In the frustoconical housing 7a is disposed a first frustoconical anchoring jaw 9 similar to the jaws usually used for cable anchoring or prestressing bars, this anchoring jaw being constituted of several angularly distributed rigid keys around the bar 4. The frustoconical anchoring jaw 9 makes protruding rearwards out of the housing 7a.

Ce mors tronconique 9 est susceptible, dans des conditions qui seront explicitées ci-après, d'ancrer la barre 4 au bloc d'ancrage 7 en empêchant par effet de coin ladite barre de se déplacer vers l'avant.This frustoconical jaw 9 is susceptible, in conditions which will be explained below, to anchor the bar 4 to anchor block 7 preventing by wedge effect said bar to move forward.

L'ensemble de réception 5 comporte également un deuxième bloc d'ancrage 8 qui est accolé au premier bloc 7 et qui lui est fixé par des vis (non représentées). Le deuxième bloc d'ancrage 8 présente un passage central disposé dans le prolongement du passage central du premier bloc 7, le passage central du deuxième bloc 8 présentant une partie cylindrique 8b disposée en regard de la partie cylindrique 7b du premier bloc d'ancrage 7, et un logement tronconique 8a disposé à l'extrémité avant du deuxième bloc d'ancrage 8 et divergeant vers l'avant.The reception assembly 5 also includes a second anchor block 8 which is attached to the first block 7 and which is fixed to it by screws (not shown). The second anchor block 8 has a central passage arranged in the extension of the central passage of the first block 7, the central passage of the second block 8 having a cylindrical part 8b disposed opposite the part cylindrical 7b of the first anchor block 7, and a housing frustoconical 8a disposed at the front end of the second anchor block 8 and diverging forward.

Un deuxième mors tronconique d'ancrage 10 identique au premier est disposé dans le logement tronconique 8a du deuxième bloc d'ancrage et fait saillie vers l'avant hors du logement 8a, ce deuxième mors tronconique d'ancrage étant susceptible d'ancrer la barre 4 pour l'empêcher de se déplacer vers l'arrière.A second identical frustoconical anchoring jaw 10 the first is arranged in the frustoconical housing 8a of the second anchor block and protrudes forward outside the housing 8a, this second frustoconical anchoring jaw being likely to anchor the bar 4 to prevent it to move backwards.

Deux couronnes de butée rigides 15, 16 sont disposées respectivement à l'extrémité arrière du premier bloc d'ancrage 7 et à l'extrémité avant du deuxième bloc d'ancrage 8. Un certain jeu axial étant ménagé entre les blocs d'ancrage et les couronnes de butée.Two rigid stop rings 15, 16 are arranged respectively at the rear end of the first anchor block 7 and at the front end of the second block Anchor 8. A certain axial clearance is provided between the anchor blocks and thrust rings.

Ces couronnes de butée 15, 16 sont traversées librement par la barre 4, et elles sont reliées entre elles par des tiges rigides 17 parallèles à la barre 4 qui coulissent axialement dans les premier et deuxième blocs d'ancrage 7, 8, les tiges 17 maintenant une distance axiale constante entre les deux couronnes de butée 15, 16. Dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure 2, les tiges 17 sont au nombre de deux et disposées symétriquement par rapport à la barre 4.These stop rings 15, 16 are crossed freely by bar 4, and they are connected between them by rigid rods 17 parallel to the bar 4 which slide axially in the first and second blocks anchor 7, 8, the rods 17 now a distance constant axial between the two abutment rings 15, 16. In the example shown in Figure 2, the rods 17 are two in number and symmetrically arranged by compared to bar 4.

Un ressort hélicoïdal métallique 11 ou similaire, qui entoure la barre 4, est en outre disposé axialement entre les premier et deuxième mors tronconique d'ancrage 9, 10, de façon à solliciter respectivement les deux mors d'ancrage, chacun contre une des couronnes de butée.A metal helical spring 11 or similar, which surrounds the bar 4, is further arranged axially between the first and second frustoconical anchoring jaws 9, 10, so as to stress the two jaws respectively anchor, each against one of the stop rings.

Chaque tige 17 est fixée à une tige de piston 18 rigide qui est parallèle à la barre 4 et qui s'étend vers l'arrière au-delà de l'extrémité arrière 4c de ladite barre 4.Each rod 17 is fixed to a piston rod 18 rigid which is parallel to the bar 4 and which extends towards the rear beyond the rear end 4c of said bar 4.

Comme on peut le voir en détail sur la figure 4, chaque tige de piston 18 est solidaire d'un piston 19 qui coulisse dans un pot cylindrique 20 étanche, en séparant ce pot cylindrique en deux compartiments 20a, 20b séparés par un passage étranglé 24 ménagé entre le piston et la paroi latérale du pot cylindrique.As can be seen in detail in Figure 4, each piston rod 18 is integral with a piston 19 which slides in a sealed cylindrical pot 20, separating this cylindrical pot in two separate compartments 20a, 20b by a throttled passage 24 formed between the piston and the side wall of the cylindrical pot.

Les deux compartiments 20a, 20b de chaque pot cylindrique 20 et le passage étranglé 24 sont remplis d'un matériau pâteux 23, plastique ou huileux, dont le volume global est invariable, et qui est lentement déformable de façon à rendre possibles les déplacements lents du piston 19 dans le pot 20, moyennant un refoulement à très petite vitesse du matériau pâteux à travers le passage étranglé 24, les déplacements rapides dudit matériau dans l'étranglement étant par contre impossibles.The two compartments 20a, 20b of each pot cylindrical 20 and the throttled passage 24 are filled with a pasty material 23, plastic or oily, the volume of which global is invariable, and which is slowly deformable by to make slow piston movements possible 19 in pot 20, by means of a very small delivery velocity of pasty material through the choked passage 24, the rapid movements of said material in the constriction however, being impossible.

Dans l'exemple considéré, chaque pot cylindrique 20 est constitué par un manchon cylindrique 26 aux deux extrémités duquel sont vissés deux fonds 27, 28 traversés par la tige de piston 18, un joint annulaire d'étanchéité 29 étant prévu pour réaliser une étanchéité entre chaque fond 27, 28 et la tige de piston 18.In the example considered, each cylindrical pot 20 is constituted by a cylindrical sleeve 26 at both ends of which are screwed two bottoms 27, 28 crossed by the piston rod 18, an annular seal 29 being provided for sealing between each bottom 27, 28 and the piston rod 18.

Le fond 27 du pot cylindrique est vissé ou fixé autrement dans un alésage d'une plaque 21 qui est fixée, par exemple au moyen d'une vis 22, à l'extrémité arrière 4c de la barre 4. The bottom 27 of the cylindrical pot is screwed or fixed otherwise in a bore of a plate 21 which is fixed, for example by means of a screw 22, at the rear end 4c from bar 4.

Deux tubes cylindriques rigides 12, 13, réalisés en tôle pleine, sont vissés sur le premier bloc d'ancrage 7 de part et d'autre de la plaque de fixation 6, chacun de ces tubes rigides supportant une bague de guidage, respectivement 14a, 14b, qui est traversée par la barre 4 et qui guide cette barre en coulissement axial. Les bagues de guidage 14a, 14b sont disposées axialement de part et d'autre des couronnes de butée 15, 16.Two rigid cylindrical tubes 12, 13, made in solid sheet metal, are screwed onto the first anchor block 7 on either side of the fixing plate 6, each of these rigid tubes supporting a guide ring, respectively 14a, 14b, which is crossed by the bar 4 and which guides this bar in axial sliding. The guide rings 14a, 14b are arranged axially on either side of the stop rings 15, 16.

La bague de guidage 14b représente l'extrémité avant de l'ensemble de réception 5, et elle est constituée de préférence par une plaque pleine percée uniquement d'un orifice pour recevoir la barre 4. La bague 14b empêche ainsi toute pénétration de corps étranger dans l'ensemble de réception 5, et toute interférence entre la couronne de butée 16 et un élément extérieur.The guide ring 14b represents the end front of the receiving assembly 5, and it is made up preferably by a solid plate pierced only with a orifice to receive the bar 4. The ring 14b prevents thus any foreign body penetration in the whole 5, and any interference between the crown stop 16 and an external element.

La bague de guidage 14a, quant à elle, est disposée derrière la couronne de butée 15, et elle est également réalisée sous la forme d'une plaque pleine percée uniquement d'un orifice pour le passage de la barre 4 et d'orifices pour le passage des tiges de piston 18.The guide ring 14a, for its part, is disposed behind the thrust ring 15, and it is also in the form of a solid plate pierced only with a hole for the passage of the bar 4 and orifices for the passage of the piston rods 18.

Enfin, un capot de protection 25 rigide est fixé à l'extrémité arrière du tube 12, par exemple par vissage, ce capot de protection présentant une paroi latérale cylindrique pleine et un fond également plein, de façon à protéger les ensembles de pistons et pots cylindriques 19, 20 et les tiges de piston 18.Finally, a rigid protective cover 25 is fixed at the rear end of the tube 12, for example by screwing, this protective cover having a side wall cylindrical full and a bottom also full, so to protect sets of pistons and cylindrical pots 19, 20 and the piston rods 18.

Comme représenté sur la figure 3, les ensembles de pots cylindriques et pistons 19, 20 peuvent éventuellement être au nombre de trois ou plus, et être répartis angulairement autour de la barre 4, les tiges 17 et 18 étant en même nombre que les ensembles de pots cylindriques et pistons.As shown in Figure 3, the sets of cylindrical pots and pistons 19, 20 can optionally be three or more, and be distributed angularly around the bar 4, the rods 17 and 18 being in same number as the sets of cylindrical pots and pistons.

Le dispositif de transmission d'efforts selon l'invention fonctionne comme suit.The force transmission device according to the invention operates as follows.

Tant que les deux parties d'ouvrage 1, 2 subissent des déplacements relatifs très lents, tels que ceux produits par exemple par les dilatations thermiques, les mors d'ancrage 9 et 10 ne bloquent pas la barre 4 et celle-ci coulisse lentement dans l'ensemble de réception 5.As long as the two parts of work 1, 2 undergo very slow relative displacements, such as those produced for example by thermal expansions, anchor jaws 9 and 10 do not block the bar 4 and it slides slowly in the receiving assembly 5.

Ce mouvement entraíne un coulissement relatif également lent entre les pistons 19 et les pots cylindriques 20, de sorte qu'un effort axial extrêmement faible est transmis aux couronnes de butée 15, 16 par les tiges de piston 18, cet effort étant insuffisant pour entraíner un coincement d'un des mors tronconiques 9, 10 dans son logement tronconique 7a, 8a.This movement causes a relative sliding also slow between pistons 19 and cylindrical pots 20, so that an extremely low axial force is transmitted to the thrust rings 15, 16 by the rods piston 18, this effort being insufficient to cause a jamming of one of the frustoconical jaws 9, 10 in its frustoconical housing 7a, 8a.

La barre 4 coulisse donc librement dans l'ensemble de réception 5, sur une course totale qui peut aller, selon les cas, par exemple de 100 à 1000 mm et peut valoir environ 200 mm dans un cas particulier.Bar 4 therefore slides freely throughout reception 5, on a total stroke which can go, depending on the case, for example from 100 to 1000 mm and can be worth about 200 mm in a particular case.

Par contre, lorsque la barre 4 subit un effort axial brusque assez important, en traction ou en compression, par exemple lors d'un séisme, cet effort axial brusque entraíne un très petit déplacement axial également brusque de la barre 4.On the other hand, when the bar 4 undergoes an effort sudden enough axial, in tension or compression, for example during an earthquake, this axial force abrupt also causes a very small axial displacement abrupt bar 4.

Ce léger déplacement axial, du fait de sa rapidité, ne peut pas être absorbé par les ensembles de pistons et pots cylindriques 20, de sorte que l'effort axial subi par la barre 4 est retransmis aux couronnes de butée 15 et 16, l'une des deux couronnes de butée repoussant alors le mors tronconique correspondant vers l'intérieur de son logement tronconique en ancrant la barre 4 par coincement de ce mors tronconique dans le bloc d'ancrage correspondant.This slight axial displacement, due to its speed, cannot be absorbed by piston assemblies and cylindrical pots 20, so that the axial force undergone by the bar 4 is retransmitted to the abutment crowns 15 and 16, one of the two abutment crowns then pushing back the corresponding frustoconical jaw towards the inside of its frustoconical housing by anchoring the bar 4 by wedging of this frustoconical jaw in the corresponding anchoring block.

La barre 4 est donc immédiatement solidarisée à l'ensemble de réception 5, et ce de façon très efficace.The bar 4 is therefore immediately secured to the reception assembly 5, and this very effectively.

L'effort axial de traction ou de compression qui peut être repris par le dispositif de transmission d'efforts selon l'invention peut aller par exemple de quelques dizaines à quelques centaines de tonnes, et peut valoir environ 150 tonnes dans un cas particulier. The axial tensile or compressive force which can be picked up by the transmission device efforts according to the invention can range for example from a few tens to a few hundred tonnes, and can worth around 150 tonnes in a particular case.

On observera que les ensembles de pistons et pots cylindriques 19, 20 peuvent être dimensionnés pour reprendre des efforts relativement limités par rapport à cet effort axial, dans la mesure où la totalité dudit effort axial est supporté par le système d'ancrage à mors tronconique.It will be observed that the sets of pistons and pots cylindrical 19, 20 can be dimensioned for resume relatively limited efforts compared to this axial force, insofar as all of said axial force is supported by the jaw anchoring system tapered.

Le dispositif de transmission d'efforts selon l'invention ne relie pas forcément directement l'une à l'autre les deux parties d'ouvrage considérées : il est possible en effet de prévoir un amortisseur entre le dispositif de transmission d'effort selon l'invention et l'une ou l'autre des deux parties d'ouvrage.The force transmission device according to the invention does not necessarily directly link one to the other the two parts of the work considered: it is possible indeed to provide a damper between the force transmission device according to the invention and one or the other of the two parts of the work.

Par exemple, comme représenté sur la figure 5, l'extrémité avant de la barre 4 peut être fixée à une extrémité d'un amortisseur 30, dont l'autre extrémité est fixée à l'une des deux parties d'ouvrage à réunir, par exemple une culée la d'un pont 3, l'ensemble de réception 5 étant alors fixé à une travée 2 du tablier du pont.For example, as shown in Figure 5, the front end of the bar 4 can be fixed to a end of a shock absorber 30, the other end of which is attached to one of the two parts of the work to be joined, by example a bridge la abutment 3, the reception assembly 5 then being fixed to a span 2 of the bridge deck.

L'amortisseur 30 en question peut être par exemple une pièce métallique ondulée qui absorbe de l'énergie par plastification du métal en cas de déplacement relatif violent entre les deux parties d'ouvrage, par exemple lors d'un séisme.The damper 30 in question can for example be a corrugated metal piece that absorbs energy by plasticization of the metal in case of relative displacement violent between the two parts of the work, for example during an earthquake.

On notera également que les deux blocs d'ancrage 7, 8 de l'exemple qui vient d'être décrit pourraient être éventuellement réalisés en une seule pièce, et que le premier bloc, ou éventuellement les deux blocs, pourraient être formés d'une seule pièce avec la plaque 6.Note also that the two anchor blocks 7, 8 of the example just described could be possibly made in one piece, and that the first block, or possibly both blocks, could be formed in one piece with the plate 6.

En outre, au lieu de prévoir un seul ressort 11 sollicitant les deux mors tronconiques d'ancrage 9, 10 à l'écartement, il serait possible de prévoir au moins sur le premier bloc d'ancrage 7 -ou sur le bloc d'ancrage unique lorsque les deux blocs 7, 8 sont réalisés d'une seule pièce- un collet annulaire intérieur qui s'étend radialement vers l'intérieur sensiblement jusqu'à la barre 4, et de prévoir en outre deux ressorts 11 identiques qui seraient disposés respectivement de chaque côté de ce collet, entre ledit collet et chacun des mors tronconiques d'ancrage.In addition, instead of providing a single spring 11 stressing the two frustoconical anchoring jaws 9, 10 to the spacing, it would be possible to provide at least on the first anchor block 7 -or on the anchor block unique when the two blocks 7, 8 are made of single piece - an inner annular collar that extends radially inward substantially to the bar 4, and to further provide two identical springs 11 which would be arranged respectively on each side of this collar, between said collar and each of the frustoconical jaws anchor.

Dans la variante de réalisation illustrée par les figures 6 et 7, on a adopté les mêmes références numériques que précédemment pour désigner les éléments identiques ou comparables.In the variant embodiment illustrated by Figures 6 and 7, we have adopted the same reference numbers as before to designate identical elements or comparable.

Cette variante diffère de celle plus particulièrement décrite ci-dessus par les deux dispositions suivantes.This variant differs from that more particularly described above by the following two provisions.

La première disposition permet de réduire considérablement la longueur hors tout du dispositif de transmission d'efforts en plaçant les pots cylindriques non plus dans le prolongement axial de la barre centrale, mais autour de cette barre.The first arrangement considerably reduces the overall length of the transmission device effort by placing the cylindrical pots either in the axial extension of the central bar, but around this bar.

A cet effet, ce ne sont plus ces pots 20 qui sont eux-mêmes solidaires de la barre 4, par l'intermédiaire du palonnier ou plaque 21, mais les tiges de piston 18 et ces dernières s'étendent axialement du même côté que la barre 4 par rapport au palonnier.For this purpose, it is no longer these pots 20 which are themselves secured to the bar 4, via of the spreader or plate 21, but the piston rods 18 and these extend axially on the same side as the bar 4 with respect to the lifting beam.

Les pots 20 peuvent alors servir eux-mêmes d'entretoises rigides reliant entre elles les butées ajourées 15, 16 (on parle ici plutôt de "butées ajourées" que de "couronnes de butée" pour désigner lesdites pièces 15 et 16, car elles ne sont plus ici de révolution).The pots 20 can then serve themselves rigid spacers connecting the stops together openwork 15, 16 (we speak here rather of "openwork stops" as "thrust crowns" to designate said parts 15 and 16, because they are no longer of revolution here).

Lesdits pots 20 constituent alors avec les butées 15 et 16 un équipage axialement flottant qui est monté de façon à pouvoir coulisser à la fois :

  • lentement, le long des tiges 18,
  • et sans freinage le long de la barre 4.
Said pots 20 then constitute, with the stops 15 and 16, an axially floating assembly which is mounted so as to be able to slide at the same time:
  • slowly, along the rods 18,
  • and without braking along the bar 4.

Les bagues 14a et 14b de guidage de la barre 4 sont montées sur le bloc d'ancrage 8 à l'aide de vis 31 à travers des manchons rigides d'entretoisement 32 qui traversent librement les butées ajourées 15 et 16.The guide rings 14a and 14b of the bar 4 are mounted on the anchor block 8 using screws 31 through rigid spacer sleeves 32 which freely pass through the perforated stops 15 and 16.

Ici l'une 1 des deux parties d'ouvrage entre lesquelles est interposé le dispositif de transmission d'efforts peut encore être relié à l'extrémité libre de la barre 4 alors que l'autre partie d'ouvrage est ici une table horizontale 33 sur laquelle ou sous laquelle le bloc d'ancrage 8 est fixé à l'aide de boulons ou analogues 34 (figure 7).Here one of the two parts of the work between which the transmission device is interposed of effort can still be connected to the free end of bar 4 while the other part of the work is here a horizontal table 33 on which or under which the block anchor 8 is fixed with bolts or the like 34 (figure 7).

La seconde disposition par laquelle la variante des figures 6 et 7 diffère des précédentes permet de supprimer le gros ressort hélicoïdal qui était, dans ces dernières, interposé axialement entre les deux extrémités amincies des mors 9 et 10, autour de la barre 4.The second arrangement by which the variant Figures 6 and 7 differs from the previous allows remove the large coil spring which was, in these last, axially interposed between the two ends tapering of jaws 9 and 10, around bar 4.

Ce ressort est ici remplacé :

  • d'une part, par un anneau rigide d'entretoisement 35 entourant la barre 4 et interposé entre les extrémités amincies des deux mors,
  • et d'autre part par deux organes élastiques 36 constitués comme suit.
This spring is replaced here:
  • on the one hand, by a rigid bracing ring 35 surrounding the bar 4 and interposed between the thinned ends of the two jaws,
  • and on the other hand by two elastic members 36 constituted as follows.

Chaque organe 36 comprend un ressort de compression 36a (par exemple un empilage de rondelles Belleville) monté autour de la portion extérieure d'une vis 36b vissée dans le bloc 8 et traversant librement une des deux butées ajourées 15, 16, ladite portion extérieure étant comprise entre ladite butée et la tête élargie 36c de la vis.Each member 36 includes a compression spring 36a (for example a stack of Belleville washers) mounted around the outer portion of a screw 36b screwed in block 8 and freely crossing one of the two stops openwork 15, 16, said outer portion being included between said stop and the enlarged head 36c of the screw.

Les ressorts 36 sont tarés de façon telle que l'équipage flottant se trouve normalement en une position axiale moyenne pour laquelle les différentes pièces 35, 9, 10, 15 et 16 sont juxtaposées axialement l'une contre l'autre, mais sans qu'il y ait un quelconque effet de coincement entre un mors et la barre, vis-à-vis des déplacements relativement lents de cette barre dans ces mors.The springs 36 are calibrated so that the floating crew is normally in a position mean axial for which the different parts 35, 9, 10, 15 and 16 are juxtaposed axially, one against the other, but without there being any wedging between a jaw and the bar, vis-à-vis relatively slow movements of this bar in these bit.

En revanche, dès qu'un choc est appliqué à la barre par rapport au bloc d'ancrage, l'immobilisation relative des pistons 19 dans les pots 20 a pour effet de solidariser instantanément l'équipage flottant avec ladite barre et donc de solliciter axialement l'un des deux mors 9 et 10 à l'enfoncement dans son logement tronconique, ce qui assure un blocage immédiat de la barre par rapport au bloc 8 et donc une solidarisation immédiate de la partie d'ouvrage 1 avec la partie d'ouvrage 33.However, as soon as a shock is applied to the bar relative to the anchor block, the immobilizer relative of the pistons 19 in the pots 20 has the effect of instantly secure the floating crew with said bar and therefore to stress axially one of the two jaws 9 and 10 when sinking into its frustoconical housing, this which ensures an immediate blocking of the bar relative to the block 8 and therefore an immediate joining of the part structure 1 with structure part 33.

C'est pour simplifier les dessins que l'on a représenté à la fois sur la figure 6 deux vis 31 et deux vis 36b. En réalité, on ne trouve pas dans un même plan axial des vis 31 et des vis 36b : dans les modes de réalisation préférés, on trouve, vissées dans chaque face transversale terminale du bloc 8, six vis décalées angulairement autour de l'axe 4a, savoir deux vis 36b diamétralement opposées -généralement contenues toutes les deux dans le plan axial horizontal- et quatre vis 31.It is to simplify the drawings that we have shown in both Figure 6 two screws 31 and two screw 36b. In reality, we do not find in the same plane axial of screws 31 and screws 36b: in the preferred realization, we find, screwed in each side block cross section 8, six offset screws angularly around the axis 4a, namely two screws 36b diametrically opposite - generally contained all two in the horizontal axial plane - and four screws 31.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulièrement avantageux, le dispositif de transmission d'efforts ci-dessus décrit est couplé à un second dispositif identique, et ces deux dispositifs équipent un support plat pour ouvrage de génie civil, support comprenant deux portions superposées le long d'une face horizontale de glissement.In a particularly embodiment advantageous, the above force transmission device described is coupled to a second identical device, and these two devices equip a flat support for civil engineering structure, support comprising two portions superimposed along a horizontal sliding face.

Dans ce cas, ces deux portions constituent les deux parties d'ouvrage 1 et 2 (ou 33) ci-dessus et les deux dispositifs sont placés, parallèlement l'un à l'autre, de chaque côté du support.In this case, these two portions constitute the two parts of work 1 and 2 (or 33) above and the two devices are placed, in parallel one to the other, on each side of the support.

Claims (9)

  1. A force transmission device for horizontally interconnecting first and second portions (1, 1a, 2, 33) of a civil engineering work (3), the device comprising :
    a rigid rectilinear bar (4) designed to be fixed to the first portion (1, 1a) of the work and extending along a horizontal axis ; and
    a rigid receiver assembly (5) that receives the bar (4) and that is designed to be fixed to the second portion (2, 33) of the work, the bar being capable of sliding slowly in the receiver assembly, but being prevented from sliding quickly ;
    the device including at least one piston (19) which slides in a sealed cylinder (20) in compliance with the relative movement between the bar (4) and the receiver assembly (5), said piston subdividing the cylinder into two compartments which communicate with each other via a narrow passage (24) and which are filled with a mass of material (23) that is incompressible and deformable only slowly ;
    characterized in that the receiver assembly (5) comprises an anchor block (7,8) which is pierced by a central passage (7a, 7b, 8a, 8b) through which the bar (4) passes, said central passage having two axial ends in the vicinity of which the central passage forms two outwardly flaring housings (7a, 8a), a respective tapering anchor jaw (9, 10) being disposed in each flared housing (7a, 8a) to enable the bar (4) to be anchored in two opposite directions, two rigid perforated abutments (15, 16) being disposed at respective ends of the anchor block, said perforated abutments allowing the bar (4) to pass freely therethrough and being secured together so as to form axially floating equipment, means being provided to ensure that under normal circumstances said equipment takes up a mean axial position relative to the jaws, corresponding simultaneously to the perforated abutments being axially juxtaposed against the jaws and to the bar being free to slide in the jaws in both directions, said equipment being secured to one of the two elements constituted by the cylinder (20) and by the piston (19), and the bar being secured to the other one of said two elements.
  2. A device according to claim 1, in which the means for positioning the equipment are constituted by a helical compression spring (11) surrounding the bar (4) and disposed axially between the two tapering jaws.
  3. A device according to any one of claims 1 and 2, including a plurality of cylinder (20) and piston (19) units which are distributed around the axis (4a) of the bar, each cylinder (20) being secured to the bar (4) and each piston (19) being connected to the two perforated abtuments (15,16) by a respective rigid piston rod (18) extending parallel to the bar (4).
  4. A device according to claim 1, including a plurality of cylinder (20) and piston (19) units which are distributed around the bar (4) itself, each piston rod (18) being secured to a transverse spreader (21) fixed to one end of the bar and extending axially from the spreader in the same direction as the bar, and the various cylinders preferably serving to interconnect axially the two perforated abutments (15, 16).
  5. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the receiver assembly comprises two guide rings (14a, 14b) disposed axially facing the outsides of the perforated abutments (15,16) for the purpose of guiding the bar (4).
  6. A device according to claims 4 and 5, in which each guide ring (14a,14b) is secured to the anchor block (8) by screws passing through the corresponding perforated abutment (15,16) via spacer sleeves (32), each sleeve bearing axially against the anchor block and the corresponding guide ring.
  7. A device according to claim 6, in which the means for positioning the floating equipment comprises, on either end of said equipment, a compression spring (36a) surrounding the end portion of a screw (36b) that passes through the corresponding perforated abutment (15,16) and that is screwed into the anchor block (8), said end portion lying between said perforated abutment and the head (36c) of the screw.
  8. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the bar (4) is fixed to a shock absorber (30), itself designed to be fixed to the first portion (1) of the civil engineering work.
  9. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, associated with an identical second device, said two devices being disposed parallel to each other on either side of a flat support lending itself to small horizontal displacements of the supported load, the two portions of the work between which the two devices are interposed being respectively two portions of said support that are superposed along a horizontal sliding face.
EP95401771A 1994-07-29 1995-07-26 Device for transmitting forces in civil engineering constructions Expired - Lifetime EP0694652B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9409470A FR2723111B1 (en) 1994-07-29 1994-07-29 IMPROVEMENTS ON STRUCTURE TRANSMISSION DEVICES FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS
FR9409470 1994-07-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0694652A1 EP0694652A1 (en) 1996-01-31
EP0694652B1 true EP0694652B1 (en) 1998-09-02

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95401771A Expired - Lifetime EP0694652B1 (en) 1994-07-29 1995-07-26 Device for transmitting forces in civil engineering constructions

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0694652B1 (en)
KR (1) KR100371695B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2121311T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2723111B1 (en)
TW (1) TW289777B (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE69926984D1 (en) * 1999-02-26 2005-10-06 Vinci Construction Grands Proj Articulated paraseismic elastoplastic device for civil engineering and bridge with such a device
KR100476439B1 (en) * 2002-03-12 2005-03-16 박대원 Earth-quake-proof apparatus for a structure
CN102304893B (en) * 2011-07-01 2013-08-21 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 Piston-type bridge buffer protection method and device and manufacture method
ITMI20111607A1 (en) * 2011-09-07 2013-03-08 Alga Spa COLLASSABLE RIGID SUPPORT FOR BUILDING AND SIMILAR STRUCTURES

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2544432B1 (en) * 1982-11-09 1985-11-29 Dragages Travaux Publics PARASISMIC CYLINDER FOR ELASTICALLY SUPPORTED STRUCTURE
FR2549114A1 (en) * 1983-07-13 1985-01-18 Vibrachoc Sa ENERGY ABSORPTION DEVICE, PARTICULARLY FOR BRIDGES

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2723111A1 (en) 1996-02-02
ES2121311T3 (en) 1998-11-16
KR100371695B1 (en) 2003-04-21
FR2723111B1 (en) 1996-10-18
EP0694652A1 (en) 1996-01-31
TW289777B (en) 1996-11-01

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